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Østergaard A, Boer JM, van Leeuwen FN, Pieters R, Den Boer ML. IKZF1 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the rise before the fall? Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39210599 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2396046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children and adolescents and in recent decades, the survival rates have risen to >90% in children largely due the introduction of risk adapted therapy. Therefore, knowledge of factors influencing risk of relapse is important. The transcription factor IKAROS is a regulator of lymphocyte development and alterations of its coding gene, IKZF1, are frequent in ALL and are associated with higher relapse risk. This concise review will discuss the normal function of IKAROS together with the effect of gene alterations in ALL such as relieved energy restriction and altered response to anti-leukemic drugs. Besides the biology, the clinical impact of gene alterations in the different subtypes of ALL will be discussed. Finally, possibilities for treating ALL with IKZF1 alterations will be considered including novel therapies like cell signaling inhibitors and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Østergaard
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Boer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rob Pieters
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Mo CC, Hartley-Brown MA, Sperling AS, Midha S, Yee AJ, Bianchi G, Piper C, Tattersall A, Nadeem O, Laubach JP, Richardson PG. Targeting Ikaros and Aiolos: reviewing novel protein degraders for the treatment of multiple myeloma, with a focus on iberdomide and mezigdomide. Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:445-465. [PMID: 39054911 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2382897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) is evolving rapidly. Quadruplet regimens incorporating proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and CD38 monoclonal antibodies have emerged as standard-of-care options for newly diagnosed MM, and numerous novel therapies have been approved for relapsed/refractory MM. However, there remains a need for novel options in multiple settings, including refractoriness to frontline standards of care. AREAS COVERED Targeting degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 - Ikaros and Aiolos - through modulation of cereblon, an E3 ligase substrate recruiter/receptor, is a key mechanism of action of the IMiDs and the CELMoD agents. Two CELMoD agents, iberdomide and mezigdomide, have demonstrated substantial preclinical and clinical activity in MM and have entered phase 3 investigation. Using a literature search methodology comprising searches of PubMed (unlimited time-frame) and international hematology/oncology conference abstracts (2019-2023), this paper reviews the importance of Ikaros and Aiolos in MM, the mechanism of action of the IMiDs and CELMoD agents and their relative potency for targeting Ikaros and Aiolos, and preclinical and clinical data on iberdomide and mezigdomide. EXPERT OPINION Emerging data suggest that iberdomide and mezigdomide have promising activity, including in IMiD-resistant settings and, pending phase 3 findings, may provide additional treatment options for patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifton C Mo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monique A Hartley-Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Sperling
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shonali Midha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Yee
- Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Piper
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Tattersall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar Nadeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob P Laubach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ehm PAH, Horn S, Hoffer K, Kriegs M, Horn M, Giehler S, Nalaskowski M, Rehbach C, Horstmann MA, Jücker M. Ikaros sets the threshold for negative B-cell selection by regulation of the signaling strength of the AKT pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:360. [PMID: 38992657 PMCID: PMC11241878 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory phosphatases, such as the inositol-5-phosphatase SHIP1 could potentially contribute to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) by raising the threshold for activation of the autoimmunity checkpoint, allowing malignant cells with strong oncogenic B-cell receptor signaling to escape negative selection. Here, we show that SHIP1 is differentially expressed across B-ALL subtypes and that high versus low SHIP1 expression is associated with specific B-ALL subgroups. In particular, we found high SHIP1 expression in both, Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive and ETV6-RUNX1-rearranged B-ALL cells. As demonstrated by targeted knockdown of SHIP1 by RNA interference, proliferation of B-ALL cells in vitro and their tumorigenic spread in vivo depended in part on SHIP1 expression. We investigated the regulation of SHIP1, as an important antagonist of the AKT signaling pathway, by the B-cell-specific transcription factor Ikaros. Targeted restoration of Ikaros and pharmacological inhibition of the antagonistic casein kinase 2, led to a strong reduction in SHIP1 expression and at the same time to a significant inhibition of AKT activation and cell growth. Importantly, the tumor suppressive function of Ikaros was enhanced by a SHIP1-dependent additive effect. Furthermore, our study shows that all three AKT isoforms contribute to the pro-mitogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling in B-ALL cells. Conversely, hyperactivation of a single AKT isoform is sufficient to induce negative selection by increased oxidative stress. In summary, our study demonstrates the regulatory function of Ikaros on SHIP1 expression in B-ALL and highlights the relevance of sustained SHIP1 expression to prevent cells with hyperactivated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling from undergoing negative selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A H Ehm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
| | - Stefan Horn
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- UCCH Kinomics Core Facility, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Michael Horn
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Susanne Giehler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Marcus Nalaskowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Christoph Rehbach
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
- Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Horstmann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
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Feng L, Zhang H, Liu T. Multifaceted roles of IKZF1 gene, perspectives from bench to bedside. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1383419. [PMID: 38978740 PMCID: PMC11228169 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1383419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The IKZF1 gene encodes a transcription factor that belongs to the family of zinc-finger DNA-binding proteins associated with chromatin remodeling. The protein product, IKAROS, had been proved to regulate lymphopoiesis. Subsequent mouse model studies have further confirmed its regulating role in lymphopoiesis as well as in hematopoiesis; besides, it associates with immune function, certain immune disorders like common variable immunodeficiency and dysgammaglobulinemia have been proved to be associated with germline IKZF1 mutations. Dysfunction of IKAROS also bears paramount significance in leukemic transformation and alterations of IKZF1 gene predicts a poor prognosis in hematological malignancies. As an independent prognostic marker, IKZF1 has been incorporated in the risk stratification of BCP-ALL and stratification-guided therapy has also been generated. In this review, we provide a concise and comprehensive overview on the multifaceted roles of IKZF1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Paolino J, Tsai HK, Harris MH, Pikman Y. IKZF1 Alterations and Therapeutic Targeting in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:89. [PMID: 38255194 PMCID: PMC10813044 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
IKZF1 encodes the transcription factor IKAROS, a zinc finger DNA-binding protein with a key role in lymphoid lineage development. IKAROS plays a critical role in the development of lineage-restricted mature lymphocytes. Deletions within IKZF1 in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) lead to a loss of normal IKAROS function, conferring leukemic stem cell properties, including self-renewal and subsequent uncontrolled growth. IKZF1 deletions are associated with treatment resistance and inferior outcomes. Early identification of IKZF1 deletions in B-ALL may inform the intensification of therapy and other potential treatment strategies to improve outcomes in this high-risk leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Paolino
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harrison K. Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (M.H.H.)
| | - Marian H. Harris
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA (M.H.H.)
| | - Yana Pikman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Svyatova G, Boranbayeva R, Berezina G, Manzhuova L, Murtazaliyeva A. Genes of Predisposition to Childhood Beta-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Kazakh Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2653-2666. [PMID: 37642051 PMCID: PMC10685230 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.8.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most common malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system. The genetic predisposition to ALL is not fully explored in various ethnic populations. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the population frequencies of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic gene variants: immune regulation GATA3 (rs3824662); transcription and differentiation of B cells: ARID5B (rs7089424, rs10740055), IKZF1 (rs4132601); differentiation of hematopoietic cells: PIP4K2A (rs7088318); apoptosis: CEBPE (rs2239633), tumor suppressors: CDKN2A (rs3731249), TP53 (rs1042522); carcinogen metabolism: CBR3 (rs1056892), CYP1A1 (rs104894, rs4646903), according to genome-wide association studies analyses associated with the risk of developing pediatric beta-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL), in an ethnically homogeneous population of Kazakhs with studied populations. METHODS The genomic database consists of 1800 conditionally healthy persons of Kazakh nationality, genotyped using OmniChip 2.5-8 Illumina chips at the deCODE genetics as part of the InterPregGen 7 project of the European Union (EU) framework program under Grant Agreement No. 282540. RESULTS High population frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) minor alleles identified for immune regulation genes - GATA3 rs3824662 - 42.5%; transcription and differentiation of B-cells genes - ARID5B rs7089424 - 33.1% and rs10740055 - 48.5%, which suggests their significant genetic contribution to the risk of development and prognosis of the effectiveness of B-cell ALL therapy in the Kazakh population. The significantly lower population frequency of the minor allele G rs1056892 CBR3 gene - 38.6% in the Kazakhs suggests its significant protective effect in reducing the risk of childhood B-cell ALL and the smaller number of cardiac complications after anthracycline therapy. CONCLUSION The obtained results will serve as a basis for developing effective methods for predicting the risk of development, early diagnosis, and effectiveness of treatment of B-cell ALL in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Svyatova
- Republican Medical Genetic Consultation, Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 050020, 125 Dostyk Ave., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Riza Boranbayeva
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, 050060, 146 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Galina Berezina
- Republican Medical Genetic Consultation, Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 050020, 125 Dostyk Ave., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Lyazat Manzhuova
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, 050060, 146 Al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Alexandra Murtazaliyeva
- Republican Medical Genetic Consultation, Scientific Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 050020, 125 Dostyk Ave., Almaty, Kazakhstan.
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Bruserud Ø, Reikvam H. Casein Kinase 2 (CK2): A Possible Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3711. [PMID: 37509370 PMCID: PMC10378128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase CK2 (also known as casein kinase 2) is one of the main contributors to the human phosphoproteome. It is regarded as a possible therapeutic strategy in several malignant diseases, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is an aggressive bone marrow malignancy. CK2 is an important regulator of intracellular signaling in AML cells, especially PI3K-Akt, Jak-Stat, NFκB, Wnt, and DNA repair signaling. High CK2 levels in AML cells at the first time of diagnosis are associated with decreased survival (i.e., increased risk of chemoresistant leukemia relapse) for patients receiving intensive and potentially curative antileukemic therapy. However, it is not known whether these high CK2 levels can be used as an independent prognostic biomarker because this has not been investigated in multivariate analyses. Several CK2 inhibitors have been developed, but CX-4945/silmitasertib is best characterized. This drug has antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in primary human AML cells. The preliminary results from studies of silmitasertib in the treatment of other malignancies suggest that gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicities are relatively common. However, clinical AML studies are not available. Taken together, the available experimental and clinical evidence suggests that the possible use of CK2 inhibition in the treatment of AML should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Institute for Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Institute for Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Jaeger HK, Davis DA, Nair A, Shrestha P, Stream A, Yaparla A, Yarchoan R. Mechanism and therapeutic implications of pomalidomide-induced immune surface marker upregulation in EBV-positive lymphomas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11596. [PMID: 37463943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) downregulates immune surface markers to avoid immune recognition. Pomalidomide (Pom) was previously shown to increase immune surface marker expression in EBV-infected tumor cells. We explored the mechanism by which Pom leads to these effects in EBV-infected cells. Pom increased B7-2/CD86 mRNA, protein, and surface expression in EBV-infected cells but this was virtually eliminated in EBV-infected cells made resistant to Pom-induced cytostatic effects. This indicates that Pom initiates the upregulation of these markers by interacting with its target, cereblon. Interestingly, Pom increased the proinflammatory cytokines IP-10 and MIP-1∝/β in EBV infected cells, supporting a possible role for the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway in Pom's effects. Idelalisib, an inhibitor of the delta subunit of PI3 Kinase, blocked AKT-Ser phosphorylation and Pom-induced B7-2 surface expression. PU.1 is a downstream target for AKT that is expressed in EBV-infected cells. Pom treatment led to an increase in PU.1 binding to the B7-2 promoter based on ChIP analysis. Thus, our data indicates Pom acts through cereblon leading to degradation of Ikaros and activation of the PI3K/AKT/PU.1 pathway resulting in upregulation of B7-2 mRNA and protein expression. The increased immune recognition in addition to the increases in proinflammatory cytokines upon Pom treatment suggests Pom may be useful in the treatment of EBV-positive lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Jaeger
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Rm. 6N106, MSC 1868, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1868, USA
| | - David A Davis
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Rm. 6N106, MSC 1868, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1868, USA
| | - Ashwin Nair
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Rm. 6N106, MSC 1868, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1868, USA
| | - Prabha Shrestha
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Rm. 6N106, MSC 1868, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1868, USA
| | - Alexandra Stream
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Rm. 6N106, MSC 1868, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1868, USA
| | - Amulya Yaparla
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Rm. 6N106, MSC 1868, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1868, USA
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Rm. 6N106, MSC 1868, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1868, USA.
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Ehm PAH, Linnebacher M, Block A, Rehbach C, Jücker M. Targeted hyperactivation of AKT through inhibition of ectopic expressed SHIP1 induces cell death in colon carcinoma cells and derived metastases. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110720. [PMID: 37207939 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer (CRC) focus on the suppression of oncogenic kinase signaling. Here, we test the hypothesis that targeted hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT-signaling may lead to trigger CRC cell death. Recently we found that hematopoietic SHIP1 is ectopically expressed in CRC cells. Here we show that SHIP1 is more strongly expressed in metastatic cells than in the primary cancer cells, which allows for an increase in AKT signaling in metastatic cells, giving them an advantage from an evolutionary point of view. Mechanistically, the increased SHIP1 expression reduces the activation of the PI3K/ AKT signaling to a value that is below the threshold that leads to cell death. This mechanism gives the cell a selection advantage. We show that genetic hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT-signaling or blocking the activity of the inhibitory phosphatase SHIP1, induces acute cell death in CRC cells, because of excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Our results demonstrate that CRC cells critically depend on mechanisms to fine-tune PI3K/AKT activity and show SHIP1 inhibition as an unexpectedly promising concept for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A H Ehm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Clinic of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Block
- Department of Oncology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rehbach
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Bogush D, Schramm J, Ding Y, He B, Singh C, Sharma A, Tukaramrao DB, Iyer S, Desai D, Nalesnik G, Hengst J, Bhalodia R, Gowda C, Dovat S. Signaling pathways and regulation of gene expression in hematopoietic cells. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 88:100942. [PMID: 36621151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular functions are regulated by signal transduction pathway networks consisting of protein-modifying enzymes that control the activity of many downstream proteins. Protein kinases and phosphatases regulate gene expression by reversible phosphorylation of transcriptional factors, which are their direct substrates. Casein kinase II (CK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates a large number of proteins that have critical roles in cellular proliferation, metabolism and survival. Altered function of CK2 has been associated with malignant transformation, immunological disorders and other types of diseases. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a serine/threonine phosphatase, which regulates the phosphorylation status of many proteins that are essential for cellular functions. IKAROS is a DNA-binding protein, which functions as a regulator of gene transcription in hematopoietic cells. CK2 directly phosphorylates IKAROS at multiple phosphosites which determines IKAROS activity as a regulator of gene expression. PP1 binds to IKAROS via the PP1-consensus recognition site and dephosphorylates serine/threonine residues that are phosphorylated by CK2. Thus, the interplay between CK2 and PP1 signaling pathways have opposing effects on the phosphorylation status of their mutual substrate - IKAROS. This review summarizes the effects of CK2 and PP1 on IKAROS role in regulation of gene expression and its function as a tumor suppressor in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bogush
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Joseph Schramm
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Bing He
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Chingakham Singh
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | | | - Soumya Iyer
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Gregory Nalesnik
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Jeremy Hengst
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Riya Bhalodia
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 1703, USA.
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Conserva MR, Redavid I, Anelli L, Zagaria A, Tarantini F, Cumbo C, Tota G, Parciante E, Coccaro N, Minervini CF, Minervini A, Specchia G, Musto P, Albano F. IKAROS in Acute Leukemia: A Positive Influencer or a Mean Hater? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043282. [PMID: 36834692 PMCID: PMC9961161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One key process that controls leukemogenesis is the regulation of oncogenic gene expression by transcription factors acting as tumor suppressors. Understanding this intricate mechanism is crucial to elucidating leukemia pathophysiology and discovering new targeted treatments. In this review, we make a brief overview of the physiological role of IKAROS and the molecular pathway that contributes to acute leukemia pathogenesis through IKZF1 gene lesions. IKAROS is a zinc finger transcription factor of the Krüppel family that acts as the main character during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. It can activate or repress tumor suppressors or oncogenes, regulating the survival and proliferation of leukemic cells. More than 70% of Ph+ and Ph-like cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia exhibit IKZF1 gene variants, which are linked to worse treatment outcomes in both childhood and adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the last few years, much evidence supporting IKAROS involvement in myeloid differentiation has been reported, suggesting that loss of IKZF1 might also be a determinant of oncogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia. Considering the complicated "social" network that IKAROS manages in hematopoietic cells, we aim to focus on its involvement and the numerous alterations of molecular pathways it can support in acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Conserva
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Immacolata Redavid
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Anelli
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Zagaria
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantini
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Cumbo
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Tota
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisa Parciante
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Coccaro
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Crescenzio Francesco Minervini
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Minervini
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Albano
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Li J, Huang Y, Hou Y, Gu Y, Song C, Ge Z. High efficacy of azacitidine combined with homoharringtonine, idarubicin, and cytarabine in newly diagnosed patients with AML: A single arm, phase 2 trial. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1069246. [PMID: 36568250 PMCID: PMC9773133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1069246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the novel combination of Aza and HIA as the frontline induction therapy in newly diagnosed AML patients eligible for intensive chemotherapy (IC) (registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04248595). Methods Aza (75mg/m2/d on days1-5 subcutaneous) is administered in combination with HIA [HHT 2mg/m2/d on days 4-8 intravenous over 3 hours, idarubicin 6mg/m2/d on days 4-6 intravenous, and cytarabine 100mg/m2/d on days 4-10 intravenous]. The primary endpoint was complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and adverse events (AEs). Results A total of 20 AML patients (aged 18-70 years) were enrolled between Jan 2020 and Sep 2022. 95% (19/20) of patients achieved CR/CRi, and 89.5% (17/19) had undetectable MRD, in which 94.7% (18/19) reached CR/CRi, and 88.9% (16/18) obtained MRD negative after the 1st cycle of induction therapy. Median OS and RFS were both not reached during the follow-up. The estimated 2-year OS and RFS were 87.5% (95%CI, 58.6% to 96.7%) and 87.1% (95%CI, 57.3% to 96.6%), respectively. No patient discontinued the treatment for AEs. Discussion This study provides preliminary evidence for this novel combination therapy as the first-line induction therapy for young or older AML patients fit for IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA, United States,Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, the James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Zheng Ge,
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13
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Chen L, Zhang S, Li Q, Li J, Deng H, Zhang S, Meng R. Emerging role of Protein Kinase CK2 in Tumor immunity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1065027. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1065027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2, a conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase, is ubiquitous in cells and regulates various intracellular processes, especially in tumor cells. As one of the earliest discovered protein kinases in humans, CK2 plays a crucial role in phosphorylating or associating with hundreds of substrates to modulate several signaling pathways. Excellent reviews have reported that the overexpression of CK2 could be observed in many cancers and was closely associated with tumor occurrence and development. The elevation of CK2 is also an indicator of a poor prognosis. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the relationship between CK2 and tumor immunity. However, there is no comprehensive description of how CK2 regulates the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Also, the underlying mechanisms are still not very clear. In this review, we systematically summarized the correlation between CK2 and tumor immunity, primarily the effects on various immune cells, both in innate and adaptive immunity in the TME. With the comprehensive development of immunotherapy and the mounting transformation research of CK2 inhibitors from the bench to the clinic, this review will provide vital information to find new treatment options for enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Song X, He H, Zhang Y, Fan J, Wang L. Mechanisms of action of triptolide against colorectal cancer: insights from proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:3084-3104. [PMID: 35366242 PMCID: PMC9037262 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that also possesses anticancer activity, including against colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the most frequent cancers around the world. In order to clarify how triptolide may be effective against CRC, we analyzed the proteome and phosphoproteome of CRC cell line HCT116 after incubation for 48 h with the drug (40 nM) or vehicle. Tandem mass tagging led to the identification of 403 proteins whose levels increased and 559 whose levels decreased in the presence of triptolide. We also identified 3,110 sites in proteins that were phosphorylated at higher levels and 3,161 sites phosphorylated at lower levels in the presence of the drug. Analysis of these differentially expressed and/or phosphorylated proteins showed that they were enriched in pathways involving ribosome biogenesis, PI3K−Akt signaling, MAPK signaling, nucleic acid binding as well as other pathways. Protein–protein interactions were explored using the STRING database, and we identified nine protein modules and 15 hub proteins. Finally, we identified 57 motifs using motif analysis of phosphosites and found 16 motifs were experimentally verified for known protein kinases, while 41 appear to be novel. These findings may help clarify how triptolide works against CRC and may guide the development of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.,College of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jinke Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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15
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Xia R, Cheng Y, Han X, Wei Y, Wei X. Ikaros Proteins in Tumor: Current Perspectives and New Developments. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:788440. [PMID: 34950704 PMCID: PMC8689071 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.788440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ikaros is a zinc finger transcription factor (TF) of the Krüppel family member, which significantly regulates normal lymphopoiesis and tumorigenesis. Ikaros can directly initiate or suppress tumor suppressors or oncogenes, consequently regulating the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Over recent decades, a series of studies have been devoted to exploring and clarifying the relationship between Ikaros and associated tumors. Therapeutic strategies targeting Ikaros have shown promising therapeutic effects in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. Nevertheless, the increasingly prominent problem of drug resistance targeted to Ikaros and its analog is gradually appearing in our field of vision. This article reviews the role of Ikaros in tumorigenesis, the mechanism of drug resistance, the progress of targeting Ikaros in both pre-clinical and clinical trials, and the potential use of associated therapy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Xia
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Ye H, Fu D, Fang X, Xie Y, Zheng X, Fan W, Hu F, Li Z. Casein Kinase II exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis via promoting Th1 and Th17 cell inflammatory responses. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:1017-1024. [PMID: 34806506 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have demonstrated that CK2 is engaged in CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation. We investigated the potential involvement of CK2 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Peripheral blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (PBMC and SFMC) of RA patients, as well as splenocytes of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice were treated with different doses of CK2 inhibitor CX4945 in vitro. Then, the Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cell responses were analyzed. In addition, CIA mice were administrated with CX4945 via oral gavage. Accordingly, the arthritis scores, bone destruction, tissue damage, and the CD4+ T cell subsets were assessed. RESULTS The expression of CK2 was upregulated in CD4+ T cells under RA circumstance. In vitro CX4945 treatment significantly inhibited the Th1 and Th17 cell responses, while promoted the Th2 cell responses in RA patient PBMC, SFMC and CIA mouse splenocytes, dampening IFN-γ and IL-17A production. Moreover, administration of CX4945 ameliorated the severity of arthritis in CIA mice, along with decreased Th1 and Th17 cells. However, CX4945 seemed to have minimal effect on RA Treg cells. CONCLUSION CK2 serves as an important regulator of the Th1 and Th17 cell axes in RA, thus contributing to the disease aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China
| | - Dongdong Fu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyu Fang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (Bz0135), Peking, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China
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Inhibiting Casein Kinase 2 Sensitizes Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells to Venetoclax Via MCL1 Degradation. Blood Adv 2021; 5:5501-5506. [PMID: 34610112 PMCID: PMC8714730 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Ge Z, Song C, Ding Y, Tan BH, Desai D, Sharma A, Gowda R, Yue F, Huang S, Spiegelman V, Payne JL, Reeves ME, Iyer S, Dhanyamraju PK, Imamura Y, Bogush D, Bamme Y, Yang Y, Soliman M, Kane S, Dovat E, Schramm J, Hu T, McGrath M, Chroneos ZC, Payne KJ, Gowda C, Dovat S. Dual targeting of MTOR as a novel therapeutic approach for high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:1267-1278. [PMID: 33531656 PMCID: PMC8102195 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Children of Hispanic/Latino ancestry have increased incidence of high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR B-ALL) with poor prognosis. This leukemia is characterized by a single-copy deletion of the IKZF1 (IKAROS) tumor suppressor and increased activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This identifies mTOR as an attractive therapeutic target in HR B-ALL. Here, we report that IKAROS represses MTOR transcription and IKAROS' ability to repress MTOR in leukemia is impaired by oncogenic CK2 kinase. Treatment with the CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945, enhances IKAROS activity as a repressor of MTOR, resulting in reduced expression of MTOR in HR B-ALL. Thus, we designed a novel therapeutic approach that implements dual targeting of mTOR: direct inhibition of the mTOR protein (with rapamycin), in combination with IKAROS-mediated transcriptional repression of the MTOR gene (using the CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945). Combination treatment with rapamycin and CX-4945 shows synergistic therapeutic effects in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts from Hispanic/Latino children with HR B-ALL. These data suggest that such therapy has the potential to reduce the health disparity in HR B-ALL among Hispanic/Latino children. The dual targeting of oncogene transcription, combined with inhibition of the corresponding oncoprotein provides a paradigm for a novel precision medicine approach for treating hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ge
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Bi-Hua Tan
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Suming Huang
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Jonathon L Payne
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Loma Linda University College of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Loma Linda University College of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Yuka Imamura
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Daniel Bogush
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Bamme
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yiping Yang
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mario Soliman
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Shriya Kane
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Elanora Dovat
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Joseph Schramm
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Mary McGrath
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kimberly J Payne
- Loma Linda University College of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Gupta SK, Bakhshi S, Gupta R, Sharma P, Pushpam D, Sahoo RK, Kamal VK. IKZF1 Deletion Subtyping and Outcome Analysis in BCR-ABL1-Negative Pediatric B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Single-Institution Experience from North India. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2021; 21:e666-e673. [PMID: 33906825 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IKZF1 deletions are associated with adverse outcomes in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We assessed the prevalence and clinical impact of functional subtypes of IKZF1 deletions in pediatric BCR-ABL1-negative B-ALL. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study of IKZF1 deletions was done in cases of pediatric BCR-ABL1-negative B-ALL. The genomic DNA of cases, over a 53-month period, was analyzed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and multiplex fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. The deletions were divided into functional subgroups: (1) loss-of-function/haploinsufficiency, (2) dominant-negative, and (3) a combination of both types of deletion. The post-induction remission status, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) were noted. RESULTS Out of 320 cases, 47 (14.7%) had IKZF1 deletions. Thirty-six of the 47 (77%) had loss-of-function deletions, 10 (21%) had dominant-negative deletions, and one (2%) had a combination of both types. The post-induction remission rates in cases with loss-of-function deletions (22/30, 73%; P = .060) and dominant-negative deletions (4/5, 80%; P = .517) were lower compared with those without deletions (215/248, 86.7%). These cases also had worse median EFS: 21.1 months (P = .006) for loss-of-function and 15.4 months (P = .156) for dominant-negative deletions, compared with 46.4 months in cases without IKZF1 deletions. They also had worse median OS: 23.4 months (P = .012) for loss-of-function deletions and 15.7 months (P = .233) for dominant-negative deletions, compared with median not reached in cases without IKZF1 deletions. CONCLUSION The IKZF1 deletions were seen in 14.7% of BCR-ABL1-negative pediatric B-ALL. Most of these deletions (77%) were loss-of-function type. The cases with loss-of-function deletions had lower remission rates and poor EFS and OS compared with cases without IKZF1 deletions. A similar trend of poor outcome was seen in the few cases with dominant-negative IKZF1 deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Preity Sharma
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepam Pushpam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Kamal
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
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IKAROS and CK2 regulate expression of BCL-XL and chemosensitivity in high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2021; 136:1520-1534. [PMID: 32396934 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is an aggressive disease, often characterized by resistance to chemotherapy. A frequent feature of high-risk B-ALL is loss of function of the IKAROS (encoded by the IKZF1 gene) tumor suppressor. Here, we report that IKAROS regulates expression of the BCL2L1 gene (encodes the BCL-XL protein) in human B-ALL. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrate that IKAROS binds to the BCL2L1 promoter, recruits histone deacetylase HDAC1, and represses BCL2L1 expression via chromatin remodeling. In leukemia, IKAROS' function is impaired by oncogenic casein kinase II (CK2), which is overexpressed in B-ALL. Phosphorylation by CK2 reduces IKAROS binding and recruitment of HDAC1 to the BCL2L1 promoter. This results in a loss of IKAROS-mediated repression of BCL2L1 and increased expression of BCL-XL. Increased expression of BCL-XL and/or CK2, as well as reduced IKAROS expression, are associated with resistance to doxorubicin treatment. Molecular and pharmacological inhibition of CK2 with a specific inhibitor CX-4945, increases binding of IKAROS to the BCL2L1 promoter and enhances IKAROS-mediated repression of BCL2L1 in B-ALL. Treatment with CX-4945 increases sensitivity to doxorubicin in B-ALL, and reverses resistance to doxorubicin in multidrug-resistant B-ALL. Combination treatment with CX-4945 and doxorubicin show synergistic therapeutic effects in vitro and in preclinical models of high-risk B-ALL. Results reveal a novel signaling network that regulates chemoresistance in leukemia. These data lay the groundwork for clinical testing of a rationally designed, targeted therapy that combines the CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945, with doxorubicin for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies.
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de Barrios O, Parra M. Epigenetic Control of Infant B Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063127. [PMID: 33803872 PMCID: PMC8003172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is a highly aggressive malignancy, with poorer prognosis in infants than in adults. A genetic signature has been associated with this outcome but, remarkably, leukemogenesis is commonly triggered by genetic alterations of embryonic origin that involve the deregulation of chromatin remodelers. This review considers in depth how the alteration of epigenetic profiles (at DNA and histone levels) induces an aberrant phenotype in B lymphocyte progenitors by modulating the oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors involved in key cancer hallmarks. DNA methylation patterns have been widely studied in BCP-ALL and their correlation with survival has been established. However, the effect of methylation on histone residues can be very different. For instance, methyltransferase KMT2A gene participates in chromosomal rearrangements with several partners, imposing an altered pattern of methylated H3K4 and H3K79 residues, enhancing oncogene promoter activation, and conferring a worse outcome on affected infants. In parallel, acetylation processes provide an additional layer of epigenetic regulation and can alter the chromatin conformation, enabling the binding of regulatory factors. Therefore, an integrated knowledge of all epigenetic disorders is essential to understand the molecular basis of BCP-ALL and to identify novel entry points that can be exploited to improve therapeutic options and disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol de Barrios
- Correspondence: (O.d.B.); (M.P.); Tel.: +34-93-557-28-00 (ext. 4222) (O.d.B.); +34-93-557-28-00 (ext. 4210) (M.P.)
| | - Maribel Parra
- Correspondence: (O.d.B.); (M.P.); Tel.: +34-93-557-28-00 (ext. 4222) (O.d.B.); +34-93-557-28-00 (ext. 4210) (M.P.)
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22
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Klink M, Rahman MA, Song C, Dhanyamraju PK, Ehudin M, Ding Y, Steffens S, Bhadauria P, Iyer S, Aliaga C, Desai D, Huang S, Claxton D, Sharma A, Gowda C. Mechanistic Basis for In Vivo Therapeutic Efficacy of CK2 Inhibitor CX-4945 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051127. [PMID: 33807974 PMCID: PMC7975325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute Myeloid Leukemia is an aggressive disease with poor outcomes. New targeted therapies that can boost the effects of currently used chemotherapy medications without added toxicity are needed. Targeting an overactive kinase, called the protein Kinase CK2 in AML, helps leukemia cells undergo cell death and helps certain chemotherapy drugs work better. Here, we present evidence that CX-4945, a CK2 inhibitor drug, effectively kills leukemia cells in mouse models and shows the mechanism of action responsible for these effects. Leukemia cells are more sensitive to a decrease in CK2 kinase levels than normal cells. Our results show that inhibiting CK2 kinase makes AML cells more susceptible to anthracycline-induced cell death. Anthracyclines like daunorubicin and doxorubicin are widely used to treat leukemia in children and adults. A rational combination of protein kinase CK2 inhibitors with the standard of care chemotherapy may help treat AML more effectively. Abstract Protein Kinase CK2 (Casein Kinase 2 or CK2) is a constitutively active serine-threonine kinase overactive in human malignancies. Increased expression and activity of CK2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is associated with a poor outcome. CK2 promotes AML cell survival by impinging on multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. The selective small-molecule CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 has shown in vitro cytotoxicity in AML. Here, we report that CX-4945 has a strong in vivo therapeutic effect in preclinical models of AML. The analysis of genome-wide DNA-binding and gene expression in CX-4945 treated AML cells shows that one mechanism, by which CK2 inhibition exerts a therapeutic effect in AML, involves the revival of IKAROS tumor suppressor function. CK2 phosphorylates IKAROS and disrupts IKAROS’ transcriptional activity by impairing DNA-binding and association with chromatin modifiers. Here, we demonstrate that CK2 inhibition decreases IKAROS phosphorylation and restores IKAROS binding to DNA. Further functional experiments show that IKAROS negatively regulates the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes, including BCL-XL (B cell Lymphoma like–2 like 1, BCL2L1). CX-4945 restitutes the IKAROS-mediated repression of BCL-XL in vivo and sensitizes AML cells to apoptosis. Using CX-4945, alongside the cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drug daunorubicin, augments BCL-XL suppression and AML cell apoptosis. Overall, these results establish the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of CX-4945 in AML preclinical models and determine the role of CK2 and IKAROS in regulating apoptosis in AML. Furthermore, our study provides functional and mechanistic bases for the addition of CK2 inhibitors to AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgann Klink
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Mohammad Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Melanie Ehudin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Sadie Steffens
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Preeti Bhadauria
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago,Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Cesar Aliaga
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Suming Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
| | - David Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (C.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.K.); (M.A.R.); (C.S.); (P.K.D.); (M.E.); (Y.D.); (S.S.); (P.B.); (S.I.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 717-531-6012; Fax: 717-531-4789
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Targeting SHIP1 and SHIP2 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040890. [PMID: 33672717 PMCID: PMC7924360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphoinositol signaling pathways and their dysregulation have been shown to have a fundamental role in health and disease, respectively. The SH2-containing 5′ inositol phosphatases, SHIP1 and SHIP2, are regulators of the PI3K/AKT pathway that have crucial roles in cancer progression. This review aims to summarize the role of SHIP1 and SHIP2 in cancer signaling and the immune response to cancer, the discovery and use of SHIP inhibitors and agonists as possible cancer therapeutics. Abstract Membrane-anchored and soluble inositol phospholipid species are critical mediators of intracellular cell signaling cascades. Alterations in their normal production or degradation are implicated in the pathology of a number of disorders including cancer and pro-inflammatory conditions. The SH2-containing 5′ inositol phosphatases, SHIP1 and SHIP2, play a fundamental role in these processes by depleting PI(3,4,5)P3, but also by producing PI(3,4)P2 at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. With the intent of targeting SHIP1 or SHIP2 selectively, or both paralogs simultaneously, small molecule inhibitors and agonists have been developed and tested in vitro and in vivo over the last decade in various disease models. These studies have shown promising results in various pre-clinical models of disease including cancer and tumor immunotherapy. In this review the potential use of SHIP inhibitors in cancer is discussed with particular attention to the molecular structure, binding site and efficacy of these SHIP inhibitors.
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Dovat E, Song C, Hu T, Rahman MA, Dhanyamraju PK, Klink M, Bogush D, Soliman M, Kane S, McGrath M, Ding Y, Desai D, Sharma A, Gowda C. Transcriptional Regulation of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by IKAROS and Protein Kinase CK2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020819. [PMID: 33467550 PMCID: PMC7830534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IKAROS, encoded by the IKZF1 gene, is a DNA-binding protein that functions as a tumor suppressor in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Recent studies have identified IKAROS’s novel function in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in T-ALL and uncovered many genes that are likely to be directly regulated by IKAROS. Here, we report the transcriptional regulation of two genes, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD) and phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing (PIKFYVE), by IKAROS in T-ALL. PIK3CD encodes the protein p110δ subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The PI3K/AKT pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancers, including T-ALL. IKAROS binds to the promoter regions of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE and reduces their transcription in primary T-ALL. Functional analysis demonstrates that IKAROS functions as a transcriptional repressor of both PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a pro-oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in T-ALL. CK2 phosphorylates IKAROS, impairs IKAROS’s DNA-binding ability, and functions as a repressor of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. CK2 inhibition results in increased IKAROS binding to the promoters of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE and the transcriptional repression of both these genes. Overall, the presented data demonstrate for the first time that in T-ALL, CK2 hyperactivity contributes to PI3K signaling pathway upregulation, at least in part, through impaired IKAROS transcriptional regulation of PIK3CD and PIKFYVE. Targeting CK2 restores IKAROS’s regulatory effects on the PI3K oncogenic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elanora Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
- Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mohammad Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Morgann Klink
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Daniel Bogush
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shriya Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Mary McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (E.D.); (C.S.); (T.H.); (M.A.R.); (P.K.D.); (M.K.); (D.B.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-91-717-531-6012
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D'Amore C, Borgo C, Sarno S, Salvi M. Role of CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 in anti-cancer combination therapy - potential clinical relevance. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:1003-1016. [PMID: 33052585 PMCID: PMC7717057 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase CK2 inhibition has long been considered as an attractive anti-cancer strategy based on the following considerations: CK2 is a pro-survival kinase, it is frequently over-expressed in human tumours and its over-expression correlates with a worse prognosis. Preclinical evidence strongly supports the feasibility of this target and, although dozens of CK2 inhibitors have been described in the literature so far, CX-4945 (silmitasertib) was the first that entered into clinical trials for the treatment of both human haematological and solid tumours. However, kinase inhibitor monotherapies turned out to be effective only in a limited number of malignancies, probably due to the multifaceted causes that underlie them, supporting the emerging view that multi-targeted approaches to treat human tumours could be more effective. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we will address combined anti-cancer therapeutic strategies described so far which involve the use of CX-4945. Data from preclinical studies clearly show the ability of CX-4945 to synergistically cooperate with different classes of anti-neoplastic agents, thereby contributing to an orchestrated anti-tumour action against multiple targets. Overall, these promising outcomes support the translation of CX-4945 combined therapies into clinical anti-cancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D'Amore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Christian Borgo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Salvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Husain K, Williamson TT, Nelson N, Ghansah T. Protein kinase 2 (CK2): a potential regulator of immune cell development and function in cancer. Immunol Med 2020; 44:159-174. [PMID: 33164702 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1843267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2, formally known as casein kinase II, is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved serine/threonine or tyrosine kinase enzyme that regulates diverse signaling pathways responsible for cellular processes (i.e., cell proliferation and apoptosis) via interactions with over 500 known substrates. The enzyme's physiological interactions and cellular functions have been widely studied, most notably in the blood and solid malignancies. CK2 has intrinsic role in carcinogenesis as overexpression of CK2 subunits (α, α`, and β) and deregulation of its activity have been linked to various forms of cancers. CK2 also has extrinsic role in cancer stroma or in the tumor microenvironment (TME) including the immune cells. However, very few research studies have focused on extrinsic role of CK2 in regulating immune responses as a therapeutic alternative for cancer. The following review discusses CK2's regulation of key signaling events [Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), Cyclooygenase-2 (COX-2), Extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK), Notch, Protein kinase B/AKT, Ikaros and Wnt] that can influence the development and function of immune cells in cancer. Potential clinical trials using potent CK2 inhibitors will facilitate and improve the treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Husain
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tanika T Williamson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nadine Nelson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tomar Ghansah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Horvat L, Antica M, Matulić M. The Effect of Casein Kinase 2 Inhibition on three Leukemic Cell Lines. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190724111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that coregulates a great
number of signalling pathways in the cell. It is involved in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation,
apoptosis, DNA damage response and gene transcription. Its substrates are numerous kinases
and transcription factors. It was found to be upregulated in different tumours, and certain types of
leukaemia are very sensitive to its inhibition.
Objective::
We analysed the effects of casein kinase 2 inhibition on three leukaemia cell lines of B
and T cell origin: Jurkat, a T cell line, CLL, a chronic B lymphocytic leukaemia cell line and 697, a
pre-B acute lymphocytic leukaemia cell line. Besides cell proliferation and cytotoxicity analysis, the
aim was to investigate the influence of CK2 inhibition on elements of the Notch signalling pathway.
Notch signalling has an important role in blood cell differentiation, and CK2 regulates Ikaros, a
tumour suppressor interfering with Notch signalling
Methods::
and T leukaemia cells were treated with different concentrations of the CK2 inhibitor,
CX-4945, for 6 days, and cell viability and proliferation were determined by Trypan Blue Exclusion
Method. Analysis of gene expression was performed by RT-qPCR.
Results::
All three cell lines were sensitive to CK2 inhibition and among them, 697 cells had two
times lower IC50. In Jurkat and CLL cells changes in c-Myc and Notch pathway gene expression
were found.
Conclusion::
As CK2 is involved in numerous signalling circuits, we concluded that each cell type
could have a cell-specific response in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Horvat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mariastefania Antica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Matulić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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28
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Perera Y, Melão A, Ramón AC, Vázquez D, Ribeiro D, Perea SE, Barata JT. Clinical-Grade Peptide-Based Inhibition of CK2 Blocks Viability and Proliferation of T-ALL Cells and Counteracts IL-7 Stimulation and Stromal Support. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061377. [PMID: 32471246 PMCID: PMC7352628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), relapsed cases are still a major challenge. Moreover, even successful cases often face long-term treatment-associated toxicities. Targeted therapeutics may overcome these limitations. We have previously demonstrated that casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) posttranslational inactivation, and consequent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling hyperactivation, leads to increased T-ALL cell survival and proliferation. We also revealed the existence of a crosstalk between CK2 activity and the signaling mediated by interleukin 7 (IL-7), a critical leukemia-supportive cytokine. Here, we evaluated the impact of CIGB-300, a the clinical-grade peptide-based CK2 inhibitor CIGB-300 on T-ALL biology. We demonstrate that CIGB-300 decreases the viability and proliferation of T-ALL cell lines and diagnostic patient samples. Moreover, CIGB-300 overcomes IL-7-mediated T-ALL cell growth and viability, while preventing the positive effects of OP9-delta-like 1 (DL1) stromal support on leukemia cells. Signaling and pull-down experiments indicate that the CK2 substrate nucleophosmin 1 (B23/NPM1) and CK2 itself are the molecular targets for CIGB-300 in T-ALL cells. However, B23/NPM1 silencing only partially recapitulates the anti-leukemia effects of the peptide, suggesting that CIGB-300-mediated direct binding to CK2, and consequent CK2 inactivation, is the mechanism by which CIGB-300 downregulates PTEN S380 phosphorylation and inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In the context of IL-7 stimulation, CIGB-300 blocks janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in T-ALL cells. Altogether, our results strengthen the case for anti-CK2 therapeutic intervention in T-ALL, demonstrating that CIGB-300 (given its ability to circumvent the effects of pro-leukemic microenvironmental cues) may be a valid tool for clinical intervention in this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Perera
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.P.); (A.C.R.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Alice Melão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Ailyn C. Ramón
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.P.); (A.C.R.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Dania Vázquez
- Pharmacogenomics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Daniel Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.P.); (A.C.R.); (S.E.P.)
| | - João T. Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Vairy S, Tran TH. IKZF1 alterations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The good, the bad and the ugly. Blood Rev 2020; 44:100677. [PMID: 32245541 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics have deepened our understanding of the biology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), defined novel molecular leukemia subtypes, discovered new prognostic biomarkers and paved the way to emerging molecularly targeted therapeutic avenues. Since its discovery, IKZF1 has generated significant interest within the leukemia scientific community.IKZF1 plays a critical role in lymphoid development and its alterations cooperate to mediate leukemogenesis. IKZF1 alterations are present in approximately 15% of childhood ALL, rise in prevalence among adults with ALL and become highly enriched within kinase-driven ALL. A cumulating body of literature has highlighted the adverse prognostic impact of IKZF1 alterations in both Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative and Ph-driven ALL. IKZF1 alterations thus emerge as an important prognostic biomarker in ALL. This article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review focusing on the prognostic clinical relevance of IKZF1 alterations in ALL, as well as current and future therapeutic strategies targeting IKZF1-altered ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Vairy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thai Hoa Tran
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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The Current Genomic and Molecular Landscape of Philadelphia-like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062193. [PMID: 32235787 PMCID: PMC7139642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia (Ph)-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a high-risk B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) characterized by a gene expression profile similar to Ph-positive B-ALL but lacking the BCR-ABL1 translocation. The molecular pathogenesis of Ph-like B-ALL is heterogenous and involves aberrant genomics, receptor overexpression, kinase fusions, and mutations leading to kinase signaling activation, leukemogenic cellular proliferation, and differentiation blockade. Testing for the Ph-like signature, once only a research technique, is now available to the clinical oncologist. The plethora of data pointing to poor outcomes for this ALL subset has triggered investigations into the role of targeted therapies, predominantly involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are showing promising results.
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31
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Richter A, Sender S, Lenz A, Schwarz R, Hinz B, Knuebel G, Sekora A, Murua Escobar H, Junghanss C, Roolf C. Influence of Casein kinase II inhibitor CX-4945 on BCL6-mediated apoptotic signaling in B-ALL in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:184. [PMID: 32131762 PMCID: PMC7057698 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Casein kinase II (CK2) is involved in multiple tumor-relevant signaling pathways affecting proliferation and apoptosis. CK2 is frequently upregulated in acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and can be targeted by the ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor CX-4945. While reduced proliferation of tumor entities including B-ALL after CX-4945 incubation has been shown in vitro and in vivo, the detailed way of action is unknown. Here, we investigated the influence on the PI3K/AKT and apoptosis cascades in vivo and in vitro for further clarification. Methods A B-ALL xenograft model in NSG mice was used to perform in vivo longitudinal bioluminescence imaging during six day CX-4945 treatment. CX-4945 serum levels were determined at various time points. Flow cytometry of bone marrow and spleen cells was performed to analyze CX-4945-induced effects on tumor cell proliferation and distribution in B-ALL engrafted mice. ALL cells were enriched and characterized by targeted RNA sequencing. In vitro, B-ALL cell lines SEM, RS4;11 and NALM-6 were incubated with CX-4945 and gene expression of apoptosis regulators BCL6 and BACH2 was determined. Results In B-ALL-engrafted mice, overall tumor cell proliferation and distribution was not significantly influenced by CK2 inhibition. CX-4945 was detectable in serum during therapy and serum levels declined rapidly after cessation of CX-4945. While overall proliferation was not affected, early bone marrow and spleen blast frequencies seemed reduced after CK2 inhibition. Gene expression analyses revealed reduced expression of anti-apoptotic oncogene BCL6 in bone marrow blasts of CX-4945-treated animals. Further, BCL6 protein expression decreased in B-ALL cell lines exposed to CX-4945 in vitro. Surprisingly, levels of BCL6 opponent and tumor suppressor BACH2 also declined after prolonged incubation. Simultaneously, increased phosphorylation of direct CK2 target and tumor initiator AKT was detected at respective time points, even in initially pAKT-negative cell line NALM-6. Conclusions The CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 has limited clinical effects in an in vivo B-ALL xenograft model when applied as a single drug over a six day period. However, gene expression in B-ALL cells was altered and suggested effects on apoptosis via downregulation of BCL6. Unexpectedly, the BCL6 opponent BACH2 was also reduced. Interactions and regulation loops have to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richter
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sina Sender
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Annemarie Lenz
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rico Schwarz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gudrun Knuebel
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Sekora
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Catrin Roolf
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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32
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Regulation of Small GTPase Rab20 by Ikaros in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051718. [PMID: 32138279 PMCID: PMC7084408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ikaros is a DNA-binding protein that regulates gene expression and functions as a tumor suppressor in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The full cohort of Ikaros target genes have yet to be identified. Here, we demonstrate that Ikaros directly regulates expression of the small GTPase, Rab20. Using ChIP-seq and qChIP we assessed Ikaros binding and the epigenetic signature at the RAB20 promoter. Expression of Ikaros, CK2, and RAB20 was determined by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of Ikaros was achieved by retroviral transduction, whereas shRNA was used to knockdown Ikaros and CK2. Regulation of transcription from the RAB20 promoter was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that Ikaros binds the RAB20 promoter in B-ALL. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that Ikaros represses RAB20 transcription via chromatin remodeling. Phosphorylation by CK2 kinase reduces Ikaros’ affinity toward the RAB20 promoter and abolishes its ability to repress RAB20 transcription. Dephosphorylation by PP1 phosphatase enhances both Ikaros’ DNA-binding affinity toward the RAB20 promoter and RAB20 repression. In conclusion, the results demonstrated opposing effects of CK2 and PP1 on expression of Rab20 via control of Ikaros’ activity as a transcriptional regulator. A novel regulatory signaling network in B-cell leukemia that involves CK2, PP1, Ikaros, and Rab20 is identified.
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33
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Transcriptional Regulation of Genes by Ikaros Tumor Suppressor in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041377. [PMID: 32085659 PMCID: PMC7073093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of oncogenic gene expression by transcription factors that function as tumor suppressors is one of the major mechanisms that regulate leukemogenesis. Understanding this complex process is essential for explaining the pathogenesis of leukemia as well as developing targeted therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the role of Ikaros tumor suppressor and its role in regulation of gene transcription in acute leukemia. Ikaros (IKZF1) is a DNA-binding protein that functions as a master regulator of hematopoiesis and the immune system, as well as a tumor suppressor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Genetic alteration or functional inactivation of Ikaros results in the development of high-risk leukemia. Ikaros binds to the specific consensus binding motif at upstream regulatory elements of its target genes, recruits chromatin-remodeling complexes and activates or represses transcription via chromatin remodeling. Over the last twenty years, a large number of Ikaros target genes have been identified, and the role of Ikaros in the regulation of their expression provided insight into the mechanisms of Ikaros tumor suppressor function in leukemia. Here we summarize the role of Ikaros in the regulation of the expression of the genes whose function is critical for cellular proliferation, development, and progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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34
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Bastidas Torres AN, Cats D, Mei H, Fanoni D, Gliozzo J, Corti L, Paulli M, Vermeer MH, Willemze R, Berti E, Tensen CP. Whole-genome analysis uncovers recurrent IKZF1 inactivation and aberrant cell adhesion in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 59:295-308. [PMID: 31846142 PMCID: PMC7079160 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and highly aggressive hematological malignancy with a poorly understood pathobiology and no effective therapeutic options. Despite a few recurrent genetic defects (eg, single nucleotide changes, indels, large chromosomal aberrations) have been identified in BPDCN, none are disease‐specific, and more importantly, none explain its genesis or clinical behavior. In this study, we performed the first high resolution whole‐genome analysis of BPDCN with a special focus on structural genomic alterations by using whole‐genome sequencing and RNA sequencing. Our study, the first to characterize the landscape of genomic rearrangements and copy number alterations of BPDCN at nucleotide‐level resolution, revealed that IKZF1, a gene encoding a transcription factor required for the differentiation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors, is focally inactivated through recurrent structural alterations in this neoplasm. In concordance with the genomic data, transcriptome analysis revealed that conserved IKZF1 target genes display a loss‐of‐IKZF1 expression pattern. Furthermore, up‐regulation of cellular processes responsible for cell‐cell and cell‐ECM interactions, which is a hallmark of IKZF1 deficiency, was prominent in BPDCN. Our findings suggest that IKZF1 inactivation plays a central role in the pathobiology of the disease, and consequently, therapeutic approaches directed at reestablishing the function of this gene might be beneficial for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davy Cats
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Fanoni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Gliozzo
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Corti
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Paulli
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maarten H Vermeer
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rein Willemze
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emilio Berti
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cornelis P Tensen
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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35
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Gowda C, Song C, Ding Y, Iyer S, Dhanyamraju PK, McGrath M, Bamme Y, Soliman M, Kane S, Payne JL, Dovat S. Cellular signaling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100665. [PMID: 31623972 PMCID: PMC7239353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in normal regulation of gene expression is one of the key features of hematopoietic malignancies. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in these diseases, we dissected the role of the Ikaros protein in leukemia. Ikaros is a DNA-binding, zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional regulator and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. The use of ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq—coupled with functional experiments—revealed that Ikaros regulates both the global epigenomic landscape and epigenetic signature at promoter regions of its target genes. Casein kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in leukemia, directly phosphorylates Ikaros at multiple, evolutionarily-conserved residues. Phosphorylation of Ikaros impairs the protein's ability to regulate both the transcription of its target genes and global epigenetic landscape in leukemia. Treatment of leukemia cells with a specific inhibitor of CK2 restores Ikaros function, resulting in cytotoxicity of leukemia cells. Here, we review the mechanisms through which the CK2-Ikaros signaling axis regulates the global epigenomic landscape and expression of genes that control cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pavan K Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mary McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Bamme
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shriya Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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36
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Laying the foundation for genomically-based risk assessment in chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:1835-1850. [PMID: 31209280 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have substantially improved due to advances in drug development and rational treatment intervention strategies. Despite these significant advances there are still unanswered questions on patient management regarding how to more reliably predict treatment failure at the time of diagnosis and how to select frontline tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for optimal outcome. The BCR-ABL1 transcript level at diagnosis has no established prognostic impact and cannot guide frontline TKI selection. BCR-ABL1 mutations are detected in ~50% of TKI resistant patients but are rarely responsible for primary resistance. Other resistance mechanisms are largely uncharacterized and there are no other routine molecular testing strategies to facilitate the evaluation and further stratification of TKI resistance. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology has aided the management of a growing number of other malignancies, enabling the incorporation of somatic mutation profiles in diagnosis, classification, and prognostication. A largely unexplored area in CML research is whether expanded genomic analysis at diagnosis, resistance, and disease transformation can enhance patient management decisions, as has occurred for other cancers. The aim of this article is to review publications that reported mutated cancer-associated genes in CML patients at various disease phases. We discuss the frequency and type of such variants at initial diagnosis and at the time of treatment failure and transformation. Current limitations in the evaluation of mutants and recommendations for future reporting are outlined. The collective evaluation of mutational studies over more than a decade suggests a limited set of cancer-associated genes are indeed recurrently mutated in CML and some at a relatively high frequency. Genomic studies have the potential to lay the foundation for improved diagnostic risk classification according to clinical and genomic risk, and to enable more precise early identification of TKI resistance.
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37
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Han Q, Ma J, Gu Y, Song H, Kapadia M, Kawasawa YI, Dovat S, Song C, Ge Z. RAG1 high expression associated with IKZF1 dysfunction in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Cancer 2019; 10:3842-3850. [PMID: 31333801 PMCID: PMC6636280 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recombination mediated by recombination activating gene (RAG) is not only the dominant mutational process but also the predominant driver of oncogenic genomic rearrangement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It is further responsible for leukemic clonal evolution. In this study, significant RAG1 increase is observed in the subsets of B-ALL patients, and high expression of RAG1 is observed to be correlated with high proliferation markers. IKZF1-encoded protein, IKAROS, directly binds to the RAG1 promoter and regulates RAG1 expression in leukemic cells. CK2 inhibitor by increasing IKAROS activity significantly suppresses RAG1 expression in ALL in an IKAROS-dependent manner. Patients with IKZF1 deletion have significantly higher expression of RAG1 compared to that without IKZF1 deletion. CK2 inhibitor treatment also results in an increase in IKZF1 binding to the RAG1 promoter and suppression of RAG1 expression in primary ALL cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that RAG1 high expression is associated with high proliferation markers in B-ALL. Our data for the first time proved that RAG1 expression is directly suppressed by IKAROS. Our results also reveal drive oncogenesis of B-ALL is driven by high expression of RAG1 with IKAROS dysfunction together, which have significance in an integrated prognostic model for adult ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University,Nanjing 210009, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University,Nanjing 210009, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University,Nanjing 210009, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huihui Song
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University,Nanjing 210009, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA17033, USA
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Genome Sciences and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA17033, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA17033, USA
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University,Nanjing 210009, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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38
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Ding Y, Zhang B, Payne JL, Song C, Ge Z, Gowda C, Iyer S, Dhanyamraju PK, Dorsam G, Reeves ME, Desai D, Huang S, Payne KJ, Yue F, Dovat S. Ikaros tumor suppressor function includes induction of active enhancers and super-enhancers along with pioneering activity. Leukemia 2019; 33:2720-2731. [PMID: 31073152 PMCID: PMC6842075 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ikaros encodes a transcription factor that functions as a tumor suppressor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The mechanisms through which Ikaros regulates gene expression and cellular proliferation in T-ALL are unknown. Re-introduction of Ikaros into Ikaros-null T-ALL cells resulted in cessation of cellular proliferation and induction of T-cell differentiation. We performed dynamic, global, epigenomic and gene expression analyses to determine the mechanisms of Ikaros tumor suppressor activity. Our results identified novel Ikaros functions in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression: Ikaros directly regulates de novo formation and depletion of enhancers, de novo formation of active enhancers and activation of poised enhancers; Ikaros directly induces the formation of super-enhancers; and Ikaros demonstrates pioneering activity by directly regulating chromatin accessibility. Dynamic analyses demonstrate the long-lasting effects of Ikaros DNA binding on enhancer activation, de novo formation of enhancers and super-enhancers, and chromatin accessibility. Our results establish that Ikaros’ tumor suppressor function occurs via global regulation of the enhancer and super-enhancer landscape and through pioneering activity. Expression analysis identified a large number of novel signaling pathways that are directly regulated by Ikaros and Ikaros-induced enhancers, and that are responsible for the cessation of proliferation and induction of T-cell differentiation in T-ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Ding
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pavan K Dhanyamraju
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Glenn Dorsam
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Mark E Reeves
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Suming Huang
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly J Payne
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Depatment of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Ayón-Pérez MF, Pimentel-Gutiérrez HJ, Durán-Avelar MDJ, Vibanco-Pérez N, Pérez-Peraza VM, Pérez-González ÓA, Barrientos-Ríos R, Santillán-Ávila CF, Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Agraz-Cibrián JM, Gutiérrez-Franco J, Vázquez-Reyes A. IKZF1 Gene Deletion in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mexico. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 158:10-16. [DOI: 10.1159/000499641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The IKZF1 gene is formed by 8 exons and encodes IKAROS, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes that control cell cycle progression and cell survival. In general, 15-20% of the patients with preB acute lymphoblastic leukemia (preB ALL) harbor IKZF1 deletions, and the frequency of these deletions increases in BCR-ABL1 or Ph-like subgroups. These deletions have been associated with poor treatment response and the risk of relapse. The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the frequency of IKZF1 deletions and the success of an induction therapy response in Mexican pediatric patients diagnosed with preB ALL in 2 hospitals from 2017 to August 2018. Thirty-six bone marrow samples from patients at the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría in Mexico City and the Centro Estatal de Cancerología in Tepic were analyzed. The IKZF1 deletion was identified by MLPA using the SALSA MLPA P335 ALL-IKZF1 probemix. Deletions of at least 1 IKZF1 exon were observed in 7/34 samples (20.6%): 3 with 1 exon deleted; 1 with 2 exons, 1 with 5 exons, 1 with 6 exons, and 1 patient with a complete IKZF1 deletion. This study was descriptive in nature; we calculated the frequency of the IKZF1 gene deletion in a Mexican pediatric population with preB ALL as 20.6%.
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40
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Nicolae CM, O'Connor MJ, Schleicher EM, Song C, Gowda R, Robertson G, Dovat S, Moldovan GL. PARI (PARPBP) suppresses replication stress-induced myeloid differentiation in leukemia cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:5530-5540. [PMID: 30967629 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperproliferative cancer cells face increased replication stress, which can result in accumulation of DNA damage. As DNA damage can arrest proliferation, and, in the case of myeloid leukemia, induce differentiation of cancer cells, understanding the mechanisms that regulate the replication stress response is paramount. Here, we show that PARI, a replisome protein involved in regulating DNA repair and replication stress, suppresses differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. We show that PARI is overexpressed in myeloid leukemia cells, and its knockdown reduces leukemia cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo in xenograft mouse models. PARI depletion enhances replication stress and DNA-damage accumulation, coupled with increased myeloid differentiation. Mechanistically, we show that PARI inhibits activation of the NF-κB pathway, which can initiate p21-mediated differentiation and proliferation arrest. Finally, we show that PARI expression negatively correlates with expression of differentiation markers in clinical myeloid leukemia samples, suggesting that targeting PARI may restore differentiation ability of leukemia cells and antagonize their proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Nicolae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael J O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Emily M Schleicher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Gavin Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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41
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Richter A, Roolf C, Hamed M, Gladbach YS, Sender S, Konkolefski C, Knübel G, Sekora A, Fuellen G, Vollmar B, Murua Escobar H, Junghanss C. Combined Casein Kinase II inhibition and epigenetic modulation in acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:202. [PMID: 30841886 PMCID: PMC6404304 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a key regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway which is frequently altered in a variety of tumors including a subset of acute B-lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALL). While PTEN mutations and deletions are rare in B-ALL, promoter hypermethylation and posttranslational modifications are the main pathways of PTEN inactivation. Casein Kinase II (CK2) is often upregulated in B-ALL and phosphorylates both PTEN and DNA methyltransferase 3A, resulting in increased PI3K/AKT signaling and offering a potential mechanism for further regulation of tumor-related pathways. Methods Here, we evaluated the effects of CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 alone and in combination with hypomethylating agent decitabine on B-ALL proliferation and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. We further investigated if CX-4945 intensified decitabine-induced hypomethylation and identified aberrantly methylated biological processes after CK2 inhibition. In vivo tumor cell proliferation in cell line and patient derived xenografts was assessed by longitudinal full body bioluminescence imaging and peripheral blood flow cytometry of NSG mice. Results CX-4945 incubation resulted in CK2 inhibition and PI3K pathway downregulation thereby inducing apoptosis and anti-proliferative effects. CX-4945 further affected methylation patterns of tumor-related transcription factors and regulators of cellular metabolism. No overlap with decitabine-affected genes or processes was detected. Decitabine alone revealed only modest anti-proliferative effects on B-ALL cell lines, however, if combined with CX-4945 a synergistic inhibition was observed. In vivo assessment of CX-4945 in B-ALL cell line xenografts resulted in delayed proliferation of B-ALL cells. Combination with DEC further decelerated B-ALL expansion significantly and decreased infiltration in bone marrow and spleen. Effects in patient-derived xenografts all harboring a t(4;11) translocation were heterogeneous. Conclusions We herein demonstrate the anti-leukemic potential of CX-4945 in synergy with decitabine in vitro as well as in vivo identifying CK2 as a potentially targetable kinase in B-ALL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5411-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richter
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Catrin Roolf
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yvonne Saara Gladbach
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Sender
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Konkolefski
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gudrun Knübel
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Sekora
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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42
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Bhat A, Shah R, Bhat GR, Verma S, Sharma V, Sharma I, Pandita M, Bakshi D, Sharma B, Suri J, Kumar R. Association of ARID5B and IKZF1 Variants with Leukemia from Northern India. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:176-179. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bhat
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Human Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gh. Rasool Bhat
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sonali Verma
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Human Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Indu Sharma
- Human Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Monika Pandita
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Divya Bakshi
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhanu Sharma
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Jyotsna Suri
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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43
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Chen Q, Shi Y, Chen Y, Ji T, Li Y, Yu L. Multiple functions of Ikaros in hematological malignancies, solid tumor and autoimmune diseases. Gene 2019; 684:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Lian H, Su M, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Soomro SH, Fu H. Protein Kinase CK2, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Carcinoma Management. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:23-32. [PMID: 30677865 PMCID: PMC6485562 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Protein kinase CK2 (formerly known as casein kinase 2) is a highly conserved serine/ threonine kinase
overexpressed in various human carcinomas and its high expression often correlates with poor prognosis. CK2 protein
is localized in the nucleus of many tumor cells and correlates with clinical features in many cases. Increased expression
of CK2 in mice results in the development of various types of carcinomas (both solids and blood related tumors, such
as (breast carcinoma, lymphoma, etc), which reveals its carcinogenic properties. CK2 plays essential roles in many key
biological processes related to carcinoma, including cell apoptosis, DNA damage responses and cell cycle regulation.
CK2 has become a potential anti-carcinoma target. Various CK2 inhibitors have been developed with anti-neoplastic
properties against a variety of carcinomas. Some CK2 inhibitors have showed good results in in vitro and pre-clinical
models, and have even entered in clinical trials. This article will review effects of CK2 and its inhibitors on common
carcinomas in in vitro and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R, China.
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45
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Ge Z, Han Q, Gu Y, Ge Q, Ma J, Sloane J, Gao G, Payne KJ, Szekely L, Song C, Dovat S. Aberrant ARID5B expression and its association with Ikaros dysfunction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:84. [PMID: 30420689 PMCID: PMC6232140 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5B (ARID5B) are involved in the oncogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and treatment outcomes. However, ARID5B expression and clinical significance in ALL remain unclear. We found ARID5B is significantly down-regulated in ALL compared to healthy bone marrow controls. ARID5B also interacts with PHD finger protein 2 (PHF2). Low expression of ARID5B (ARID5Blow) or ARID5B and PHF2 (ARID5BlowPHF2low) is correlated with the markers of cell proliferation and poor prognosis in ALL patients. Ikaros directly regulates ARID5B expression in ALL. Restoring Ikaros function by Casein Kinase II inhibition also promotes ARID5B expression through recruitment of trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3) at its promoter region. In summary, our data show that aberrant expression of ARID5B and PHF2 is related to leukemic cell proliferation and several poor prognostic markers. Our data indicate ARID5Blow expression, particularly ARID5BlowPHF2low expression, is linked to Ikaros dysfunction and involved in the oncogenic effect of high-risk ALL, which may represent a high-risk subgroup of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China. .,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Institute of Hematology Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Justin Sloane
- Abington Hospital, Jefferson Health, Abington, PA, 19001, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA17033, USA
| | - Guofeng Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kimberly J Payne
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Laszlo Szekely
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Pathology and cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, L2:04, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chunhua Song
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA17033, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA17033, USA.
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46
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Genetic predisposition to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 14q11.2 is mediated by a CEBPE promoter polymorphism. Leukemia 2018; 33:1-14. [PMID: 29977016 PMCID: PMC6327050 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common paediatric malignancy. Genome-wide association studies have shown variation at 14q11.2 influences ALL risk. We sought to decipher causal variant(s) at 14q11.2 and the mechanism of tumorigenesis. We show rs2239630 G>A resides in the promoter of the CCAT enhancer-binding protein epsilon (CEBPE) gene. The rs2239630-A risk allele is associated with increased promotor activity and CEBPE expression. Depletion of CEBPE in ALL cells reduces cell growth, correspondingly CEBPE binds to the promoters of electron transport and energy generation genes. RNA-seq in CEBPE depleted cells demonstrates CEBPE regulates the expression of genes involved in B-cell development (IL7R), apoptosis (BCL2), and methotrexate resistance (RASS4L). CEBPE regulated genes significantly overlapped in CEBPE depleted cells, ALL blasts and IGH-CEBPE translocated ALL. This suggests CEBPE regulates a similar set of genes in each, consistent with a common biological mechanism of leukemogenesis for rs2239630 associated and CEBPE translocated ALL. Finally, we map IGH-CEBPE translocation breakpoints in two cases, implicating RAG recombinase activity in their formation.
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47
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Liang QX, Wang ZB, Lin F, Zhang CH, Sun HM, Zhou L, Zhou Q, Schatten H, Odile FC, Brigitte B, Sun QY, Qian WP. Ablation of beta subunit of protein kinase CK2 in mouse oocytes causes follicle atresia and premature ovarian failure. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:508. [PMID: 29725001 PMCID: PMC5938699 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF), a major cause of female infertility, is a complex disorder, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the disorder are only poorly understood. Here we report that protein kinase CK2 contributes to maintaining follicular survival through PI3K/AKT pathway and DNA damage response pathway. Targeted deletion of CK2β in mouse oocytes from the primordial follicle stage resulted in female infertility, which was attributed to POF incurring by massive follicle atresia. Downregulated PI3K/AKT signaling was found after CK2β deletion, indicated by reduced level of phosphorylated AKT (S473, T308, and S129) and altered AKT targets related to cell survival. Further studies discovered that CK2β-deficient oocytes showed enhanced γH2AX signals, indicative of accumulative unrepaired DSBs, which activated CHK2-dependant p53 and p63 signaling. The suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling and failed DNA damage response signaling probably contribute to large-scale oocyte loss and eventually POF. Our findings provide important new clues for elucidating the mechanisms underlying follicle atresia and POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Liang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Filhol-Cochet Odile
- INSERM U1036, Institute de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énerigies Alternatives Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei-Ping Qian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518036, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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48
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Abstract
Transcription factor IKZF1 (IKAROS) acts as a critical regulator of lymphoid differentiation and is frequently deleted or mutated in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. IKZF1 gene defects are associated with inferior treatment outcome in both childhood and adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and occur in more than 70% of BCR-ABL1-positive and BCR-ABL1-like cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Over the past few years, much has been learned about the tumor suppressive function of IKZF1 during leukemia development and the molecular pathways that relate to its impact on treatment outcome. In this review, we provide a concise overview on the role of IKZF1 during normal lymphopoiesis and the pathways that contribute to leukemia pathogenesis as a consequence of altered IKZF1 function. Furthermore, we discuss different mechanisms by which IKZF1 alterations impose therapy resistance on leukemic cells, including enhanced cell adhesion and modulation of glucocorticoid response.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Marke
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank N van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Blanca Scheijen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands .,Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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49
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Ge Z, Zhou X, Gu Y, Han Q, Li J, Chen B, Ge Q, Dovat E, Payne JL, Sun T, Song C, Dovat S. Ikaros regulation of the BCL6/BACH2 axis and its clinical relevance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8022-8034. [PMID: 28030830 PMCID: PMC5352379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a proto-oncogene that is highly expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). BTB and CNC Homology 1 Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor 2 (BACH2) is a suppressor of transcription. The BACH2-BCL6 balance controls selection at the pre-B cell receptor checkpoint by regulating p53 expression. However, the underlying mechanism and the clinical relevance of the BCL6/BACH2 axis are unknown. Here, we found that Ikaros, a tumor suppressor encoded by IKZF1, directly binds to both the BCL6 and BACH2 promoters where it suppresses BCL6 and promotes BACH2 expression in B-cell ALL (B-ALL) cells. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitors increase Ikaros function thereby inhibiting BCL6 and promoting BACH2 expression in an Ikaros-dependent manner. We also found that the expression of BCL6 is higher while BACH2 expression is lower in patients with B-ALL than normal bone marrow control. High BCL6 and low BACH2 expression is associated with high leukemic cell proliferation, unfavorable clinical and laboratory features, and inferior outcomes. Moreover, IKZF1 deletion is associated with high BCL6 and low BACH2 expression in B-ALL patients. CK2 inhibitors increase Ikaros binding to the promoter of BCL6 and BACH2 and suppress BCL6 while promoting BACH2 expression in the primary B-ALL cells. Our data indicates that Ikaros regulates expression of the BCL6/BACH2 axis in B-ALL. High BCL6 and low BACH2 expression are associated with Ikaros dysregulation and have a potential effect on the development of B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xilian Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Elanora Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.,Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- International Cooperative Leukemia Group and International Cooperative Laboratory of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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50
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Ge Z, Gu Y, Zhao G, Li J, Chen B, Han Q, Guo X, Liu J, Li H, Yu MD, Olson J, Steffens S, Payne KJ, Song C, Dovat S. High CRLF2 expression associates with IKZF1 dysfunction in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia without CRLF2 rearrangement. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49722-49732. [PMID: 27391346 PMCID: PMC5226542 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2) due to chromosomal rearrangement has been observed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and reported to contribute to oncogenesis and unfavorable outcome in ALL. We studied B-ALL and T-ALL patients without CRLF2 rearrangement and observed that CRLF2 is significantly increased in a subset of these patients. Our study shows that high CRLF2expression correlates with high-risk ALL markers, as well as poor survival. We found that the IKZF1-encoded protein, Ikaros, directly binds to the CRLF2 promoter and regulates CRLF2 expression in leukemia cells. CK2 inhibitor, which can increase Ikaros activity, significantly increases Ikaros binding in ALL cells and suppresses CRLF2 expression in an Ikaros-dependent manner. CRLF2 expression is significantly higher in patients with IKZF1 deletion as compared to patients without IKZF1 deletion. Treatment with CK2 inhibitor also results in an increase in IKZF1 binding to the CRLF2 promoter and suppression of CRLF2 expression in primary ALL cells. We further observed that CK2 inhibitor induces increased H3K9me3 histone modifications in the CRLF2 promoter in ALL cell lines and primary cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that high expression of CRLF2 correlates with high-risk ALL and short survival in patients without CRLF2 rearrangement. Our results are the first to demonstrate that the IKZF1-encoded Ikaros protein directly suppresses CRLF2 expression through enrichment of H3K9me3 in its promoter region. Our data also suggest that high CRLF2 expression works with the IKZF1 deletion to drive oncogenesis of ALL and has significance in an integrated prognostic model for adult high-risk ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael D Yu
- Sydney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107 USA
| | - Justin Olson
- University of Wisconsin at Stout, Menomonie, WI, 54751, USA
| | - Sadie Steffens
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kimberly J Payne
- Loma Linda University, Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University Medical College, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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