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Zhang R, Chen S, Luo T, Guo S, Qu J. Activated Tim-3/Galectin-9 participated in the development of multiple myeloma by negatively regulating CD4 T cells. Hematology 2024; 29:2288481. [PMID: 38108336 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2023.2288481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between Tim-3 on T cells and its ligand Galectin-9 negatively regulates the cellular immune response. However, the regulation of Tim-3/Galectin-9 on CD4 T cell subsets in multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the regulation of CD4 T cell subsets by the Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway and clinical prognostic indicators in MM. Tim-3/Galectin-9 were detected by flow cytometry, PCR and ELISA in 60 MM patients and 40 healthy controls, and its correlation with clinical prognostic parameters was analyzed. The expressions of Tim-3 on CD4 T cells, Galectin-9 mRNA in PBMC and level of Galectin-9 protein in serum were significantly elevated in MM patients, especially those with poor prognostic indicators. In MM patients, Tim-3 was highly expressed on the surfaces of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, but lowly expressed on Treg. Moreover, level of cytokine IFN-γ in serum was negatively correlated with Tim-3+Th1 cell and Galectin-9mRNA, Galectin-9 protein level. In addition, cell culture experiments showed that the anti-tumor effect and the ability to secrete IFN-γ were restored by blocking the Tim-3/Galectin-9 pathway. In MM patients, Tim-3/Galectin-9 is elevated and associated with disease progression, by inhibiting the cytotoxic function of Th1, and also promoting Th2 and Th17 to be involved in immune escape of MM. Therefore, Tim-3/Galectin-9 may serve as a new immunotherapeutic target for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Guo
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Cui J, Li X, Deng S, Du C, Fan H, Yan W, Xu J, Li X, Yu T, Zhang S, Lv R, Sui W, Hao M, Du X, Xu Y, Yi S, Zou D, Cheng T, Qiu L, Gao X, An G. Identification of Therapy-Induced Clonal Evolution and Resistance Pathways in Minimal Residual Clones in Multiple Myeloma through Single-Cell Sequencing. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:3919-3936. [PMID: 38900040 PMCID: PMC11369626 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In multiple myeloma (MM), therapy-induced clonal evolution is associated with treatment resistance and is one of the most important hindrances toward a cure for MM. To further understand the molecular mechanisms controlling the clonal evolution of MM, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to paired diagnostic and posttreatment bone marrow (BM) samples. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN scRNA-seq was performed on 38 BM samples from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (n = 1), MM patients at diagnosis (n = 19), MM posttreatment (n = 17), and one healthy donor (HD). The single-cell transcriptome data of malignant plasma cells (PC) and the surrounding immune microenvironment were analyzed. RESULTS Profiling by scRNA-seq data revealed three primary trajectories of transcriptional evolution after treatment: clonal elimination in patients with undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD-) and clonal stabilization and clonal selection in detectable MRD (MRD+) patients. We noted a metabolic shift toward fatty acid oxidation in cycling-resistant PCs, whereas selective PCs favored the NF-κB pathway. Intriguingly, when comparing the genetic and transcriptional dynamics, we found a significant correlation between genetic and nongenetic factors in driving the clonal evolution. Furthermore, we identified variations in cellular interactions between malignant PCs and the tumor microenvironment. Selective PCs showed the most robust cellular interactions with the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that MM cells could rapidly adapt to induction treatment through transcriptional adaptation, metabolic adaptation, and specialized immune evasion. Targeting therapy-induced resistance mechanisms may help to avert refractory disease in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuhui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Chenxing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Huishou Fan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tengteng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Rui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Weiwei Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Mu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xin Du
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shuhua Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Dehui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lugui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
- Institute of Multiple Myeloma, Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Gang An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China.
- Institute of Multiple Myeloma, Beijing GoBroad Boren Hospital, Beijing, China.
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3
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Liu Y, Chen H, Chen T, Qiu G, Han Y. The emerging role of osteoclasts in the treatment of bone metastases: rationale and recent clinical evidence. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1445025. [PMID: 39148909 PMCID: PMC11324560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1445025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of bone metastasis is a grave medical concern that substantially impacts the quality of life in patients with cancer. The precise mechanisms underlying bone metastasis remain unclear despite extensive research efforts, and efficacious therapeutic interventions are currently lacking. The ability of osteoclasts to degrade the bone matrix makes them a crucial factor in the development of bone metastasis. Osteoclasts are implicated in several aspects of bone metastasis, encompassing the formation of premetastatic microenvironment, suppression of the immune system, and reactivation of quiescent tumor cells. Contemporary clinical interventions targeting osteoclasts have proven effective in mitigating bone-related symptoms in patients with cancer. This review comprehensively analyzes the mechanistic involvement of osteoclasts in bone metastasis, delineates potential therapeutic targets associated with osteoclasts, and explores clinical evidence regarding interventions targeting osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Huanshi Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Guowen Qiu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Lu K, Wang W, Liu Y, Xie C, Liu J, Xing L. Advancements in microenvironment-based therapies: transforming the landscape of multiple myeloma treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1413494. [PMID: 39087026 PMCID: PMC11288838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1413494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most prevalent malignant monoclonal disease of plasma cells. There is mounting evidence that interactions with the bone marrow (BM) niche are essential for the differentiation, proliferation, survival, migration, and treatment resistance of myeloma cells. For this reason, gaining a deeper comprehension of how BM microenvironment compartments interact with myeloma cells may inspire new therapeutic ideas that enhance patient outcomes. This review will concentrate on the most recent findings regarding the mechanisms of interaction between microenvironment and MM and highlight research on treatment targeting the BM niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Department of Lymphoma, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuntong Liu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Respiratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiye Liu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lijie Xing
- Department of Lymphoma, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
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5
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Amanya SB, Oyewole-Said D, Ernste KJ, Bisht N, Murthy A, Vazquez-Perez J, Konduri V, Decker WK. The mARS complex: a critical mediator of immune regulation and homeostasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1423510. [PMID: 38975338 PMCID: PMC11224427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1423510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the course of evolution, many proteins have undergone adaptive structural changes to meet the increasing homeostatic regulatory demands of multicellularity. Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS), enzymes that catalyze the attachment of each amino acid to its cognate tRNA, are such proteins that have acquired new domains and motifs that enable non-canonical functions. Through these new domains and motifs, aaRS can assemble into large, multi-subunit complexes that enhance the efficiency of many biological functions. Moreover, because the complexity of multi-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (mARS) complexes increases with the corresponding complexity of higher eukaryotes, a contribution to regulation of homeostatic functions in multicellular organisms is hypothesized. While mARS complexes in lower eukaryotes may enhance efficiency of aminoacylation, little evidence exists to support a similar role in chordates or other higher eukaryotes. Rather, mARS complexes are reported to regulate multiple and variegated cellular processes that include angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, anaphylaxis, and metabolism. Because all such processes are critical components of immune homeostasis, it is important to understand the role of mARS complexes in immune regulation. Here we provide a conceptual analysis of the current understanding of mARS complex dynamics and emerging mARS complex roles in immune regulation, the increased understanding of which should reveal therapeutic targets in immunity and immune-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Bright Amanya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Damilola Oyewole-Said
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keenan J. Ernste
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nalini Bisht
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arnav Murthy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Vazquez-Perez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vanaja Konduri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William K. Decker
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Xue HY, Wei F. TGF-β: an active participant in the immune and metabolic microenvironment of multiple myeloma : TGF-β in the microenvironment of multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05843-4. [PMID: 38900304 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Although substantial quantities of potent therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) have been established, MM remains an incurable disease. In recent years, our understanding of the initiation, development, and metastasis of cancers has made a qualitative leap. Cancers attain the abilities to maintain proliferation signals, escape growth inhibitors, resist cell death, induce angiogenesis, and more importantly, escape anti-tumor immunity and reprogram metabolism, which are the hallmarks of cancers. Besides, different cancers have different tumor microenvironments (TME), thus, we pay more attention to the TME in the pathogenesis of MM. Many researchers have identified that myeloma cells interact with the components of TME, which is beneficial for their survival, ultimately causing the formation of immunosuppressive and high-metabolism TME. In the process, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), as a pivotal cytokine in the TME, controls various cells' fates and influences numerous metabolic pathways, including inhibiting immune cells to infiltrate the tumors, suppressing the activation of anti-tumor immune cells, facilitating more immunosuppressive cells, enhancing glucose and glutamine metabolism, dysregulating bone metabolism and so on. Thus, we consider TGF-β as the tumor promoter. However, in healthy cells and the early stage of tumors, it functions as a tumor suppressor. Due to the effect of context dependence, TGF-β has dual roles in TME, which attracts us to further explore whether targeting it can overcome obstacles in the treatment of MM by regulating the progression of myeloma, molecular mechanisms of drug resistance, and various signaling pathways in the immune and metabolic microenvironment. In this review, we predominantly discuss that TGF-β promotes the development of MM by influencing immunity and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue Xue
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 Jiefang South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Hagos YB, Lecat CS, Patel D, Mikolajczak A, Castillo SP, Lyon EJ, Foster K, Tran TA, Lee LS, Rodriguez-Justo M, Yong KL, Yuan Y. Deep Learning Enables Spatial Mapping of the Mosaic Microenvironment of Myeloma Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsies. Cancer Res 2024; 84:493-508. [PMID: 37963212 PMCID: PMC10831337 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow trephine biopsy is crucial for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. However, the complexity of bone marrow cellular, morphologic, and spatial architecture preserved in trephine samples hinders comprehensive evaluation. To dissect the diverse cellular communities and mosaic tissue habitats, we developed a superpixel-inspired deep learning method (MoSaicNet) that adapts to complex tissue architectures and a cell imbalance aware deep learning pipeline (AwareNet) to enable accurate detection and classification of rare cell types in multiplex immunohistochemistry images. MoSaicNet and AwareNet achieved an AUC of >0.98 for tissue and cellular classification on separate test datasets. Application of MoSaicNet and AwareNet enabled investigation of bone heterogeneity and thickness as well as spatial histology analysis of bone marrow trephine samples from monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS) and from paired newly diagnosed and posttreatment multiple myeloma. The most significant difference between MGUS and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) samples was not related to cell density but to spatial heterogeneity, with reduced spatial proximity of BLIMP1+ tumor cells to CD8+ cells in MGUS compared with NDMM samples. Following treatment of patients with multiple myeloma, there was a reduction in the density of BLIMP1+ tumor cells, effector CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells, indicative of an altered immune microenvironment. Finally, bone heterogeneity decreased following treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. In summary, deep learning-based spatial mapping of bone marrow trephine biopsies can provide insights into the cellular topography of the myeloma marrow microenvironment and complement aspirate-based techniques. SIGNIFICANCE Spatial analysis of bone marrow trephine biopsies using histology, deep learning, and tailored algorithms reveals the bone marrow architectural heterogeneity and evolution during myeloma progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeman Brhane Hagos
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine S.Y. Lecat
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Patel
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Mikolajczak
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P. Castillo
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Lyon
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kane Foster
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thien-An Tran
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia S.H. Lee
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Justo
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kwee L. Yong
- Research Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer and Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Li HF, Zhu N, Wu JJ, Shi YN, Gu J, Qin L. Celastrol Elicits Antitumor Effects through Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death and Downregulating PD-L1 in ccRCC. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1265-1278. [PMID: 38584553 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128288970240321073436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting immunogenic cell death (ICD) is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. However, the commonly identified ICD inducers promote the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells, thus aiding them to evade the recognition and killing by the immune system. Therefore, the finding of novel ICD inducers to avoid enhanced PD-L1 expression is of vital significance for cancer therapy. Celastrol (CeT), a triterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F induces various forms of cell death to exert anti-cancer effects, which may make celastrol an attractive candidate as an inducer of ICD. METHODS In the present study, bioinformatics analysis was combined with experimental validation to explore the underlying mechanism by which CeT induces ICD and regulates PD-L1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). RESULTS The results showed that EGFR, IKBKB, PRKCQ and MAPK1 were the crucial targets for CeT-induced ICD, and only MAPK1 was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients. In addition, CeT triggered autophagy and up-regulated the expressions of HMGB1 and CRT to induce ICD in 786-O cells in vitro. Importantly, CeT can down-regulate PD-L1 expression through activating autophagy. At the molecular level, CeT suppressed PD-L1 via the inhibition of MAPK1 expression. Immunologically, the core target of celastrol, MAPK1, was tightly correlated with CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells in ccRCC. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that CeT not only induces ICD but also suppresses PD-L1 by down-regulating MAPK1 expression, which will provide an attractive strategy for ccRCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and its Application, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and its Application, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and its Application, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and its Application, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
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9
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Wu B, Chen M, Meng L, Tian Q, Dong Z. Osteoclasts Link Dysregulated Peripheral Degradation Processes and Accelerated Progression in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:773-785. [PMID: 38701149 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background The amyloid-β (Aβ) enhances the number and activity of blood monocyte-derived osteoclasts (OCs). Individuals with osteoporosis (OP) face an increased risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite this association, the contribution of bone-resorbing OCs to the progression of AD pathology remains unclear. Objective Our objective was to investigate the potential impacts of OCs on the development of AD pathology. Methods We conducted targeted analysis of publicly available whole blood transcriptomes from patients with AD to characterize the blood molecular signatures and pathways associated with hyperactive OCs. In addition, we used APP23 transgenic (APP23 TG) AD mouse model to assess the effects of OCs pharmacological blockade on AD pathology and behavior. Results Patients with AD exhibited increased osteoclastogenesis signature in their blood cells, which appears to be positively correlated with dysfunction of peripheral clearance of Aβ mediated by immune cells. Long-term anti-resorptive intervention with Alendronate inhibited OC activity in APP23 mice, leading to improvements in peripheral monocyte Aβ-degrading enzyme expression, Aβ-deposition, and memory decline. Conclusions Our findings suggest that OCs have a disease-promoting role in the development and progression of AD, possibly linked to their modulation of peripheral immunity. These findings guide future research to further elucidate the connection between OP and AD pathogenesis, highlighting the potential benefits of preventing OP in alleviating cognitive burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Growth, Development, and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence Center, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mulan Chen
- Growth, Development, and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence Center, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyun Tian
- Growth, Development, and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence Center, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifang Dong
- Growth, Development, and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence Center, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Yang S, He Z, Wu T, Wang S, Dai H. Glycobiology in osteoclast differentiation and function. Bone Res 2023; 11:55. [PMID: 37884496 PMCID: PMC10603120 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans, either alone or in complex with glycan-binding proteins, are essential structures that can regulate cell biology by mediating protein stability or receptor dimerization under physiological and pathological conditions. Certain glycans are ligands for lectins, which are carbohydrate-specific receptors. Bone is a complex tissue that provides mechanical support for muscles and joints, and the regulation of bone mass in mammals is governed by complex interplay between bone-forming cells, called osteoblasts, and bone-resorbing cells, called osteoclasts. Bone erosion occurs when bone resorption notably exceeds bone formation. Osteoclasts may be activated during cancer, leading to a range of symptoms, including bone pain, fracture, and spinal cord compression. Our understanding of the role of protein glycosylation in cells and tissues involved in osteoclastogenesis suggests that glycosylation-based treatments can be used in the management of diseases. The aims of this review are to clarify the process of bone resorption and investigate the signaling pathways mediated by glycosylation and their roles in osteoclast biology. Moreover, we aim to outline how the lessons learned about these approaches are paving the way for future glycobiology-focused therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufa Yang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Ziyi He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tuo Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shunlei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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11
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Liu J, Xie F, Yi ZG, Ma T, Tie WT, Li YH, Bai J, Zhang LS. Gut microbiota deficiency ameliorates multiple myeloma and myeloma-related bone disease by Th17 cells in mice models. J Cancer 2023; 14:3191-3202. [PMID: 37928417 PMCID: PMC10622987 DOI: 10.7150/jca.88799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Multiple myeloma, the second most common hematological tumor, is currently incurable. Multiple myeloma-related bone disease is a characteristic clinical symptom that seriously affects the survival and prognosis of patients. In recent years, gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the occurrence and development of multiple myeloma. However, whether and how it affects the development of myelomatous bone disease is unclear. Methods: To investigate the mechanism and influence of the microbiota on multiple myeloma and myeloma bone disease, a myeloma-gut microbiota deletion mice model was established. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analysis of bacterial flora changes. Histochemical staining and bone micro-CT were used to assess the severity of bone disease. Bone marrow tumor load and spleen Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results: Histochemical staining revealed a reduced tumor burden after eliminating gut microbial communities in mice by administering a mixture of antibiotics. According to the 16S rRNA sequencing of intestinal contents, antibiotic treatment resulted in a significant change in the microbiota of the mice. Bone micro-CT demonstrated that antibiotic treatment could reduce bone lesions caused by myeloma while increasing mineral density, bone volume fraction, trabecular bone thickness, and trabecular number. Meanwhile, histochemical staining of the bone found that the enhanced bone resorption was weakened by the change of flora. These results were consistent with the concentration of IL17 in serum and the frequency of Th17 cells in spleen. Conclusions: Herein, the effects of the gut microbiome on myeloma bone disease are investigated for the first time, providing new insight into its pathogenesis and suggesting that gut microbiota may serve as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma-associated bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lian-sheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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12
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Zhang WZ, Chen LL, Yang S, Zhong YT, Lu X, Wang Y, Wang ZB, Tu Y. Clinical characterization of EFHD2 (swiprosin-1) in Glioma-associated macrophages and its role in regulation of immunosuppression. Genomics 2023; 115:110702. [PMID: 37673235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma has been extensively studied due to its high mortality and short survival. The evolution mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to Glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains to be elucidated. The tumor cell-to-cell interaction patterns have not been well defined yet. The EF-Hand Domain Family Member D2 (EFHD2) has been reported to be differentially expressed as an immunomodulatory molecule in a variety of cancers. But large-scale clinical data from multiple ethnic communities have not been used to investigate the role of EFHD2 in glioma. RNA-seq data from 313 or 657 glioma patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database and 603 glioma patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed retrospectively. Cell localization was performed using single-cell sequencing data from the CGGA database and the GSE131928 dataset. Mouse glioma cell lines and primary macrophages isolated from Efhd2 knockout mice were co-cultured to validate the immunomodulatory effects of EFHD2 on macrophages and the remodeling of TME of glioblastoma. EFHD2 is enriched in high-grade gliomas, isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type, and 1p/19q non-co-deficient gliomas. It is a potential biomarker of glioma-proneuronal subtypes and an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with malignant glioblastoma. EFHD2 regulates the monocyte-macrophage system function and positively correlates with immunosuppressive checkpoints. Further experimental data demonstrates that Efhd2 influences the polarization state of GAMs and inhibits the secretion of TGF-β1. In vitro experiments have revealed that macrophages lacking Efhd2 suppress the vitality of two glioma cell lines and decelerate the growth of glioma xenografts. In conclusion, EFHD2 promises to be a key target for TME-related immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi-Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Anesthesiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ye Tu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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13
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Isoda A, Miyazawa Y, Ishikawa T, Kanaya S, Nakayama K, Mihara M, Iriuchishima H, Saito A, Matsumoto M, Sawamura M. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of vitamin D deficiency among Japanese multiple myeloma patients: a single-center observational study. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:547. [PMID: 37656213 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal metabolism and holds significant importance in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Japanese MM patients and its correlation with clinical outcomes. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were assessed in 68 MM patients at a single institution in Japan, analyzing their association with clinical status, laboratory parameters including procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) scores, and overall survival. Additionally, patients with suboptimal 25(OH)D levels received cholecalciferol supplementation (1000 IU/day), and changes in laboratory parameters were monitored. RESULTS The median 25(OH)D level was 22 ng/ml, with 32% and 51% of patients exhibiting vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml) and insufficiency (20-29 ng/ml), respectively. The 25(OH)D levels were unrelated to sex, age, MM stage, or bone lesions, but the vitamin D-deficient group showed a tendency towards lower HR-QOL scores. Among patients achieving complete remission, vitamin D supplementation increased P1NP, while TRACP-5b remained unchanged. Overall survivals from vitamin D measurement and from MM diagnosis were significantly worse in the vitamin D-deficient group compared to the vitamin D-insufficient/-sufficient group. CONCLUSION The study identified a considerable number of Japanese MM patients with insufficient serum vitamin D levels, with one-third being deficient. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency predicted poor overall survival in Japanese MM patients. Further investigation is required to determine whether vitamin D supplementation can improve the frailty and survival of vitamin D-deficient MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Isoda
- Department of Hematology, Iryohojin Hoshiiin, 204-1 Nishizen-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 379-2131, Japan.
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Yuri Miyazawa
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kanaya
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keita Nakayama
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mihara
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hirono Iriuchishima
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akio Saito
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Morio Sawamura
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
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14
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Hoang Dong N, Audrey L, Leopold MN, Javier M, Hugues A, Luigi B, Gilles B, Scott MS, Sophie R. Osteoclast microRNA Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis to Capture the Erosive Factor. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10776. [PMID: 37614303 PMCID: PMC10443079 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), only a subset of patients develop irreversible bone destruction. Our aim was to identify a microRNA (miR)-based osteoclast-related signature predictive of erosiveness in RA. Seventy-six adults with erosive (E) or nonerosive (NE) seropositive RA and 43 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Twenty-five miRs from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived osteoclasts selected from RNA-Seq (discovery cohort) were assessed by qPCR (replication cohort), as were 33 target genes (direct targets or associated with regulated pathways). The top five miRs found differentially expressed in RA osteoclasts were either decreased (hsa-miR-34a-3p, 365b-3p, 374a-3p, and 511-3p [E versus NE]) or increased (hsa-miR-193b-3p [E versus controls]). In vitro, inhibition of miR-34a-3p had an impact on osteoclast bone resorption. An integrative network analysis of miRs and their targets highlighted correlations between mRNA and miR expression, both negative (CD38, CD80, SIRT1) and positive (MITF), and differential gene expression between NE versus E (GXYLT1, MITF) or versus controls (CD38, KLF4). Machine-learning models were used to evaluate the value of miRs and target genes, in combination with clinical data, to predict erosion. One model, including a set of miRs (predominantly 365b-3p) combined with rheumatoid factor titer, provided 70% accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.66). Adding genes directly targeted or belonging to related pathways improved the predictive power of the model for the erosive phenotype (78% accuracy, AUC 0.85). This proof-of-concept study indicates that identification of RA subjects at risk of erosions may be improved by studying miR expression in PBMC-derived osteoclasts, suggesting novel approaches toward personalized treatment. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Lortie Audrey
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Mbous Nguimbus Leopold
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Marrugo Javier
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Allard‐Chamard Hugues
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Bouchard Luigi
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
- Department of Medical BiologyCIUSS du Saguenay‐Lac‐Saint‐Jean Hôpital Universitaire de ChicoutimiSaguenayCanada
| | - Boire Gilles
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional GenomicsUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
| | - Roux Sophie
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Sherbrooke and Research Centre of the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CIUSSSE‐CHUS)SherbrookeCanada
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15
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Wong S, Hamidi H, Costa LJ, Bekri S, Neparidze N, Vij R, Nielsen TG, Raval A, Sareen R, Wassner-Fritsch E, Cho HJ. Multi-omic analysis of the tumor microenvironment shows clinical correlations in Ph1 study of atezolizumab +/- SoC in MM. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085893. [PMID: 37559718 PMCID: PMC10408441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable, and treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease is challenging. There is an unmet need for more targeted therapies in this setting; deep cellular and molecular phenotyping of the tumor and microenvironment in MM could help guide such therapies. This phase 1b study (NCT02431208) evaluated the safety and efficacy of the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 monoclonal antibody atezolizumab (Atezo) alone or in combination with the standard of care (SoC) treatments lenalidomide (Len) or pomalidomide (Pom) and/or daratumumab (Dara) in patients with R/R MM. Study endpoints included incidence of adverse events (AEs) and overall response rate (ORR). A novel unsupervised integrative multi-omic analysis was performed using RNA sequencing, mass cytometry immunophenotyping, and proteomic profiling of baseline and on-treatment bone marrow samples from patients receiving Atezo monotherapy or Atezo+Dara. A similarity network fusion (SNF) algorithm was applied to preprocessed data. Eighty-five patients were enrolled. Treatment-emergent deaths occurred in 2 patients; both deaths were considered unrelated to study treatment. ORRs ranged from 11.1% (Atezo+Len cohorts, n=18) to 83.3% (Atezo+Dara+Pom cohort, n=6). High-dimensional multi-omic profiling of the tumor microenvironment and integrative SNF analysis revealed novel correlations between cellular and molecular features of the tumor and immune microenvironment, patient selection criteria, and clinical outcome. Atezo monotherapy and SoC combinations were safe in this patient population and demonstrated some evidence of clinical efficacy. Integrative analysis of high dimensional genomics and immune data identified novel clinical correlations that may inform patient selection criteria and outcome assessment in future immunotherapy studies for myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Wong
- University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Habib Hamidi
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Luciano J. Costa
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Selma Bekri
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Ravi Vij
- Division of Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Aparna Raval
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rajan Sareen
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Hearn J. Cho
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF), Norwalk, CT, United States
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16
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Fu J, Li S, Ma H, Yang J, Pagnotti GM, Brown LM, Weiss SJ, Mapara MY, Lentzsch S. The checkpoint inhibitor PD-1H/VISTA controls osteoclast-mediated multiple myeloma bone disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4271. [PMID: 37460553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma bone disease is characterized by the development of osteolytic bone lesions. Recent work identified matrix metalloproteinase 13 as a myeloma-derived fusogen that induces osteoclast activation independent of its proteolytic activity. We now identify programmed death-1 homolog, PD-1H, as the bona fide MMP-13 receptor on osteoclasts. Silencing PD-1H or using Pd-1h-/- bone marrow cells abrogates the MMP-13-enhanced osteoclast fusion and bone-resorptive activity. Further, PD-1H interacts with the actin cytoskeleton and plays a necessary role in supporting c-Src activation and sealing zone formation. The critical role of PD-1H in myeloma lytic bone lesions was confirmed using a Pd-1h-/- myeloma bone disease mouse model wherein myeloma cells injected into Pd-1h-/-Rag2-/- results in attenuated bone destruction. Our findings identify a role of PD-1H in bone biology independent of its known immunoregulatory functions and suggest that targeting the MMP-13/PD-1H axis may represent a potential approach for the treatment of myeloma associated osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirong Li
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huihui Ma
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel M Pagnotti
- Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lewis M Brown
- Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Markus Y Mapara
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne Lentzsch
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Ismail NH, Mussa A, Al-Khreisat MJ, Mohamed Yusoff S, Husin A, Johan MF. Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2328. [PMID: 37510072 PMCID: PMC10378430 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy. Most MM patients are diagnosed at a late stage because the early symptoms of the disease can be uncertain and nonspecific, often resembling other, more common conditions. Additionally, MM patients are commonly associated with rapid relapse and an inevitable refractory phase. MM is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. During the progression of MM, massive genomic alterations occur that target multiple signaling pathways and are accompanied by a multistep process involving differentiation, proliferation, and invasion. Moreover, the transformation of healthy plasma cell biology into genetically heterogeneous MM clones is driven by a variety of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs), which has complicated the discovery of effective treatments. PTMs have been identified as the most promising candidates for biomarker detection, and further research has been recommended to develop promising surrogate markers. Proteomics research has begun in MM, and a comprehensive literature review is available. However, proteomics applications in MM have yet to make significant progress. Exploration of proteomic alterations in MM is worthwhile to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of MM and to search for new treatment targets. Proteomics studies using mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with robust bioinformatics tools are an excellent way to learn more about protein changes and modifications during disease progression MM. This article addresses in depth the proteomic changes associated with MM disease transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hayati Ismail
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Mussa
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman P.O. Box 382, Sudan
| | - Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shafini Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Tarab‐Ravski D, Hazan‐Halevy I, Goldsmith M, Stotsky‐Oterin L, Breier D, Naidu GS, Aitha A, Diesendruck Y, Ng BD, Barsheshet H, Berger T, Vaxman I, Raanani P, Peer D. Delivery of Therapeutic RNA to the Bone Marrow in Multiple Myeloma Using CD38-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301377. [PMID: 37171801 PMCID: PMC10375190 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of differentiated plasma cells that occurs in the bone marrow (BM). Despite the recent advancements in drug development, most patients with MM eventually relapse and the disease remains incurable. RNA therapy delivered via lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) has the potential to be a promising cancer treatment, however, its clinical implementation is limited due to inefficient delivery to non-hepatic tissues. Here, targeted (t)LNPs designed for delivery of RNA payload to MM cells are presented. The tLNPs consist of a novel ionizable lipid and are coated with an anti-CD38 antibody (αCD38-tLNPs). To explore their therapeutic potential, it is demonstrated that LNPs encapsulating small interference RNA (siRNA) against cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5) lead to a ≈90% decrease in cell viability of MM cells in vitro. Next, a new xenograft MM mouse model is employed, which clinically resembles the human disease and demonstrates efficient homing of MM cells to the BM. Specific delivery of αCD38-tLNPs to BM-residing and disseminated MM cells and the improvement in therapeutic outcome of MM-bearing mice treated with αCD38-tLNPs-siRNA-CKAP5 are shown. These results underscore the potential of RNA therapeutics for treatment of MM and the importance of developing effective targeted delivery systems and reliable preclinical models.
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Moscvin M, Evans B, Bianchi G. Dissecting molecular mechanisms of immune microenvironment dysfunction in multiple myeloma and precursor conditions. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 38213954 PMCID: PMC10783205 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2022.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of clonally differentiated plasma cells. MM is almost always preceded by precursor conditions, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), and smoldering MM (SMM) through largely unknown molecular events. Genetic alterations of the malignant plasma cells play a critical role in patient clinical outcomes. Del(17p), t(4;14), and additional chromosomal alterations such as del(1p32), gain(1q) and MYC translocations are involved in active MM evolution. Interestingly, these genetic alterations appear strikingly similar in transformed plasma cell (PC) clones from MGUS, SMM, and MM stages. Recent studies show that effectors of the innate and adaptive immune response show marked dysfunction and skewing towards a tolerant environment that favors disease progression. The MM myeloid compartment is characterized by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), dendritic cells as well as M2-like phenotype macrophages that promote immune evasion. Major deregulations are found in the lymphoid compartment as well, with skewing towards immune tolerant Th17 and Treg and inhibition of CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ activated effector T cells. In summary, this review will provide an overview of the complex cross-talk between MM plasma cells and immune cells in the microenvironment and the molecular mechanisms promoting progression from precursor states to full-blown myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moscvin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Lee CC, Chang SY, Teng WC, Wu CJ, Liu CH, Huang SW, Wu CE, Yu KH, Chan TM. Coexisting Nodular Sclerosis Hodgkin Lymphoma and Kimura's Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087666. [PMID: 37108825 PMCID: PMC10146151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kimura's disease (KD) is a rare lymphoproliferative fibroinflammatory disorder that commonly affects the subcutaneous tissue and lymph nodes of the head and neck. The condition is a reactive process involving T helper type 2 cytokines. Concurrent malignancies have not been described. Differential diagnosis with lymphoma can be challenging without tissue biopsy. Here, we present the first reported case of coexisting KD and eosinophilic nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma of the right cervical lymphatics in a 72-year-old Taiwanese man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Lee
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Sing-Ya Chang
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Teng
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ju Wu
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Liu
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Wei Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-En Wu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hui Yu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ming Chan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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21
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Zhang X, Zhang H, Lan H, Wu J, Xiao Y. CAR-T cell therapy in multiple myeloma: Current limitations and potential strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101495. [PMID: 36891310 PMCID: PMC9986336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the survival outcome of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has been substantially improved with the emergence of novel therapeutic agents, such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs), and T cell redirecting bispecific antibodies. However, MM remains an incurable neoplastic plasma cell disorder, and almost all MM patients inevitably relapse due to drug resistance. Encouragingly, B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved impressive success in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) MM and brought new hopes for R/R MM patients in recent years. Due to antigen escape, the poor persistence of CAR-T cells, and the complicated tumor microenvironment, a significant population of MM patients still experience relapse after anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy. Additionally, the high manufacturing costs and time-consuming manufacturing processes caused by the personalized manufacturing procedures also limit the broad clinical application of CAR-T cell therapy. Therefore, in this review, we discuss current limitations of CAR-T cell therapy in MM, such as the resistance to CAR-T cell therapy and the limited accessibility of CAR-T cell therapy, and summarize some optimization strategies to overcome these challenges, including optimizing CAR structure, such as utilizing dual-targeted/multi-targeted CAR-T cells and armored CAR-T cells, optimizing manufacturing processes, combing CAR-T cell therapy with existing or emerging therapeutic approaches, and performing subsequent anti-myeloma therapy after CAR-T cell therapy as salvage therapy or maintenance/consolidation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Huixuan Lan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Wu
- Department of Hematology, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Pilot Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Yang J, Zhou W, Li D, Niu T, Wang W. BCMA-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma. Cancer Lett 2023; 553:215949. [PMID: 36216149 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematologic malignancy, despite the development of numerous innovative therapies during the past two decades. Immunotherapies are changing the treatment paradigm of MM and have improved the overall response and survival of patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) MM. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), selectively expressed in normal and malignant plasma cells, has been targeted by several immunotherapeutic modalities. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, the breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy, have revolutionized the treatment of B cell malignancies and remarkably improved the prognosis of RRMM. BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy is the most developed CAR T cell therapy for MM, and the US Food and Drug Administration has already approved idecabtagene vicleucel (Ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Cilta-cel) for MM. However, the development of novel BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapies remains in progress. This review focuses on BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy, covering all stages of investigational progress, including the innovative preclinical studies, the initial phase I clinical trials, and the more developed phase II clinical trials. It also discusses possible measures to improve the efficacy and safety of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Yang
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weilin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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23
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Giannotta C, Autino F, Massaia M. The immune suppressive tumor microenvironment in multiple myeloma: The contribution of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1102471. [PMID: 36726975 PMCID: PMC9885853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid derived suppressors cells (MDSC) play major roles in regulating immune homeostasis and immune responses in many conditions, including cancer. MDSC interact with cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) with direct and indirect mechanisms: production of soluble factors and cytokines, expression of surface inhibitory molecules, metabolic rewiring and exosome release. The two-way relationship between MDSC and tumor cells results in immune evasion and cancer outgrowth. In multiple myeloma (MM), MDSC play a major role in creating protumoral TME conditions. In this minireview, we will discuss the interplay between MDSC and MM TME and the possible strategies to target MDSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannotta
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Autino
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy,SC Ematologia, AO S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy,*Correspondence: Massimo Massaia,
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24
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Monoclonal Gammopathies and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment: From Bench to Bedside and Then Back Again. Hematol Rep 2023; 15:23-49. [PMID: 36648882 PMCID: PMC9844382 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep15010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by a multistep evolutionary pathway, with an initial phase called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), potentially evolving into the symptomatic disease, often preceded by an intermediate phase called "smoldering" MM (sMM). From a biological point of view, genomic alterations (translocations/deletions/mutations) are already present at the MGUS phase, thus rendering their role in disease evolution questionable. On the other hand, we currently know that changes in the bone marrow microenvironment (TME) could play a key role in MM evolution through a progressive shift towards a pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive shape, which may drive cancer progression as well as clonal plasma cells migration, proliferation, survival, and drug resistance. Along this line, the major advancement in MM patients' survival has been achieved by the introduction of microenvironment-oriented drugs (including immunomodulatory drugs and monoclonal antibodies). In this review, we summarized the role of the different components of the TME in MM evolution from MGUS as well as potential novel therapeutic targets/opportunities.
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25
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Ren Y, Bäcker H, Müller M, Kienzle A. The role of myeloid derived suppressor cells in musculoskeletal disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139683. [PMID: 36936946 PMCID: PMC10020351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is closely linked to bone homeostasis and plays a pivotal role in several pathological and inflammatory conditions. Through various pathways it modulates various bone cells and subsequently sustains the physiological bone metabolism. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterogeneous immature myeloid-derived cells that can exert an immunosuppressive function through a direct cell-to-cell contact, secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines or specific exosomes. These cells mediate the innate immune response to chronic stress on the skeletal system. In chronic inflammation, MDSCs act as an inner offset to rebalance overactivation of the immune system. Moreover, they have been found to be involved in processes responsible for bone remodeling in different musculoskeletal disorders, autoimmune diseases, infection, and cancer. These cells can not only cause bone erosion by differentiating into osteoclasts, but also alleviate the immune reaction, subsequently leading to long-lastingly impacted bone remodeling. In this review, we discuss the impact of MDSCs on the bone metabolism under several pathological conditions, the involved modulatory pathways as well as potential therapeutic targets in MDSCs to improve bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Bäcker
- Department of Orthopedics, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Müller
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Kienzle
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Clinic for Orthopedics, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Arne Kienzle,
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26
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Giannotta C, Castella B, Tripoli E, Grimaldi D, Avonto I, D’Agostino M, Larocca A, Kopecka J, Grasso M, Riganti C, Massaia M. Immune dysfunctions affecting bone marrow Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in multiple myeloma: Role of immune checkpoints and disease status. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1073227. [PMID: 36605214 PMCID: PMC9808386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1073227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone marrow (BM) Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are intrinsically predisposed to sense the immune fitness of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Methods In this work, we have used BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to interrogate the role of the immune checkpoint/immune checkpoint-ligand (ICP/ICP-L) network in the immune suppressive TME of MM patients. Results PD-1+ BM MM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells combine phenotypic, functional, and TCR-associated alterations consistent with chronic exhaustion and immune senescence. When challenged by zoledronic acid (ZA) as a surrogate assay to interrogate the reactivity to their natural ligands, BM MM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells further up-regulate PD-1 and TIM-3 and worsen TCR-associated alterations. BM MM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells up-regulate TIM-3 after stimulation with ZA in combination with αPD-1, whereas PD-1 is not up-regulated after ZA stimulation with αTIM-3, indicating a hierarchical regulation of inducible ICP expression. Dual αPD-1/αTIM-3 blockade improves the immune functions of BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in MM at diagnosis (MM-dia), whereas single PD-1 blockade is sufficient to rescue BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in MM in remission (MM-rem). By contrast, ZA stimulation induces LAG-3 up-regulation in BM Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from MM in relapse (MM-rel) and dual PD-1/LAG-3 blockade is the most effective combination in this setting. Discussion These data indicate that: 1) inappropriate immune interventions can exacerbate Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell dysfunction 2) ICP blockade should be tailored to the disease status to get the most of its beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Giannotta
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy,Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Ezio Tripoli
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy,Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Daniele Grimaldi
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Avonto
- Servizio Interdipartimentale di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Mattia D’Agostino
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Larocca
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariella Grasso
- Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Biotecnologie Molecolari “Guido Tarone”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy,Struttura Complessa (SC) Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera (AO) S.Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy,*Correspondence: Massimo Massaia,
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27
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Bertuglia G, Cani L, Larocca A, Gay F, D'Agostino M. Normalization of the Immunological Microenvironment and Sustained Minimal Residual Disease Negativity: Do We Need Both for Long-Term Control of Multiple Myeloma? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15879. [PMID: 36555520 PMCID: PMC9781462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the treatment landscape for multiple myeloma (MM) has progressed significantly, with the introduction of several new drug classes that have greatly improved patient outcomes. At present, it is well known how the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (ME) exerts an immunosuppressive action leading to an exhaustion of the immune system cells and promoting the proliferation and sustenance of tumor plasma cells. Therefore, having drugs that can reconstitute a healthy BM ME can improve results in MM patients. Recent findings clearly demonstrated that achieving minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity and sustaining MRD negativity over time play a pivotal prognostic role. However, despite the achievement of MRD negativity, patients may still relapse. The understanding of immunologic changes in the BM ME during treatment, complemented by a deeper knowledge of plasma cell genomics and biology, will be critical to develop future therapies to sustain MRD negativity over time and possibly achieve an operational cure. In this review, we focus on the components of the BM ME and their role in MM, on the prognostic significance of MRD negativity and, finally, on the relative contribution of tumor plasma cell biology and BM ME to long-term disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bertuglia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Larocca
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Gay
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Mattia D'Agostino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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28
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He Y, Gao Y, Ma Q, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Song W. Nanotopographical cues for regulation of macrophages and osteoclasts: emerging opportunities for osseointegration. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:510. [PMID: 36463225 PMCID: PMC9719660 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotopographical cues of bone implant surface has direct influences on various cell types during the establishment of osseointegration, a prerequisite of implant bear-loading. Given the important roles of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells in bone regeneration and remodeling, the regulation of nanotopographies on macrophages and osteoclasts has arisen considerable attentions recently. However, compared to osteoblastic cells, how nanotopographies regulate macrophages and osteoclasts has not been properly summarized. In this review, the roles and interactions of macrophages, osteoclasts and osteoblasts at different stages of bone healing is firstly presented. Then, the diversity and preparation methods of nanotopographies are summarized. Special attentions are paid to the regulation characterizations of nanotopographies on macrophages polarization and osteoclast differentiation, as well as the focal adhesion-cytoskeleton mediated mechanism. Finally, an outlook is indicated of coordinating nanotopographies, macrophages and osteoclasts to achieve better osseointegration. These comprehensive discussions may not only help to guide the optimization of bone implant surface nanostructures, but also provide an enlightenment to the osteoimmune response to external implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide He
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Yuanxue Gao
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Qianli Ma
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xige Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
| | - Wen Song
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032 China
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29
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Ho M, Xiao A, Yi D, Zanwar S, Bianchi G. Treating Multiple Myeloma in the Context of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8975-9005. [PMID: 36421358 PMCID: PMC9689284 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of multiple myeloma (MM) has evolved considerably with the FDA-approval of at least 15 drugs over the past two decades. Together with the use of autologous stem cell transplantation, these novel therapies have resulted in significant survival benefit for patients with MM. In particular, our improved understanding of the BM and immune microenvironment has led to the development of highly effective immunotherapies that have demonstrated unprecedented response rates even in the multiple refractory disease setting. However, MM remains challenging to treat especially in a high-risk setting. A key mediator of therapeutic resistance in MM is the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment; a deeper understanding is necessary to facilitate the development of therapies that target MM in the context of the BM milieu to elicit deeper and more durable responses with the ultimate goal of long-term control or a cure of MM. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the role the BM microenvironment plays in MM pathogenesis, with a focus on its immunosuppressive nature. We also review FDA-approved immunotherapies currently in clinical use and highlight promising immunotherapeutic approaches on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Alexander Xiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Dongni Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Saurabh Zanwar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA
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30
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Camviel N, Wolf B, Croce G, Gfeller D, Zoete V, Arber C. Both APRIL and antibody-fragment-based CAR T cells for myeloma induce BCMA downmodulation by trogocytosis and internalization. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005091. [PMID: 36323436 PMCID: PMC9639149 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) on multiple myeloma (MM) produces fast but not long-lasting responses. Reasons for treatment failure are poorly understood. CARs simultaneously targeting two antigens may represent an alternative. Here, we (1) designed and characterized novel A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) based dual-antigen targeting CARs, and (2) investigated mechanisms of resistance to CAR T cells with three different BCMA-binding moieties (APRIL, single-chain-variable-fragment, heavy-chain-only). METHODS Three new APRIL-CARs were designed and characterized. Human APRIL-CAR T cells were evaluated for their cytotoxic function in vitro and in vivo, for their polyfunctionality, immune synapse formation, memory, exhaustion phenotype and tonic signaling activity. To investigate resistance mechanisms, we analyzed BCMA levels and cellular localization and quantified CAR T cell-target cell interactions by live microscopy. Impact on pathway activation and tumor cell proliferation was assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS APRIL-CAR T cells in a trimeric ligand binding conformation conferred fast but not sustained antitumor responses in vivo in mouse xenograft models. In vitro trimer-BBζ CAR T cells were more polyfunctional and formed stronger immune synapses than monomer-BBζ CAR T cells. After CAR T cell-myeloma cell contact, BCMA was rapidly downmodulated on target cells with all evaluated binding moieties. CAR T cells acquired BCMA by trogocytosis, and BCMA on MM cells was rapidly internalized. Since BCMA can be re-expressed during progression and persisting CAR T cells may not protect patients from relapse, we investigated whether non-functional CAR T cells play a role in tumor progression. While CAR T cell-MM cell interactions activated BCMA pathway, we did not find enhanced tumor growth in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSION Antitumor responses with APRIL-CAR T cells were fast but not sustained. Rapid BCMA downmodulation occurred independently of whether an APRIL or antibody-based binding moiety was used. BCMA internalization mostly contributed to this effect, but trogocytosis by CAR T cells was also observed. Our study sheds light on the mechanisms underlying CAR T cell failure in MM when targeting BCMA and can inform the development of improved treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Camviel
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benita Wolf
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Croce
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Arber
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Melaccio A, Reale A, Saltarella I, Desantis V, Lamanuzzi A, Cicco S, Frassanito MA, Vacca A, Ria R. Pathways of Angiogenic and Inflammatory Cytokines in Multiple Myeloma: Role in Plasma Cell Clonal Expansion and Drug Resistance. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216491. [PMID: 36362718 PMCID: PMC9658666 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, and despite the introduction of innovative therapies, remains an incurable disease. Identifying early and minimally or non-invasive biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses is an active field of investigation. Malignant plasma cells (PCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (BMME) which comprises cells (e.g., tumour, immune, stromal cells), components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vesicular and non-vesicular (soluble) molecules, all factors that support PCs’ survival and proliferation. The interaction between PCs and BM stromal cells (BMSCs), a hallmark of MM progression, is based not only on intercellular interactions but also on autocrine and paracrine circuits mediated by soluble or vesicular components. In fact, PCs and BMSCs secrete various cytokines, including angiogenic cytokines, essential for the formation of specialized niches called “osteoblastic and vascular niches”, thus supporting neovascularization and bone disease, vital processes that modulate the pathophysiological PCs–BMME interactions, and ultimately promoting disease progression. Here, we aim to discuss the roles of cytokines and growth factors in pathogenetic pathways in MM and as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. We also discuss the potential of targeted drugs that simultaneously block PCs’ proliferation and survival, PCs–BMSCs interactions and BMSCs activity, which may represent the future goal of MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Melaccio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (R.R.); Tel.: +39-320-55-17-232 (A.M.)
| | - Antonia Reale
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University—Alfred Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Desantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Aurelia Lamanuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- General Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (R.R.); Tel.: +39-320-55-17-232 (A.M.)
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32
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Cho SF, Yeh TJ, Anderson KC, Tai YT. Bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma treatment: A journey in progress. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1032775. [PMID: 36330495 PMCID: PMC9623099 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1032775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of novel agents and monoclonal antibody-based therapies into the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has significantly improved long-term patient survival. However, the disease is still largely incurable, with high-risk patients suffering shorter survival times, partly due to weakened immune systems. Bispecific molecules, including bispecific antibodies (BisAbs) and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), encourage immune cells to lyse MM cells by simultaneously binding antigens on MM cells and immune effector cells, bringing those cells into close proximity. BisAbs that target B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and GPRC5D have shown impressive clinical activity, and the results of early-phase clinical trials targeting FcRH5 in patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) are also promising. Furthermore, the safety profile of these agents is favorable, including mainly low-grade cytokine release syndrome (CRS). These off-the-shelf bispecific molecules will likely become an essential part of the MM treatment paradigm. Here, we summarize and highlight various bispecific immunotherapies under development in MM treatment, as well as the utility of combining them with current standard-of-care treatments and new strategies. With the advancement of novel combination treatment approaches, these bispecific molecules may lead the way to a cure for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Cho
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jang Yeh
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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33
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Zuo H, Wan Y. Inhibition of myeloid PD-L1 suppresses osteoclastogenesis and cancer bone metastasis. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1342-1354. [PMID: 35256753 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is predominantly expressed in the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are originated and are abundant in the bone marrow. The roles of PD-L1 in bone cell differentiation and cancer bone metastasis remain unclear. Here we show that PD-L1 antibody or PD-L1 conditional knockout in the hematopoietic or myeloid lineage suppresses osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Bone metastases of breast cancer and melanoma are diminished by PD-L1 antibody or PD-L1 deletion in the myeloid lineage. Transcriptional profiling of bone marrow cells reveals that PD-L1 deletion in the myeloid cells upregulates immune-stimulatory genes, leading to increased macrophage M1 polarization, decreased M2 polarization, enhanced IFNγ signaling, and elevated T cell recruitment and activation. All these alterations result in heightened anti-tumor immunity in the cancer microenvironment. Our findings support PD-L1 antibody as a potent therapy for bone metastasis of breast cancer and melanoma by simultaneously suppressing osteoclast and enhancing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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34
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Seymour F, Carmichael J, Taylor C, Parrish C, Cook G. Immune senescence in multiple myeloma-a role for mitochondrial dysfunction? Leukemia 2022; 36:2368-2373. [PMID: 35879358 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Age-related immune dysfunction is primarily mediated by immunosenescence which results in ineffective clearance of infective pathogens, poor vaccine responses and increased susceptibility to multi-morbidities. Immunosenescence-related immunometabolic abnormalities are associated with accelerated aging, an inflammatory immune response (inflammaging) and ultimately frailty syndromes. In addition, several conditions can accelerate the development of immunosenescence, including cancer. This is a bi-directional interaction since inflammaging may create a permissive environment for tumour development. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a mature B-cell malignancy that presents in the older population. MM exemplifies the interaction of age- (Host Response Biology; HRB) and disease-related immunological dysfunction, contributing to the development of a frailty syndrome which impairs the therapeutic impact of recent advances in treatment strategies. Understanding the mechanisms by which accelerated immunological aging is induced and the ways in which a tumour such as MM influences this process is key to overcoming therapeutic barriers. A link between cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and the acquisition of an abnormal immune phenotype has recently been described and has widespread physiological consequence beyond the impact on the immune system. Here we outline our current understanding of normal immune aging, describe the mechanism of immunometabolic dysfunction in accelerating this process, and propose the role these processes are playing in the pathogenesis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Seymour
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | - Jonathan Carmichael
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
- NIHR (Leeds) Medtech & In vitro Diagnostic Cooperative, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire Taylor
- Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds UK, Leeds, UK
| | - Christopher Parrish
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds UK, Leeds, UK
| | - Gordon Cook
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
- NIHR (Leeds) Medtech & In vitro Diagnostic Cooperative, Leeds, UK
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds UK, Leeds, UK
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35
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yu J, Tang L. Galectin-1 deletion in mice causes bone loss via impaired osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22516. [PMID: 36006656 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200397r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone formation is dependent on the osteoblasts which are differentiated from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In addition to potent proliferation, self-renewal, and pluripotent differentiation, BMSCs have been extensively studied due to their low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory effects. Recently, galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been proposed as a potent mediator of immunomodulatory properties of BMSCs. Previous study demonstrated that Gal-1 showed age-related decline in mice serum and serum Gal-1 was positively associated with bone mass in mice. The current study makes attempts to elucidate the functional role of Gal-1 in skeletal system by investigating the regulation of Gal-1 expression during BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Gal-1 on BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. In Gal-1 null (-/-) mice, bone loss was observed due to bone formation attenuation. In in vitro experiments, Gal-1 supported the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by binding to CD146 to activate Lrp5 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, there was positive feedback regulation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling to maintain Gal-1 high-level expression during osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. More importantly, Gal-1 down-regulation in BMSCs and attenuation of osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs were observed in aged mice compared with young mice. Gal-1 over-expression could enhance osteogenic differentiation potential of aged BMSCs. Our study will benefit not only for deeper insights into the functional role of Gal-1 but also for finding new targets to modulate BMSCs osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangming Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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36
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Liang H, Zhou L, Hu Z, Ge Y, Zhang T, Chen Q, Wang B, Lu S, Ding W, Dong J, Xue F, Jiang L. Siglec15 Checkpoint Blockade for Simultaneous Immunochemotherapy and Osteolysis Inhibition in Lung Adenocarcinoma Spinal Metastasis via a Hollow Nanoplatform. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107787. [PMID: 35751455 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low responsiveness to anti-programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) for solid tumors indicates the presence of other immunosuppressive pathways. Siglec15, a newly discovered immune checkpoint, has been reported to repress immune responses in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and regulate osteoclast differentiation. However, the role of Siglec15 in the treatment for bone metastasis remains unclear. Herein, Siglec15 shows significantly higher expression in lung adenocarcinoma spinal metastasis (LUAD-SM) than in para-cancerous spinal tissues and primary LUAD. Subsequently, a TME-responsive hollow MnO2 nanoplatform (H-M) loaded with Siglec15 siRNA and cisplatin (H-M@siS15/Cis) is developed, and the surface is modified with an aspartic acid octapeptide (Asp8 ), thus allowing H-M to target spinal metastasis. High drug-loading capacity, good biocompatibility, effective tumor accumulation, and efficient Siglec15 silencing are demonstrated. Furthermore, the nanoparticles could reverse immunosuppression caused by tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and inhibit osteoclast differentiation via Siglec15 downregulation in vitro. In a LUAD-SM mouse model, H-M@siS15/Cis-Asp8 exhibits superior therapeutic efficacy via synergetic immunochemotherapy and osteolysis inhibition. Taken together, this single nanoplatform reveals the therapeutic potential of the new immune checkpoint Siglec15 in LUAD-SM and provides a strategy to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhichao Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxiang Ge
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Taiwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shunyi Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Wusong Branch, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200940, China
| | - Fengfeng Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Kastritis E, Hatjiharissi E, Katodritou E, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E, Verrou E, Gavriatopoulou M, Leonidakis A, Manousou K, Delimpasi S, Malandrakis P, Kyrtsonis MC, Papaioannou M, Symeonidis A, Dimopoulos MA. Daratumumab Improves Bone Turnover in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma; Phase 2 Study “REBUILD”. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112768. [PMID: 35681747 PMCID: PMC9179322 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the presence of deregulated bone metabolism. Restoring bone turnover is essential for patients with MM. We prospectively evaluated the impact of the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab on markers of bone remodeling among patients with relapsed/refractory MM. Overall, daratumumab improved bone turnover by favoring bone formation. Abstract Biomarkers of bone turnover in serum are suggestive of bone dynamics during treatment in multiple myeloma (MM). We evaluated the role of daratumumab on bone remodeling among patients with relapsed/refractory MM in the prospective, open-label, phase 2 study REBUILD. Daratumumab was administered according to the approved indication. A total of 33 out of 57 enrolled patients completed 4 months of treatment. The median percent change from baseline to 4 months in C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) (primary endpoint) was 3.9%, with 13 (39.4%) and 11 (33.3%) patients showing at least 20% and 30% reduction in CTX levels, respectively. The median percent decrease from baseline to 4 months in tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) levels (co-primary endpoint) was 2.6%, with 10 (30.3%) and 6 (18.2%) patients showing at least 20% and 30% reduction in TRACP-5b levels, respectively. However, the changes in these markers of bone catabolism were not statistically significant. Furthermore, the levels of osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and procollagen type-I N-pro-peptide (bone formation markers) increased from baseline to 4 months (secondary endpoints) by 18.4%, 92.6% and 10.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the median levels of dickkopf-1 and C-C motif ligand-3 showed a significant decrease at 4 months by 17.5% and 16.0%, respectively. In conclusion, daratumumab improved bone turnover by inducing bone formation and reducing osteoblast inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.K.); (E.E.-P.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.-A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-(213)-216-2846
| | - Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.K.); (E.E.-P.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.K.); (E.E.-P.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Evdoxia Hatjiharissi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Eirini Katodritou
- Department of Hematology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, 54639 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.V.)
| | - Evangelos Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.K.); (E.E.-P.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Evgenia Verrou
- Department of Hematology, Theagenio Cancer Hospital, 54639 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.V.)
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.K.); (E.E.-P.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.-A.D.)
| | | | - Kyriaki Manousou
- Health Data Specialists S.A., 11525 Athens, Greece; (A.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Sosana Delimpasi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit and Department of Hematology, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Malandrakis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.K.); (E.E.-P.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Marie-Christine Kyrtsonis
- First Department of Propedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26334 Patras, Greece;
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (I.N.-S.); (E.K.); (E.E.-P.); (M.G.); (P.M.); (M.-A.D.)
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Russo S, Scotto di Carlo F, Gianfrancesco F. The Osteoclast Traces the Route to Bone Tumors and Metastases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886305. [PMID: 35646939 PMCID: PMC9139841 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells of the bone, with a unique apparatus responsible for resorption in the process of bone remodeling. They are derived from differentiation and fusion of hematopoietic precursors, committed to form mature osteoclasts in response to finely regulated stimuli produced by bone marrow-derived cells belonging to the stromal lineage. Despite a highly specific function confined to bone degradation, emerging evidence supports their relevant implication in bone tumors and metastases. In this review, we summarize the physiological role of osteoclasts and then focus our attention on their involvement in skeletal tumors, both primary and metastatic. We highlight how osteoclast-mediated bone erosion confers increased aggressiveness to primary tumors, even those with benign features. We also outline how breast and pancreas cancer cells promote osteoclastogenesis to fuel their metastatic process to the bone. Furthermore, we emphasize the role of osteoclasts in reactivating dormant cancer cells within the bone marrow niches for manifestation of overt metastases, even decades after homing of latent disseminated cells. Finally, we point out the importance of counteracting tumor progression and dissemination through pharmacological treatments based on a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast lytic activity and their recruitment from cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Gianfrancesco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
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The Leading Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Multiple Myeloma: A New Target with a Great Prognostic and Clinical Value. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092513. [PMID: 35566637 PMCID: PMC9105926 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) malignancy whose development flourishes in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME). The BMME components’ immunoediting may foster MM progression by favoring initial immunotolerance and subsequent tumor cell escape from immune surveillance. In this dynamic process, immune effector cells are silenced and become progressively anergic, thus contributing to explaining the mechanisms of drug resistance in unresponsive and relapsed MM patients. Besides traditional treatments, several new strategies seek to re-establish the immunological balance in the BMME, especially in already-treated MM patients, by targeting key components of the immunoediting process. Immune checkpoints, such as CXCR4, T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains (TIGIT), PD-1, and CTLA-4, have been identified as common immunotolerance steps for immunotherapy. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), expressed on MMPCs, is a target for CAR-T cell therapy, antibody-(Ab) drug conjugates (ADCs), and bispecific mAbs. Approved anti-CD38 (daratumumab, isatuximab), anti-VLA4 (natalizumab), and anti-SLAMF7 (elotuzumab) mAbs interfere with immunoediting pathways. New experimental drugs currently being evaluated (CD137 blockers, MSC-derived microvesicle blockers, CSF-1/CSF-1R system blockers, and Th17/IL-17/IL-17R blockers) or already approved (denosumab and bisphosphonates) may help slow down immune escape and disease progression. Thus, the identification of deregulated mechanisms may identify novel immunotherapeutic approaches to improve MM patients’ outcomes.
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He C, Zhang M, Liu L, Han Y, Xu Z, Xiong Y, Yan F, Su D, Chen H, Zheng Y, Cheng F. Cellular membrane-based vesicles displaying a reconstructed B cell maturation antigen for multiple myeloma therapy by dual targeting APRIL and BAFF. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:406-417. [PMID: 35218967 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive secretion of cytokines (such as APRIL and BAFF) in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) plays an essential role in the formation of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Blocking the binding of excessive cytokines to their receptors is becoming a promising approach for MM therapy. Here, we proposed a strategy of engineering cell membrane-based nanovesicles (NVs) to reconstruct B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a receptor of APRIL and BAFF, to capture excess APRIL/BAFF in BMM as a bait protein. Our results showed that reconstructed BCMA expressed on the membrane of NVs (Re-BCMA-NVs) retained the ability of binding to soluble and surface-bound APRIL/BAFF in BMM. Consequently, Re-BCMA-NVs blocked the activation of the NF-κB pathway, downregulating the expression of anti-apoptosis genes and cell cycle-related genes, and hence inhibiting MM cell survival. Importantly, Re-BCMA-NVs showed a synergistic anti-MM effect when administrated together with bortezomib (BTZ) in vitro and in vivo. Our NVs targeting multiple cytokines in cancer microenvironment provides a solution to enhance sensitivity of MM cells to BTZ-based therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Excessive APRIL and BAFF is reported to promote the survival of MM cell and facilitate the formation of resistance to bortezomib therapy. In this study, we bioengineered cell membrane derived reconstructed BCMA nanovesicles (Re-BCMA-NVs) to capture both soluble and cell-surface APRIL and BAFF. These NVs inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway and thus inhibit the survival of MM cells in 2D, 3D and subcutaneous mouse tumor models. Importantly, Re-BCMA-NVs showed a synergistic anti-MM effect when administrated together with bortezomib in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our NVs targeting multiple cytokines in cancer microenvironment provides a solution to enhance sensitivity of MM cells to bortezomib-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- School of pharmaceutical sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Manqi Zhang
- School of pharmaceutical sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhang Han
- School of pharmaceutical sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zhanxue Xu
- School of pharmaceutical sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yue Xiong
- School of pharmaceutical sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fuxia Yan
- School of pharmaceutical sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Dandan Su
- School of pharmaceutical sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of pharmaceutical sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Yongjiang Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of pharmaceutical sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Satcher RL, Zhang XHF. Evolving cancer-niche interactions and therapeutic targets during bone metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:85-101. [PMID: 34611349 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer types metastasize to bone. This propensity may be a product of genetic traits of the primary tumour in some cancers. Upon arrival, cancer cells establish interactions with various bone-resident cells during the process of colonization. These interactions, to a large degree, dictate cancer cell fates at multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, from single cells to overt metastases. The bone microenvironment may even influence cancer cells to subsequently spread to multiple other organs. Therefore, it is imperative to spatiotemporally delineate the evolving cancer-bone crosstalk during bone colonization. In this Review, we provide a summary of the bone microenvironment and its impact on bone metastasis. On the basis of the microscopic anatomy, we tentatively define a roadmap of the journey of cancer cells through bone relative to various microenvironment components, including the potential of bone to function as a launch pad for secondary metastasis. Finally, we examine common and distinct features of bone metastasis from various cancer types. Our goal is to stimulate future studies leading to the development of a broader scope of potent therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Satcher
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang H-F Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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42
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Cho SF, Xing L, Anderson KC, Tai YT. Promising Antigens for the New Frontier of Targeted Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236136. [PMID: 34885245 PMCID: PMC8657018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Defining the specificity and biological sequalae induced by receptors differentiated expressed in multiple myeloma cells are critical for the development of effective immunotherapies based on monoclonal antibodies. Ongoing studies continue to discover new antigens with superior tumor selectivity and defined function in regulating the pathophysiology of myeloma cells directly or indirectly in the immunosuppressive bone marrow microenvironment. Meanwhile, it is urgent to identify mechanisms of immune resistance and design more potent immunotherapies, alone and/or with best combination partners to further prolong anti-MM immunity. Abstract The incorporation of novel agents in recent treatments in multiple myeloma (MM) has improved the clinical outcome of patients. Specifically, the approval of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against CD38 (daratumumab) and SLAMF7 (elotuzumab) in relapsed and refractory MM (RRMM) represents an important milestone in the development of targeted immunotherapy in MM. These MoAb-based agents significantly induce cytotoxicity of MM cells via multiple effector-dependent mechanisms and can further induce immunomodulation to repair a dysfunctional tumor immune microenvironment. Recently, targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), an even MM-specific antigen, has shown high therapeutic activities by chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T), antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), as well as bispecific antibody (BiAb), with some already approved for heavily pretreated RRMM patients. New antigens, such as orphan G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) and FcRH5, were identified and rapidly moved to ongoing clinical studies. We here summarized the pathobiological function of key MM antigens and the status of the corresponding immunotherapies. The potential challenges and emerging treatment strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Cho
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.-F.C.); (K.C.A.)
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Lijie Xing
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China;
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.-F.C.); (K.C.A.)
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (S.-F.C.); (K.C.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-632-3875; Fax: +1-617-632-2140
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Suzuki K, Nishiwaki K, Yano S. Treatment Strategy for Multiple Myeloma to Improve Immunological Environment and Maintain MRD Negativity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4867. [PMID: 34638353 PMCID: PMC8508145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the immunological environment and eradicating minimal residual disease (MRD) are the two main treatment goals for long-term survival in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), monoclonal antibody drugs (MoAbs), and autologous grafts for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can improve the immunological microenvironment. ASCT, MoAbs, and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) may be important for the achievement of MRD negativity. An improved immunological environment may be useful for maintaining MRD negativity, although the specific treatment for persistent MRD negativity is unknown. However, whether the ongoing treatment should be continued or changed if the MRD status remains positive is controversial. In this case, genetic, immunophenotypic, and clinical analysis of residual myeloma cells may be necessary to select the effective treatment for the residual myeloma cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss the MM treatment strategy to "cure MM" based on currently available therapies, including IMiDs, PIs, MoAbs, and ASCT, and expected immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, via improvement of the immunological environment and maintenance of MRD negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Tokyo 277-8567, Japan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Kaichi Nishiwaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Tokyo 277-8567, Japan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Shingo Yano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
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Li K, Jin R, Wu X. The role of macrophages and osteoclasts in the progression of leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:724-733. [PMID: 34555294 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.1976911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTBone marrow microenvironment provides critical regulatory signals for lineage differentiation and maintenance of HSC quiescence, and these signals also contribute to hematological myeloid malignancies. Macrophages exhibit high phenotypic heterogeneity under both physiological and pathological conditions and are mainly divided into proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Furthermore, osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that arise by fusion of monocyte/macrophage-like cells, which are commonly known as bone macrophages. Emerging evidence suggests that macrophages and osteoclasts originating from myeloid progenitors lead to two competing differentiation outcomes, and they appear to play an important role in the onset, progression, and bone metastasis of solid cancers. However, little is known about their role in the development of hematological malignancies. In this review, we focus on macrophages and osteoclasts, their role in leukemia, and the potential for targeting these cells in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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45
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BCMA in Multiple Myeloma-A Promising Key to Therapy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184088. [PMID: 34575199 PMCID: PMC8472544 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the discoveries of numerous agents including next generation proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease. The field of myeloma treatment in refractory or relapsed patients after standard therapy entered a new era due to the B-cell maturation antigen (BMCA) targeted approach. BCMA is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family with high expression in mature B-lymphocytes and plasma cells. Given the understanding of BCMA mechanism of action in MM, BCMA plays a promising role as a therapeutic target. Several clinical trials are underway to evolve the current BCMA targeted treatment concept such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific T cell engagers (BITEs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. Current results of representative BCMA trials may close the gap of the unmet clinical need to further improve the outcome of heavily pretreated MM patients with the potency to change the paradigm in newly diagnosed and refractory MM. This comprehensive review will give an update on various BMCA targeted treatment modalities (ADCs, BITEs, CAR T cell therapy) and its existing results on efficacy and safety from preclinical and clinical trials.
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46
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Cui J, Zou Z, Duan J, Tang W, Li Y, Zhang L, Pan L, Niu T. Predictive Values of PET/CT in Combination With Regulatory B Cells for Therapeutic Response and Survival in Contemporary Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671904. [PMID: 34489930 PMCID: PMC8417409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess patients with multiple myeloma (MM), the whole-body positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) occupies a pivotal position for diagnostic stratification, response evaluation, and survival prediction, while important limitations are recognized as incapable of representing tumor microenvironment. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been reported to have an inhibitory immune function, contributing to bone marrow (BM)-immunosuppressive microenvironment for MM. Therefore, to investigate the role of PET/CT in combination with Bregs’ ratios to predict therapeutic response and survival, we sequentially enrolled 120 patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) who were treated with novel agents in our center, while conventional PET/CT parameters including maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), ratios of BM-derived Bregs within CD19+ B cells, and patients’ clinical characteristics were collected. After a median follow-up of 28.20 months (range 7.00–46.93 months), SUVmax > 4.2 at onset, accounting for 53.2% of NDMM, was uncovered to predict inferior progression-free survival (PFS) as well as overall survival (OS). With regard to the ratios of BM-derived Bregs within CD19+ B cells, the cohort with the Bregs’ proportions lower than 10%, accounting for 46.2%, exerted poorer OS. Additionally, the patients with both SUVmax > 4.2 and Bregs’ ratios < 10%, accounting for 31.7%, yielded compromised therapeutic response and long-term survival. Collectively, this study may draw attention on the prognostic value of combination of PET/CT and Bregs’ ratios when clinical decisions are made for MM in the era of novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqing Zou
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Hematology, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Duan
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjiao Tang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Pan
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Myeloma-Bone Interaction: A Vicious Cycle via TAK1-PIM2 Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174441. [PMID: 34503251 PMCID: PMC8431187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myeloma cells interact with their ambient cells in the bone, such as bone marrow stromal cells, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, resulting in enhancement of osteoclastogenesis and inhibition of osteoblastogenesis while enhancing their growth and drug resistance. The activation of the TAK1–PIM2 signaling axis appears to be vital for this mutual interaction, posing it as an important therapeutic target to suppress tumor expansion and ameliorate bone destruction in multiple myeloma. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) has a propensity to develop preferentially in bone and form bone-destructive lesions. MM cells enhance osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption through activation of the RANKL–NF-κB signaling pathway while suppressing bone formation by inhibiting osteoblastogenesis from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) by factors elaborated in the bone marrow and bone in MM, including the soluble Wnt inhibitors DKK-1 and sclerostin, activin A, and TGF-β, resulting in systemic bone destruction with loss of bone. Osteocytes have been drawn attention as multifunctional regulators in bone metabolism. MM cells induce apoptosis in osteocytes to trigger the production of factors, including RANKL, sclerostin, and DKK-1, to further exacerbate bone destruction. Bone lesions developed in MM, in turn, provide microenvironments suited for MM cell growth/survival, including niches to foster MM cells and their precursors. Thus, MM cells alter the microenvironments through bone destruction in the bone where they reside, which in turn potentiates tumor growth and survival, thereby generating a vicious loop between tumor progression and bone destruction. The serine/threonine kinases PIM2 and TAK1, an upstream mediator of PIM2, are overexpressed in bone marrow stromal cells and osteoclasts as well in MM cells in bone lesions. Upregulation of the TAK1–PIM2 pathway plays a critical role in tumor expansion and bone destruction, posing the TAK1–PIM2 pathway as a pivotal therapeutic target in MM.
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48
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Wang Y, An G, Qiu LG. [Progress in clonal evolution of multiple myeloma]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:611-615. [PMID: 34455753 PMCID: PMC8408495 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - G An
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - L G Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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Romano A, Storti P, Marchica V, Scandura G, Notarfranchi L, Craviotto L, Di Raimondo F, Giuliani N. Mechanisms of Action of the New Antibodies in Use in Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684561. [PMID: 34307150 PMCID: PMC8297441 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against antigen-specific of multiple myeloma (MM) cells have Fc-dependent immune effector mechanisms, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), but the choice of the antigen is crucial for the development of effective immuno-therapy in MM. Recently new immunotherapeutic options in MM patients have been developed against different myeloma-related antigens as drug conjugate-antibody, bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. In this review, we will highlight the mechanism of action of immuno-therapy currently available in clinical practice to target CD38, SLAMF7, and BCMA, focusing on the biological role of the targets and on mechanisms of actions of the different immunotherapeutic approaches underlying their advantages and disadvantages with critical review of the literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Romano
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Storti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Scandura
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Craviotto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- U.O.C. Ematologia, A.O.U. Policlinico–San Marco, Catania, Italy
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50
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Realization of Osteolysis, Angiogenesis, Immunosuppression, and Drug Resistance by Extracellular Vesicles: Roles of RNAs and Proteins in Their Cargoes and of Ectonucleotidases of the Immunosuppressive Adenosinergic Noncanonical Pathway in the Bone Marrow Niche of Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122969. [PMID: 34199285 PMCID: PMC8231946 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease that extensively involves bone, and angiogenesis and immunosuppression are important processes in the development of MM. Proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs remarkably improve the survival of MM patients. However, MM is still an incurable disease that rapidly becomes resistant to these drugs. There is robust evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to cancer metastasis. Osteoclasts, in addition to immunosuppressive cells in the bone marrow (BM), are key players in osteolysis and immunosuppression. BM stromal cells and MM cells secrete EVs through which they communicate with each other: EVs, in fact, contain proteins, small RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs that mediate this communication and contribute to angiogenesis, osteolysis, and cancer dissemination and drug resistance. Ectoenzymes are expressed in myeloma cells, osteoclasts, and stromal cells and produce immunosuppressive adenosine. Recently, an antibody targeting CD38, an ectoenzyme, has been shown to improve the survival of patients with MM. Thus, understanding the properties of EV and ectoenzymes will help elucidate key processes of MM development. Abstract Angiogenesis and immunosuppression promote multiple myeloma (MM) development, and osteolysis is a primary feature of MM. Although immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) markedly improve the survival of patients with MM, this disease remains incurable. In the bone marrow niche, a chain of ectoenzymes, including CD38, produce immunosuppressive adenosine, inhibiting T cell proliferation as well as immunosuppressive cells. Therefore, anti-CD38 antibodies targeting myeloma cells have the potential to restore T cell responses to myeloma cells. Meanwhile extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs, proteins such as cytokines and chemokines, long noncoding RNAs, and PIWI-interacting RNAs have been shown to act as communication tools in myeloma cell/microenvironment interactions. Via EVs, mesenchymal stem cells allow myeloma cell dissemination and confer PI resistance, whereas myeloma cells promote angiogenesis, myeloid-derived suppressor cell proliferation, and osteoclast differentiation and inhibit osteoblast differentiation. In this review, to understand key processes of MM development involving communication between myeloma cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment, EV cargo and the non-canonical adenosinergic pathway are introduced, and ectoenzymes and EVs are discussed as potential druggable targets for the treatment of MM patients.
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