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Liu Y, Li Q, Song L, Gong C, Tang S, Budinich KA, Vanderbeck A, Mathias KM, Wertheim GB, Nguyen SC, Outen R, Joyce EF, Maillard I, Wan L. Condensate-Promoting ENL Mutation Drives Tumorigenesis In Vivo Through Dynamic Regulation of Histone Modifications and Gene Expression. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:1522-1546. [PMID: 38655899 PMCID: PMC11294821 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the histone acetylation "reader" eleven-nineteen-leukemia (ENL), found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and Wilms tumor, are known to drive condensate formation and gene activation in cellular systems. However, their role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Using a conditional knock-in mouse model, we show that mutant ENL perturbs normal hematopoiesis, induces aberrant expansion of myeloid progenitors, and triggers rapid onset of aggressive AML. Mutant ENL alters developmental and inflammatory gene programs in part by remodeling histone modifications. Mutant ENL forms condensates in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells at key leukemogenic genes, and disrupting condensate formation via mutagenesis impairs its chromatin and oncogenic function. Moreover, treatment with an acetyl-binding inhibitor of the mutant ENL displaces these condensates from target loci, inhibits mutant ENL-induced chromatin changes, and delays AML initiation and progression in vivo. Our study elucidates the function of ENL mutations in chromatin regulation and tumorigenesis and demonstrates the potential of targeting pathogenic condensates in cancer treatment. Significance: A direct link between ENL mutations, condensate formation, and tumorigenesis is lacking. This study elucidates the function and mechanism of ENL mutations in leukemogenesis, establishing these mutations as bona fide oncogenic drivers. Our results also support the role of condensate dysregulation in cancer and reveal strategies to target pathogenic condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Qinglan Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Lele Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Chujie Gong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Sylvia Tang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Krista A. Budinich
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Cancer Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Ashley Vanderbeck
- VMD-PhD Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Immunology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kaeli M. Mathias
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Gerald B. Wertheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Division of Hematopathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Son C. Nguyen
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Riley Outen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Eric F. Joyce
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Liling Wan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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2
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Niktoreh N, Weber L, Walter C, Karimifard M, Hoffmeister LM, Breiter H, Thivakaran A, Soldierer M, Drexler HG, Schaal H, Sendker S, Reinhardt D, Schneider M, Hanenberg H. Understanding WT1 Alterations and Expression Profiles in Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3491. [PMID: 37444601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
WT1 is a true chameleon, both acting as an oncogene and tumor suppressor. As its exact role in leukemogenesis is still ambiguous, research with model systems representing natural conditions surrounding the genetic alterations in WT1 is necessary. In a cohort of 59 leukemia/lymphoma cell lines, we showed aberrant expression for WT1 mRNA, which does not always translate into protein levels. We also analyzed the expression pattern of the four major WT1 protein isoforms in the cell lines and primary AML blasts with/without WT1 mutations and demonstrated that the presence of mutations does not influence these patterns. By introduction of key intronic and exonic sequences of WT1 into a lentiviral expression vector, we developed a unique tool that can stably overexpress the four WT1 isoforms at their naturally occurring tissue-dependent ratio. To develop better cellular model systems for WT1, we sequenced large parts of its gene locus and also other important myeloid risk factor genes and revealed previously unknown alterations. Functionally, inhibition of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay machinery revealed that under natural conditions, the mutated WT1 alleles go through a robust degradation. These results offer new insights and model systems regarding the characteristics of WT1 in leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Niktoreh
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Weber
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christiane Walter
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Mahshad Karimifard
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lina Marie Hoffmeister
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hannah Breiter
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Aniththa Thivakaran
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maren Soldierer
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Günther Drexler
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Sendker
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Duployez N, Vasseur L, Kim R, Largeaud L, Passet M, L'Haridon A, Lemaire P, Fenwarth L, Geffroy S, Helevaut N, Celli-Lebras K, Adès L, Lebon D, Berthon C, Marceau-Renaut A, Cheok M, Lambert J, Récher C, Raffoux E, Micol JB, Pigneux A, Gardin C, Delabesse E, Soulier J, Hunault M, Dombret H, Itzykson R, Clappier E, Preudhomme C. UBTF tandem duplications define a distinct subtype of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01906-z. [PMID: 37085611 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Tandem duplications (TDs) of the UBTF gene have been recently described as a recurrent alteration in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, by screening 1946 newly diagnosed adult AML, we found that UBTF-TDs occur in about 3% of patients aged 18-60 years, in a mutually exclusive pattern with other known AML subtype-defining alterations. The characteristics of 59 adults with UBTF-TD AML included young age (median 37 years), low bone marrow (BM) blast infiltration (median 25%), and high rates of WT1 mutations (61%), FLT3-ITDs (51%) and trisomy 8 (29%). BM morphology frequently demonstrates dysmyelopoiesis albeit modulated by the co-occurrence of FLT3-ITD. UBTF-TD patients have lower complete remission (CR) rates (57% after 1 course and 76% after 2 courses of intensive chemotherapy [ICT]) than UBTF-wild-type patients. In patients enrolled in the ALFA-0702 study (n = 614 patients including 21 with UBTF-TD AML), the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival of UBTF-TD patients were 42.9% (95%CI: 23.4-78.5%) and 57.1% (95%CI: 39.5-82.8%) and did not significantly differ from those of ELN 2022 intermediate/adverse risk patients. Finally, the study of paired diagnosis and relapsed/refractory AML samples suggests that WT1-mutated clones are frequently selected under ICT. This study supports the recognition of UBTF-TD AML as a new AML entity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Duployez
- Université de Lille, Unité 1277-Canther, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France.
- Hematology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Lille, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA - FMG2025, Paris, France.
| | - Loïc Vasseur
- Hematology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Rathana Kim
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA - FMG2025, Paris, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Laëtitia Largeaud
- Hematology Laboratory, CHU Toulouse, INSERM 1037, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Passet
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA - FMG2025, Paris, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Anaïs L'Haridon
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA - FMG2025, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Lemaire
- Hematology Laboratory, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Laurène Fenwarth
- Université de Lille, Unité 1277-Canther, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Geffroy
- Université de Lille, Unité 1277-Canther, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Helevaut
- Université de Lille, Unité 1277-Canther, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Lionel Adès
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Lebon
- Hematology Department, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Céline Berthon
- Hematology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alice Marceau-Renaut
- Université de Lille, Unité 1277-Canther, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Meyling Cheok
- Université de Lille, Unité 1277-Canther, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
| | - Juliette Lambert
- Hematology Department, Versailles Hospital, University Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Service d'Hématologie, CHU Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Raffoux
- Hematology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Arnaud Pigneux
- Hematology Department, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claude Gardin
- Hematology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
- Unité 3518, Saint-Louis Institute for Research, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Hematology Laboratory, CHU Toulouse, INSERM 1037, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA - FMG2025, Paris, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Hunault
- Hematology Department, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA, SFR ICAT, F‑49000, Angers, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Grand-Ouest Acute Leukemia, Angers, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Hematology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Unité 3518, Saint-Louis Institute for Research, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Itzykson
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Hematology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Clappier
- Université Paris Cité, Génomes, Biologie Cellulaire et Thérapeutique U944, INSERM, CNRS, F-75010, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA - FMG2025, Paris, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Claude Preudhomme
- Université de Lille, Unité 1277-Canther, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lille, France
- Hematology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Lille, France
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4
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Chianese U, Papulino C, Megchelenbrink W, Tambaro FP, Ciardiello F, Benedetti R, Altucci L. Epigenomic machinery regulating pediatric AML: clonal expansion mechanisms, therapies, and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:84-101. [PMID: 37003397 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional etiology mainly presenting somatic and germline abnormalities. AML incidence rises with age but can also occur during childhood. Pediatric AML (pAML) accounts for 15-20% of all pediatric leukemias and differs considerably from adult AML. Next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled the research community to "paint" the genomic and epigenomic landscape in order to identify pathology-associated mutations and other prognostic biomarkers in pAML. Although current treatments have improved the prognosis for pAML, chemoresistance, recurrence, and refractory disease remain major challenges. In particular, pAML relapse is commonly caused by leukemia stem cells that resist therapy. Marked patient-to-patient heterogeneity is likely the primary reason why the same treatment is successful for some patients but, at best, only partially effective for others. Accumulating evidence indicates that patient-specific clonal composition impinges significantly on cellular processes, such as gene regulation and metabolism. Although our understanding of metabolism in pAML is still in its infancy, greater insights into these processes and their (epigenetic) modulation may pave the way toward novel treatment options. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the function of genetic and epigenetic (mis)regulation in pAML, including metabolic features observed in the disease. Specifically, we describe how (epi)genetic machinery can affect chromatin status during hematopoiesis, leading to an altered metabolic profile, and focus on the potential value of targeting epigenetic abnormalities in precision and combination therapy for pAML. We also discuss the possibility of using alternative epidrug-based therapeutic approaches that are already in clinical practice, either alone as adjuvant treatments and/or in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Chianese
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Papulino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Wout Megchelenbrink
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; Princess Máxima Center, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Paolo Tambaro
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Pediatric Oncology Department AORN Santobono Pausilipon, 80129, Naples Italy.
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; Biogem Institute of Molecular and Genetic Biology, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; IEOS, Institute for Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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5
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Ghalandary M, Gao Y, Amend D, Kutkaite G, Vick B, Spiekermann K, Rothenberg-Thurley M, Metzeler KH, Marcinek A, Subklewe M, Menden MP, Jurinovic V, Bahrami E, Jeremias I. WT1 and DNMT3A play essential roles in the growth of certain patient AML cells in mice. Blood 2023; 141:955-960. [PMID: 36256915 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghalandary
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuqiao Gao
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Diana Amend
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ginte Kutkaite
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Binje Vick
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maja Rothenberg-Thurley
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus H Metzeler
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anetta Marcinek
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael P Menden
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vindi Jurinovic
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ehsan Bahrami
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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6
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In APL, noncoding mutations and SNP converge on WT1. Blood 2022; 140:1060-1061. [PMID: 36074531 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Song H, Liu Y, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Jin W, Chen L, Wu S, Yan J, Li J, Chen Z, Chen S, Wang K. Recurrent noncoding somatic and germline WT1 variants converge to disrupt MYB binding in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood 2022; 140:1132-1144. [PMID: 35653587 PMCID: PMC9461475 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alternations can occur at noncoding regions, but how they contribute to cancer pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we established a mutational landscape of cis-regulatory regions (CREs) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) based on whole-genome sequencing analysis of paired tumor and germline samples from 24 patients and epigenetic profiling of 16 patients. Mutations occurring in CREs occur preferentially in active enhancers bound by the complex of master transcription factors in APL. Among significantly enriched mutated CREs, we found a recurrently mutated region located within the third intron of WT1, an essential regulator of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Focusing on noncoding mutations within this WT1 intron, an analysis on 169 APL patients revealed that somatic mutations were clustered into a focal hotspot region, including one site identified as a germline polymorphism contributing to APL risk. Significantly decreased WT1 expression was observed in APL patients bearing somatic and/or germline noncoding WT1 variants. Furthermore, biallelic WT1 inactivation was recurrently found in APL patients with noncoding WT1 variants, which resulted in the complete loss of WT1. The high incidence of biallelic inactivation suggested the tumor suppressor activity of WT1 in APL. Mechanistically, noncoding WT1 variants disrupted MYB binding on chromatin and suppressed the enhancer activity and WT1 expression through destroying the chromatin looping formation. Our study highlights the important role of noncoding variants in the leukemogenesis of APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Li Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shishuang Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kankan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
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8
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Rong D, Chen X, Xiao J, Liu D, Ni X, Tong X, Wang H. Histone methylation modification patterns and relevant M-RiskScore in acute myeloid leukemia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10610. [PMID: 36164519 PMCID: PMC9508520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We tried to identify novel molecular subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) associated with histone methylation and established a relevant scoring system to predict treatment response and prognosis of AML. Methods Gene expression data and clinical characteristics of patients with AML were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Molecular subtyping was carried out by consensus clustering analysis, based on the expression of 24 histone methylation modification regulators (HMMRs). The clinical and biological features of each clustered pattern were taken into account. The scoring system was constructed by using differential expression analysis, Cox regression method and lasso regression analysis. Subsequently, the scoring system in the roles of prognostic and chemotherapeutic prediction of AML were explored. Finally, an independent GSE dataset was used for validating the established clustering system. Results Two distinct subtypes of AML were identified based on the expression of the 24 HMMRs, which exhibited remarkable differences in several clinical and biological characteristics, including HMMRs expression, AML-M0 distribution, NPM1 mutation, tumor mutation burden, somatic mutations, pathway activation, immune cell infiltration and patient survival. The scoring system, M-RiskScore, was established. Integrated analysis demonstrated that patients with the low M-RiskScore displayed a prominent survival advantage and a good response to decitabine treatment, while patients with high M-RiskScore have resistance to decitabine, but they could benefit from IA regimen therapy. Conclusion Detection of HMMRs expression would be a potential strategy for AML subtyping. Meanwhile, targeting histone methylation would be a preferred strategy for either AML-M0 or NPM1 mutant patients. M-RiskScore was a useful prognostic biomarker and a guide for the choice of appropriate chemotherapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dade Rong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,GenePlus, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Daiyuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiangna Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiuzhen Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haihe Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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9
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Kreutmair S, Pfeifer D, Waterhouse M, Takács F, Graessel L, Döhner K, Duyster J, Illert AL, Frey AV, Schmitt M, Lübbert M. First-in-human study of WT1 recombinant protein vaccination in elderly patients with AML in remission: a single-center experience. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2913-2928. [PMID: 35476127 PMCID: PMC9588470 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) protein is highly immunogenic and overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), consequently ranked as a promising target for novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Here we report our experience of a phase I/II clinical trial (NCT01051063) of a vaccination strategy based on WT1 recombinant protein (WT1-A10) together with vaccine adjuvant AS01B in five elderly AML patients (median age 69 years, range 63–75) receiving a total of 62 vaccinations (median 18, range 3–20) after standard chemotherapy. Clinical benefit was observed in three patients: one patient achieved measurable residual disease clearance during WT1 vaccination therapy, another patient maintained long-term molecular remission over 59 months after the first vaccination cycle. Interestingly, in one case, we observed a complete clonal switch at AML relapse with loss of WT1 expression, proposing suppression of the original AML clone by WT1-based vaccination therapy. Detected humoral and cellular CD4+ T cell immune responses point to efficient immune stimulation post-vaccination, complementing hints for induced conventional T cell infiltration into the bone marrow and a shift from senescent/exhausted to a more activated T cell profile. Overall, the vaccinations with WT1 recombinant protein had an acceptable safety profile and were thus well tolerated. To conclude, our data provide evidence of potential clinical efficacy of WT1 protein-based vaccination therapy in AML patients, warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kreutmair
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Freiburg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Waterhouse
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ferenc Takács
- Center for Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Linda Graessel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Freiburg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Illert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Freiburg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Verena Frey
- Center for Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Freiburg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Klingler S, Hsu KS, Hua G, Martin ML, Adileh M, Baslan T, Zhang Z, Paty PB, Fuks Z, Brown AM, Kolesnick R. Disruption of the crypt niche promotes outgrowth of mutated colorectal tumor stem cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153793. [PMID: 35260534 PMCID: PMC8983138 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data establish a logarithmic expansion of leucine rich repeat containing G protein coupled receptor 5–positive (Lgr5+) colonic epithelial stem cells (CESCs) in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Complementary studies using the murine 2-stage azoxymethane–dextran sulfate sodium (AOM-DSS) colitis-associated tumor model indicate early acquisition of Wnt pathway mutations drives CESC expansion during adenoma progression. Here, subdivision of the AOM-DSS model into in vivo and in vitro stages revealed DSS induced physical separation of CESCs from stem cell niche cells and basal lamina, a source of Wnt signals, within hours, disabling the stem cell program. While AOM delivery in vivo under non-adenoma-forming conditions yielded phenotypically normal mucosa and organoids derived thereof, niche injury ex vivo by progressive DSS dose escalation facilitated outgrowth of Wnt-independent dysplastic organoids. These organoids contained 10-fold increased Lgr5+ CESCs with gain-of-function Wnt mutations orthologous to human CRC driver mutations. We posit CRC originates by niche injury–induced outgrowth of normally suppressed mutated stem cells, consistent with models of adaptive oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Klingler
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kuo-Shun Hsu
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guoqiang Hua
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maria Laura Martin
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mohammad Adileh
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zvi Fuks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, and
| | - Anthony Mc Brown
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Jahn N, Jahn E, Saadati M, Bullinger L, Larson RA, Ottone T, Amadori S, Prior TW, Brandwein JM, Appelbaum FR, Medeiros BC, Tallman MS, Ehninger G, Heuser M, Ganser A, Pallaud C, Gathmann I, Krzykalla J, Benner A, Bloomfield CD, Thiede C, Stone RM, Döhner H, Döhner K. Genomic landscape of patients with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated within the CALGB 10603/RATIFY trial. Leukemia 2022; 36:2218-2227. [PMID: 35922444 PMCID: PMC9417991 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the mutational landscape of patients with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated within the randomized CALGB 10603/RATIFY trial evaluating intensive chemotherapy plus the multi-kinase inhibitor midostaurin versus placebo. We performed sequencing of 262 genes in 475 patients: mutations occurring concurrently with the FLT3-mutation were most frequent in NPM1 (61%), DNMT3A (39%), WT1 (21%), TET2 (12%), NRAS (11%), RUNX1 (11%), PTPN11 (10%), and ASXL1 (8%) genes. To assess effects of clinical and genetic features and their possible interactions, we fitted random survival forests and interpreted the resulting variable importance. Highest prognostic impact was found for WT1 and NPM1 mutations, followed by white blood cell count, FLT3 mutation type (internal tandem duplications vs. tyrosine kinase domain mutations), treatment (midostaurin vs. placebo), ASXL1 mutation, and ECOG performance status. When evaluating two-fold variable combinations the most striking effects were found for WT1:NPM1 (with NPM1 mutation abrogating the negative effect of WT1 mutation), and for WT1:treatment (with midostaurin exerting a beneficial effect in WT1-mutated AML). This targeted gene sequencing study provides important, novel insights into the genomic background of FLT3-mutated AML including the prognostic impact of co-mutations, specific gene-gene interactions, and possible treatment effects of midostaurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Jahn
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XDepartment of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Jahn
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XDepartment of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Lars Bullinger
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard A. Larson
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Tiziana Ottone
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy ,grid.414603.4Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuro-Oncohematology, I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Amadori
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas W. Prior
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Joseph M. Brandwein
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Frederick R. Appelbaum
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Bruno C. Medeiros
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Division of Hematology, Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Martin S. Tallman
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Gerhard Ehninger
- grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus der TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arnold Ganser
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Celine Pallaud
- grid.419481.10000 0001 1515 9979Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Insa Gathmann
- grid.419481.10000 0001 1515 9979Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Krzykalla
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clara D. Bloomfield
- grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Christian Thiede
- grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus der TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard M. Stone
- grid.65499.370000 0001 2106 9910Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XDepartment of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XDepartment of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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12
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Mouse Models of Frequently Mutated Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246192. [PMID: 34944812 PMCID: PMC8699817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous blood cancer with variable prognosis and response to conventional therapies. Comprehensive sequencing enabled the discovery of recurrent mutations and chromosomal aberrations in AML. Mouse models are essential to study the biological function of these genes and to identify relevant drug targets. This comprehensive review describes the evidence currently available from mouse models for the leukemogenic function of mutations in seven functional gene groups: cell signaling genes, epigenetic modifier genes, nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), transcription factors, tumor suppressors, spliceosome genes, and cohesin complex genes. Additionally, we provide a synergy map of frequently cooperating mutations in AML development and correlate prognosis of these mutations with leukemogenicity in mouse models to better understand the co-dependence of mutations in AML.
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13
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Murakami K, Yamaguchi Y, Kida Y, Morikawa Y, Ujiie H, Sugahara H, Nannya Y, Ogawa S, Kanakura Y. Clonal Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance in a Patient with Congenital Wilms' Tumor 1 and Acquired DNMT3A Gene Mutations. Intern Med 2021; 60:3785-3788. [PMID: 34053991 PMCID: PMC8710374 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7571-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital mutations of the Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) gene can lead to various abnormalities, including renal/gonadal developmental disorders and cardiac malformations. Although there have been many reports of somatic WT1 mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, congenital WT1 mutations have not been reported in hematological disorders. We herein report a patient with early-onset clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance that was associated with a congenital mutation of WT1 and an acquired mutation of DNMT3A [encoding DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Murakami
- Department of Hematology, Sumitomo Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Kida
- Department of Hematology, Sumitomo Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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14
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Christopher MJ, Katerndahl CDS, LeBlanc HR, Elmendorf TT, Basu V, Gang M, Menssen AJ, Spencer DH, Duncavage EJ, Ketkar S, Wartman LD, Ramakrishnan SM, Miller CA, Ley TJ. Tumor suppressor function of WT1 in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2021; 107:342-346. [PMID: 34670359 PMCID: PMC8719088 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Christopher
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
| | - Casey D S Katerndahl
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Hayley R LeBlanc
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tyler T Elmendorf
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vaishali Basu
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Margery Gang
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew J Menssen
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - David H Spencer
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Eric J Duncavage
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shamika Ketkar
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; Current affiliation: Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
| | - Lukas D Wartman
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sai Mukund Ramakrishnan
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher A Miller
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Timothy J Ley
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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15
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Maifrede S, Le BV, Nieborowska-Skorska M, Golovine K, Sullivan-Reed K, Dunuwille WMB, Nacson J, Hulse M, Keith K, Madzo J, Caruso LB, Gazze Z, Lian Z, Padella A, Chitrala KN, Bartholdy BA, Matlawska-Wasowska K, Di Marcantonio D, Simonetti G, Greiner G, Sykes SM, Valent P, Paietta EM, Tallman MS, Fernandez HF, Litzow MR, Minden MD, Huang J, Martinelli G, Vassiliou GS, Tempera I, Piwocka K, Johnson N, Challen GA, Skorski T. TET2 and DNMT3A Mutations Exert Divergent Effects on DNA Repair and Sensitivity of Leukemia Cells to PARP Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5089-5101. [PMID: 34215619 PMCID: PMC8487956 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic variants in TET2 and DNMT3A are founding mutations in hematological malignancies that affect the epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation. Mutations in both genes often co-occur with activating mutations in genes encoding oncogenic tyrosine kinases such as FLT3ITD, BCR-ABL1, JAK2V617F , and MPLW515L , or with mutations affecting related signaling pathways such as NRASG12D and CALRdel52 . Here, we show that TET2 and DNMT3A mutations exert divergent roles in regulating DNA repair activities in leukemia cells expressing these oncogenes. Malignant TET2-deficient cells displayed downregulation of BRCA1 and LIG4, resulting in reduced activity of BRCA1/2-mediated homologous recombination (HR) and DNA-PK-mediated non-homologous end-joining (D-NHEJ), respectively. TET2-deficient cells relied on PARP1-mediated alternative NHEJ (Alt-NHEJ) for protection from the toxic effects of spontaneous and drug-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Conversely, DNMT3A-deficient cells favored HR/D-NHEJ owing to downregulation of PARP1 and reduction of Alt-NHEJ. Consequently, malignant TET2-deficient cells were sensitive to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) treatment in vitro and in vivo, whereas DNMT3A-deficient cells were resistant. Disruption of TET2 dioxygenase activity or TET2-Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1)-binding ability was responsible for DNA repair defects and sensitivity to PARPi associated with TET2 deficiency. Moreover, mutation or deletion of WT1 mimicked the effect of TET2 mutation on DSB repair activity and sensitivity to PARPi. Collectively, these findings reveal that TET2 and WT1 mutations may serve as biomarkers of synthetic lethality triggered by PARPi, which should be explored therapeutically. SIGNIFICANCE: TET2 and DNMT3A mutations affect distinct DNA repair mechanisms and govern the differential sensitivities of oncogenic tyrosine kinase-positive malignant hematopoietic cells to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maifrede
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bac Viet Le
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Konstantin Golovine
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine Sullivan-Reed
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wangisa M B Dunuwille
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph Nacson
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Hulse
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelsey Keith
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Jozef Madzo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Lisa Beatrice Caruso
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zachary Gazze
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaorui Lian
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Antonella Padella
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - Kumaraswamy N Chitrala
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Boris A Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Daniela Di Marcantonio
- Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen M Sykes
- Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Valent
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth M Paietta
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hugo F Fernandez
- Moffitt Malignant Hematology and Cellular Therapy at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, Florida
| | - Mark R Litzow
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Huang
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Italo Tempera
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Neil Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grant A Challen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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16
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The Menin-MLL1 interaction is a molecular dependency in NUP98-rearranged AML. Blood 2021; 139:894-906. [PMID: 34582559 PMCID: PMC8832476 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A menin-MLL1 inhibitor halts leukemogenesis in models of NUP98-rearranged leukemias. Inhibition of menin-MLL1 impairs leukemogenic gene expression and disrupts chromatin binding of menin, MLL1 and NUP98 fusion proteins.
Translocations involving the NUP98 gene produce NUP98-fusion proteins and are associated with a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MLL1 is a molecular dependency in NUP98-fusion leukemia, and therefore we investigated the efficacy of therapeutic blockade of the menin-MLL1 interaction in NUP98-fusion leukemia models. Using mouse leukemia cell lines driven by NUP98-HOXA9 and NUP98-JARID1A fusion oncoproteins, we demonstrate that NUP98-fusion-driven leukemia is sensitive to the menin-MLL1 inhibitor VTP50469, with an IC50 similar to what we have previously reported for MLL-rearranged and NPM1c leukemia cells. Menin-MLL1 inhibition upregulates markers of differentiation such as CD11b and downregulates expression of proleukemogenic transcription factors such as Meis1 in NUP98-fusion-transformed leukemia cells. We demonstrate that MLL1 and the NUP98 fusion protein itself are evicted from chromatin at a critical set of genes that are essential for the maintenance of the malignant phenotype. In addition to these in vitro studies, we established patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of NUP98-fusion-driven AML to test the in vivo efficacy of menin-MLL1 inhibition. Treatment with VTP50469 significantly prolongs survival of mice engrafted with NUP98-NSD1 and NUP98-JARID1A leukemias. Gene expression analysis revealed that menin-MLL1 inhibition simultaneously suppresses a proleukemogenic gene expression program, including downregulation of the HOXa cluster, and upregulates tissue-specific markers of differentiation. These preclinical results suggest that menin-MLL1 inhibition may represent a rational, targeted therapy for patients with NUP98-rearranged leukemias.
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17
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Yao Y, Chai X, Gong C, Zou L. WT1 inhibits AML cell proliferation in a p53-dependent manner. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1552-1560. [PMID: 34288813 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1951938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WT1 has been reported to function as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report that p53, served as a tumor suppressor, plays a critical role in regulating the function of WT1 in AML. For details, we performed a meta-analysis on 1131 AML cases, showing that WT1 gene mutation and TP53 gene exhibited a mutually exclusive predisposition in AML. p53 can be recruited to the promoter region of WT1's target genes to modulate their expression by physically interacting with WT1. The AML-derived p53 mutation (p53R248Q) can disrupt the interaction between WT1 and p53, resulting in the loss of modulation of WT1's target genes. Furthermore, wild-type p53 maintained the anti-proliferation activity of WT1 in AML cells. In contrast, WT1 promoted AML cell proliferation in the absence of p53 (or mutated p53). In conclusion, we demonstrated a novel explanation of the controversial function of WT1 in AML. These results provided a mechanism by which WT1 inhibited AML cell proliferation in a p53-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Yao
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xingxing Chai
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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18
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Ma Q, Guo Y, Lan X, Wang G, Sun W. Novel combined variants of WT1 and TET2 in a refractory and recurrent AML patient. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:158. [PMID: 34120595 PMCID: PMC8201863 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic mutations in Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) and tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) genes were separately perceived as contributors to hematopoietic disorders and usually thought to have a mutually exclusive effect in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, we found novel WT1 and TET2 variants persistently co-existed in a refractory and recurrent AML patient with t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3); KMT2A-MLLT3, and were only detectable genetic alteration in early recurrence. Hence, these two novel variants were further investigated in patient's family, and the potential effect on disease progression was evaluated at follow-up. CASE PRESENTATION A 27-year-old male was diagnosed with AML, having t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3); KMT2A-MLLT3, accompanied by WT1 (NM_024426.6:exon7:c.1109G>C:p.Arg370Pro) and TET2 (NM_001127208.3:exon11:c.5530G>A:p.Asp1844Asn) variants. After two cycles of induction chemotherapy, complete remission was achieved. A consolidation treatment was then completed. However, the evaluation of the bone marrow revealed that early recurrence, WT1 (p.Arg370Pro) and TET2 (p.Asp1844Asn) variants still detectable, instead of KMT2A-MLLT3. Subsequently, these two variants were proved to be germline variants, which inherited from father and mother respectively. And the patient's elder brother also carried TET2 (p.Asp1844Asn) variant. A sequential allogeneic HLA-matched sible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) was carried out, and the donor is the patient's elder brother, the original two variants of patient were replaced by the donor-derived TET2 (p.Asp1844Asn) variant after allo-HSCT; the patient has remained in complete remission with regular follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In brief, it is firstly reported that WT1 p.Arg370Pro and TET2 p.Asp1844Asn variants co-existed in a refractory and recurrent AML patient by inheritance. These two variants of the patient were replaced with donor-derived TET2 p.Asp1844Asn after allo-HSCT, and the patient has remained in complete remission with regular follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixian Guo
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Lan
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanling Sun
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Clonal evolution of acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutation under treatment with midostaurin. Blood 2021; 137:3093-3104. [PMID: 33598693 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the international randomized phase 3 RATIFY (Randomized AML Trial In FLT3 in patients less than 60 Years old) trial, the multikinase inhibitor midostaurin significantly improved overall and event-free survival in patients 18 to 59 years of age with FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, only 59% of patients in the midostaurin arm achieved protocol-specified complete remission (CR), and almost half of patients achieving CR relapsed. To explore underlying mechanisms of resistance, we studied patterns of clonal evolution in patients with FLT3-internal tandem duplications (ITD)-positive AML who were entered in the RATIFY or German-Austrian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group 16-10 trial and received treatment with midostaurin. To this end, paired samples from 54 patients obtained at time of diagnosis and at time of either relapsed or refractory disease were analyzed using conventional Genescan-based testing for FLT3-ITD and whole exome sequencing. At the time of disease resistance or progression, almost half of the patients (46%) became FLT3-ITD negative but acquired mutations in signaling pathways (eg, MAPK), thereby providing a new proliferative advantage. In cases with FLT3-ITD persistence, the selection of resistant ITD clones was found in 11% as potential drivers of disease. In 32% of cases, no FLT3-ITD mutational change was observed, suggesting either resistance mechanisms bypassing FLT3 inhibition or loss of midostaurin inhibitory activity because of inadequate drug levels. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the clonal evolution and resistance mechanisms of FLT3-ITD-mutated AML under treatment with midostaurin in combination with intensive chemotherapy.
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20
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Wang Y, Weng WJ, Zhou DH, Fang JP, Mishra S, Chai L, Xu LH. Wilms Tumor 1 Mutations Are Independent Poor Prognostic Factors in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632094. [PMID: 33968731 PMCID: PMC8096913 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic impact of Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) mutations remains controversial for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we aimed to determine the clinical implication of WT1 mutations in a large cohort of pediatric AML. The clinical data of 870 pediatric patients with AML were downloaded from the therapeutically applicable research to generate effective treatment (TARGET) dataset. We analyzed the prevalence, clinical profile, and prognosis of AML patients with WT1 mutations in this cohort. Our results showed that 6.7% of total patients harbored WT1 mutations. These WT1 mutations were closely associated with normal cytogenetics (P<0.001), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3/internal tandem duplication (FLT3/ITD) mutations (P<0.001), and low complete remission induction rates (P<0.01). Compared to the patients without WT1 mutations, patients with WT1 mutations had a worse 5-year event-free survival (21.7 ± 5.5% vs 48.9 ± 1.8%, P<0.001) and a worse overall survival (41.4 ± 6.6% vs 64.3 ± 1.7%, P<0.001). Moreover, patients with both WT1 and FLT3/ITD mutations had a dismal prognosis. Compared to chemotherapy alone, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation tended to improve the prognoses of WT1-mutated patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that WT1 mutations conferred an independent adverse impact on event-free survival (hazard ratio 1.910, P = 0.001) and overall survival (hazard ratio 1.709, P = 0.020). In conclusion, our findings have demonstrated that WT1 mutations are independent poor prognostic factors in pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jun Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dun-Hua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Pei Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Cancer Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lu-Hong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Potluri S, Assi SA, Chin PS, Coleman DJL, Pickin A, Moriya S, Seki N, Heidenreich O, Cockerill PN, Bonifer C. Isoform-specific and signaling-dependent propagation of acute myeloid leukemia by Wilms tumor 1. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109010. [PMID: 33882316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is caused by recurrent mutations in members of the gene regulatory and signaling machinery that control hematopoietic progenitor cell growth and differentiation. Here, we show that the transcription factor WT1 forms a major node in the rewired mutation-specific gene regulatory networks of multiple AML subtypes. WT1 is frequently either mutated or upregulated in AML, and its expression is predictive for relapse. The WT1 protein exists as multiple isoforms. For two main AML subtypes, we demonstrate that these isoforms exhibit differential patterns of binding and support contrasting biological activities, including enhanced proliferation. We also show that WT1 responds to oncogenic signaling and is part of a signaling-responsive transcription factor hub that controls AML growth. WT1 therefore plays a central and widespread role in AML biology.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromatin/chemistry
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
- WT1 Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- WT1 Proteins/genetics
- WT1 Proteins/metabolism
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Potluri
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK.
| | - Salam A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Paulynn S Chin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Dan J L Coleman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Anna Pickin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Shogo Moriya
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Prinses Máxima Centrum for Pediatric Oncology, Postbus 113, 3720 AC Bilthoven, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter N Cockerill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK.
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22
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Kishtagari A, Levine RL. The Role of Somatic Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a034975. [PMID: 32398288 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by attenuation of lineage differentiation trajectories that results in impaired hematopoiesis and enhanced self-renewal. To date, sequencing studies have provided a rich landscape of information on the somatic mutations that contribute to AML pathogenesis. These studies show that most AML genomes harbor relatively fewer mutations, which are acquired in a stepwise manner. Our understanding of the genetic basis of leukemogenesis informs a broader understanding of what initiates and maintains the AML clone and informs the development of prognostic models and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we explore the current knowledge of genetic and epigenetic aberrations in AML pathogenesis and how recent studies are expanding our knowledge of leukemogenesis and using this to accelerate therapeutic development for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kishtagari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Molecular Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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23
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Awada H, Durmaz A, Gurnari C, Kishtagari A, Zawit M, Pagliuca S, Visconte V. Friend or foe? The case of Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 88:102549. [PMID: 33636567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) gene is commonly mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in younger age population. The mechanism through which WT1 mutations drive leukemogenesis have not been fully elucidated; however, recent studies reported an association with the epigenetic pathway. Here, we studied the phenotypic characteristics and somatic mutational profile of 114 WT1-mutant AML patients and focused on potential WT1 gene relations to other cooperative genomic events that may impact disease prognosis. Invariant phenotypic and genomic associations of WT1 mutations in AML were uncovered and rigorously described. Our findings help improving the current understanding and definition of WT1-mutant AML patients' characteristics and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Awada
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arda Durmaz
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carmelo Gurnari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashwin Kishtagari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Misam Zawit
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Simona Pagliuca
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valeria Visconte
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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24
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Shi L, Huang Y, Huang X, Zhou W, Wei J, Deng D, Lai Y. Analyzing the key gene expression and prognostics values for acute myeloid leukemia. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:7284-7298. [PMID: 35117330 PMCID: PMC8797974 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the first tumor types sequenced at the whole genome level. However, numbers of the mutated genes expression levels, functions, and prognostics values still unclear. METHODS To most ordinary mutated genes were analyzed via cancer virtual cohort discovery analysis platform (CVCDAP), and further investigated the mutational conversions, variant allele frequencies (VAF), driver genes, and potential druggable mutated genes in AML. The top mutated gene mRNA expression levels and the relationship between gene expression levels and prognosis for AML patients were performed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Moreover, we used the UALCAN dataset to confirm the association between gene expression levels and prognosis for AML patients. Enrichment functions of the top mutated genes of AML were analyzed through Metascape. Finally, the role of these defined genes in cancer pathways and potential drug targets were analyzed by gene set cancer analysis (GSCALite). RESULTS The top 20 mutated genes for AML included FLT3, HPS3, ABCA6, PCLO, SLIT2, and other ones. Compared to normal control samples, NPM1 and GABRB3 were significantly downregulated in AML samples, but TP53, DNMT3A, HPS3, FLT3, SENP6, and RUNX1 were significantly overexpressed (all these genes P value <0.01). Overexpression of FLT3 and PCLO indicated a poor prognosis, but the overexpression of SLIT3 functioned as a protector for AML via GEPIA. HSP3 indicates the favorable factor for AML, but overexpression of ABCA6 (P=0.066) may act as the adverse factor by UALCAN analysis. Enrichment function analysis shows the functions of defining genes, including negative regulation of cell differentiation, small GTPase mediated signal transduction, and immune system process. Finally, these genes participate in apoptosis, cell cycle, PI3K/AKT, and RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, and FLT3 is sensitive to 5-Fluorouracil, Methotrexate, ATRA. DNMT3A and IDH2 are resistant to Trametinib. RUNX1 and TP53 were sensitive to I-BET-762 and Tubastatin A. CONCLUSIONS Present study showed overexpression of FLT3, ABCA6, and PCLO indicated the poor prognosis of AML, but overexpression of SLIT3 and HSP3 functioned as an AML protector. There are several drugs and small molecules that target the top 20 mutated genes in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shi
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, People’s Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Xunjun Huang
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, People’s Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, People’s Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, People’s Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Donghong Deng
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongrong Lai
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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25
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Haider I, Kumar C, Jain G, Bakhshi S, Kumar L, Chopra A, Ranjan A, Tanwar P. Hotspots mutational analysis of Wilms tumor 1 gene in acute myeloid leukaemia; prevalence and clinical correlation in North Indian population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2020; 10:179-189. [PMID: 33224562 PMCID: PMC7675118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic role of Wilms tumor 1 gene (WT1) is well known in renal cancer. However, recently, its over expression is been documented in cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). WT1 mutations is found in about 6%-15% of cases of AML affecting mainly hotspot exon 7 and 9, and less frequently in other exon such as 1, 2, 3, and 8. Different studies have shown equivocal findings with few of them depicting poorer prognosis, while others suggesting lack of any significant clinical impact. OBJECTIVE This study was planned to evaluate prevalence of WT1 gene mutation on exon 7 & 9 in de novo cases of AML and its correlation with their clinical features and disease course. METHODOLOGY A total of newly diagnosed and treatment naive 100 cases of AML, having blast count of ≥20% in peripheral blood or bone marrow were enrolled. Genomic DNA of all participants was extracted from blood/bone marrow sample using Qiagen® DNA extraction kit. Haematological workup for counts and flow cytometry based immunophenotypes was done. Mutation on exon 7 & 9 were detected with the help of Sanger sequencing. RESULTS WT1 mutations were detected in both types of cases having normal vs. abnormal cytogenetics. The overall prevalence of WT1 mutation of 2% was found. We have reported one novel mutation on exon 9 of WT1 gene. Twelve cases (12%) among all analyzed AMLs were found to have synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) on exon 7 which has been previously reported in SNP database (rs16754). CONCLUSION In our study, presence of synonymous SNP was not associated with any change at protein level. We also evaluated mutational status with deaths during induction remission and concluded that presence of WT1 gene mutation was associated with death during induction therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Haider
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029, India
| | - Garima Jain
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029, India
| | - Amar Ranjan
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029, India
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26
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Lejman M, Włodarczyk M, Styka B, Pastorczak A, Zawitkowska J, Taha J, Sędek Ł, Skonieczka K, Braun M, Haus O, Szczepański T, Młynarski W, Kowalczyk JR. Advantages and Limitations of SNP Array in the Molecular Characterization of Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1184. [PMID: 32766158 PMCID: PMC7379740 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and numerous genetic aberrations in the leukemic genome are responsible for the biological and clinical differences among particular ALL subtypes. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the association of whole-genome copy number abnormalities (CNAs) in childhood T-ALL with the course of leukemia and its outcome. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of whole-genome CNAs in 86 newly diagnosed childhood T-ALL cases using a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array. We analyzed the presence of whole-genome CNAs with respect to immunophenotype, clinical features, and treatment outcomes. A total of 769 CNAs, including trisomies, duplications, deletions, and segmental loss of heterozygosity, were detected in 86 analyzed samples. Gain or loss of chromosomal regions exceeding 10 Mb occurred in 46 cases (53%), including six cases (7%) with complex chromosomal alterations. We observed that microdeletions in selected genes (e.g., FIP1L1 and PDGFRB) were related to the clinical features. Interestingly, 13% of samples have a duplication of the two loci (MYB and AIH1—6q23.3), which never occurred alone. Single-nucleotide polymorphism array significantly improved the molecular characterization of pediatric T-ALL. Further studies with larger cohorts of patients may contribute to the selection of prognostic CNAs in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Włodarczyk
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, Lublin, Poland
| | - Borys Styka
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, University Children's Hospital, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatric, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Taha
- Department of Pediatric, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skonieczka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Łódz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Olga Haus
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szczepański
- Department of Microbiology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Młynarski
- Department of Pediatric, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Łódz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jerzy R Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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27
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RNA-Binding Proteins in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103409. [PMID: 32408494 PMCID: PMC7279408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemias are genetic diseases caused by translocations or mutations, which dysregulate hematopoiesis towards malignant transformation. However, the molecular mode of action is highly versatile and ranges from direct transcriptional to post-transcriptional control, which includes RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as crucial regulators of cell fate. RBPs coordinate RNA dynamics, including subcellular localization, translational efficiency and metabolism, by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby controlling the expression of the encoded proteins. In view of the growing interest in these regulators, this review summarizes recent research regarding the most influential RBPs relevant in acute leukemias in particular. The reported RBPs, either dysregulated or as components of fusion proteins, are described with respect to their functional domains, the pathways they affect, and clinical aspects associated with their dysregulation or altered functions.
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28
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Expression of Wilm’s Tumor Gene (WT1) in Endometrium with Potential Link to Gestational Vascular Transformation. REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/reprodmed1010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Wilm’s tumor 1 gene (WT1) is a transcription factor with versatile cellular functions in embryonic development, the maintenance of adult tissue functions, and regeneration. WT1 is known to be regulated by progesterone and it is abundantly expressed in endometrium, but its function is unclear. Design: in this observational and descriptive study, WT1 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining in endometrium of various physiological and pathological conditions. Result: WT1 was detected in endometrial stromal cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, in both proliferative and secretory phases of menstrual cycles. WT1 appeared increased in vascular smooth muscle cells in spiral artery in early pregnancy and it was also detected in regenerative endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in decidual vasculopathy at term. WT1 expression appeared decreased in endometrial stromal cells in adenomyosis (endometriosis). Conclusion: WT1 potentially links the hormonal effects on endometrial decidualization and may play a role in gestational vascular transformation during pregnancy and restoration after pregnancy.
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29
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Panuzzo C, Signorino E, Calabrese C, Ali MS, Petiti J, Bracco E, Cilloni D. Landscape of Tumor Suppressor Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030802. [PMID: 32188030 PMCID: PMC7141302 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is mainly characterized by a complex and dynamic genomic instability. Next-generation sequencing has significantly improved the ability of diagnostic research to molecularly characterize and stratify patients. This detailed outcome allowed the discovery of new therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers, which led to develop novel compounds (e.g., IDH 1 and 2 inhibitors), nowadays commonly used for the treatment of adult relapsed or refractory AML. In this review we summarize the most relevant mutations affecting tumor suppressor genes that contribute to the onset and progression of AML pathology. Epigenetic modifications (TET2, IDH1 and IDH2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, WT1, EZH2), DNA repair dysregulation (TP53, NPM1), cell cycle inhibition and deficiency in differentiation (NPM1, CEBPA, TP53 and GATA2) as a consequence of somatic mutations come out as key elements in acute myeloid leukemia and may contribute to relapse and resistance to therapies. Moreover, spliceosomal machinery mutations identified in the last years, even if in a small cohort of acute myeloid leukemia patients, suggested a new opportunity to exploit therapeutically. Targeting these cellular markers will be the main challenge in the near future in an attempt to eradicate leukemia stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Signorino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Chiara Calabrese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Ali
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Jessica Petiti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Enrico Bracco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-9026610; Fax: +39-011-9038636
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30
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Biernacki MA, Bleakley M. Neoantigens in Hematologic Malignancies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:121. [PMID: 32117272 PMCID: PMC7033457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell cancer neoantigens are created from peptides derived from cancer-specific aberrant proteins, such as mutated and fusion proteins, presented in complex with human leukocyte antigens on the cancer cell surface. Because expression of the aberrant target protein is exclusive to malignant cells, immunotherapy directed against neoantigens should avoid “on-target, off-tumor” toxicity. The efficacy of neoantigen vaccines in melanoma and glioblastoma and of adoptive transfer of neoantigen-specific T cells in epithelial tumors indicates that neoantigens are valid therapeutic targets. Improvements in sequencing technology and innovations in antigen discovery approaches have facilitated the identification of neoantigens. In comparison to many solid tumors, hematologic malignancies have few mutations and thus fewer potential neoantigens. Despite this, neoantigens have been identified in a wide variety of hematologic malignancies. These include mutated nucleophosmin1 and PML-RARA in acute myeloid leukemia, ETV6-RUNX1 fusions and other mutated proteins in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, BCR-ABL1 fusions in chronic myeloid leukemia, driver mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms, immunoglobulins in lymphomas, and proteins derived from patient-specific mutations in chronic lymphoid leukemias. We will review advances in the field of neoantigen discovery, describe the spectrum of identified neoantigens in hematologic malignancies, and discuss the potential of these neoantigens for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Biernacki
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marie Bleakley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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31
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Identification of Two DNMT3A Mutations Compromising Protein Stability and Methylation Capacity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5985923. [PMID: 31827512 PMCID: PMC6881567 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5985923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations of DNMT3A occur in about 20% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. They mostly consist in heterozygous missense mutations targeting a hotspot site at R882 codon, which exhibit a dominant negative effect and are associated with high myeloblast count, advanced age, and poor prognosis. Other types of mutations such as truncations, insertions, or single-nucleotide deletion also affect the DNMT3A gene, though with lower frequency. The present study aimed to characterize two DNMT3A gene mutations identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS), through analysis of protein stability and DNA methylation status at CpG islands. The first mutation was a single-nucleotide variant of DNMT3A at exon 20 causing a premature STOP codon (c.2385G > A; p.Trp795 ∗ ; NM_022552.4). The DNMT3A mutation load increased from 4.5% to 38.2% during guadecitabine treatment, with a dominant negative effect on CpG methylation and on protein expression. The second mutation was a novel insertion of 35 nucleotides in exon 22 of DNMT3A (NM_022552.4) that introduced a STOP codon too, after the amino acid Glu863 caused by a frameshift insertion (c.2586_2587insTCATGAATGAGAAAGAGGACATCTTATGGTGCACT; p. Thr862_Glu863fsins). The mutation, which was associated with reduced DNMT3A expression and CpG methylation, persisted at relapse with minor changes in the methylation profile and at protein level. Our data highlight the need to better understand the consequences of DNMT3A mutations other than R882 substitutions in the leukemogenic process in order to tailor patient treatments, thus avoiding therapeutic resistance and disease relapse.
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32
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Sequentially inducible mouse models reveal that Npm1 mutation causes malignant transformation of Dnmt3a-mutant clonal hematopoiesis. Leukemia 2019; 33:1635-1649. [PMID: 30692594 PMCID: PMC6609470 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a common aging-associated condition with increased risk of hematologic malignancy. Knowledge of the mechanisms driving evolution from CH to overt malignancy has been hampered by a lack of in vivo models that orthogonally activate mutant alleles. Here, we develop independently regulatable mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (Dnmt3a) and nucleophosmin 1 (Npm1), observed in human CH and AML, respectively. We find Dnmt3a mutation expands hematopoietic stem and multipotent progenitor cells (HSC/MPPs), modeling CH. Induction of mutant Npm1 after development of Dnmt3a-mutant CH causes progression to myeloproliferative disorder (MPD), and more aggressive MPD is observed with longer latency between mutations. MPDs uniformly progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following transplant, accompanied by a decrease in HSC/MPPs and an increase in myeloid-restricted progenitors, the latter of which propagate AML in tertiary recipient mice. At a molecular level, progression of CH to MPD is accompanied by selection for mutations activating Ras/Raf/MAPK signaling. Progression to AML is characterized by additional oncogenic signaling mutations (Ptpn11, Pik3r1, Flt3) and/or mutations in epigenetic regulators (Hdac1, Idh1, Arid1a). Together, our study demonstrates that Npm1 mutation drives evolution of Dnmt3a-mutant CH to AML and rate of disease progression is accelerated with longer latency of CH.
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33
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Annesley CE, Rabik C, Duffield AS, Rau RE, Magoon D, Li L, Huff V, Small D, Loeb DM, Brown P. Knock-in of the Wt1 R394W mutation causes MDS and cooperates with Flt3/ITD to drive aggressive myeloid neoplasms in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35313-35326. [PMID: 30450160 PMCID: PMC6219680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) is a zinc finger transcriptional regulator, and has been implicated as both a tumor suppressor and oncogene in various malignancies. Mutations in the DNA-binding domain of the WT1 gene are described in 10-15% of normal-karyotype AML (NK-AML) in pediatric and adult patients. Similar WT1 mutations have been reported in adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). WT1 mutations have been independently associated with treatment failure and poor prognosis in NK-AML. Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) commonly co-occur with WT1-mutant AML, suggesting a cooperative role in leukemogenesis. The functional role of WT1 mutations in hematologic malignancies appears to be complex and is not yet fully elucidated. Here, we describe the hematologic phenotype of a knock-in mouse model of a Wt1 mutation (R394W), described in cases of human leukemia. We show that Wt1 +/R394W mice develop MDS which becomes 100% penetrant in a transplant model, exhibit an aberrant expansion of myeloid progenitor cells, and demonstrate enhanced self-renewal of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro. We crossbred Wt1 +/R394W mice with knock-in Flt3 +/ITD mice, and show that mice with both mutations (Flt3 +/ITD/Wt1 +/R394W) develop a transplantable MDS/MPN, with more aggressive features compared to either single mutant mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cara Rabik
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy S Duffield
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel E Rau
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Magoon
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li Li
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vicki Huff
- Department of Molecular Genetics/Cancer Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donald Small
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Current affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Brown
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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