1
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Malavige GN, Ogg GS. Molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of dengue infections. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:484-498. [PMID: 38582622 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Dengue is the most rapidly emerging climate-sensitive infection, and morbidity/mortality and disease incidence are rising markedly, leading to healthcare systems being overwhelmed. There are currently no specific treatments for dengue or prognostic markers to identify those who will progress to severe disease. Owing to an increase in the burden of illness and a change in epidemiology, many patients experience severe disease. Our limited understanding of the complex mechanisms of disease pathogenesis has significantly hampered the development of safe and effective treatments, vaccines, and biomarkers. We discuss the molecular mechanisms of dengue pathogenesis, the gaps in our knowledge, and recent advances, as well as the most crucial questions to be answered to enable the development of therapeutics, biomarkers, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka; Medical Research Council (MRC) Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Graham S Ogg
- Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka; Medical Research Council (MRC) Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Li YH, Wang XH, Huang WW, Tian RR, Pang W, Zheng YT. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus induces platelet activation and apoptosis via a reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102837. [PMID: 37544244 PMCID: PMC10428115 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV) and with a high fatality rate. Thrombocytopenia is a major clinical manifestation observed in SFTS patients, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we explored the effects of SFTSV infection on platelet function in vivo in severely infected SFTSV IFNar-/- mice and on mouse and human platelet function in vitro. Results showed that SFTSV-induced platelet clearance acceleration may be the main reason for thrombocytopenia. SFTSV-potentiated platelet activation and apoptosis were also observed in infected mice. Further investigation showed that SFTSV infection induced platelet reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. In vitro experiments revealed that administration of SFTSV or SFTSV glycoprotein (Gn) increased activation, apoptosis, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction in separated mouse platelets, which could be effectively ameliorated by the application of antioxidants (NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine), SKQ1 (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium) and resveratrol). In vivo experiments showed that the antioxidants partially rescued SFTSV infection-induced thrombocytopenia by improving excessive ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction and down-regulating platelet apoptosis and activation. Furthermore, while SFTSV and Gn directly potentiated human platelet activation, it was completely abolished by antioxidants. This study revealed that SFTSV and Gn can directly trigger platelet activation and apoptosis in an ROS-MAPK-dependent manner, which may contribute to thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage during infection, but can be abolished by antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wen-Wu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China; Office of Science and Technology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Ren-Rong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
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3
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Mo Q, Zhang T, Wu J, Wang L, Luo J. Identification of thrombopoiesis inducer based on a hybrid deep neural network model. Thromb Res 2023; 226:36-50. [PMID: 37119555 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a common haematological problem worldwide. Currently, there are no relatively safe and effective agents for the treatment of thrombocytopenia. To address this challenge, we propose a computational method that enables the discovery of novel drug candidates with haematopoietic activities. Based on different types of molecular representations, three deep learning (DL) algorithms, namely recurrent neural networks (RNNs), deep neural networks (DNNs), and hybrid neural networks (RNNs+DNNs), were used to develop classification models to distinguish between active and inactive compounds. The evaluation results illustrated that the hybrid DL model exhibited the best prediction performance, with an accuracy of 97.8 % and Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.958 on the test dataset. Subsequently, we performed drug discovery screening based on the hybrid DL model and identified a compound from the FDA-approved drug library that was structurally divergent from conventional drugs and showed a potential therapeutic action against thrombocytopenia. The novel drug candidate wedelolactone significantly promoted megakaryocyte differentiation in vitro and increased platelet levels and megakaryocyte differentiation in irradiated mice with no systemic toxicity. Overall, our work demonstrates how artificial intelligence can be used to discover novel drugs against thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Mo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Basic Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Basic Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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4
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Corzo-Gómez J, Picazo O, Castellanos-Pérez M, Briones-Aranda A. Systematic Review of the Serotonergic System in the Pathophysiology of Severe Dengue: The Theory of Thrombocytopenia and Vascular Extravasation. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:230-243. [PMID: 35726421 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220619231643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe dengue is characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemorrhaging, and/or capillary extravasation and may be linked to a reduced plasma concentration of serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, or 5-HT). OBJECTIVE The aim of the current contribution was to conduct a systematic bibliographic review of reports on the role of the peripheral serotonergic system in the pathophysiology of severe dengue. METHODS A bibliographic review was carried out of in vivo/in vitro models, clinical trials, and case series studies from 2010-2019. The selective criteria were the use of treatments with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and/or agonists/antagonists of 5-HT receptors and their impact on inflammation, coagulation, and endothelium. Moreover, cross-sectional and cohort studies on the relationship between intraplatelet and plasma 5-HT levels in patients with dengue were also included. The risk of bias in the selected reports was examined with domain-based assessment utilizing Cochrane-type criteria. The main results are summarized in Tables and Figures. RESULTS Based on descriptions of the effect of serotonergic drugs on 5-HT levels and the findings of clinical trials of dengue treatment, most receptors of the peripheral serotonergic system, and especially 5-HT2A, seem to participate in regulating serum 5-HT during severe dengue. Therefore, the peripheral serotonergic system probably contributes to thrombocytopenia and capillary extravasation. CONCLUSION Regarding dengue, 5-HT may be a key parameter for predicting severity, and an understanding of 5-HT-related mechanisms could possibly facilitate the development of new therapies. These proposals require further research due to the limited number of publications on the role of serotonergic receptors at the peripheral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Corzo-Gómez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Ofir Picazo
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Manuela Castellanos-Pérez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Alfredo Briones-Aranda
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
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Palanichamy Kala M, St. John AL, Rathore APS. Dengue: Update on Clinically Relevant Therapeutic Strategies and Vaccines. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 15:27-52. [PMID: 37124673 PMCID: PMC10111087 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-023-00263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) continue to circulate worldwide, resulting in a significant burden on human health. There are four antigenically distinct serotypes of DENV, an infection of which could result in a potentially life-threatening disease. Current treatment options are limited and rely on supportive care. Although one dengue vaccine is approved for dengue-immune individuals and has modest efficacy, there is still a need for therapeutics and vaccines that can reduce dengue morbidities and lower the infection burden. There have been recent advances in the development of promising drugs for the treatment of dengue. These include direct antivirals that can reduce virus replication as well as host-targeted drugs for reducing inflammation and/or vascular pathologies. There are also new vaccine candidates that are being evaluated for their safety and efficacy in preventing dengue disease. This review highlights nuances in the current standard-of-care treatment of dengue. We also discuss emerging treatment options, therapeutic drugs, and vaccines that are currently being pursued at various stages of preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Palanichamy Kala
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 9, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - Ashley L. St. John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Rd., Level 9, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, 207 Research Rd, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Abhay P. S. Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, 207 Research Rd, Durham, NC 27705 USA
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St John AL, Rathore APS, Ginhoux F. New perspectives on the origins and heterogeneity of mast cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:55-68. [PMID: 35610312 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells of the haematopoietic lineage that are now thought to have multifaceted functions during homeostasis and in various disease states. Furthermore, while mast cells have been known for a long time to contribute to allergic disease in adults, recent studies, mainly in mice, have highlighted their early origins during fetal development and potential for immune functions, including allergic responses, in early life. Our understanding of the imprinting of mast cells by particular tissues of residence and their potential for regulatory interactions with organ systems such as the peripheral immune, nervous and vascular systems is also rapidly evolving. Here, we discuss the origins of mast cells and their diverse and plastic phenotypes that are influenced by tissue residence. We explore how divergent phenotypes and functions might result from both their hard-wired 'nature' defined by their ontogeny and the 'nurture' they receive within specialized tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L St John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Abhay P S Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Foletto VS, da Rosa TF, Serafin MB, Hörner R. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants reduce COVID-19 infection: prospects for use. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:1601-1611. [PMID: 35943535 PMCID: PMC9360648 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The absence of specific treatments for COVID-19 leads to an intense global effort in the search for new therapeutic interventions and better clinical outcomes for patients. This review aimed to present a selection of accepted studies that reported the activity of antidepressant drugs belonging to the selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) class for treating the novel coronavirus. METHODS A search was performed in PubMed and SciELO databases using the following search strategies: [(coronavirus) OR (COVID) OR (SARS-CoV-2) AND (antidepressant) OR (serotonin) OR (selective serotonin receptor inhibitors)]. In the end, eleven articles were included. We also covered information obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov in our research. RESULTS Although several clinical trials are ongoing, only a few drugs have been officially approved to treat the infection. Remdesivir, an antiviral drug, despite favorable preliminary results, has restricted the use due to the risk of toxicity and methodological flaws. Antidepressant drugs were able to reduce the risk of intubation or death related to COVID-19, decrease the need for intensive medical care, and severely inhibit viral titers by up to 99%. Among the SSRIs studied so far, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine have shown to be the most promising against SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSION If successful, these drugs can substantially reduce hospitalization and mortality rates, as well as allow for fully outpatient treatment for mild-to-moderate infections. Thus, repositioning SSRIs can provide benefits when faced with a rapidly evolving pandemic such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taciéli Fagundes da Rosa
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marissa Bolson Serafin
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosmari Hörner
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Building 26, Room 1201, Santa Maria, RS, 97015-900, Brazil.
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8
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Mukerjee N, Al-Hamash SMJ, Al-Maiahy TJ, Batiha GES. 5-HT/CGRP pathway and Sumatriptan role in Covid-19. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-26. [PMID: 36042570 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2108996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Covid-19, there is uncontrolled activation of immune cells with a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of cytokine storm. These inflammatory changes induce impairment of different organ functions, including the central nervous system (CNS), leading to acute brain injury and substantial changes in the neurotransmitters, including serotonin (5-HT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which have immunomodulatory properties through modulation of central and peripheral immune responses. In Covid-19, 5-HT neurotransmitters and CGRP could contribute to abnormal and atypical vascular reactivity. Sumatriptan is a pre-synaptic 5-HT (5-HT1D and 5-HT1B) agonist and inhibits the release of CGRP. Both 5-HT and CGRP seem to be augmented in Covid-19 due to underlying activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and hyperinflammation. In virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties with inhibition release of 5-HT and CGRP, Sumatriptan may reduce Covid-19 hyperinflammation. Therefore, Sumatriptan might be a novel potential therapeutic strategy in managing Covid-19. In conclusion, Sumatriptan could be an effective therapeutic strategy in managing Covid-19 through modulation of 5-HT neurotransmitters and inhibiting CGRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Thabat J Al-Maiahy
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Losada PX, DeLaura I, Narváez CF. Dengue Virus and Platelets: From the Biology to the Clinic. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:349-358. [PMID: 35483090 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important vector-borne viral illnesses found in tropical and subtropical regions. Colombia has one of the highest rates of dengue cases in the Americas. Severe dengue virus (DENV) infection presents with capillary leakage, hemorrhage, and organ compromise, eventually leading to death. Over the years, there have been many efforts to develop a vaccine that guarantees protective immunity, but they have been partially successful, as such immunity would need to guarantee protection against four distinct viral serotypes. Absolute platelet count is a laboratory parameter used to monitor the clinical progression of DENV, as infection is often accompanied by thrombocytopenia. Although this finding is well described with respect to the natural history of the disease, there are various hypotheses as to the cause of this rapid decrease, and several in vivo and ex vivo models have been used to explain the effect of DENV infection on platelets and their precursors. DENV infects and activates platelets, facilitating their elimination through recognition by phagocytic cells and peripheral margination. However, infection also affects the precursors in the bone marrow by modulating megakaryopoiesis. The objective of this article is to explore various proposed mechanisms of DENV-induced thrombocytopenia to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical presentations of this highly relevant viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula X Losada
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Isabel DeLaura
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos F Narváez
- División de Inmunología, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
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Mpekoulis G, Tsopela V, Chalari A, Kalliampakou KI, Panos G, Frakolaki E, Milona RS, Sideris DC, Vassilacopoulou D, Vassilaki N. Dengue Virus Replication Is Associated with Catecholamine Biosynthesis and Metabolism in Hepatocytes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030564. [PMID: 35336971 PMCID: PMC8948859 DOI: 10.3390/v14030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, the association between the catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme L-Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and Dengue virus (DV) replication was demonstrated in liver cells and was found to be mediated at least by the interaction between DDC and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Here, we show that biogenic amines production and uptake impede DV replication in hepatocytes and monocytes, while the virus reduces catecholamine biosynthesis, metabolism, and transport. To examine how catecholamine biosynthesis/metabolism influences DV, first, we verified the role of DDC by altering DDC expression. DDC silencing enhanced virus replication, but not translation, attenuated the negative effect of DDC substrates on the virus and reduced the infection related cell death. Then, the role of the downstream steps of the catecholamine biosynthesis/metabolism was analyzed by chemical inhibition of the respective enzymes, application of their substrates and/or their products; moreover, reserpine, the inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), was used to examine the role of uptake/storage of catecholamines on DV. Apart from the role of each enzyme/transporter, these studies revealed that the dopamine uptake, and not the dopamine-signaling, is responsible for the negative effect on DV. Accordingly, all treatments expected to enhance the accumulation of catecholamines in the cell cytosol suppressed DV replication. This was verified by the use of chemical inducers of catecholamine biosynthesis. Last, the cellular redox alterations due to catecholamine oxidation were not related with the inhibition of DV replication. In turn, DV apart from its negative impact on DDC, inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase, and VMAT2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mpekoulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Vassilina Tsopela
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Anna Chalari
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Katerina I. Kalliampakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Georgios Panos
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Efseveia Frakolaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Raphaela S. Milona
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Diamantis C. Sideris
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (D.C.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Dido Vassilacopoulou
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (D.C.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (A.C.); (K.I.K.); (G.P.); (R.S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-647-8875
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11
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Satria RD, Jhan MK, Chen CL, Tseng PC, Wang YT, Lin CF. Elevated TNF-α Induces Thrombophagocytosis by Mononuclear Cells in ex vivo Whole-Blood Co-Culture with Dengue Virus. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1717-1728. [PMID: 35282270 PMCID: PMC8906901 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s356742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with dengue virus (DENV) causes hematological complications in dengue diseases characterized by thrombocytopenia accompanied by macrophage activation syndrome and hemophagocytosis in fatal patients. Methods In this study, we investigate the undefined mechanisms underlying the progression of thrombocytopenia caused by thrombophagocytosis based on an ex vivo whole-blood co-culture model of DENV infection for mimicking the acute febrile phase of infection. Results In this model, complete blood count test showed a decrease in monocytes (p < 0.01), but not neutrophils nor other white blood cells, accompanied by a low thrombocyte count (p < 0.01) in DENV infection with a positive correlation (r = 0.636, p < 0.05). Furthermore, DENV exposure caused significant thrombophagocytosis in mononuclear cells (p < 0.05). Abnormal production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was highly associated with induction of thrombophagocytosis (r = 0.758, p < 0.01), decreased monocytes (r = −0.758, p < 0.01), and decreased thrombocyte (r = −0.728, p < 0.01). Neutralizing TNF-α considerably (p < 0.05) reversed such DENV-induced effects and was further validated by immunostaining-based flow cytometry analysis on mononuclear CD14 positive monocytes. Exogenous administration of TNF-α effectively caused thrombophagocytosis accompanied by decreased monocytes and thrombocytes, probably causing monocyte activation. Conclusion These results demonstrate the potential pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia caused by TNF-α-induced thrombophagocytosis in monocytes during DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Dani Satria
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Clinical Laboratory Installation, Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kai Jhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ting Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Chiou-Feng Lin, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, Tel +886 2 27361661 ext. 7156, Email
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12
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Chen Y, Chen J, Guo D, Yang P, Chen S, Zhao C, Xu C, Zhang Q, Lin C, Zhong S, Zhang S. Tryptophan Metabolites as Biomarkers for Esophageal Cancer Susceptibility, Metastasis, and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:800291. [PMID: 35296014 PMCID: PMC8918692 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.800291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbation of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism contributes to the immune escape of cancer; however, the explored TRP metabolites are limited, and their efficacy in clarifying the susceptibility and progression of esophageal cancer (EC) remains ambiguous. Our study sought to evaluate the effects of the TRP metabolic profile on the clinical outcomes of EC using a Chinese population cohort; and to develop a risk prediction model targeting TRP metabolism. METHOD A total of 456 healthy individuals as control subjects and 393 patients with EC who were followed up for one year as case subjects were enrolled. Quantification of the plasma concentrations of TRP and its metabolites was performed using HPLC-MS/MS. The logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the effects of the clinical characteristics and plasma metabolites of the subjects on susceptibility and tumor metastasis events, whereas Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the overall survival (OS) of the patients. RESULTS Levels of creatinine and liver enzymes were substantially correlated with multiple metabolites/metabolite ratios in TRP metabolism, suggesting that hepatic and renal function would exert effects on TRP metabolism. Age- and sex-matched case-control subjects were selected using propensity score matching. Plasma exposure to 5-HT was found to be elevated 3.94-fold in case subjects (N = 166) compared to control subjects (N = 203), achieving an AUC of 0.811 for predicting susceptibility event. Subsequent correlation analysis indicated that a higher plasma exposure to 5-HIAA significantly increased the risk of lymph node metastasis (OR: 2.16, p = 0.0114). Furthermore, it was figured out that OS was significantly shorter for patients with elevated XA/KYN ratio (HR: 1.99, p = 0.0016), in which medium and high levels of XA/KYN versus low level had a significantly lower OS (HR: 0.48, p = 0.0080 and HR: 0.42, p = 0.0031, respectively). CONCLUSION This study provides a pivotal basis for targeting endogenous TRP metabolism as a potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianliang Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dainian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Peixuan Yang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China;Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengkuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou Chaonan Minsheng Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qiuzhen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chaoxian Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou Chaonan Minsheng Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Aiolfi R, Sitia G, Iannacone M, Brunetta I, Guidotti LG, Ruggeri ZM. Arenaviral infection causes bleeding in mice due to reduced serotonin release from platelets. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabb0384. [PMID: 35192415 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bleeding correlates with disease severity in viral hemorrhagic fevers. We found that the increase in type I interferon (IFN-I) in mice caused by infection with the Armstrong strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV; an arenavirus) reduced the megakaryocytic expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis (cyclooxygenase 1 and thromboxane A synthase 1) and a thrombopoietic transcription factor (Nf-e2). The decreased expression of these genes was associated with reduced numbers of circulating platelets and defects in the arachidonic acid synthetic pathway, thereby suppressing serotonin release from δ-granules in platelets. Bleeding resulted when severe thrombocytopenia and altered platelet function reduced the amount of platelet-derived serotonin below a critical threshold. Bleeding was facilitated by the absence of the activity of the kinase Lyn or the administration of aspirin, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid synthesis. Mouse platelets were not directly affected by IFN-I because they lack the receptor for the cytokine (IFNAR1), suggesting that transfusion of normal platelets into LCMV-infected mice could increase the amount of platelet-released serotonin and help to control hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Aiolfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center for Vascular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Ivan Brunetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center for Vascular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Zaverio M Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, MERU-Roon Research Center for Vascular Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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14
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Mpekoulis G, Tsopela V, Panos G, Siozos V, Kalliampakou KI, Frakolaki E, Sideris CD, Vassiliou AG, Sideris DC, Vassilacopoulou D, Vassilaki N. Association of Hepatitis C Virus Replication with the Catecholamine Biosynthetic Pathway. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112139. [PMID: 34834946 PMCID: PMC8624100 DOI: 10.3390/v13112139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A bidirectional negative relationship between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and gene expression of the catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme L-Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) was previously shown in the liver and attributed at least to an association of DDC with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Here, we report that the biosynthesis and uptake of catecholamines restrict HCV replication in hepatocytes, while HCV has developed ways to reduce catecholamine production. By employing gene silencing, chemical inhibition or induction of the catecholamine biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes and transporters, and by applying the substrates or the products of the respective enzymes, we unravel the role of the different steps of the pathway in viral infection. We also provide evidence that the effect of catecholamines on HCV is strongly related with oxidative stress that is generated by their autoxidation in the cytosol, while antioxidants or treatments that lower cytosolic catecholamine levels positively affect the virus. To counteract the effect of catecholamines, HCV, apart from the already reported effects on DDC, causes the down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine biosynthesis and suppresses dopamine beta-hydroxylase mRNA and protein amounts, while increasing the catecholamine degradation enzyme monoamine oxidase. Moreover, the NS4B viral protein is implicated in the effect of HCV on the ratio of the ~50 kDa DDC monomer and a ~120 kDa DDC complex, while the NS5A protein has a negative effect on total DDC protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mpekoulis
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Vassilina Tsopela
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Georgios Panos
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Vasileiοs Siozos
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Katerina I. Kalliampakou
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Efseveia Frakolaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Constantinos D. Sideris
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
| | - Alice G. Vassiliou
- GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Diamantis C. Sideris
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (D.C.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Dido Vassilacopoulou
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece; (D.C.S.); (D.V.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (V.T.); (G.P.); (V.S.); (K.I.K.); (E.F.); (C.D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-647-8875
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15
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Thach TQ, Eisa HG, Hmeda AB, Faraj H, Thuan TM, Abdelrahman MM, Awadallah MG, Ha NX, Noeske M, Abdul Aziz JM, Nam NH, Nile ME, Dumre SP, Huy NT, Hirayama K. Predictive markers for the early prognosis of dengue severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009808. [PMID: 34610027 PMCID: PMC8519480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive markers represent a solution for the proactive management of severe dengue. Despite the low mortality rate resulting from severe cases, dengue requires constant examination and round-the-clock nursing care due to the unpredictable progression of complications, posing a burden on clinical triage and material resources. Accordingly, identifying markers that allow for predicting disease prognosis from the initial diagnosis is needed. Given the improved pathogenesis understanding, myriad candidates have been proposed to be associated with severe dengue progression. Thus, we aim to review the relationship between the available biomarkers and severe dengue. METHODOLOGY We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the differences in host data collected within 72 hours of fever onset amongst the different disease severity levels. We searched nine bibliographic databases without restrictive criteria of language and publication date. We assessed risk of bias and graded robustness of evidence using NHLBI quality assessments and GRADE, respectively. This study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018104495). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Of 4000 records found, 40 studies for qualitative synthesis, 19 for meta-analysis. We identified 108 host and viral markers collected within 72 hours of fever onset from 6160 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases, including hematopoietic parameters, biochemical substances, clinical symptoms, immune mediators, viral particles, and host genes. Overall, inconsistent case classifications explained substantial heterogeneity, and meta-analyses lacked statistical power. Still, moderate-certainty evidence indicated significantly lower platelet counts (SMD -0.65, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.32) and higher AST levels (SMD 0.87, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.38) in severe cases when compared to non-severe dengue during this time window. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that alterations of platelet count and AST level-in the first 72 hours of fever onset-are independent markers predicting the development of severe dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Quang Thach
- Department of Immunogenetics, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Heba Gamal Eisa
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koum, Egypt
| | | | - Hazem Faraj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Tieu Minh Thuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Nam Xuan Ha
- Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Michael Noeske
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | | | - Nguyen Hai Nam
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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16
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Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Córdova-Dávalos LE, Pérez-Rodríguez MJ, Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Salinas E. Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685865. [PMID: 34211473 PMCID: PMC8240065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in tissues close to the external environment, being one of the first immune cells to interact with invading pathogens. They are long living effector cells equipped with different receptors that allow microbial recognition. Once activated, MCs release numerous biologically active mediators in the site of pathogen contact, which induce vascular endothelium modification, inflammation development and extracellular matrix remodeling. Efficient and direct antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs involve phagocytosis with oxidative and non-oxidative microbial destruction, extracellular trap formation, and the release of antimicrobial substances. MCs also contribute to host defense through the attraction and activation of phagocytic and inflammatory cells, shaping the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, as part of their response to pathogens and under an impaired, sustained, or systemic activation, MCs may contribute to tissue damage. This review will focus on the current knowledge about direct and indirect contribution of MCs to pathogen clearance. Antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs are addressed with special attention to signaling pathways involved and molecular weapons implicated. The role of MCs in a dysregulated host response that can increase morbidity and mortality is also reviewed and discussed, highlighting the complexity of MCs biology in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Jiménez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Córdova-Dávalos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marian Jesabel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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17
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Garishah FM, Rother N, Riswari SF, Alisjahbana B, Overheul GJ, van Rij RP, van der Ven A, van der Vlag J, de Mast Q. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Dengue Are Mainly Generated NOX-Independently. Front Immunol 2021; 12:629167. [PMID: 34122402 PMCID: PMC8187769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.629167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are increasingly recognized to play a role in the pathogenesis of viral infections, including dengue. NETs can be formed NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependently or NOX-independently. NOX-independent NETs can be induced by activated platelets and are very potent in activating the endothelium. Platelet activation with thrombocytopenia and endothelial dysfunction are prominent features of dengue virus infection. We postulated that dengue infection is associated with NOX-independent NET formation, which is related to platelet activation, endothelial perturbation and increased vascular permeability. Using our specific NET assays, we investigated the time course of NET formation in a cohort of Indonesian dengue patients. We found that plasma levels of NETs were profoundly elevated and that these NETs were predominantly NOX-independent NETs. During early recovery phase (7-13 days from fever onset), total NETs correlated negatively with platelet number and positively with platelet P-selectin expression, the binding of von Willebrand factor to platelets and levels of Syndecan-1. Patients with gall bladder wall thickening, an early marker of plasma leakage, had a higher median level of total NETs. Ex vivo, platelets induced NOX-independent NET formation in a dengue virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1)-dependent manner. We conclude that NOX-independent NET formation is enhanced in dengue, which is most likely mediated by NS1 and activated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadel Muhammad Garishah
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nils Rother
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Silvita Fitri Riswari
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Gijs J Overheul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ronald P van Rij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - André van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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18
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Quirino-Teixeira AC, Andrade FB, Pinheiro MBM, Rozini SV, Hottz ED. Platelets in dengue infection: more than a numbers game. Platelets 2021; 33:176-183. [PMID: 34027810 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1921722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is responsible for the development of dengue illness, which can be either asymptomatic, present mild manifestations or evolve to severe dengue. Thrombocytopenia is an important characteristic during DENV infection, being observed both in mild and severe dengue, although the lowest platelet counts are encountered during severe cases. This review gathers information regarding several mechanisms that have been related to alterations in platelet number and function, leading to thrombocytopenia but also platelet-mediated immune and inflammatory response. On this regard, we highlight that the decrease in platelet counts may be due to bone marrow suppression or consumption of platelets at the periphery. We discuss the infection of hematopoietic progenitors and stromal cells as mechanisms involved in bone marrow suppression. Concerning peripheral consumption of platelets, we addressed the direct infection of platelets by DENV, adhesion of platelets to leukocytes and vascular endothelium and platelet clearance mediated by anti-platelet antibodies. We also focused on platelet involvement on the dengue immunity and pathogenesis through translation and secretion of viral and host factors and through platelet-leukocyte aggregates formation. Hence, the present review highlights important findings related to platelet activation and thrombocytopenia during dengue infection, and also exhibits different mechanisms associated with decreased platelet counts.Graphical abstract:Schematic mechanistic representation of platelet-mediated immune responses and thrombocytopenia during dengue infection. (A) DENV-infected platelets secrete cytokines and chemokines and also adhere to activated vascular endothelium. Platelets aggregate with leukocytes, inducing the secretion of NETs and inflammatory mediators by neutrophils and monocytes, respectively. (B) DENV directly infects stromal cells and hematopoietic precursors, including megakaryocytes, which compromises megakaryopoiesis. Both central and peripheric mechanisms contribute to DENV-associated thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cecíllia Quirino-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brandi Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandi Mendonça Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil
| | - Stephane Vicente Rozini
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Damaceno Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz De Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil
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19
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Raadsen M, Du Toit J, Langerak T, van Bussel B, van Gorp E, Goeijenbier M. Thrombocytopenia in Virus Infections. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040877. [PMID: 33672766 PMCID: PMC7924611 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia, which signifies a low platelet count usually below 150 × 109/L, is a common finding following or during many viral infections. In clinical medicine, mild thrombocytopenia, combined with lymphopenia in a patient with signs and symptoms of an infectious disease, raises the suspicion of a viral infection. This phenomenon is classically attributed to platelet consumption due to inflammation-induced coagulation, sequestration from the circulation by phagocytosis and hypersplenism, and impaired platelet production due to defective megakaryopoiesis or cytokine-induced myelosuppression. All these mechanisms, while plausible and supported by substantial evidence, regard platelets as passive bystanders during viral infection. However, platelets are increasingly recognized as active players in the (antiviral) immune response and have been shown to interact with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system as well as directly with viruses. These findings can be of interest both for understanding the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases and predicting outcome. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the literature currently available on various mechanisms within the relationship between thrombocytopenia and virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Raadsen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
| | - Justin Du Toit
- Department of Haematology, Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa;
| | - Thomas Langerak
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
| | - Bas van Bussel
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center Plus, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Chagas AP, Peixoto BP, Costa BBD, Moreira TA, Cinelli LP, da Silva LL, Miranda-Alves L, Berto-Junior C. Effects of bisphenol A and S on blood coagulation: in vivo, in vitro and in silico approaches in toxicodynamic. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 31:90-99. [PMID: 33054482 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1836102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor with several effects on mammalian systems and has been linked to diseases, such as cancer. Bisphenol S (BPS) emerged as a likely alternative to BPA in industrial production. Despite being well studied and exhibiting BPA-like toxic capacity, many effects are still being elucidated. The blood coagulation system is well controlled in an effort to minimize blood loss. To our knowledge, no study reported actions of bisphenols in this system. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of bisphenols on blood coagulation. Zebrafish were used to measure bleeding time. To assess possible mechanisms, platelet-rich plasma was incubated with both bisphenols in the presence of arachidonic acid. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assays were performed in the presence of BPA and BPS. Alignment of human factor VII sequence was compared to zebrafish and docking simulations performed with FVIIa and bisphenols. An extended time was observed in BPA-treated but not BPS-treated animals in bleeding time; in PT, bisphenols showed no effect. APTT was increased in the highest concentration of bisphenols, with no effects in platelet aggregation, indicating interference with factor VII. Protein alignment showed that both proteins have well conserved residues, as those being required for interaction of FVIIa-BPA and FVIIa-BPS complexes, as shown in molecular docking. Taken together, these data show BPA and BPS as capable of interfering with the coagulation process via FVIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Paes Chagas
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Barros da Costa
- Laboratório de Prospecção em Produtos Bioativos, Grupo de Glicofármacos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamyris Almeida Moreira
- Laboratório de Prospecção em Produtos Bioativos, Grupo de Glicofármacos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Paes Cinelli
- Laboratório de Prospecção em Produtos Bioativos, Grupo de Glicofármacos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Bioativos e Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Louback da Silva
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório Integrado de Pesquisa - LIC, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental- LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clemilson Berto-Junior
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental- LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Gautam I, Storad Z, Filipiak L, Huss C, Meikle CK, Worth RG, Wuescher LM. From Classical to Unconventional: The Immune Receptors Facilitating Platelet Responses to Infection and Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E343. [PMID: 33092021 PMCID: PMC7589078 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have long been recognized for their role in maintaining the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. While their contributions to blood clotting have been well established, it has been increasingly evident that their roles extend to both innate and adaptive immune functions during infection and inflammation. In this comprehensive review, we describe the various ways in which platelets interact with different microbes and elicit immune responses either directly, or through modulation of leukocyte behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leah M. Wuescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (I.G.); (Z.S.); (L.F.); (C.H.); (C.K.M.); (R.G.W.)
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22
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Dib PRB, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Merij LB, Pinheiro MBM, Rozini SV, Andrade FB, Hottz ED. Innate immune receptors in platelets and platelet-leukocyte interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1157-1182. [PMID: 32779243 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0620-701r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are chief cells in hemostasis. Apart from their hemostatic roles, platelets are major inflammatory effector cells that can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Activated platelets have thromboinflammatory functions linking hemostatic and immune responses in several physiological and pathological conditions. Among many ways in which platelets exert these functions, platelet expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including TLR, Nod-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor families, plays major roles in sensing and responding to pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively). In this review, an increasing body of evidence is compiled showing the participation of platelet innate immune receptors, including PRRs, in infectious diseases, sterile inflammation, and cancer. How platelet recognition of endogenous DAMPs participates in sterile inflammatory diseases and thrombosis is discussed. In addition, platelet recognition of both PAMPs and DAMPs initiates platelet-mediated inflammation and vascular thrombosis in infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections. The study also focuses on the involvement of innate immune receptors in platelet activation during cancer, and their contribution to tumor microenvironment development and metastasis. Finally, how innate immune receptors participate in platelet communication with leukocytes, modulating leukocyte-mediated inflammation and immune functions, is highlighted. These cell communication processes, including platelet-induced release of neutrophil extracellular traps, platelet Ag presentation to T-cells and platelet modulation of monocyte cytokine secretion are discussed in the context of infectious and sterile diseases of major concern in human health, including cardiovascular diseases, dengue, HIV infection, sepsis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecíllia Quirino-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Laura Botelho Merij
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandi Mendonça Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Stephane Vicente Rozini
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brandi Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Damaceno Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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23
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Chen RE, Diamond MS. Dengue mouse models for evaluating pathogenesis and countermeasures. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 43:50-58. [PMID: 32950933 PMCID: PMC7774505 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes the most prevalent arbovirus illness worldwide and is responsible for many debilitating epidemics. The four circulating DENV serotypes infect humans and can cause asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe Dengue. Because of the global morbidity and mortality due to Dengue, deployment of a safe and effective tetravalent vaccine has been a high priority, and to date, a partially realized goal. The study of pathogenesis and development of DENV therapeutics and vaccines has been limited by few animal models that recapitulate key features of human disease. Over the past two decades, mouse models of DENV infection have evolved with increasing success. Here, we review the utilization and limitations of mice for studying DENV pathogenesis and evaluating countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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24
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Risk factors and biomarkers of severe dengue. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 43:1-8. [PMID: 32688269 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infects several million people each year. Although usually a self-limiting disease, some patients can develop life-threatening severe complications, characterized by plasma leakage, hemorrhaging, and shock. The signs and symptoms of severe disease usually arise late in the disease course when patients are recovering and fever has subsided, making it difficult to predict. Efforts are underway to identify risk factors and biomarkers that can accurately predict disease severity in the acute febrile phase of the disease, facilitating early intervention and treatment strategies for those at greatest risk. In this review we discuss recent advancements in identifying risk factors and biomarkers for the prognosis of severe dengue.
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25
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Banerjee M, Huang Y, Joshi S, Popa GJ, Mendenhall MD, Wang QJ, Garvy BA, Myint T, Whiteheart SW. Platelets Endocytose Viral Particles and Are Activated via TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1635-1650. [PMID: 32434410 PMCID: PMC7316618 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thrombocytopenia is associated with many viral infections suggesting virions interact with and affect platelets. Consistently, viral particles are seen inside platelets, and platelet activation markers are detected in viremic patients. In this article, we sought mechanistic insights into these virion/platelet interactions by examining how platelets endocytose, traffic, and are activated by a model virion. Approach and Results: Using fluorescently tagged HIV-1 pseudovirions, 3-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, and transgenic mouse models, we probed the interactions between platelets and virions. Mouse platelets used known endocytic machinery, that is, dynamin, VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-3, and Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), to take up and traffic HIV-1 pseudovirions. Endocytosed HIV-1 pseudovirions trafficked through early (Rab4+) and late endosomes (Rab7+), and then to an LC3+ (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) compartment. Incubation with virions induced IRAK4 (interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 4), Akt (protein kinase B), and IKK (IκB kinase) activation, granule secretion, and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation. This activation required TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88) but was less extensive and slower than activation with thrombin. In vivo, HIV-1 pseudovirions injection led to virion uptake and platelet activation, as measured by IKK activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation, and mild thrombocytopenia. All were decreased in VAMP-3-/- and, megakaryocyte/platelet-specific, Arf6-/- mice. Similar platelet activation profiles (increased platelet-leukocyte aggregates, plasma platelet factor 4, and phospho-IκBα) were detected in newly diagnosed and antiretroviral therapy-controlled HIV-1+ patients. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data provide mechanistic insights into the cell biology of how platelets endocytose and process virions. We propose a mechanism by which platelets sample the circulation and respond to potential pathogens that they take up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Banerjee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Yunjie Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Lexington VA Health Care System, Lexington, KY
| | - Gabriel J. Popa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Michael D. Mendenhall
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Qing Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Beth A. Garvy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Thein Myint
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bluegrass Care Clinic, Kentucky Clinic, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Lexington VA Health Care System, Lexington, KY
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26
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Protective and pathogenic roles for mast cells during viral infections. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 66:74-81. [PMID: 32563779 PMCID: PMC7301783 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
At the host-environment interfaces such as skin or mucosae mast cells act as immune sentinels for variety of pathogens including viruses. Mast cells initiate cellular immune responses at the infection site by recruitment of various subsets of T cells. Systemic activation of mast cells is associated with vascular pathologies during viral infections. Targeting of mast cell specific products has a promising therapeutic potential in treating virus induced immune pathologies.
Mast cells (MCs) are long-lived immune cells. They are armed with preformed mediators within granules that can be instantaneously released in response to an invading pathogen, including certain viruses. At the skin and mucosae, they initiate innate immune responses and promote the development of adaptive immune responses, through cellular recruitment or antigen presentation. However, systemic MC activation may promote immune pathologies through their vasoactive proteases and biogenic amines. Recently, MC products were identified to contribute to pathologies associated with viral hemorrhagic fever, such vascular leakage and thrombocytopenia. Similar associations of MCs with disease severity have been noted for certain respiratory viral pathogens. Here we discuss the specific MC responses to viruses and their influences on functional immune outcomes during infection.
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27
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Sudor Anglicus: an epidemic targeting the autonomic nervous system. Clin Auton Res 2020; 30:317-323. [PMID: 32435874 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-020-00698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Renaissance England witnessed a series of brief epidemics of a rapid and often fatal illness, the predominant feature of which was a disturbance of the autonomic nervous system. Profuse sweating was both an emblematic and ominous sign of this Sudor Anglicus. Its story is medically fascinating as well as historically noteworthy. Possible sites of pathological involvement include the hypothalamus, serotonergic neurons in the brainstem or spinal cord, autonomic ganglia, peripheral sympathetic nerves, neuroeffector junctions, or eccrine glands. Of candidate etiologic agents, a virus is most likely, given the seasonal variation, geographic clustering, and pattern of spread of the epidemics. Hantaviruses, enteroviruses, influenza, and others provide clinical comparisons, but a definitive match with known viruses has remained elusive.
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28
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Mucke HA. Drug Repurposing Patent Applications April–June 2019. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2019.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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29
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Hodo TW, de Aquino MTP, Shimamoto A, Shanker A. Critical Neurotransmitters in the Neuroimmune Network. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1869. [PMID: 32973771 PMCID: PMC7472989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells rely on cell-cell communication to specify and fine-tune their responses. They express an extensive network of cell communication modes, including a vast repertoire of cell surface and transmembrane receptors and ligands, membrane vesicles, junctions, ligand and voltage-gated ion channels, and transporters. During a crosstalk between the nervous system and the immune system these modes of cellular communication and the downstream signal transduction events are influenced by neurotransmitters present in the local tissue environments in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Neurotransmitters thus influence innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, immune cells send signals to the brain through cytokines, and are present in the brain to influence neural responses. Altered communication between the nervous and immune systems is emerging as a common feature in neurodegenerative and immunopathological diseases. Here, we present the mechanistic frameworks of immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects critical neurotransmitters - dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), substance P (trifluoroacetate salt powder), and L-glutamate - exert on lymphocytes and non-lymphoid immune cells. Furthermore, we discuss the possible roles neurotransmitter-driven neuroimmune networks play in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and outline potential clinical implications of balancing neuroimmune crosstalk by therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wesley Hodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Maria Teresa Prudente de Aquino
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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30
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31
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Abstract
The rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis is tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). There are two independent serotonin systems in the body characterized by two isoforms of TPH, TPH1 and TPH2. While TPH2 synthesizes serotonin in the brain, TPH1 is expressed in the gut and in other peripheral tissues and supplies platelets in the circulation with serotonin. This duality of the serotonin system is enforced by the blood-brain barrier which is impermeable for serotonin. In the brain serotonin acts as neurotransmitter and is a main target for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In the periphery it is released by platelets at the site of activation and elicits numerous physiological effects. TPH1 deficient mice were shown to be protected from diverse diseases including hemostatic, inflammatory, fibrotic, gastrointestinal, and metabolic disorders and therefore serotonin synthesis inhibition emerged as a reasonable therapeutic paradigm. Recently the first TPH inhibitor, telotristat ethyl, came on the market for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. This review summarizes the state of development and the therapeutic opportunities of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Guo L, Rondina MT. The Era of Thromboinflammation: Platelets Are Dynamic Sensors and Effector Cells During Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2204. [PMID: 31572400 PMCID: PMC6753373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are anucleate cells produced by megakaryocytes. In recent years, a robust body of literature supports the evolving role of platelets as key sentinel and effector cells in infectious diseases, especially critical in bridging hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune continuums. Upon intravascular pathogen invasion, platelets can directly sense viral, parasitic, and bacterial infections through pattern recognition receptors and integrin receptors or pathogen: immunoglobulin complexes through Fc and complement receptors—although our understanding of these interactions remains incomplete. Constantly scanning for areas of injury or inflammation as they circulate in the vasculature, platelets also indirectly respond to pathogen invasion through interactions with leukocytes and the endothelium. Following antigen recognition, platelets often become activated. Through a diverse repertoire of mechanisms, activated platelets can directly sequester or kill pathogens, or facilitate pathogen clearance by activating macrophages and neutrophils, promoting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, forming platelet aggregates and microthrombi. At times, however, platelet activation may also be injurious to the host, exacerbating inflammation and promoting endothelial damage and thrombosis. There are many gaps in our understandings of the role of platelets in infectious diseases. However, with the emergence of advanced technologies, our knowledge is increasing. In the current review, we mainly discuss these evolving roles of platelets under four different infectious pathogen infections, of which are dengue, malaria, Esterichia coli (E. coli) and staphylococcus aureus S. aureus, highlighting the complex interplay of these processes with hemostatic and thrombotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,George E. Wahlen VAMC Department of Internal Medicine and GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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33
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Masri MFB, Rathore APS, St. John AL. Therapeutics for Dengue. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-019-00193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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34
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Piliponsky AM, Acharya M, Shubin NJ. Mast Cells in Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Infection Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122851. [PMID: 31212724 PMCID: PMC6627964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are granule-rich immune cells that are distributed throughout the body in areas where microorganisms typically reside, such as mucosal tissues and the skin, as well as connective tissues. It is well known that mast cells have significant roles in IgE-mediated conditions, such as anaphylaxis, but, because of their location, it is also thought that mast cells act as innate immune cells against pathogens and initiate defensive immune responses. In this review, we discuss recent studies focused on mast cell interactions with flaviviruses and Candida albicans, and mast cell function in the cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. We selected these studies because they are clear examples of how mast cells can either promote host resistance to infection, as previously proposed, or contribute to a dysregulated host response that can increase host morbidity and mortality. Importantly, we can distill from these studies that the contribution of mast cells to infection outcomes depends in part on the infection model, including the genetic approach used to assess the influence of mast cells on host immunity, the species in which mast cells are studied, and the differential contribution of mast cell subtypes to immunity. Accordingly, we think that this review highlights the complexity of mast cell biology in the context of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Piliponsky
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Manasa Acharya
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Shubin
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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