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Dagher J, Antonios D, Chollet-Martin S, de Chaisemartin L, Pallardy M, Azouri H, Irani C. Drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions in a Lebanese outpatient population: A decade-long retrospective analysis (2012-2021). THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100169. [PMID: 37876854 PMCID: PMC10590748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are becoming more common as a result of increasing prevalence and case complexity. Allergists and clinical immunologists worldwide are challenged daily to adequately diagnose and manage these reactions. Data in the literature regarding DHR outpatient consultations are scarce worldwide, limited in the Middle East, and currently unavailable in Lebanon. Objective This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of all reported DHRs over 10 years in a tertiary-care allergy clinic in Lebanon. Methods We conducted a decade-long (2012-21) retrospective analysis of the archived medical records of patients with a history of DHRs. Demographics, clinical history, diagnostic tools, and characteristics of the DHRs were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 758 patients experienced DHRs to therapeutic molecules provided for ambulatory care. Our results identified 72 medications. The most frequently implicated drug classes included β-lactam antibiotics (53.8%), followed closely by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (48.9%). Of the 758 patients, 32.6% reported DHRs to multiple molecules, and 11.8% reported concomitant DHRs to 1 or several molecules provided in the perioperative setting. Of those, opioids and neuromuscular blocking agents were the 2 most common therapeutic classes. Furthermore, we evaluated the cross-reactivity between molecules of the same class. In neuromuscular blocking agents, rocuronium and cisatracurium were the most commonly cross-reactive, and for opioids, the most common association we recorded was with morphine and pethidine. Conclusion Our findings constitute the first step toward a more comprehensive evaluation of the clinical characteristics of DHRs in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Dagher
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation Microbiome Immunosurveillance, Faculty of Pharmacy, Orsay, France
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diane Antonios
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sylvie Chollet-Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation Microbiome Immunosurveillance, Faculty of Pharmacy, Orsay, France
| | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation Microbiome Immunosurveillance, Faculty of Pharmacy, Orsay, France
| | - Marc Pallardy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation Microbiome Immunosurveillance, Faculty of Pharmacy, Orsay, France
| | - Hayat Azouri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Irani
- Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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2
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Pournia F, Dang-Lawson M, Choi K, Mo V, Lampe PD, Matsuuchi L. Identification of serine residues in the connexin43 carboxyl tail important for BCR-mediated spreading of B-lymphocytes. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs237925. [PMID: 31964709 PMCID: PMC10682646 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocytes recognize antigen via B-cell antigen receptors (BCRs). This binding induces signaling, leading to B-cell activation, proliferation and differentiation. Early events of BCR signaling include reorganization of actin and membrane spreading, which facilitates increased antigen gathering. We have previously shown that the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43; also known as GJA1) is phosphorylated upon BCR signaling, and its carboxyl tail (CT) is important for BCR-mediated spreading. Here, specific serine residues in the Cx43 CT that are phosphorylated following BCR stimulation were identified. A chimeric protein containing the extracellular and transmembrane domains of CD8 fused to the Cx43 CT was sufficient to support cell spreading. Cx43 CT truncations showed that the region between amino acids 246-307 is necessary for B-cell spreading. Site-specific serine-to-alanine mutations (S255A, S262A, S279A and S282A) resulted in differential effects on both BCR signaling and BCR-mediated spreading. These serine residues can serve as potential binding sites for actin remodeling mediators and/or BCR signaling effectors; therefore, our results may reflect unique roles for each of these serines in terms of linking the Cx43 CT to actin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Pournia
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Zoology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - May Dang-Lawson
- Department of Zoology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kate Choi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Zoology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Victor Mo
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Zoology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Linda Matsuuchi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Zoology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia (UBC), 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Lu DR, McDavid AN, Kongpachith S, Lingampalli N, Glanville J, Ju CH, Gottardo R, Robinson WH. T Cell-Dependent Affinity Maturation and Innate Immune Pathways Differentially Drive Autoreactive B Cell Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1732-1744. [PMID: 29855173 PMCID: PMC6203609 DOI: 10.1002/art.40578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the activation of B cells that produce anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factors (RFs), but the mechanisms by which tolerance is broken in these B cells remain incompletely understood. We undertook this study to investigate whether ACPA+ and RF+ B cells break tolerance through distinct molecular mechanisms. METHODS We developed antigen-tetramers to isolate ACPA+ and RF+ B cells and performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 2,349 B cells from 6 RA patients and 1 healthy donor to analyze their immunoglobulin repertoires and transcriptional programs. Prominent immunoglobulins were expressed as monoclonal antibodies and tested for autoantigen reactivity. RESULTS ACPA+ and RF+ B cells were enriched in the peripheral blood of RA patients relative to healthy controls. Characterization of patient-derived monoclonal antibodies confirmed ACPA and RF targeting of tetramer-specific B cells at both antigen-inexperienced and affinity-matured B cell stages. ACPA+ B cells used more class-switched isotypes and exhibited more somatic hypermutations relative to RF+ B cells, and these differences were accompanied by down-regulation of CD72 and up-regulation of genes that promote class-switching and T cell-dependent responses. In contrast, RF+ B cells expressed transcriptional programs that stimulate rapid memory reactivation through multiple innate immune pathways. Coexpression analysis revealed that ACPA+ and RF+ B cell-enriched genes belong to distinct transcriptional regulatory networks. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ACPA+ and RF+ B cells are imprinted with distinct transcriptional programs, which suggests that these autoantibodies associated with increased inflammation in RA arise from 2 different molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Lu
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Sarah Kongpachith
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jacob Glanville
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Chia-Hsin Ju
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - William H. Robinson
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA
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4
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Malaviya R, Laskin DL, Malaviya R. Janus kinase-3 dependent inflammatory responses in allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:829-36. [PMID: 20430118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the lung characterized by reversible airway obstruction, high serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels, and chronic airway inflammation. A number of cells including mast cells, T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Janus kinase (JAK)-3, a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, traditionally known to mediate cytokine signaling, also regulates functional responses of these cells. In this review the role of JAK-3 in regulating various pathogenic processes in allergic asthma is discussed. We propose that targeting JAK-3 is a rationale approach to control the inflammatory responses of multiple cell types responsible for the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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5
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Chatzigeorgiou A, Lyberi M, Chatzilymperis G, Nezos A, Kamper E. CD40/CD40L signaling and its implication in health and disease. Biofactors 2009; 35:474-83. [PMID: 19904719 DOI: 10.1002/biof.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD40, a transmembrane receptor of the tumor necrosis factor gene superfamily is expressed on a variety of cells, such as monocytes, B-cells, antigen presenting cells, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. The interaction between CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) enhances the expression of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, growth factors, and adhesion molecules, mainly through the stimulation of nuclear factor kappa B. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular and cellular characteristics of CD40 and CD40L, the mechanisms that regulate their expression, the cellular responses they stimulate and finally their implication in the pathophysiology of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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6
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Qi CJ, Zheng L, Ma HB, Fei M, Qian KQ, Shen BR, Wu CP, Vihinen M, Zhang XG. A novel mutation in CD40 and its functional characterization. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:985-94. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.20967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Tucker TA, Schwiebert LM. CD40 ligation decreases its protein half-life at the cell surface. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:864-9. [PMID: 18253927 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CD40 is expressed on a variety of tumors; anti-CD40 agonists promote tumor cell apoptosis and subsequent tumor regression. Because the effectiveness of anti-CD40- agonists is dependent upon CD40 surface expression, the current study examined ligation-mediated changes in CD40 protein half-life (t(1/2))( )at the cell surface. This study utilized a CD40(+) epithelial cell line (9HTEo-), a CD40 null epithelial cell line (HT-29) engineered to express either wild-type (WT) or mutant (T254A, Q263A, E235A, Delta201) CD40, and the anti-CD40 antibody G28.5. Ligation of endogenous CD40 expressed on 9HTEo- cells decreased CD40 surface protein t(1/2 )from 13 to 4 h (p <0.05). Ligation of WT-, Q263A-, or T254A-CD40 expressed on engineered HT-29 cells decreased CD40 surface protein t(1/2) from an average of 8 to 4 h (p <0.05); T254A and Q263A contain mutated TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)2/3-binding sites. In contrast, ligation of E235A and Delta201-CD40 had no affect on its surface protein t(1/2) (p <0.05); E235A contains a mutated TRAF6-binding site while Delta201 lacks an intact cytoplasmic tail. These results suggest that anti-CD40 agonists decrease CD40 surface protein t(1/2) via a mechanism that involves TRAF6 but not TRAF2/3. The therapeutic implications for CD40-mediated tumor regression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torry A Tucker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
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8
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Hostager BS. Roles of TRAF6 in CD40 signaling. Immunol Res 2008; 39:105-14. [PMID: 17917059 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-007-0082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CD40 provides signals crucial to the activation of antigen-presenting cells during humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. A complex cohort of proteins interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of CD40 and mediates signaling. One member of this cohort is TNF receptor associated factor six (TRAF6). TRAF6 contributes to the CD40-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, stress-activated protein kinases, and perhaps other signaling molecules. TRAF6 may have roles as an adapter molecule, an activator of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and as a repressor of certain signaling circuits. Establishing the significance and interplay of these roles will lead to a more complete understanding of mechanisms important to the CD40-mediated activation of the immune system and will reveal novel targets for the development of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Hostager
- 4-204 MEBRF, Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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9
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D'Cruz OJ, Uckun FM. Targeting mast cells in endometriosis with janus kinase 3 inhibitor, JANEX-1. Am J Reprod Immunol 2007; 58:75-97. [PMID: 17631002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of multifactorial etiology characterized by implantation and growth of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. EMS is a significant public health issue as it affects 15-20% of women in their reproductive age. Clinical symptoms may include pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic/abdominal masses, and infertility. Symptomatic treatments such as surgical resection and/or hormonal suppression of ovarian function and analgesics are not as effective as desired. Consequently, there is an enormous unmet need to develop effective medical therapy capable of preventing the occurrence and recurrence of EMS without undesirable side-effects. EMS-associated intra-abdominal bleeding episodes, local inflammation, adhesions, and i.p. immunologic dysfunction leads to pelvic nociception and pelvic pain. Increasing evidence supports the involvement of allergic-type inflammation in EMS. Invasion of mast cells, degranulation, and proliferation of interstitial component are observed in endometriotic lesions. Presence of activated and degranulating mast cells within the nerve structures can contribute to the development of pain and hyperalgesia by direct effects on primary nociceptive neurons. Therefore, treatments targeting endometrial mast cells may prove effective in preventing or alleviating EMS-associated symptoms. The Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is abundantly expressed in mast cells and is required for the full expression of high-affinity IgE receptor-mediated mast cell inflammatory sequelae. JANEX-1/WHI-P131 is a rationally designed novel JAK3 inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory activity in several cellular and in vivo animal models of inflammation, including mouse models of peritonitis, colitis, cellulitis, sunburn, and airway inflammation with favorable toxicity and pharmacokinetic profile. We hypothesize that JAK3 inhibitors, especially JANEX-1, may prove useful to prevent or alleviate the symptoms of EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmond J D'Cruz
- Drug Discovery Program, Paradigm Pharmaceuticals, St Paul, MN 55113, USA.
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10
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Dimitrova P, Ivanovska N. Host resistance to Candida albicans infection of mice with collagen-induced arthritis treated with leflunomide. Res Microbiol 2006; 157:525-30. [PMID: 16797932 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Revised: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The dehydro-orotate dehydrogenase inhibitor leflunomide is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, its influence on host resistance to Candida albicans infection in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was investigated. Leflunomide administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days in mice with CIA inhibited collagen-specific cellular and humoral responses. The drug did not change the severity of primary C. albicans infection evaluated by kidney and liver colonization. At the early stage of infection leflunomide inhibited IFN-gamma production and enhanced IL-4 secretion. The effect of the drug on IL-4 production was less pronounced at the late phase of infection. Leflunomide enhanced anti-Candida IgM antibody production and diminished anti-Candida IgG antibody synthesis. This correlated with impaired resistance to reinfection. Results demonstrate that leflunomide administration to mice with collagen-induced arthritis might affect mechanisms of the late immune response to C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya Dimitrova
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, 26 G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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11
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Purkerson JM, Smith RS, Pollock SJ, Phipps RP. The TRAF6, but not the TRAF2/3, binding domain of CD40 is required for cytokine production in human lung fibroblasts. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:2920-8. [PMID: 16143987 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200526219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are key effector cells in inciting inflammation, wound healing, and scarring. CD40, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, mediates intercellular communication between fibroblasts and cells that express CD154 (CD40L), including T lymphocytes and platelets. To better understand the mechanisms by which CD40 regulates fibroblast function in inflammation and scarring, we examined the ability of CD40 cytoplasmic tail regions (CD40ct) containing the TRAF6 or the TRAF2/3 binding domains to regulate cytokine and chemokine expression by primary human lung fibroblasts. The full-length human CD40ct, the first 35 amino acids of the CD40ct encompassing the TRAF6 binding site (1-35), and amino acids 35-53 containing the TRAF2/TRAF3 binding domain were expressed in human lung fibroblasts as fusion proteins with the extracellular domain of human CD8alpha by retroviral transduction. The TRAF6, but not the TRAF2/3, binding domain was found to regulate IL-8 and IL-6 production, and induce activation of NF-kappaB and Jun kinase in lung fibroblasts, demonstrating for the first time that CD40ct domains can function independently to regulate pro-inflammatory responses of primary human fibroblasts. Thus, targeting TRAF6 function through pharmacological intervention may represent a viable strategy for modulating localized inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Purkerson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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12
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Ahmed-Choudhury J, Williams KT, Young LS, Adams DH, Afford SC. CD40 mediated human cholangiocyte apoptosis requires JAK2 dependent activation of STAT3 in addition to activation of JNK1/2 and ERK1/2. Cell Signal 2005; 18:456-68. [PMID: 15970430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD40 is critically involved in Fas-mediated cholangiocyte apoptosis during liver inflammation, but the underlying signalling events are poorly understood. Our recent work implicated AP-1 in CD40-induced cholangiocyte apoptosis, but suggested involvement of other signalling pathways. Because STAT3 has been implicated in liver regeneration we investigated this signalling pathway during CD40 mediated cholangiocyte apoptosis. Western immunoblotting, electrophoretic mobility gel shift assays, In situ DNA end labelling and caspase-3 activity were used to investigate intracellular signalling and apoptosis in primary human cholangiocytes following CD40 activation. CD40-activation induced caspase-3 dependent cholangiocyte apoptosis and 3-fold increases in JNK/ERK phosphorylation (concomitant with increased AP-1 binding activity) and 4-fold increases in pSTAT3, which were sustained for up to 24 h. Protein levels of c-Jun, c-Fos and pSTAT3 confirmed the upregulation. Phosphorylation of p38 remained unchanged suggesting that this MAP kinase was not involved in CD40 mediated apoptosis. Increased JAK2 phosphorylation accompanied increased STAT3 phosphorylation after CD40 ligation. Cholangiocytes were also shown to express JAK1 and 3 which was phosphorylated following control stimulation with TNFalpha or IL2 respectively but not after CD40 ligation. JNK, ERK and JAK2 inhibitors partially abrogated apoptosis and when used in combination reduced it to basal levels. In conclusion, induction of CD40-mediated cholangiocyte apoptosis requires JAK2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 as well as sustained JNK1/2, ERK1/2 activation. This study demonstrates that STAT3 can function as a proapoptotic factor in primary human liver epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Ahmed-Choudhury
- Liver Research Group, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Biomedical Research, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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13
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Borie DC, O'Shea JJ, Changelian PS. JAK3 inhibition, a viable new modality of immunosuppression for solid organ transplants. Trends Mol Med 2004; 10:532-41. [PMID: 15519279 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2004.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The field of organ transplantation has had tremendous success because of the availability of immunosuppressive drugs that efficiently prevent acute organ rejection. Numerous and severe side effects are, however, associated with all current immunosuppressive therapies and justify a search for drugs with better efficacy and safety profiles. Janus kinase (JAK) 3, a tyrosine kinase that is crucial for mediating signals from the common gamma-chain of cytokine receptors, is peculiar in that its expression, contrarily to the targets of most current immunosuppressive drugs, is limited to cells that actively participate to the immune response to allografts. The recent demonstration in stringent preclinical models that JAK3 inhibition results in efficacy for the prevention of allograft rejection with a narrow side-effect profile might lead to a new era in the field of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C Borie
- Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5407, USA.
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14
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Vu MD, Amanullah F, Li Y, Demirci G, Sayegh MH, Li XC. Different costimulatory and growth factor requirements for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-mediated rejection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:214-21. [PMID: 15210777 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Costimulatory signals and growth factor signals play a key role in commanding T cell activation and T cell effector function. However, how costimulatory signals and growth factor signals interact and integrate into the activation program of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during the allograft response remains poorly defined. In the present study we found that either CD4- or CD8-deficient mice can vigorously reject the skin allografts. Blocking rapamycin-sensitive growth factor signals produced long term skin allograft survival in CD4-deficient mice (mean survival time, >120 days), but not in CD8-deficient mice (mean survival time, 20 days). Analysis of CFSE-labeled cells proliferating in the allogeneic hosts revealed that clonal expansion of CD4(+) T cells in vivo was more resistant to growth factor blockade than that of CD8(+) T cells. However, blockade or genetic absence of CD28/CD154 costimulatory molecules rendered CD4(+) T cell-mediated rejection sensitive to rapamycin, and long term skin allograft survival can be readily induced by rapamycin in the absence of CD28/CD154 signals (>100 days). Furthermore, blocking OX40 costimulation induced long term skin allograft survival in CD4-deficient mice and CD8-deficient mice when both CD28 and CD154 were transiently blocked. We conclude that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells exhibit distinct sensitivity to growth factor blockade in transplant rejection, and CD28/CD154-independent rejection is sensitive to rapamycin and appears to be supported by OX40 costimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Diem Vu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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15
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O'Shea JJ, Pesu M, Borie DC, Changelian PS. A new modality for immunosuppression: targeting the JAK/STAT pathway. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004; 3:555-64. [PMID: 15232577 DOI: 10.1038/nrd1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Fotin-Mleczek M, Henkler F, Hausser A, Glauner H, Samel D, Graness A, Scheurich P, Mauri D, Wajant H. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor (TRAF) 1 Regulates CD40-induced TRAF2-mediated NF-κB Activation. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:677-85. [PMID: 14557256 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m310969200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate CD40 signaling complex formation in living cells, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged CD40 signaling intermediates and confocal life imaging. The majority of cytoplasmic TRAF2-GFP and, to a lesser extent, TRAF3-GFP, but not TRAF1-GFP or TRAF4-GFP, translocated into CD40 signaling complexes within a few minutes after CD40 triggering with the CD40 ligand. The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins cIAP1 and cIAP2 were also recruited by TRAF2 to sites of CD40 signaling. An excess of TRAF2 allowed recruitment of TRAF1-GFP to sites of CD40 signaling, whereas an excess of TRAF1 abrogated the interaction of TRAF2 and CD40. Overexpression of TRAF1, however, had no effect on the interaction of TRADD and TRAF2, known to be important for tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1)-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Accordingly, TRAF1 inhibited CD40-dependent but not TNF-R1-dependent NF-kappaB activation. Moreover, down-regulation of TRAF1 with small interfering RNAs enhanced CD40/CD40 ligand-induced NF-kappaB activation but showed no effect on TNF signaling. Because of the trimeric organization of TRAF proteins, we propose that the stoichiometry of TRAF1-TRAF2 heteromeric complexes ((TRAF2)2-TRAF1 versus TRAF2-(TRAF1)2) determines their capability to mediate CD40 signaling but has no major effect on TNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Fotin-Mleczek
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Säemann MD, Diakos C, Kelemen P, Kriehuber E, Zeyda M, Böhmig GA, Hörl WH, Baumruker T, Zlabinger GJ. Prevention of CD40-triggered dendritic cell maturation and induction of T-cell hyporeactivity by targeting of Janus kinase 3. Am J Transplant 2003; 3:1341-9. [PMID: 14525593 DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-6143.2003.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) has been employed successfully to control allograft rejection and graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Recent evidence suggests that in addition to its involvement in common-gamma chain (cgamma) signaling of cytokine receptors, JAK3 is also engaged in the CD40 signaling pathway of peripheral blood monocytes. In this study, we assessed the consequences of JAK3 inhibition during CD40-induced maturation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), and tested the impact thereof on the induction of T-cell alloreactivity. Dendritic cells triggering through CD40 induced JAK3 activity, the expression of costimulatory molecules, production of IL-12, and potent allogeneic stimulatory capacity. In contrast, JAK3 inhibition with the rationally designed JAK3 inhibitor WHI-P-154 prevented these effects arresting the DCs at an immature level. Interestingly, DCs exposed to the JAK3-inhibitor during CD40-ligation induced a state of hyporeactivity in alloreactive T cells that was reversible upon exogenous IL-2 supplementation to secondary cultures. These results suggest that immunosuppressive therapies targeting the tyrosine kinase JAK3 may also affect the function of myeloid cells. This property of JAK3 inhibitors therefore represents a further level of interference, which together with the well-established suppression of cgamma signaling could be responsible for their clinical efficacy.
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18
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Abstract
CD40 is an important regulator of diverse aspects of the immune response including the T-cell-dependent humoral immune response, the development of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and inflammation. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), a protein encoded by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), appears to mimic CD40 in multiple ways. CD40 and LMP1 bind similar sets of cellular signalling proteins and activate overlapping signalling pathways. Despite many similarities shared between CD40 and LMP1, they also differ substantively. In this review, we will compare and contrast the signalling mediated by CD40 and LMP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Lam
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53713, USA
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19
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Jabara H, Laouini D, Tsitsikov E, Mizoguchi E, Bhan A, Castigli E, Dedeoglu F, Pivniouk V, Brodeur S, Geha R. The binding site for TRAF2 and TRAF3 but not for TRAF6 is essential for CD40-mediated immunoglobulin class switching. Immunity 2002; 17:265-76. [PMID: 12354380 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To define the role of TRAF proteins in CD40-dependent isotype switching in B cells, we introduced wild-type (WT) and mutant CD40 transgenes that lacked the binding motifs for TRAF6 (CD40deltaTRAF6), TRAF2 and TRAF3 (CD40deltaTRAF2/3), or both (CD40deltaTRAFs) into B cells of CD40(-/-) mice. The in vivo isotype switch defect in CD40(-/-) mice was fully corrected by WT and CD40deltaTRAF6, partially by CD40deltaTRAF2/3, and not at all by CD40deltaTRAFs transgenes. CD40-mediated isotype switching, proliferation, and activation of p38, JNK, and NFkappaB in B cells were normal in WT and CD40deltaTRAF6 mice, severely impaired in CD40deltaTRAF2/3, and absent in CD40deltaTRAFs mice. These results suggest that binding to TRAF2 and/or TRAF3 but not TRAF6 is essential for CD40 isotype switching and activation in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Jabara
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Orange JS, Brodeur SR, Jain A, Bonilla FA, Schneider LC, Kretschmer R, Nurko S, Rasmussen WL, Köhler JR, Gellis SE, Ferguson BM, Strominger JL, Zonana J, Ramesh N, Ballas ZK, Geha RS. Deficient natural killer cell cytotoxicity in patients with IKK-γ/NEMO mutations. J Clin Invest 2002. [DOI: 10.1172/jci0214858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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21
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Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. CD40-mediated regulation of immune responses by TRAF-dependent and TRAF-independent signaling mechanisms. Adv Immunol 2001; 76:61-178. [PMID: 11079098 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(01)76019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Grammer
- Intramural Research Program of National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Notarangelo
- Istituto di Medicina Molecolare 'Angelo Nocivelli', Department of Paediatrics, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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23
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Morio T, Hanissian SH, Bacharier LB, Teraoka H, Nonoyama S, Seki M, Kondo J, Nakano H, Lee SK, Geha RS, Yata J. Ku in the cytoplasm associates with CD40 in human B cells and translocates into the nucleus following incubation with IL-4 and anti-CD40 mAb. Immunity 1999; 11:339-48. [PMID: 10514012 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD40 plays a critical role in survival, growth, differentiation, and class switching of B lymphocytes. Although Ku is required for immunoglobulin class switching, how CD40 signal transduction is coupled to Ku is still unknown. Here, we show that CD40 directly interacts with Ku through the membrane-proximal region of cytoplasmic CD40. Ku was confined to the cytoplasm in human primary B cells, and the engagement of CD40 on the B cells cultured in the presence of IL-4 resulted in the dissociation of Ku from CD40, translocation of Ku into the nucleus, and increase in the activity of DNA-dependent protein kinase. These findings indicate that Ku is involved in the CD40 signal transduction pathway and may play an important role in the CD40-mediated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morio
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University School of Medicine, Japan.
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