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Holl NJ, Lee HJ, Huang YW. Evolutionary Timeline of Genetic Delivery and Gene Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:89-111. [PMID: 33292120 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666201208092517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There are more than 3,500 genes that are being linked to hereditary diseases or correlated with an elevated risk of certain illnesses. As an alternative to conventional treatments with small molecule drugs, gene therapy has arisen as an effective treatment with the potential to not just alleviate disease conditions but also cure them completely. In order for these treatment regimens to work, genes or editing tools intended to correct diseased genetic material must be efficiently delivered to target sites. There have been many techniques developed to achieve such a goal. In this article, we systematically review a variety of gene delivery and therapy methods that include physical methods, chemical and biochemical methods, viral methods, and genome editing. We discuss their historical discovery, mechanisms, advantages, limitations, safety, and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Holl
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Business, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
| | - Han-Jung Lee
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, College of Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Wern Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Business, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States
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2
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Menezes ME, Talukdar S, Wechman SL, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Prospects of Gene Therapy to Treat Melanoma. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 138:213-237. [PMID: 29551128 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma has continued to increase over the past 30 years. Hence, developing effective therapies to treat both primary and metastatic melanoma are essential. While advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have provided novel therapeutic options to treat melanoma, gene therapy may provide additional strategies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma clinically. This review focuses upon the challenges and opportunities that gene therapy provides for targeting melanoma. We begin with a discussion of the various gene therapy targets which are relevant to melanoma. Next, we explore the gene therapy clinical trials that have been conducted for treating melanoma. Finally, challenges faced in gene therapy as well as combination therapies for targeting melanoma, which may circumvent these obstacles, will be discussed. Targeted combination gene therapy strategies hold significant promise for developing the most effective therapeutic outcomes, while reducing the toxicity to noncancerous cells, and would integrate the patient's immune system to diminish melanoma progression. Next-generation vectors designed to embody required safety profiles and "theranostic" attributes, combined with immunotherapeutic strategies would be critical in achieving beneficial management and therapeutic outcomes in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E Menezes
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Stephen L Wechman
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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3
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Peterson CD, Skorput AGJ, Kitto KF, Wilcox GL, Vulchanova L, Fairbanks CA. AAV-Mediated Gene Delivery to the Spinal Cord by Intrathecal Injection. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1950:199-207. [PMID: 30783975 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9139-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy targeting the spinal cord is an important tool for analyzing mechanisms of nervous system diseases and the development of gene therapies. Analogous to a lumbar puncture in humans, the rodent spinal cord can be accessed through an efficient, noninvasive injection. Here we describe a method for AAV-mediated gene transfer to cells of the spinal cord by intrathecal injection of small quantities of AAV vector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelley F Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - George L Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Sun X, Guo Q, Wei W, Robertson S, Yuan Y, Luo X. Current Progress on MicroRNA-Based Gene Delivery in the Treatment of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fracture. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:6782653. [PMID: 30962808 PMCID: PMC6431398 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6782653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that microRNAs, as important endogenous posttranscriptional regulators, are essential for bone remodeling and regeneration. Undoubtedly, microRNA-based gene therapies show great potential to become novel approaches against bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis and associated fractures. The major obstacles for continued advancement of microRNA-based therapies in clinical application include their poor in vivo stability, nonspecific biodistribution, and unwanted side effects. Appropriate chemical modifications and delivery vectors, which improve the biological performance and potency of microRNA-based drugs, hold the key to translating miRNA technologies into clinical practice. Thus, this review summarizes the current attempts and existing deficiencies of chemical modifications and delivery systems applied in microRNA-based therapies for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures to inform further explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138# Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenhua Wei
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Stratigopoulos G, De Rosa MC, LeDuc CA, Leibel RL, Doege CA. DMSO increases efficiency of genome editing at two non-coding loci. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198637. [PMID: 29864154 PMCID: PMC5986138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9) has become the tool of choice for genome editing. Despite the fact that it has evolved as a highly efficient means to edit/replace coding sequence, CRISPR/Cas9 efficiency for “clean” editing of non-coding DNA remains low. We set out to introduce a single base-pair substitution in two intronic SNPs at the FTO locus without altering nearby non-coding sequence. Substitution efficiency increased up to 10-fold by treatment of human embryonic stem cells (ESC) with non-toxic levels of DMSO (1%) before CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. Treatment with DMSO did not result in CRISPR/Cas9 off-target effects or compromise the chromosomal stability of the ESC. Twenty-four hour treatment of human ESC with DMSO before CRISPR/Cas9 delivery may prove a simple means to increase editing efficiency of non-coding DNA without incorporation of undesirable mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Stratigopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria Caterina De Rosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Charles A. LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Rudolph L. Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Claudia A. Doege
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
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MicroRNA-93-5p may participate in the formation of morphine tolerance in bone cancer pain mouse model by targeting Smad5. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52104-52114. [PMID: 27438143 PMCID: PMC5239538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to find out the role of microRNA-93-5p (miR-93) and Smad5 in morphine tolerance in mouse models of bone cancer pain (BCP). RESULTS At 7 days after injection of morphine, the PMWT showed no significant difference between the morphine model group and the saline model group (P < 0.05), suggesting that morphine tolerance had formed in the morphine model group. The morphine model group had higher miR-93 expression and lower Smad5 mRNA expression than the saline model group. Smad5 is a downstream target gene of miR-93. At 7, 9 and 14 days after injection of lentiviruses, the L/anti-miR-93 group had the lowest PMWTs, while the Smad5 shRNA group presented the highest PMWTs among these five groups (all P < 0.05). METHODS We built mouse models of BCP and morphine tolerance and recorded 50% PMWT. After 6 days of modeling, we set saline control group, morphine control, saline model group and morphine model group (morphine tolerance emerged). We performed luciferase reporter gene assay to verify the relation between miR-93 and Smad5. After lentivirus transfection, the mice with morphine tolerance were assigned into L/anti-miR-93 group, Smad5 shRNA group, L/anti-miR-93 + Smad5 shRNA group, blank group and PBS control group. RT-qPCR, Western Blot assay and immumohistochemical staining were performed to observe the changes of miR-93 and Smad5. CONCLUSION Up-regulation of miR-93 may contribute to the progression of morphine tolerance by targeting Smad5 in mouse model of BCP.
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Abstract
Lentiviral-mediated transfection technique is a powerful tool for gene modification in preclinical studies. By using this technique, the desired gene modification can be achieved easily in immune cells, nondividing and terminally differentiated cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, neurons, and even tumor cells, which other viral vectors cannot do. The main considerations of therapeutic gene delivery using a lentiviral system are the risk of insertional mutagenesis and the immune reaction elicited by infected cells. Although some biosafety concerns need to be addressed before clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis, the lentiviral system targeting therapeutic targets has been widely used for in vivo gene transfer in animal models. In this chapter, the protocols for production of viral particles and viral concentration are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
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8
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Tokgun O, Fiorentino FP, Tokgun PE, Yokota J, Akca H. Design of a Lentiviral Vector for the Inducible Expression of MYC: A New Strategy for Construction Approach. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:200-206. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Gautam P, Recino A, Foale RD, Zhao J, Gan SU, Wallberg M, Calne R, Lever AML. Promoter optimisation of lentiviral vectors for efficient insulin gene expression in canine mesenchymal stromal cells: potential surrogate beta cells. J Gene Med 2016; 18:312-321. [PMID: 27572655 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of an ideal cell type that can be easily acquired, modified to produce insulin, and re-implanted has been a limitation for ex vivo insulin gene therapy. Canine diabetes is currently treated with human insulin and is a good model for human diabetes. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising candidate cell type for gene therapy. In the present study, we optimised insulin production using lentiviral transduced canine MSCs (cMSCs), aiming to evaluate their ability for use as surrogate beta cells. METHODS Canine MSCs were derived from bone marrow and validated by measuring the expression of MSC lineage specific markers. Lentivirus vectors encoding the proinsulin gene (with or without a Kozak sequence) under the control of spleen focus forming virus, cytomegalovirus, elongation factor 1α and simian virus 40 promotors were generated and used to transduce primary cMSCs and a hepatocyte cell line. The insulin-producing capacity of transduced primary cMSCs was assessed by measuring the concentration of C-peptide produced. RESULTS Primary cMSC could be readily expanded in culture and efficiently transduced using lentiviral vectors encoding proinsulin. Increasing the multiplicity of infection from 3 to 20 led to an increase in C-peptide secretion (from 1700 to 4000 pmol/l). The spleen focus forming virus promoter conferred the strongest transcriptional ability. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that optimised lentiviral transduction of the insulin gene into primary cMSCs renders these cells capable of secreting insulin over both the short- and long-term, in sufficient quantities in vitro to support their potential use in insulin gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratigya Gautam
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Asha Recino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert D Foale
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom, Suffolk, UK
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shu Uin Gan
- Department of Surgery, National Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maja Wallberg
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom, Suffolk, UK
| | - Roy Calne
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Hu S, Mohan Kumar D, Sax C, Schuler C, Akkina R. Pseudotyping of lentiviral vector with novel vesiculovirus envelope glycoproteins derived from Chandipura and Piry viruses. Virology 2015; 488:162-8. [PMID: 26650691 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) is widely used for pseudotyping of lentiviral vectors, sub-optimal gene transfer into certain cell types and its sensitivity to inactivation by human complement hinders its broader applications. To find alternative candidates, here we evaluated two serologically distinct novel viral envelopes derived from Chandipura (CNV-G) and Piry (PRV-G) vesiculoviruses. Both permitted generation of high titer psuedotyped lentiviral vectors with a capacity for high efficiency gene transfer into various cell types from different species. In human lymphoid and hematopoietic stem cells, their transduction efficiency was significantly lower than that of VSV-G. However, both novel envelopes were found to be more resistant to inactivation by human serum complement compared to VSV-G. Thus CNV-G and PRV-G envelopes can be harnessed for multiple uses in the future based on the cell type that needs to be gene transduced and possibly for in vivo gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Dipu Mohan Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Chelsea Sax
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Clayton Schuler
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ramesh Akkina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Suppression of EZH2 Prevents the Shift of Osteoporotic MSC Fate to Adipocyte and Enhances Bone Formation During Osteoporosis. Mol Ther 2015; 24:217-229. [PMID: 26307668 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During osteoporosis, the shift of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineage commitment to adipocyte leads to the imbalance between bone mass and fat, which increases the risk of fracture. The Enhancer of Zeste homology 2 (EZH2), which methylates histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3), controls MSC cell lineage commitment. However, whether EZH2 is related to osteoporosis remains elusive. In our study, we found EZH2 expression was significantly increased in osteoporotic MSCs. EZH2 directly increased H3K27me3 levels on promoters of Wnt1, Wnt6, and Wnt10a to silence Wnt gene transcription. The inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling shifted MSC cell lineage commitment to adipocyte. Knockdown of EZH2 by lentivirus-expressing shRNA rescued the abnormal fate of osteoporotic MSC. By employing the H3K27me3 inhibitor DZNep, we effectively derepressed Wnt signaling and improved osteogenic differentiation of osteoporotic MSCs in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo administration of DZNep successfully increased bone formation and repressed excessive bone marrow fat formation in osteoporotic mice. Noteworthy, DZNep treatment persistently enhanced osteogenic differentiation of endogenous MSCs. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that redundant EZH2 shifted MSC cell lineage commitment to adipocyte, which contributed to the development of osteoporosis. We also provided EZH2 as a novel therapeutic target for improving bone formation during osteoporosis.
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Zhang C, Chen X, Li Y, S W A H, Wu J, Shi X, Liu X, Kim S. si-RNA-Mediated Silencing of ADRBK1 Gene Attenuates Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015; 29:303-9. [PMID: 25279970 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Breast cancer is the most prominent cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. It has been found that genetic mutations play distinct roles in the onset and progression of breast cancer. Androgenic, beta, receptor kinase 1 (ADRBK1) has been reported to possess oncogenic characteristics vital for cancer cell viability. This study was designed to investigate the effects of small interference RNA (si-RNA)-mediated ADRBK1 knockdown on breast cancer cell growth in vitro. High-expression levels of ADRBK1 were observed in all tested breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, T-47D, and BT-474). ADRBK1 si-RNA was delivered to breast cancer cells using lentivirus delivery system. Depletion of ADRBK1 significantly attenuated the cell viability and colony-formation ability. Flow cytometry analysis further demonstrated that ADRBK1 silencing led to MDA-MB-231 cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Collectively, these results indicate that knockdown of ADRBK1 gene has detrimental effects on breast cancer cell growth, which may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- 1 Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
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Chen S, Shao C, Dong T, Chai H, Xiong X, Sun D, Zhang L, Yu Y, Wang P, Cheng F. Transplantation of ATP7B-transduced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells decreases copper overload in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111425. [PMID: 25375371 PMCID: PMC4222898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that transplantation of ATP7B-transduced hepatocytes ameliorates disease progression in LEC (Long-Evans Cinnamon) rats, a model of Wilson's disease (WD). However, the inability of transplanted cells to proliferate in a normal liver hampers long-term treatment. In the current study, we investigated whether transplantation of ATP7B-transduced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) could decrease copper overload in LEC rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The livers of LEC rats were preconditioned with radiation (RT) and/or ischemia-reperfusion (IRP) before portal vein infusion of ATP7B-transduced MSCs (MSCsATP7B). The volumes of MSCsATP7B or saline injected as controls were identical. The expression of ATP7B was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at 4, 12 and 24 weeks post-transplantation. MSCATP7B repopulation, liver copper concentrations, serum ceruloplasmin levels, and alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were also analyzed at each time-point post-transplantation. RESULTS IRP-plus-RT preconditioning was the most effective strategy for enhancing the engraftment and repopulation of transplanted MSCsATP7B. This strategy resulted in higher ATP7B expression and serum ceruloplasmin, and lower copper concentration in this doubly preconditioned group compared with the saline control group, the IRP group, and the RT group at all three time-points post-transplantation (p<0.05 for all). Moreover, 24 weeks post-transplantation, the levels of ALT and AST in the IRP group, the RT group, and the IRP-plus-RT group were all significantly decreased compared to those of the saline group (p<0.05 compared with the IRP group and RT group, p<0.01 compared with IRP-plus-RT group); ALT and AST levels were significantly lower in the IRP-plus-RT group compared to either the IRP group or the RT group (p<0.01 and p<0.05. respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that transplantation of MSCsATP7B into IRP-plus-RT preconditioned LEC rats decreased copper overload and was associated with an increase in MSC engraftment and repopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Ward of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuhu No. 2 People's Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cunhua Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tianfu Dong
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Chai
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinkui Xiong
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Daoyi Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Park SW, Pyo CW, Choi SY. High-efficiency lentiviral transduction of primary human CD34⁺ hematopoietic cells with low-dose viral inocula. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:281-8. [PMID: 25257593 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lentivirus-based vectors have the potential to transduce non-dividing primary stem cells. However, primary cells tend to be less susceptible to manipulation and require a high concentration of virus inoculum. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of the lentivirus inoculum may raise safety risks. Therefore, to develop a technique that allows high transduction efficiency at low multiplicities of infection (MOIs), we optimized a lentivirus-based system for cell lines and primary cells by determining the best condition using various parameters. When progenitor cell assays were conducted using human CD34(+) bone marrow and mononuclear cells, the transduction condition yielded a great number of eGFP(+) colonies with lower-dose viral inocula compared to that of current lentivirus-based transduction technologies. In conclusion, this system is anticipated to produce stable expression of a gene introduced into primary cells for preclinical studies with lower safety risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea,
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15
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Wang X, Ao Z, Danappa Jayappa K, Shi B, Kobinger G, Yao X. R88-APOBEC3Gm Inhibits the Replication of Both Drug-resistant Strains of HIV-1 and Viruses Produced From Latently Infected Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e151. [PMID: 24594845 PMCID: PMC4027983 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance and the latent reservoir are the two major obstacles to effectively controlling and curing HIV-1 infection. Therefore, it is critical to develop therapeutic strategies specifically targeting these two obstacles. Recently, we described a novel anti-HIV approach based on a modified human intrinsic restriction factor, R88-APOBEC3G (R88-A3G). In this study, we further characterized the antiviral potential of R88-A3GD128K (R88-A3Gm) against drug-resistant strains of HIV-1 and viruses produced from latently infected cells. We delivered R88-A3Gm into target cells using a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible lentiviral vector and demonstrated that its expression and antiviral activity were highly regulated by Dox. In the presence of Dox, R88-A3Gm–transduced T cells were resistant to infection caused by wild-type and various drug-resistant strains of HIV-1. Moreover, when the R88-A3Gm–expressing vector was transduced into the HIV-1 latently infected ACH-2 cell line or human CD4+ T cells, on activation by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate or phytohemaglutinin, R88-A3Gm was able to curtail the replication of progeny viruses. Altogether, these data clearly indicate that R88-A3Gm is a highly potent HIV-1 inhibitor, and R88-A3Gm–based anti-HIV gene therapy is capable of targeting both active and latent HIV-1–infected cells to prevent subsequent viral replication and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhujun Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kallesh Danappa Jayappa
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Bei Shi
- Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Human Retrovirology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Wang N, Rajasekaran N, Hou T, Mellins ED. Transgene expression in various organs post BM-HSC transplantation. Stem Cell Res 2013; 12:209-21. [PMID: 24270160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy mediated by bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (BM-HSC) has been widely used in treating genetic deficiencies in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. Using mitotically inactive cell-targeting lentivirus with separate promoters for our gene of interest (the murine MHC class II (MHCII) chaperone, invariant chain (Ii)) and a GFP reporter, we monitored the expression and function of introduced Ii in various types of professional antigen presenting cells (B cells, macrophages and DC) from different organs (spleen, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN), BM and blood). Ii and GFP were detected. Ii levels correlated with GFP levels only in macrophages and monocytes from spleen, monocytes from PLN and macrophage precursors from blood. By cell type, Ii levels in PLN cells were more similar to those in spleen cells than to those in blood or BM cells. Functionally, Ii expressed in PLN or spleen had more effect on MHCII abundance than Ii expressed in BM or blood. The results have implications for analysis of the outcomes of gene therapy when both therapeutic and reporter genes are introduced. The findings also have implications for understanding the development of immune molecule function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Program in Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Narendiran Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Program in Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Tieying Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Program in Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth D Mellins
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Program in Human Gene Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Wang H, Yu Z, Liu S, Liu X, Sui A, Yao R, Luo Z, Li C. Lentivirus-mediated LIGHT overexpression inhibits human colorectal carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo.. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:927-932. [PMID: 24137438 PMCID: PMC3796404 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human LIGHT (lymphotoxin-related inducible ligand that competes for glycoprotein D binding to herpesvirus entry mediator on T cells) is the 14th member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and is therefore also known as TNFSF14. LIGHT has been proven to be a multifunctional molecule affecting cell proliferation, differentiation and a number of other biological processes, in particular, cell growth inhibition. However, the expression and molecular mechanisms of the LIGHT gene in human colorectal carcinoma cells remain largely unclear. In the present study, the LIGHT gene was overexpressed using a lentiviral expression vector in HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo, in order to explore the mechanism by which the LIGHT gene inhibits cell growth and suppresses tumor formation. The results showed that the recombinant lentivirus with LIGHT overexpression inhibited the proliferative capacity of the HCT116 cells and significantly decreased the xenografted tumor volumes in nude mice. Furthermore, LIGHT treatment effectively initiated increased caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 activities in the HCT116 cells. This study provides a basis for the improved understanding of the role and molecular mechanisms of the LIGHT gene in human colorectal carcinoma cells and may facilitate further functional studies of LIGHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Thomas AM, Shea LD. Polysaccharide-modified scaffolds for controlled lentivirus delivery in vitro and after spinal cord injury. J Control Release 2013; 170:421-9. [PMID: 23791981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivering biomaterials have increasingly been employed to modulate the cellular microenvironment to promote tissue regeneration, yet low transduction efficiency has been a persistent challenge for in vivo applications. In this report, we investigated the surface modification of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffolds with polysaccharides, which have been implicated in binding lentivirus but have not been used for delivery. Chitosan was directly conjugated onto PLG scaffolds, whereas heparin and hyaluronan were indirectly conjugated onto PLG scaffolds with multi-amine crosslinkers. The addition of chitosan and heparin onto PLG promoted the association of lentivirus to these scaffolds and enhanced their transduction efficiency in vitro relative to hyaluronan-conjugated and control scaffolds that had limited lentivirus association and transduction. Transduction efficiency in vitro was increased partly due to an enhanced retention of virus on the scaffold as well as an extended half-life of viral activity. Transduction efficiency was also evaluated in vivo using porous, multiple channel PLG bridges that delivered lentivirus to the injured mouse spinal cord. Transgene expression persisted for weeks after implantation, and was able to enhance axon growth and myelination. These studies support gene-delivering PLG scaffolds for in vivo regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Balaji S, King A, Dhamija Y, Le LD, Shaaban AF, Crombleholme TM, Keswani SG. Pseudotyped adeno-associated viral vectors for gene transfer in dermal fibroblasts: implications for wound-healing applications. J Surg Res 2013; 184:691-8. [PMID: 23590866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-specific gene transfer and sustained transgene expression are goals of cutaneous gene therapy. Pseudotyping strategy with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has the potential to confer unique cellular tropism and transduction efficiency. We hypothesize that pseudotyped AAV vectors have differential tropism and transduction efficiency under normal and wound conditions in dermal fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS We packaged AAV2 genome with green fluorescent protein reporter in capsids of other serotypes, AAV5, AAV7, and AAV8, producing pseudotyped vectors AAV2/5, AAV2/7, and AAV2/8, respectively. Murine and human dermal fibroblasts were transduced by the different pseudotypes for 24 h at multiplicities of infection 10(2), 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5). We assessed transduction efficiency at days 3 and 7. Experiments were repeated in a simulated wound environment by adding 10 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor-B to culture media. RESULTS Transduction efficiency of the pseudotyped AAV vectors was dose dependent. Multiplicity of infection 10(5) resulted in significantly higher gene transfer. Under normal culture conditions, the pseudotyping strategy conferred differential transduction of dermal fibroblasts, with significantly enhanced transduction of murine cells by AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 compared with AAV2/2. Adeno-associated virus 2/8 was more efficacious in transducing human cells. Under wound conditions, transduction efficiency of AAV2/2, 2/5, and 2/8 was significantly lower in murine fibroblasts. At day 3 under wound conditions, all vectors demonstrated similar transduction efficiency, but by day 7, the three pseudotyped vectors transduced significantly more murine cells compared with AAV2/2. However, in human cells, there was no significant difference in the transduction efficiency of each pseudotype between normal and wound conditions at both 3 and 7 d. CONCLUSIONS The AAV pseudotyping strategy represents a gene transfer technology that can result in differential transduction of dermal fibroblasts. The differences in transduction efficiency in murine and human dermal fibroblasts in both the normal and wound environment highlight issues with translatability of gene transfer techniques. These data provide a template for using pseudotyped AAV vectors in cutaneous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Balaji
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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20
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Sun VZ, Choe UJ, Rodriguez AR, Dai H, Deming TJ, Kamei DT. Transfection of mammalian cells using block copolypeptide vesicles. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:539-50. [PMID: 23460310 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An arginine-leucine block copolypeptide (R60 L20 ) is synthesized, which is capable of forming vesicles with controllable sizes, able to transport hydrophilic cargo across the cell membrane, and exhibit relatively low cytotoxicity. The R60 L20 vesicles also possess the ability to deliver DNA into mammalian cells for transfection. Although the transfection efficiency is lower than that of the commercially available transfection agent Lipofectamine 2000, the R60 L20 vesicles are able to achieve transfection with significantly lower cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. This behavior is potentially due to its stronger interaction with DNA which subsequently provides better protection against anionic heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Z Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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21
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Zhao X, Zhu DM, Gan WJ, Li Z, Zhang JL, Zhao H, Zhou J, Li DC. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference targeting vascular endothelial growth factor inhibits angiogenesis and progression of human pancreatic carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:1019-26. [PMID: 23254994 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is known to be essential to the survival, growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important factor regulating tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on angiogenesis and progression in the pancreatic cancer cell line Patu8988 in vitro and in vivo. The study aimed to construct a recombinant lentivirus carrying targeted VEGF shRNA (LV-RNAi) to be used to transfect Patu8988 cells, and we investigated its anti-angiogenic and growth inhibitory effects on pancreatic cancer. VEGF expression was measured by RQ-PCR, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In subcutaneous transplantation models, tumor volumes were determined, and the expression levels of VEGF and CD34 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to determine apoptosis. In the orthotopic transplantation models, tumor volume and liver metastasis were determined. We successfully constructed LV-RNAi and confirmed that it knocked down the VEGF gene at the mRNA and protein levels in Patu8988 cells. In the subcutaneous transplantation models, tumors with low levels of VEGF expression exhibited reduced pancreatic carcinoma angiogenesis and growth, and the apoptotic index was significantly higher. In the orthotopic transplantation models, tumors with low levels of VEGF expression exhibited significantly reduced pancreatic carcinoma growth, but no significant difference was observed between the three mouse groups, LV-RNAi, LV-NC and the control, in regards to liver metastasis. In summary, lentivirus-mediated RNAi silencing of VEGF inhibited tumor angiogenesis and growth, and increased apoptosis of the pancreatic cancer cell line Patu8988. VEGF targeted gene silencing approach has the potential to serve as a novel treatment for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
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22
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely used as a tool for gene knockdown in fundamental research and for the development of new RNA-based therapeutics. The RNAi pathway is typically induced by expression of ∼22 base pair (bp) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which can be transfected into cells. For long-term gene silencing, short hairpin RNA (shRNA), or artificial microRNA (amiRNA) expression constructs have been developed that produce these RNAi inducers inside the cell. Currently, these types of constructs are broadly applied to knock down any gene of interest. Besides mono RNAi strategies that involve single shRNAs or amiRNAs, combinatorial RNAi approaches have been developed that allow the simultaneous expression of multiple siRNAs or amiRNAs by using polycistrons, extended shRNAs (e-shRNAs), or long hairpin RNAs (lhRNAs). Here, we provide practical information for the construction of single shRNA or amiRNA vectors, but also multi-shRNA/amiRNA constructs. Furthermore, we summarize the advantages and limitations of the most commonly used viral vectors for the expression of RNAi inducers.
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23
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Garaulet G, Alfranca A, Torrente M, Escolano A, López-Fontal R, Hortelano S, Redondo JM, Rodríguez A. IL10 released by a new inflammation-regulated lentiviral system efficiently attenuates zymosan-induced arthritis. Mol Ther 2012; 21:119-30. [PMID: 22760540 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of anti-inflammatory cytokines is a common therapeutic strategy in chronic inflammatory diseases. Gene therapy is an efficient method for delivering therapeutic molecules to target cells. Expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin (ESEL), which is expressed in the early stages of inflammation, is controlled by proinflammatory cytokines, making its promoter a good candidate for the design of inflammation-regulated gene therapy vectors. This study describes an ESEL promoter (ESELp)-based lentiviral vector (LV) that drives localized transgene expression during inflammation. Mouse matrigel plug assays with ESELp-transduced endothelial cells showed that systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration selectively induces ESELp-controlled luciferase expression in vivo. Inflammation-specific induction was confirmed in a mouse model of arthritis, showing that this LV is repeatedly induced early in acute inflammation episodes and is downregulated during remission. Moreover, the local acute inflammatory response in this animal model was efficiently blocked by expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL10) driven by our LV system. This inflammation-regulated expression system has potential application in the design of new strategies for the local treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Garaulet
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Keswani SG, Balaji S, Le L, Leung A, Lim FY, Habli M, Jones HN, Wilson JM, Crombleholme TM. Pseudotyped adeno-associated viral vector tropism and transduction efficiencies in murine wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2012; 20:592-600. [PMID: 22713157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2012.00810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell specific gene transfer and sustained transgene expression are goals of cutaneous gene therapy for tissue repair and regeneration. Adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2/2) mediated gene transfer to the skin results in stable transgene expression in the muscle fascicles of the panniculus carnosus in mice, with minimal gene transfer to the dermal or epidermal elements. We hypothesized that pseudotyped AAV vectors may have a unique and characteristic tropism and transduction efficiency profile for specific cells in the cutaneous wounds. We compared transduction efficiencies of cells in the epidermis, cells in the dermis, and the fascicles of the panniculus carnosus by AAV2/2 and three pseudotyped AAV vectors, AAV2/5, AAV2/7, and AAV2/8 in a murine excisional wound model. AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 result in significantly enhanced transduction of cells both in the epidermis and the dermis compared to AAV2/2. AAV2/5 transduces both the basilar and supra-basilar keratinocytes. In contrast, AAV2/8 transduces mainly supra-basilar keratinocytes. Both AAV2/7 and AAV2/8 result in more efficient gene transfer to the muscular panniculus carnosus compared to AAV2/2. The capsid of the different pseudotyped AAV vectors produces distinct tropism and efficiency profiles in the murine wound healing model. Both AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 administration result in significantly enhanced gene transfer. To further characterize cell specific transduction and tropism profiles of the AAV pseudotyped vectors, we performed in vitro experiments using human and mouse primary dermal fibroblasts. Our data demonstrate that pseudotyping strategy confers a differential transduction of dermal fibroblasts, with higher transduction of both human and murine cells by AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 at early and later time points. At later time points, AAV2/2 demonstrates increased transduction. Interestingly, AAV2/8 appears to be more efficacious in transducing human cells as compared to AAV2/5. The pseudotype-specific pattern of transduction and tropism observed both in vivo and in vitro suggests that choice of AAV vectors should be based on the desired target cell and the timing of transgene expression in wound healing for gene transfer therapy in dermal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep G Keswani
- Center for Molecular Fetal Therapy, Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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Zhou J, Zhang ZX, Zhao H, Zhu DM, Zhang Y, Li DC. Anti-angiogenesis by lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNA silencing of angiopoietin-2 gene in pancreatic carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2012; 10:361-9. [PMID: 21728393 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) has been shown highly expressed in resected human pancreatic carcinoma samples, but the role of it is less clear. We were, therefore, interested in exploring the effects of Ang2 silencing on the angiogenesis and growth of pancreatic carcinoma. Lentivirus mediated Ang2 small hairpin RNA (LV-RNAi) were transfected into pancreatic carcinoma cell line MIA PaCa-2. Three groups were designed in this study: the control group (Mia PaCa-2 cells), the LV-NC group (cells transfected with the control GFP-lentivirus) and the LV-RNAi group (cells transfected with LV-RNAi). The mRNA and protein level of Ang2 gene were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot respectively. MTT assay and Flow Cytometry were used to detect the cell growth and apoptosis. Anti-angiogenesis effect was measured by chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In nude mice bearing tumors, after treatment with intratumoral injection of LV-RNAi, mice growth and tumor volume were observed, and the expression of Ang2, VEGF and CD34 were measured by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group and the LV-NC group, the mRNA and protein level of Ang2 gene were successfully knocked down in LV- RNAi group. Also the vessel count was decreased in CAM assay after LV-RNAi transfection. Meanwhile, no obvious cell viability and apoptosis changes were found in MTT assay and Flow Cytometry, respectively. LV-RNAi inhibited pancreatic carcinoma angio- genesis and growth by downregulating the expression of VEGF and CD34. These findings demonstrate that Ang2 gene silencing may exert a anti-angiogenesis effect in vitro and in vivo, and Ang2 targeted gene therapy has the potential to serve as a novel way for pancreatic carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou 21500, China
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Chung J, Rossi JJ, Jung U. Current progress and challenges in HIV gene therapy. Future Virol 2011; 6:1319-1328. [PMID: 22754586 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.11.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 causes AIDS, a syndrome that affects millions of people globally. Existing HAART is efficient in slowing down disease progression but cannot eradicate the virus. Furthermore the severity of the side effects and the emergence of drug-resistant mutants call for better therapy. Gene therapy serves as an attractive alternative as it reconstitutes the immune system with HIV-resistant cells and could thereby provide a potential cure. The feasibility of this approach was first demonstrated with the 'Berlin patient', who was functionally cured from HIV/AIDS with undetectable HIV-1 viral load after transplantation of bone marrow harboring a naturally occurring CCR5 mutation that blocks viral entry. Here, we give an overview of the current status of HIV gene therapy and remaining challenges and obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Chung
- Division of Molecular & Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, CA 91010, USA
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Chu CC, Pan KL, Yao HT, Hsu JTA. Development of a whole-cell screening system for evaluation of the human CYP1A2-mediated metabolism. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:2932-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Increasing numbers of regenerative approaches now involve use of adult stem cells, like the bone marrow MSC or the adipose-derived ASC. With their ease of in vitro manipulation and successful tissue integration in vivo, the ASC makes an attractive candidate for gene delivery in vivo using viral-based gene therapy strategies. As such, this chapter describes methods for the transduction of human ASCs with two popular types of recombinant viruses: adenovirus and lentivirus.
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Towards β-globin gene-targeting with integrase-defective lentiviral vectors. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1615-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kouroupi G, Lavdas AA, Gaitanou M, Thomaidou D, Stylianopoulou F, Matsas R. Lentivirus-mediated expression of insulin-like growth factor-I promotes neural stem/precursor cell proliferation and enhances their potential to generate neurons. J Neurochem 2010; 115:460-74. [PMID: 20681949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to enhance neural stem/precursor cell (NPC) capacity to yield multipotential, proliferative, and migrating pools of cells that can efficiently differentiate into neurons could be crucial for structural repair after neurodegenerative damage. Here, we have generated a lentiviral vector for expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) and investigated the impact of IGF-1 transduction on the properties of cultured NPCs (IGF-1-NPCs). Under proliferative conditions, IGF-1 transduction promoted cell cycle progression via cyclin D1 up-regulation and Akt phosphorylation. Remarkably upon differentiation-inducing conditions, IGF-1-NPCs cease to proliferate and differentiate to a greater extent into neurons with significantly longer neurites, at the expense of astrocytes. Moreover, using live imaging we provide evidence that IGF-1 transduction enhances the motility and tissue penetration of grafted NPCs in cultured cortical slices. These results illustrate the important consequence of IGF-1 transduction in regulating NPC functions and offer a potential strategy to enhance the prospective repair potential of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kouroupi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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Jorgensen C, Apparailly F. Prospects for gene therapy in inflammatory arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010; 24:541-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Katz AB, Keswani SG, Habli M, Lim FY, Zoltick PW, Midrio P, Kozin ED, Herlyn M, Crombleholme TM. Placental gene transfer: transgene screening in mice for trophic effects on the placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:499.e1-8. [PMID: 19716119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that gene transfer of select growth factors to the placenta may enhance placental and fetal growth. Thus, we examined the effect of 8 growth factor transgenes on murine placenta. STUDY DESIGN Adenoviral-mediated site-specific intraplacental gene transfer of 8 different growth factor transgenes at embryonic day (e) 14 was performed. Transgenes included angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), basic fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), placenta growth hormone, platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), and vascular endothelial growth factor(121). Fetuses and placentas were harvested at e17 and assessed for survival, gene transfer efficiency, placenta area, and fetal and placental weights. RESULTS Efficient gene transfer to the placenta was detected with minimal dissemination to the fetus. Overexpression of IGF-1, PDGF-B, and Ang-2 resulted in an increase in placenta cross-sectional area. Only Ang-2 gene transfer resulted in increased fetal weight, and only Ang-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor resulted in a change in placental weight. CONCLUSION Site-specific placental gene transfer results in efficient gene transfer with minimal dissemination to the fetus. Adenoviral-mediated IGF-1, adenoviral-mediated PDGF-B, and adenoviral-mediated Ang-2 significantly increase placenta growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Katz
- Center for Molecular Fetal Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Zhang JQ, Wang JJ, Li WJ, Huang L, Tian L, Xue JL, Chen JZ, Jia W. Cellular protein TTRAP interacts with HIV-1 integrase to facilitate viral integration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 387:256-60. [PMID: 19580783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
TTRAP is a PML-NB protein that is involved in the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. TTRAP was recently identified by yeast two-hybrid analysis as a HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN) interacting protein. This interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, and intracellular imaging, and deletion assays suggested that the N-terminal 180 residues of TTRAP are responsible for the interaction. In stable TTRAP knock-down cell lines, the integration of viral vectors decreased significantly compared with non-silenced cell lines. Conversely, overexpression of TTRAP by transient transfection increased the percentage of integration events. This is the first time that TTRAP has been shown to interact with HIV-1 IN and facilitate lentiviral vector integration. These findings reveal a new function of TTRAP and expand our understanding of the cellular response to HIV infection. The interaction between TTRAP and HIV-1 IN may be useful in designing new anti-viral strategies as well as for improving the efficiency of lentiviral-vector-mediated gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China
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36
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Transcriptionally regulated, prostate-targeted gene therapy for prostate cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:572-88. [PMID: 19393705 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American males today. Novel and effective treatment such as gene therapy is greatly desired. The early viral based gene therapy uses tissue-nonspecific promoters, which causes unintended toxicity to other normal tissues. In this chapter, we will review the transcriptionally regulated gene therapy strategy for prostate cancer treatment. We will describe the development of transcriptionally regulated prostate cancer gene therapy in the following areas: (1) Comparison of different routes for best viral delivery to the prostate; (2) Study of transcriptionally regulated, prostate-targeted viral vectors: specificity and activity of the transgene under several different prostate-specific promoters were compared in vitro and in vivo; (3) Selection of therapeutic transgenes and strategies for prostate cancer gene therapy (4) Oncolytic virotherapy for prostate cancer. In addition, the current challenges and future directions in this field are also discussed.
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Abstract
Gene transfer into mature T cells with gammaretroviral vectors requires prestimulation, as only mitotic cells are susceptible to integration of the gammaretroviral proviral genome. Costimulation via the CD3/ TCR complex and a second costimulatory molecule, such as CD28 was found to better preserve functionality of the T lymphocytes during ex vivo expansion than stimulation with anti-CD3 alone. The protocols described here for prestimulation and transduction of human and murine T cells with gammaretroviral vectors were optimized for high-level gene transfer and maximum yield of functional T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Newrzela
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Lee JS, Reiner NE. Stable lentiviral vector-mediated gene silencing in human monocytic cell lines. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 531:287-300. [PMID: 19347324 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-396-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle in studying monocyte cell biology has been the resistance of these cells to genetic manipulation, particularly when using nonviral methods. In the approach outlined in this chapter, we describe a strategy for stable gene silencing of monocytic cells. Using a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-pseudotyped lentiviral vector expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA), stable silencing of the p110alpha isoform of PI3-kinase in the human monocytic cell lines THP-1 and U-937 was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy S Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sun L, Zhang Y, Huang CX, Qu XL, Zhang Y, Zhang JC, Wei X, Zhuang Y, Zhai S, Peng MJ, Jiang H, Hao CQ, Li YH, Lu J, Lian JQ, Sun YT, Bai XF. Therapeutic effect of RANTES–KDEL on inhibition of HIV-1 in CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC). J Virol Methods 2008; 154:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Porter CC, DeGregori J. Interfering RNA-mediated purine analog resistance for in vitro and in vivo cell selection. Blood 2008; 112:4466-74. [PMID: 18587011 PMCID: PMC2597122 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-03-146571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of gene therapy has been slowed, in part, by inefficient transduction of targeted cells and poor long-term engraftment of genetically modified cells. Thus, the ability to select for a desired population of cells within a recipient would be of great benefit for improving gene therapy. Proposed strategies for in vivo cell selection using drug resistance genes have had disappointing outcomes and/or require highly genotoxic medications to be effective. We hypothesized that resistance to purine analogs, a well-tolerated, relatively low-toxicity class of medications, could be provided to cells using interfering RNA against hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase. Using a lentiviral vector, we found that interfering RNA-mediated purine analog resistance (iPAR) provided relative resistance to 6-thioguanine (6TG) in murine hematopoietic cells compared with control- and untransduced cells. iPAR attenuated 6TG-induced G(2)/M checkpoint activation, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Furthermore, in recipients of transplanted bone marrow cells with iPAR, treatment with 6TG resulted in increased percentages of transduced peripheral blood cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Secondary transplantations resulted in higher hematopoietic contributions from 6TG-treated primary recipients relative to phosphate-buffered saline-treated recipients. These findings indicate that iPAR/6TG can be used for in vivo hematopoietic progenitor cell selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Porter
- Rick Wilson Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, The Children's Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.
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41
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Hager S, Frame FM, Collins AT, Burns JE, Maitland NJ. An internal polyadenylation signal substantially increases expression levels of lentivirus-delivered transgenes but has the potential to reduce viral titer in a promoter-dependent manner. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:840-50. [PMID: 18627247 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In lentiviral gene delivery systems, transgene expression cassettes are commonly cloned without a polyadenylation signal to prevent disruption of full-length lentiviral genomes on mRNA maturation in producer cells. The lack of the polyadenylation signal, however, has the potential to reduce stability and translation efficiency of transgene mRNA. Therefore, we have assessed the effect of a strong internal polyadenylation [poly(A)] signal on both transgene expression levels in virus-infected cells and functional viral titer, in a series of eight self-inactivating lentiviruses expressing the mOrange transgene under the control of the constitutive cytomegalovirus (CMV), elongation factor 1alpha (EF1alpha), and beta-actin promoters or the highly tissue-specific prostate-specific antigen/probasin hybrid (PSA/Pb) promoter with or without a simian virus 40 (SV40) early polyadenylation signal downstream of the mOrange-coding sequence. We show that mOrange expression levels in virus-infected HEK-293, LNCaP, and primary prostate epithelial cells were increased 3- to 6.5-fold when an internal polyadenylation signal was present. When the CMV and EF1alpha promoters were used, functional viral titer decreased 8- to 9-fold in the presence of the polyadenylation signal, but titer was not affected when transgene expression was driven by the beta-actin promoter or tissue-specific PSA/Pb promoter. We therefore conclude that an internal polyadenylation signal in lentiviral vectors has a highly beneficial effect on transgene expression, but reduces viral titer in a promoter-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hager
- YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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42
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Santhosh C, Tamhane MC, Kamat RH, Patel VV, Mukhopadhyaya R. A lentiviral vector with novel multiple cloning sites: Stable transgene expression in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 371:546-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Efficient gene transfer mediated by HIV-1-based defective lentivector and inhibition of HIV-1 replication. Virol Sin 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s12250-007-0002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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44
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Morris KV. Genetic-based therapies to select nonpathogenic variants of HIV-1. Per Med 2007; 4:261-269. [PMID: 29788674 DOI: 10.2217/17410541.4.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral-based genetic therapies offer a valuable addition to the current anti-HIV arsenal and allow for a rational directed approach to evolve HIV-1 to a less pathogenic state. Many lentiviral vector systems have been described that can be either replication incompetent, self-inactivating or conditionally replicating. Importantly, lentiviral vectors can be engineered to deliver anti-HIV-1 genes such as antisense RNAs, aptamers and siRNAs to those cells involved in HIV-1 infection: T-cells, hematopoietic stem cells and dendritic cells. Furthermore, the use of HIV-2-based vectors that can be mobilized by wild-type HIV-1 in vivo and spread to those cells targeted by the virus, as well as compete with HIV-1 viral RNA for packaging and access to viral proteins such as Tat and Rev required for viral replication, are of special interest. This review will focus on the rational design of therapeutic lentiviral vectors that can be used in combination with current antiretroviral therapies to essentially direct the evolution of HIV-1 to a less pathogenic state of existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin V Morris
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, MEM-115, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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45
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Kueng HJ, Leb VM, Haiderer D, Raposo G, Thery C, Derdak SV, Schmetterer KG, Neunkirchner A, Sillaber C, Seed B, Pickl WF. General strategy for decoration of enveloped viruses with functionally active lipid-modified cytokines. J Virol 2007; 81:8666-76. [PMID: 17537846 PMCID: PMC1951353 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00682-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral particles preferentially incorporate extra- and intracellular constituents of host cell lipid rafts, a phenomenon central to pseudotyping. Based on this mechanism, we have developed a system for the predictable decoration of enveloped viruses with functionally active cytokines that circumvents the need to modify viral proteins themselves. Human interleukin-2 (hIL-2), hIL-4, human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF), and murine IL-2 (mIL-2) were used as model cytokines and fused at their C terminus to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) acceptor sequence of human Fcgamma receptor III (CD16b). We show here that genetically modified cytokines are all well expressed on 293 producer cells. However, only molecules equipped with GPI anchors but not those linked to transmembrane/intracellular regions of type I membrane proteins are efficiently targeted to lipid rafts and consequently to virus-like particles (VLP) induced by Moloney murine leukemia virus Gag-Pol. hIL-4::GPI and hGM-CSF::GPI coexpressed on VLP were found to differentiate monocytes towards dendritic cells. Apart from myeloid-committed cell types, VLP-bound cytokines also act efficiently on lymphocytes. hIL-2::GPI strongly costimulated T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 dependent T-cell activation in vitro and mIL-2::GPI-coactivated antigen-specific T cells in vivo. On a molar basis, the functional activity of VLP-bound hIL-2::GPI was found to be comparable to that of soluble hIL-2. VLP decorated with hIL-2::GPI and coexpressing a TCR/CD3 ligand have an IL-2-specific activity of 5 x 10(4) units/mg protein. Virus particles decorated with lipid-modified cytokines might help to improve viral strains for vaccination purposes, the propagation of factor-dependent cell types, as well as gene transfer by viral systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J Kueng
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Borschkegasse 8A, Vienna, Austria
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46
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Parker DGA, Kaufmann C, Brereton HM, Anson DS, Francis-Staite L, Jessup CF, Marshall K, Tan C, Koldej R, Coster DJ, Williams KA. Lentivirus-mediated gene transfer to the rat, ovine and human cornea. Gene Ther 2007; 14:760-7. [PMID: 17301843 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy of the cornea shows promise for modulating corneal transplant rejection but the most appropriate vector for gene transfer has yet to be determined. We investigated a lentiviral vector (LV) for its ability to transduce corneal endothelium. A lentivector expressing enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) under the control of the Simian virus type 40 early promoter (LV-SV40-eYFP) transduced 80-90% of rat, ovine and human corneal endothelial cells as detected by fluorescence microscopy. The kinetics of gene expression varied among species, with ovine corneal endothelium showing a relative delay in detectable reporter gene expression compared with the rat or human corneal endothelium. Vectors containing the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus promoter or the phosphoglycerate kinase promoter were not significantly more effective than LV-SV40-eYFP. The stability of eYFP expression in rat and ovine corneas following ex vivo transduction of the donor cornea was assessed following orthotopic corneal transplantation. Following transduction ex vivo, eYFP expression was maintained in corneal endothelial cells for at least 28 days after corneal transplantation in the sheep and >60 days in the rat. Thus, rat, ovine and human corneal endothelial cells were efficiently transduced by the LV, and gene expression appeared stable over weeks in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G A Parker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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47
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Banerjee P, Rochford R, Antel J, Canute G, Wrzesinski S, Sieburg M, Feuer G. Proinflammatory cytokine gene induction by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2 Tax in primary human glial cells. J Virol 2007; 81:1690-700. [PMID: 17121800 PMCID: PMC1797548 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01513-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can result in the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). HTLV-2 is highly related to HTLV-1 at the genetic level and shares a high degree of sequence homology, but infection with HTLV-2 is relatively nonpathogenic compared to HTLV-1. Although the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP remains to be fully elucidated, previous evidence suggests that elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS are associated with neuropathogenesis. We demonstrate that HTLV-1 infection in astrogliomas results in a robust induction of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-1alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, and IL-6 expression. HTLV encodes for a viral transcriptional transactivator protein named Tax that also induces the transcription of cellular genes. To investigate and compare the effects of Tax1 and Tax2 expression on the dysregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, lentivirus vectors were used to transduce primary human astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. The expression of Tax1 in primary human astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas resulted in significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression compared to Tax2. Notably, Tax1 expression uniquely sensitized primary human astrocytomas to apoptosis. A Tax2/Tax1 chimera encoding the C-terminal 53 amino acids of the Tax1 fused to the Tax2 gene (Tax(221)) demonstrated a phenotype that resembled Tax1, with respect to proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and sensitization to apoptosis. The patterns of differential cytokine induction and sensitization to apoptosis displayed by Tax1 and Tax2 may reflect differences relating to the heightened neuropathogenicity associated with HTLV-1 infection and the development of HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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48
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Chen H, Yao H, Huang L, Shen Q, Jia W, Xue J. Expression of human factor IX gene in murine plasma through lentiviral vector-infected haematopoietic stem cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 33:1196-201. [PMID: 17184501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are an attractive target for gene therapy. Gene transfer to HSC can provide a potential cure for many inherited diseases. Moreover, recombinant lentiviral vectors can transfer genes efficiently to HSC. In the present study, we used the recombinant lentiviruses FUGW (Flip, ubiquitin promoter, GFP and WRE vector) and FUXW (Flip, ubiquitin promoter, F IX and WRE vector), which carry the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and human factor IX (hFIX) gene, respectively, to infect HSC. 2. High titres of recombinant lentivirus were prepared from 293T cells by calcium phosphate-mediated transient cotransfection. Murine mononuclear cells (MNC) separated from murine bone marrow and HSC separated by magnetic cell sorting were cultured in vitro. Cells they were infected by the recombinant lentiviruses FUGW and FUXW. The expression of EGFP was observed under a fluorescent microscope and was analysed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, whereas the expression of hFIX was detected by ELISA. 3. The results show that the lentiviral vectors can efficiently infect murine HSC in vitro and that transduction was more efficient following cytokine treatment with interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6 and stem cell factor. 4. Haematopoietic stem cells infected with lentivirus FUXW were transplanted into [(60)Co]-irradiated non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice. The expression of hFIX in the blood plasma of the transplanted mice reached a peak of 44.9 +/- 7.6 ng/mL on Day 7. An assay of transaminase levels and a histological study of the liver showed that there was no significant damage following HSC transplantation to mice. 5. The results of the present study suggest that transplantation of HSC results in the persistant expression of hFIX in mice, which may be useful in haemophilia B gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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49
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Mselli-Lakhal L, Guiguen F, Greenland T, Mornex JF, Chebloune Y. Gene transfer system derived from the caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus. J Virol Methods 2006; 136:177-84. [PMID: 16797087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviruses are attractive candidates for therapeutic vectors, because of their ability to infect non-dividing target cells. Vectors based on HIV-1 efficiently transfer gene expression to a variety of dividing or quiescent cells, but are subject to reservations on safety grounds. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a lentivirus inducing only minor pathology in its natural host and in related species after cross-species transmission. To test the CAEV potential as vector for gene transfer, a cassette expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of a CMV promoter was inserted into the CAEV genome, producing the pK2EGFPH vector. When pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-G envelope protein, this vector allowed efficient transfer of GFP expression in human cells (up to 86% of GFP-expressing cells into the TE671 cell line). Three vectors carrying different parts of the viral gag, pol and env genes were then developed, together with a CAEV packaging system. These vectors allowed delimitation of the minimal CAEV sequences necessary for an improvement of vector production compared to the previously described CAEV-based vectors [Mselli-Lakhal et al., 1998. Defect in RNA transport and packaging are responsible for low transduction efficiency of CAEV-based vectors. Arc. Virol. 143, 681-695]. While our previous vectors were produced in a helper/vector system, the present vectors are produced in a helper/free system. However, these vector titers remain lower than those obtained with other lentiviral vectors carrying equivalent packaging sequences. We discuss on possible reasons of such differences and possible improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Mselli-Lakhal
- UMR 754 INRA/ENVL/UCBL Retrovirus et pathologie comparée Virologie Cellulaire, Moléculaire et Maladies Emergentes, Université Lyon-1, Bâtiment B; 50, avenue Tony Garnier, 69366 Lyon, Cedex 07, France.
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50
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Morris K, Castanotto D, Al-Kadhimi Z, Jensen M, Rossi J, Cooper LJN. Enhancing siRNA effects in T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 10:461-7. [PMID: 16321811 DOI: 10.1080/10245330500233569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetically manipulated T cells can be endowed with novel functions to obtain desired in vivo effects after adoptive transfer. This genetic approach is being used to introduce genes such as chimeric immunoreceptors and tumor-specific T cells are being evaluated in early phase clinic trials. However, the ability to alter the genetic programming of T cells also presents opportunities to remove unwanted T-cell functions in order to augment an anti-tumor effect or endow resistance such as to HIV infection. Specifically, the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to disrupt gene expression by targeting either the mRNA or the promoter, provides investigators with many new opportunities to genetically modify T cells that should prove useful in future applications of adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Morris
- Division of Molecular Biology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 90010-3000, USA
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