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McMullan RR, McAuley DF, O'Kane CM, Silversides JA. Vascular leak in sepsis: physiological basis and potential therapeutic advances. Crit Care 2024; 28:97. [PMID: 38521954 PMCID: PMC10961003 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterised by endothelial barrier dysfunction and impairment of normal microcirculatory function, resulting in a state of hypoperfusion and tissue oedema. No specific pharmacological therapies are currently used to attenuate microvascular injury. Given the prominent role of endothelial breakdown and microcirculatory dysfunction in sepsis, there is a need for effective strategies to protect the endothelium. In this review we will discuss key mechanisms and putative therapeutic agents relevant to endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross R McMullan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Cecilia M O'Kane
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jonathan A Silversides
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Critical Care, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
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2
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Nawaz MI, Ahmad A, Dillemans L, Siddiquei M, Allegaert E, Gikandi PW, De Hertogh G, Opdenakker G, Struyf S. CD40 Ligand-CD40 Interaction Is an Intermediary between Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15582. [PMID: 37958563 PMCID: PMC10648257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway in inflammation-mediated angiogenesis in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). We analyzed vitreous fluids and epiretinal fibrovascular membranes from PDR and nondiabetic patients, cultures of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and Müller glial cells and rat retinas with ELISA, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Functional tests included measurement of blood-retinal barrier breakdown, in vitro angiogenesis and assessment of monocyte-HRMEC adherence. CD40L and CD40 levels were significantly increased in PDR vitreous samples. We demonstrated CD40L and CD40 expression in vascular endothelial cells, leukocytes and myofibroblasts in epiretinal membranes. Intravitreal administration of soluble (s)CD40L in normal rats significantly increased retinal vascular permeability and induced significant upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2, VEGF, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). sCD40L induced upregulation of VEGF, MMP-9, MCP-1 and HMGB1 in cultured Müller cells and phospo-ERK1/2, p65 subunit of NF-ĸB, VCAM-1 and VEGF in cultured HRMECS. TNF-α induced significant upregulation of CD40 in HRMECs and Müller cells and VEGF induced significant upregulation of CD40 in HRMECs. sCD40L induced proliferation and migration of HRMECs. We provide experimental evidence supporting the involvement of the CD40L-CD40 pathway and how it regulates inflammatory angiogenesis in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
- Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd I. Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Luna Dillemans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Mairaj Siddiquei
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Eef Allegaert
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.A.); (G.D.H.)
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priscilla W. Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.A.); (G.D.H.)
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.N.); (A.A.); (M.S.); (P.W.G.); (G.O.)
- University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.D.); (S.S.)
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3
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Zanini F, Che X, Knutsen C, Liu M, Suresh NE, Domingo-Gonzalez R, Dou SH, Zhang D, Pryhuber GS, Jones RC, Quake SR, Cornfield DN, Alvira CM. Developmental diversity and unique sensitivity to injury of lung endothelial subtypes during postnatal growth. iScience 2023; 26:106097. [PMID: 36879800 PMCID: PMC9984561 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
At birth, the lung is still immature, heightening susceptibility to injury but enhancing regenerative capacity. Angiogenesis drives postnatal lung development. Therefore, we profiled the transcriptional ontogeny and sensitivity to injury of pulmonary endothelial cells (EC) during early postnatal life. Although subtype speciation was evident at birth, immature lung EC exhibited transcriptomes distinct from mature counterparts, which progressed dynamically over time. Gradual, temporal changes in aerocyte capillary EC (CAP2) contrasted with more marked alterations in general capillary EC (CAP1) phenotype, including distinct CAP1 present only in the early alveolar lung expressing Peg3, a paternally imprinted transcription factor. Hyperoxia, an injury that impairs angiogenesis induced both common and unique endothelial gene signatures, dysregulated capillary EC crosstalk, and suppressed CAP1 proliferation while stimulating venous EC proliferation. These data highlight the diversity, transcriptomic evolution, and pleiotropic responses to injury of immature lung EC, possessing broad implications for lung development and injury across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Zanini
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xibing Che
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carsten Knutsen
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nina E. Suresh
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Racquel Domingo-Gonzalez
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steve H. Dou
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gloria S. Pryhuber
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Robert C. Jones
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David N. Cornfield
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cristina M. Alvira
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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4
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Mason RH, Minaker SA, Lahaie Luna G, Bapat P, Farahvash A, Garg A, Bhambra N, Muni RH. Changes in aqueous and vitreous inflammatory cytokine levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 2022:10.1038/s41433-022-02127-x. [PMID: 35672457 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, where in its most advanced form ischemic changes lead to the development of retinal neovascularization, termed proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). While the development of PDR is often associated with angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines, studies differ on which cytokines are implicated in disease pathogenesis and on the strength of these associations. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the existing body of data on intraocular cytokines as biomarkers in PDR. METHODS A comprehensive search of the literature without year limitation was conducted to January 18, 2021, which identified 341 studies assessing vitreous or aqueous cytokine levels in PDR, accounting for 10379 eyes with PDR and 6269 eyes from healthy controls. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD) of cytokine concentrations between PDR and control patients. RESULTS Concentrations (SMD, 95% confidence interval, and p-value) of aqueous IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF, and vitreous IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, angiopoietin-2, eotaxin, erythropoietin, GM-CSF, GRO, HMGB-1, IFN-γ, IGF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1, MMP-9, PDGF-AA, PlGF, sCD40L, SDF-1, sICAM-1, sVEGFR, TIMP, TNF-α, and VEGF were significantly higher in patients with PDR when compared to healthy nondiabetic controls. For all other cytokines no differences, failed sensitivity analyses or insufficient data were found. CONCLUSIONS This extensive list of cytokines speaks to the complexity of PDR pathogenesis, and informs future investigations into disease pathogenesis, prognosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Mason
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel A Minaker
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Priya Bapat
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Farahvash
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anubhav Garg
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nishaant Bhambra
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajeev H Muni
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Kensington Vision and Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- University of Toronto/Kensington Health Ophthalmology Biobank and Cytokine Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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5
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Krebs R, Tikkanen JM, Raissadati A, Hollmén M, Dhaygude K, Lemström KB. Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors 1 and 2 Attenuates Natural Killer Cell and Innate Immune Responses in an Experimental Model for Obliterative Bronchiolitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 192:254-269. [PMID: 34774518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) after lung transplantation is a nonreversible, life-threatening complication. We investigated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and -2 in the development of obliterative airway disease (OAD), an experimental model for OB. The nonimmunosuppressed recipients underwent transplantation with fully major histocompatibility complex mismatched heterotopic tracheal allografts and received VEGFR-1 and -2-specific monoclonal antibodies either alone or in combination or rat IgG as a control. The treatment with VEGFR-1- or -2-blocking antibody significantly decreased intragraft mRNA expression of natural killer cell activation markers early after transplantation. This was followed by reduced infiltration of CD11b+ cells and CD4+ T cells as well as down-regulated mRNA expression of proinflammatory chemokines and profibrotic growth factors. However, blocking of both VEGFR-1 and -2 was necessary to reduce luminal occlusion. Furthermore, concomitant inhibition of the calcineurin activation pathway almost totally abolished the development of OAD. This study proposes that blocking of VEGF receptors blunted natural killer cell and innate immune responses early after transplantation and attenuated the development of OAD. The results of this study suggest that further studies on the role of VEGFR-1 and -2 blocking in development of obliterative airway lesions might be rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Krebs
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jussi M Tikkanen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alireza Raissadati
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Hollmén
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kishor Dhaygude
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karl B Lemström
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Malekmohammad K, Bezsonov EE, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Role of Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:707529. [PMID: 34552965 PMCID: PMC8450356 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.707529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven and maladaptive inflammatory disease of arterial intima. It is characterized by the dysfunction of lipid homeostasis and signaling pathways that control the inflammation. This article reviews the role of inflammation and lipid accumulation, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with more emphasis on cellular mechanisms. Furthermore, this review will briefly highlight the role of medicinal plants, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNAs in the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of atherosclerosis. Lipid homeostasis at various levels, including receptor-mediated uptake, synthesis, storage, metabolism, efflux, and its impairments are important for the development of atherosclerosis. The major source of cholesterol and lipid accumulation in the arterial wall is proatherogenic modified low-density lipoprotein (mLDL). Modified lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and LDL binding with proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix in the intima of blood vessels, cause aggregation of lipoprotein particles, endothelial damage, leukocyte recruitment, foam cell formation, and inflammation. Inflammation is the key contributor to atherosclerosis and participates in all phases of atherosclerosis. Also, several studies have shown that microRNAs and lncRNAs have appeared as key regulators of several physiological and pathophysiological processes in atherosclerosis, including regulation of HDL biogenesis, cholesterol efflux, lipid metabolism, regulating of smooth muscle proliferation, and controlling of inflammation. Thus, both lipid homeostasis and the inflammatory immune response are closely linked, and their cellular and molecular pathways interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgeny E. Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and General Genetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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7
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Enell Smith K, Deronic A, Hägerbrand K, Norlén P, Ellmark P. Rationale and clinical development of CD40 agonistic antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1635-1646. [PMID: 34043482 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1934446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: CD40 signaling activates dendritic cells leading to improved T cell priming against tumor antigens. CD40 agonism expands the tumor-specific T cell repertoire and has the potential to increase the fraction of patients that respond to established immunotherapies.Areas covered: This article reviews current as well as emerging CD40 agonist therapies with a focus on antibody-based therapies, including next generation bispecific CD40 agonists. The scientific rationale for different design criteria, binding epitopes, and formats are discussed.Expert opinion: The ability of CD40 agonists to activate dendritic cells and enhance antigen cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells provides an opportunity to elevate response rates of cancer immunotherapies. While there are many challenges left to address, including optimal dose regimen, CD40 agonist profile, combination partners and indications, we are confident that CD40 agonists will play an important role in the challenging task of reprogramming the immune system to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peter Ellmark
- Alligator Bioscience AB, Sweden.,Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Roy A, Saqib U, Baig MS. NOS1-mediated macrophage and endothelial cell interaction in the progression of atherosclerosis. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1191-1201. [PMID: 33501735 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease arising due to an imbalance in lipid metabolism and maladaptive immune response driven by the accumulation of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the artery wall. Interactions between monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells play an essential role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In our current study, nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1)-derived nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a regulator of macrophage and endothelial cell interaction. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) activates NOS1, which results in the expression of CD40 ligand in macrophages. OxLDL-stimulated macrophages produce some soluble factors which increase the CD40 receptor expression in endothelial cells. This increases the interaction between the macrophages and endothelial cells, which leads to an increase in the inflammatory response. Inhibition of NOS1-derived NO might serve as an effective strategy to reduce foam cell formation and limit the extent of atherosclerotic plaque expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Roy
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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9
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Georganaki M, Ramachandran M, Tuit S, Núñez NG, Karampatzakis A, Fotaki G, van Hooren L, Huang H, Lugano R, Ulas T, Kaunisto A, Holland EC, Ellmark P, Mangsbo SM, Schultze J, Essand M, Tugues S, Dimberg A. Tumor endothelial cell up-regulation of IDO1 is an immunosuppressive feed-back mechanism that reduces the response to CD40-stimulating immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1730538. [PMID: 32231867 PMCID: PMC7094447 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1730538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40-stimulating immunotherapy can elicit potent anti-tumor responses by activating dendritic cells and enhancing T-cell priming. Tumor vessels orchestrate T-cell recruitment during immune response, but the effect of CD40-stimulating immunotherapy on tumor endothelial cells has not been evaluated. Here, we have investigated how tumor endothelial cells transcriptionally respond to CD40-stimulating immunotherapy by isolating tumor endothelial cells from agonistic CD40 mAb- or isotype-treated mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma, and performing RNA-sequencing. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that agonistic CD40 mAb therapy increased interferon (IFN)-related responses in tumor endothelial cells, including up-regulation of the immunosuppressive enzyme Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). IDO1 was predominantly expressed in endothelial cells within the tumor microenvironment, and its expression in tumor endothelium was positively correlated to T-cell infiltration and to increased intratumoral expression of IFNγ. In vitro, endothelial cells up-regulated IDO1 in response to T-cell-derived IFNγ, but not in response to CD40-stimulation. Combining agonistic CD40 mAb therapy with the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat delayed tumor growth in B16-F10 melanoma, associated with increased activation of tumor-infiltrating T-cells. Hereby, we show that the tumor endothelial cells up-regulate IDO1 upon CD40-stimulating immunotherapy in response to increased IFNγ-secretion by T-cells, revealing a novel immunosuppressive feedback mechanism whereby tumor vessels limit T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georganaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sander Tuit
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alexandros Karampatzakis
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grammatiki Fotaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luuk van Hooren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Eric C Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sara M Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and the University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Ciccone V, Zazzetta M, Morbidelli L. Comparison of the Effect of Two Hyaluronic Acid Preparations on Fibroblast and Endothelial Cell Functions Related to Angiogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121479. [PMID: 31766389 PMCID: PMC6952963 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is used in substitutive and aesthetic medicine with various applications. Ultrapure absorbable HA (Bioregen®) and a mix of reticulated and free low molecular weight HA (Regenyal Idea Bioexpander®) (both provided by Regenyal Laboratories Srl, San Benedetto del Tronto (AP), Italy) represent a reliable hydrating device and skin filler, useful for skin blemishes, lines and wrinkles, and lip widening, respectively. The commercial products are known for their safety, but data on the molecular, cellular, and tissue responses are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the bioavailability and the pro-angiogenic features of the products Bioregen® and Bioexpander® in vitro on cultured endothelial cells (ECs) and dermal fibroblasts in vivo when injected into experimental animals. When added to fibroblasts and ECs, Bioexpander® induced cell migration. The two HA preparations were well tolerated, while a transient proangiogenic behavior of Bioexpander®, when implanted subcutaneously in mice, was found. The neovascular response was evident in the first week with higher levels of VEGF and FGF-2 before undergoing regression. In conclusion, our data strengthen the safety of HA synthetic preparations both in vitro and in vivo. Even if a proangiogenic response is documented, it is modest and transient, leading to tissue recovery and absence of an inflammatory infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Marco Zazzetta
- Regenyal Laboratories Srl, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto (AP), Italy;
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-23-5381
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Ziegler CG, Van Sloun R, Gonzalez S, Whitney KE, DePhillipo NN, Kennedy MI, Dornan GJ, Evans TA, Huard J, LaPrade RF. Characterization of Growth Factors, Cytokines, and Chemokines in Bone Marrow Concentrate and Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Prospective Analysis. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:2174-2187. [PMID: 31034242 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519832003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow concentrate (BMC) are orthobiologic therapies with numerous growth factors and other bioactive molecules. Before the clinical utility of PRP and BMC is optimized as a combined therapy or monotherapy, an improved understanding of the components and respective concentrations is necessary. PURPOSE To prospectively measure and compare anabolic, anti-inflammatory, and proinflammatory growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines in bone marrow aspirate (BMA), BMC, whole blood, leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP), and leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) from samples collected and processed concurrently on the same day from patients presenting for elective knee surgery. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Patients presenting for elective knee surgery were prospectively enrolled over a 3-week period. Whole blood from peripheral venous draw and BMA from the posterior iliac crest were immediately processed via centrifugation and manual extraction methods to prepare LR-PRP, LP-PRP, and BMC samples, respectively. BMA, BMC, whole blood, LR-PRP, and LP-PRP samples were immediately assayed and analyzed to measure protein concentrations. RESULTS BMC had a significantly higher interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) concentration than all other preparations (all P < .0009). LR-PRP also had a significantly higher IL-1Ra concentration than LP-PRP (P = .0006). There were no significant differences in IL-1Ra concentration based on age, sex, body mass index, or chronicity of injury in all preparations. LR-PRP had significantly higher concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA) and PDGF-AB/BB than all other preparations (all P < .0006). LR-PRP also had significantly higher concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and soluble CD40 ligand than all other preparations (all P < .004). LP-PRP had significantly higher concentrations of MMPs, namely MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-12, than all other preparations (all P < .007). CONCLUSION BMC is a clinically relevant source of anti-inflammatory biologic therapy that may be more effective in treating osteoarthritis and for use as an intra-articular biologic source for augmented healing in the postsurgical inflammatory and healing phases, owing to its significantly higher concentration of IL-1Ra as compared with LR-PRP and LP-PRP. Additionally, LR-PRP had a significantly higher concentration of IL-1Ra than LP-PRP. In cases where increased vascularity and healing are desired for pathological or injured tissues, including muscle and tendon, LR-PRP may be optimal given its higher overall concentrations of PDGF, TGF-β, EGF, VEGF, and soluble CD40 ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grant J Dornan
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Johnny Huard
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
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12
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Simons KH, Aref Z, Peters HAB, Welten SP, Nossent AY, Jukema JW, Hamming JF, Arens R, de Vries MR, Quax PHA. The role of CD27-CD70-mediated T cell co-stimulation in vasculogenesis, arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Int J Cardiol 2018; 260:184-190. [PMID: 29622436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cells have a distinctive role in neovascularization, which consists of arteriogenesis and angiogenesis under pathological conditions and vasculogenesis under physiological conditions. However, the role of co-stimulation in T cell activation in neovascularization has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the role T cell co-stimulation and inhibition in angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and vasculogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Hind limb ischemia was induced by double ligation of the left femoral artery in mice and blood flow recovery was measured with Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging in control, CD70-/-, CD80/86-/-, CD70/80/86-/- and CTLA4+/- mice. Blood flow recovery was significantly impaired in mice lacking CD70 compared to control mice, but was similar in CD80/86-/-, CTLA4+/- and control mice. Mice lacking CD70 showed impaired vasculogenesis, since the number of pre-existing collaterals was reduced as observed in the pia mater compared to control mice. In vitro an impaired capability of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to activate T cells was observed in VSMC lacking CD70. Furthermore, CD70-/-, CD80/86-/- and CD70/80/86-/- mice showed reduced angiogenesis in the soleus muscle 10 days after ligation. Arteriogenesis was also decreased in CD70-/- compared to control mice 10 and 28 days after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to describe an important role for T cell activation via co-stimulation in angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and vasculogenesis, where the CD27-CD70 T cell co-stimulation pathway appears to be the most important co-stimulation pathway in pre-existing collateral formation and post-ischemic blood flow recovery, by arteriogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Simons
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Z Aref
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H A B Peters
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S P Welten
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Y Nossent
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J W Jukema
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J F Hamming
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Arens
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M R de Vries
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Ottaiano A, Pisano C, De Chiara A, Ascierto PA, Botti G, Barletta E, Apice G, Gridelli C, Iaffaioli VR. Cd40 Activation as Potential Tool in Malignant Neoplasms. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 88:361-6. [PMID: 12487551 DOI: 10.1177/030089160208800502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background CD40, a cell surface molecule, is expressed on B-cell malignancies and many different solid tumors. It is capable of mediating diverse biological phenomena such as the induction of apoptosis in tumors and stimulation of the immune response. It has thus been studied as a possible target for antitumor therapy. The general aim of this review is to focus the attention of clinical oncologists on the involvement of CD40 in tumors and the rationale of CD40-activation-based therapies in new, biologically oriented antitumor protocols. Methods A Medline review of published papers about the role of CD40 activation in cancer therapy. Results Many authors have shown that CD40 activation promotes apoptotic death of tumor cells and that the presence of the molecule on the surface of carcinoma lines is an important factor in the generation of tumor-specific T-cell responses that contribute to tumor cell elimination. The CD40 ligand (CD40L) is the natural ligand for CD40; it is expressed primarily on the surface of activated T lymphocytes. Preclinical studies suggest that CD40-CD40L interaction could be useful for cytotoxicity against CD40-expressing tumors and for immune stimulation. Tumor inhibition was observed when tumor cells were treated with agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies or with the soluble form of CD40L. The results of the first phase I clinical trial to treat cancer patients with subcutaneous injection of recombinant human CD40L have been recently reported. Immunohistochemical studies have revealed that detection of CD40 in primary cutaneous malignant melanoma and lung cancer may have a negative prognostic value. Interestingly, up-regulation of CD40 was observed in the tumor vessels of renal carcinomas and Kaposi's sarcoma, suggesting possible involvement of CD40 in tumor angiogenesis. Recently, it has also been shown that CD40 engagement on endothelial cells induces in vitro tubule formation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases, two processes involved in the neovascularization and progression of tumors. Conclusions CD40 activation represents an exciting target for hematological malignancies and solid tumors expressing the molecule, but its functional role in cancer development still remains unclear and controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Division of Medical Oncology B, National Cancer Institute G Pascale, Naples, Italy.
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14
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de J. Guerrero-García J, Rojas-Mayorquín AE, Valle Y, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Castañeda-Moreno VA, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Muñoz-Valle JF, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Decreased serum levels of sCD40L and IL-31 correlate in treated patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Immunobiology 2018; 223:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Mu L, Yang C, Gao Q, Long Y, Ge H, DeLeon G, Jin L, Chang YE, Sayour EJ, Ji J, Jiang J, Kubilis PS, Qi J, Gu Y, Wang J, Song Y, Mitchell DA, Lin Z, Huang J. CD4+ and Perivascular Foxp3+ T Cells in Glioma Correlate with Angiogenesis and Tumor Progression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1451. [PMID: 29163521 PMCID: PMC5673996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration are key features of gliomas and their manipulation of the microenvironment, but their prognostic significance remains indeterminate. We evaluate the interconnection between tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and tumor blood-vasculatures in the context of glioma progression. Methods Paired tumor tissues of 44 patients from three tumor-recurrent groups: diffuse astrocytomas (DA) recurred as DA, DA recurred as glioblastomas (GBM), and GBM recurred as GBM were evaluated by genetic analysis, immunohistochemistry for tumor blood vessel density, TIL subsets, and clinical outcomes. These cells were geographically divided into perivascular and intratumoral TILs. Associations were examined between these TILs, CD34+ tumor blood vessels, and clinical outcomes. To determine key changes in TIL subsets, microarray data of 15-paired tumors from patients who failed antiangiogenic therapy- bevacizumab, and 16-paired tumors from chemo-naïve recurrent GBM were also evaluated and compared. Results Upon recurrence in primary gliomas, similar kinetic changes were found between tumor blood vessels and each TIL subset in all groups, but only CD4+ including Foxp3+ TILs, positively correlated with the density of tumor blood vessels. CD4 was the predominant T cell population based on the expression of gene-transcripts in primary GBMs, and increased activated CD4+ T cells were revealed in Bevacizumab-resistant recurrent tumors (not in chemo-naïve recurrent tumors). Among these TILs, 2/3 of them were found in the perivascular niche; Foxp3+ T cells in these niches not only correlated with the tumor vessels but were also an independent predictor of shortened recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 4.199, 95% CI 1.522–11.584, p = 0.006). Conclusion The minimal intratumoral T cell infiltration and low detection of CD8 transcripts expression in primary GBMs can potentially limit antitumor response. CD4+ and perivascular Foxp3+ TILs associate with tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression in glioma patients. Our results suggest that combining antiangiogenic agents with immunotherapeutic approaches may help improve the antitumor efficacy for patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changlin Yang
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Long
- The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Haitao Ge
- The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gabriel DeLeon
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Linchun Jin
- The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yifan Emily Chang
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Elias J Sayour
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Paul S Kubilis
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jiping Qi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunhe Gu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuwen Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Zhiguo Lin
- The Fourth Section of Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Lapeyre-Prost A, Terme M, Pernot S, Pointet AL, Voron T, Tartour E, Taieb J. Immunomodulatory Activity of VEGF in Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 330:295-342. [PMID: 28215534 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of tumor cells to escape tumor immunosurveillance contributes to cancer development. Factors produced in the tumor microenvironment create "tolerizing" conditions and thereby help the tumor to evade antitumoral immune responses. VEGF-A, already known for its major role in tumor vessel growth (neoangiogenesis), was recently identified as a key factor in tumor-induced immunosuppression. In particular, VEGF-A fosters the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells, limits T-cell recruitment into tumors, and promotes T-cell exhaustion. Antiangiogenic therapies have shown significant efficacy in patients with a variety of solid tumors, preventing tumor progression by limiting tumor-induced angiogenesis. VEGF-targeting therapies have also been shown to modulate the tumor-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment, enhancing Th1-type T-cell responses and increasing tumor infiltration by T cells. The immunomodulatory properties of VEGF-targeting therapies open up new perspectives for cancer treatment, especially through strategies combining antiangiogenic drugs with immunotherapy. Preclinical models and early clinical studies of these combined approaches have given promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lapeyre-Prost
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M Terme
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - S Pernot
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Service d'hépatogastroentérologie et d'oncologie digestive, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - A-L Pointet
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Service d'hépatogastroentérologie et d'oncologie digestive, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - T Voron
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Service de chirurgie digestive, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - E Tartour
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Service d'immunologie biologique. Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - J Taieb
- INSERM U970, PARCC (Paris Cardiovascular Research Center), Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Service d'hépatogastroentérologie et d'oncologie digestive, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
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The intragraft microenvironment as a central determinant of chronic rejection or local immunoregulation/tolerance. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2016; 22:55-63. [PMID: 27898465 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic rejection is associated with persistent mononuclear cell recruitment, endothelial activation and proliferation, local tissue hypoxia and related biology that enhance effector immune responses. In contrast, the tumor microenvironment elicits signals/factors that inhibit effector T cell responses and rather promote immunoregulation locally within the tissue itself. The identification of immunoregulatory check points and/or secreted factors that are deficient within allografts is of great importance in the understanding and prevention of chronic rejection. RECENT FINDINGS The relative deficiency of immunomodulatory molecules (cell surface and secreted) on microvascular endothelial cells within the intragraft microenvironment, is of functional importance in shaping the phenotype of rejection. These regulatory molecules include coinhibitory and/or intracellular regulatory signals/factors that enhance local activation of T regulatory cells. For example, semaphorins may interact with endothelial cells and CD4 T cells to promote local tolerance. Additionally, metabolites and electrolytes within the allograft microenvironment may regulate local effector and regulatory cell responses. SUMMARY Multiple factors within allografts shape the microenvironment either towards local immunoregulation or proinflammation. Promoting the expression of intragraft cell surface or secreted molecules that support immunoregulation will be critical for long-term graft survival and/or alloimmune tolerance.
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Daly KP, Stack M, Eisenga MF, Keane JF, Zurakowski D, Blume ED, Briscoe DM. Vascular endothelial growth factor A is associated with the subsequent development of moderate or severe cardiac allograft vasculopathy in pediatric heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 36:434-442. [PMID: 27865734 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the leading cause of chronic allograft loss after pediatric heart transplantation. We hypothesized that biomarkers of endothelial injury and repair would predict CAV development in pediatric heart transplant recipients. METHODS Blood was collected from pediatric heart transplant recipients at the time of routine annual coronary angiography, and the concentrations of 13 angiogenesis-related molecules were determined. The primary end point was the presence of moderate or severe CAV by angiography during a 5-year follow-up period. RESULTS The study enrolled 48 recipients (57% male) with a median age of 15.5 years (range, 2-22 years) and median time post-transplant of 5.8 years (range, 2-15 years). Eight recipients developed moderate/severe CAV at a median follow-up of 4.7 years, of whom 3 died, 3 underwent retransplantation, 1 had a myocardial infarction, and 1 was listed for retransplantation. Clinical characteristics associated with the development of moderate/severe CAV included prednisone use at enrollment (p = 0.03) and positive recipient cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G at the time of transplant (p = < 0.01). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression identified plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A concentration greater than 90 pg/ml at the time of blood draw as a significant predictor of time to moderate or severe CAV (hazard ratio, 14.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-163). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that VEGF-A shows moderate performance for association with the subsequent development of CAV (area under the curve, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.92). CONCLUSIONS VEGF-A levels in pediatric heart transplant recipients are associated with clinically important CAV progression within the subsequent 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Daly
- Transplant Research Program, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Stack
- Transplant Research Program, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michele F Eisenga
- Transplant Research Program, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John F Keane
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth D Blume
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David M Briscoe
- Transplant Research Program, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Stratification of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients based on soluble CD40L longitudinal changes. Transl Res 2016; 176:95-104. [PMID: 27172386 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in thrombosis and inflammation on the context of coronary artery disease is currently being revised. In that perspective, we had studied the association of sCD40L with markers of platelet activation and markers of endothelial and vascular function. On that cohort, a stratification of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 1 month after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was observed based on concentrations of sCD40L. The study intended to identify the groups of AMI patients with different profiles of sCD40L concentrations and verify how medication, clinical evolution, biochemical data, and markers of regulation of endothelial function at genetic (endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms) and post-transcriptional levels (circulating microRNAs) affect sCD40L serum levels. Lower quartiles of sCD40L (<2.3 ng/mL) were associated with higher concentrations of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high frequency of G894T polymorphism, and altered expression of a set of microRNAs assumed to be involved in the regulation of endothelial and cardiac function and myocardium hypertrophy, relative to patients in sCD40L upper quartiles. A characteristic sCD40L variation pattern in STEMI patients was identified. Low levels of sCD40L 1 month after PCI distinguish STEMI patients with worse prognosis, a compromised cardiac healing, and a persistent endothelial dysfunction, as given by the association between sCD40L, NT-proBNP, G894T polymorphism, and specific profile of miRNA expression. These results suggest sCD40L could have a prognostic value in STEMI patients.
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Boneschansker L, Nakayama H, Eisenga M, Wedel J, Klagsbrun M, Irimia D, Briscoe DM. Netrin-1 Augments Chemokinesis in CD4+ T Cells In Vitro and Elicits a Proinflammatory Response In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1389-98. [PMID: 27430720 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Netrin-1 is a neuronal guidance cue that regulates cellular activation, migration, and cytoskeleton rearrangement in multiple cell types. It is a chemotropic protein that is expressed within tissues and elicits both attractive and repulsive migratory responses. Netrin-1 has recently been found to modulate the immune response via the inhibition of neutrophil and macrophage migration. However, the ability of Netrin-1 to interact with lymphocytes and its in-depth effects on leukocyte migration are poorly understood. In this study, we profiled the mRNA and protein expression of known Netrin-1 receptors on human CD4(+) T cells. Neogenin, uncoordinated-5 (UNC5)A, and UNC5B were expressed at low levels in unstimulated cells, but they increased following mitogen-dependent activation. By immunofluorescence, we observed a cytoplasmic staining pattern of neogenin and UNC5A/B that also increased following activation. Using a novel microfluidic assay, we found that Netrin-1 stimulated bidirectional migration and enhanced the size of migratory subpopulations of mitogen-activated CD4(+) T cells, but it had no demonstrable effects on the migration of purified CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(dim) T regulatory cells. Furthermore, using a short hairpin RNA knockdown approach, we observed that the promigratory effects of Netrin-1 on T effectors is dependent on its interactions with neogenin. In the humanized SCID mouse, local injection of Netrin-1 into skin enhanced inflammation and the number of neogenin-expressing CD3(+) T cell infiltrates. Neogenin was also observed on CD3(+) T cell infiltrates within human cardiac allograft biopsies with evidence of rejection. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Netrin-1/neogenin interactions augment CD4(+) T cell chemokinesis and promote cellular infiltration in association with acute inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Boneschansker
- Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Hironao Nakayama
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michele Eisenga
- Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Johannes Wedel
- Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael Klagsbrun
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - David M Briscoe
- Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
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21
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Li YZ, Wen L, Wei X, Wang QR, Xu LW, Zhang HM, Liu WC. Inhibition of miR-7 promotes angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by upregulating VEGF via KLF4. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1569-75. [PMID: 27431648 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent lentiviral-based microRNA (miRNA) library screening has identified miRNA-7 (miR-7) as an anti‑angiogenic miRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the underlying mechanism of miR-7 in the suppression of angiogenesis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we report that miR-7 inhibition promoted angiogenesis by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and directly targeting Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Downregulation of miR-7 promoted tube formation of HUVECs, accompanied by upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of both VEGF and KLF4. miR-7 directly targeted KLF4 as demonstrated by luciferase reporter assay and miR-7 mimics decreased KLF4. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of multiple DNA-binding elements of KLF4 in the VEGF promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) demonstrated that the KLF4 antibody specifically pulled down the VEGF promoter in the HUVECs. Furthermore, ectopic overexpression of KLF4 induced VEGF mRNA and protein levels. In addition, KLF4 silencing inhibited the angiogenesis induced by the miR-7 inhibitor in the HUVECs. Our results demonstrated that KLF4 is a direct target of miR-7 and a transcription activator of VEGF. These findings indicate that the miR-7-KLF4-VEGF signaling axis plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis in HUVECs, suggesting that miR-7 is a potential agent for the development of anti-angiogenic therapeutics in vascular diseases and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ze Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wei
- The Cadet Brigade, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Rong Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Long-Wen Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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22
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Sirard MA. Somatic environment and germinal differentiation in antral follicle: The effect of FSH withdrawal and basal LH on oocyte competence acquisition in cattle. Theriogenology 2016; 86:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Jansen MF, Hollander MR, van Royen N, Horrevoets AJ, Lutgens E. CD40 in coronary artery disease: a matter of macrophages? Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:38. [PMID: 27146510 PMCID: PMC4856717 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), is the leading cause of mortality in the western world, with developing countries showing a similar trend. With the increased understanding of the role of the immune system and inflammation in coronary artery disease, it was shown that macrophages play a major role in this disease. Costimulatory molecules are important regulators of inflammation, and especially, the CD40L-CD40 axis is of importance in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Although it was shown that CD40 can mediate macrophage function, its exact role in macrophage biology has not gained much attention in cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the goal of this review is to give an overview on the role of macrophage-specific CD40 in cardiovascular disease, with a focus on coronary artery disease. We will discuss the function of CD40 on the macrophage and its (proposed) role in the reduction of atherosclerosis, the reduction of neointima formation, and the stimulation of arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs F Jansen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits R Hollander
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels van Royen
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J Horrevoets
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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24
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Bruneau S, Wedel J, Fakhouri F, Nakayama H, Boneschansker L, Irimia D, Daly KP, Briscoe DM. Translational implications of endothelial cell dysfunction in association with chronic allograft rejection. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:41-51. [PMID: 25903640 PMCID: PMC4619184 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in therapeutics have dramatically improved short-term graft survival, but the incidence of chronic rejection has not changed in the past 20 years. New insights into mechanism are sorely needed at this time and it is hoped that the development of predictive biomarkers will pave the way for the emergence of preventative therapeutics. In this review, we discuss a paradigm suggesting that sequential changes within graft endothelial cells (EC) lead to an intragraft microenvironment that favors the development of chronic rejection. Key initial events include EC injury, activation and uncontrolled leukocyte-induced angiogenesis. We propose that all of these early changes in the microvasculature lead to abnormal blood flow patterns, local tissue hypoxia, and an associated overexpression of HIF-1α-inducible genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor. We also discuss how cell intrinsic regulators of mTOR-mediated signaling within EC are of critical importance in microvascular stability and may thus have a role in the inhibition of chronic rejection. Finally, we discuss recent findings indicating that miRNAs may regulate EC stability, and we review their potential as novel non-invasive biomarkers of allograft rejection. Overall, this review provides insights into molecular events, genes, and signals that promote chronic rejection and their potential as biomarkers that serve to support the future development of interruption therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bruneau
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- INSERM UMR S-1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Nephrologie (ITUN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Johannes Wedel
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fadi Fakhouri
- INSERM UMR S-1064, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Nephrologie (ITUN), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hironao Nakayama
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leo Boneschansker
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin P Daly
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Briscoe
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Napoleão P, Monteiro MDC, Cabral LBP, Criado MB, Ramos C, Selas M, Viegas-Crespo AM, Saldanha C, Carmo MM, Ferreira RC, Pinheiro T. Changes of soluble CD40 ligand in the progression of acute myocardial infarction associate to endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and vascular endothelial growth factor but not to platelet CD62P expression. Transl Res 2015; 166:650-9. [PMID: 26279254 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reported in vitro data implicated soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis. However, whether sCD40L could exert that influence in endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis after injury in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients remains unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the association of sCD40L with markers of platelet activation, endothelial, and vascular function during a recovery period early after AMI. To achieve this goal, the time changes of soluble, platelet-bound, and microparticle-bound CD40L levels over 1 month were assessed in AMI patients and correlated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations, and platelet expression of P-selectin (CD62P). The association of soluble form, platelet-bound, and microparticle-bound CD40L with CD62P expression on platelets, a marker of platelet activation, was also assessed to evaluate the role of CD40L in the thrombosis, whereas the association with eNOS and VEGF was to evaluate the role of CD40L in vascular dysfunction. This work shows for the first time that time changes of sCD40L over 1 month after myocardial infarct onset were associated with G894T eNOS polymorphism and with the VEGF concentrations, but not to the platelet CD62P expression. These results indicate that, in terms of AMI pathophysiology, the sCD40L cannot be consider just as being involved in thrombosis and inflammation but also as having a relevant role in vascular and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Napoleão
- Carlota Saldanha Lab, Instituto Medicina Molecular (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Céu Monteiro
- IINFACTS-CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Luís B P Cabral
- IINFACTS-CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Maria Begoña Criado
- IINFACTS-CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Catarina Ramos
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Selas
- Serviço Cardiologia, Hospital Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central (CHLC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Viegas-Crespo
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM) & Departamento de Biologia Animal (DBA), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlota Saldanha
- Carlota Saldanha Lab, Instituto Medicina Molecular (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Mota Carmo
- Serviço Cardiologia, Hospital Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central (CHLC), Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC), Faculdade Ciências Médias, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Cruz Ferreira
- Serviço Cardiologia, Hospital Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central (CHLC), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinheiro
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências (IBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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26
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Proinflammatory Cytokines Increase Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:387842. [PMID: 26424968 PMCID: PMC4573992 DOI: 10.1155/2015/387842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial permeability mediator that is highly expressed in lung epithelium. In nonlung cells proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to increase VEGF expression, but their effects on lung epithelium remain unclear. We hypothesized that increases in alveolar epithelial cell VEGF RNA and protein expression occur after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines. We tested this using human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) stimulated with 5 proinflammatory cytokines. VEGF RNA expression was increased 1.4–2.7-fold in response to IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, or TGF-β over 6 hours, with TGF-β having the largest response. TNF-α increased VEGF RNA as early as 1 hour. A mix of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 had effects similar to IL-1. TNF-α increased protein expression as early as 4 hours and had a sustained effect at 16 hours, whereas IL-1 did not increase protein expression. Only VEGF165 was present in cultured A549 cells, yet other isoforms were seen in human lung tissue. Increased expression of VEGF in alveolar epithelial cells occurs in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Increased VEGF expression likely contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases and to the angiogenic phenotype of lung cancer, a disease typically preceded by chronic inflammation.
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27
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Association of CD40 polymorphisms and haplotype with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2015; 36:45-52. [PMID: 26289938 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease that is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Current evidence shows that the CD40-CD40L system plays a crucial role in the development, progression and outcome of SLE. CD40, which stimulates lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, is an important immunomodulator and is expressed in the thyroid follicular cells as well as antigen-presenting cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CD40 gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to SLE and its impact on CD40 expression in Chinese. We analyzed four single nucleotide polymorphisms of CD40 gene rs1883832C/T, rs13040307C/T, rs752118C/T, and rs3765459G/A in 205 patients with SLE and 220 age- and sex-matched controls, using Snapshot SNP genotyping assays and DNA sequencing method. Soluble CD40 (sCD40) levels were measured by ELISA. There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of CD40 gene rs1883832 C/T polymorphism between the group of patients with SLE and the control group (P < 0.05). sCD40 levels were increased in patients with SLE compared with controls (P < 0.01). Moreover, genotypes carrying the CD40 rs1883832 T variant allele were associated with increased CD40 levels compared with the homozygous wild-type genotype in patients with SLE. The rs1883832 C/T polymorphism of CD40 and its sCD40 levels were associated with SLE in the Chinese population. These data suggest that CD40 gene may play an essential role in the development of SLE.
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28
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Dewitte A, Tanga A, Villeneuve J, Lepreux S, Ouattara A, Desmoulière A, Combe C, Ripoche J. New frontiers for platelet CD154. Exp Hematol Oncol 2015; 4:6. [PMID: 25763299 PMCID: PMC4355125 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-015-0001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of platelets extends beyond hemostasis. The pivotal role of platelets in inflammation has shed new light on the natural history of conditions associated with acute or chronic inflammation. Beyond the preservation of vascular integrity, platelets are essential to tissue homeostasis and platelet-derived products are already used in the clinics. Unanticipated was the role of platelets in the adaptative immune response, allowing a renewed conceptual approach of auto-immune diseases. Platelets are also important players in cancer growth and dissemination. Platelets fulfill most of their functions through the expression of still incompletely characterized membrane-bound or soluble mediators. Among them, CD154 holds a peculiar position, as platelets represent a major source of CD154 and as CD154 contributes to most of these new platelet attributes. Here, we provide an overview of some of the new frontiers that the study of platelet CD154 is opening, in inflammation, tissue homeostasis, immune response, hematopoiesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Dewitte
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France ; Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation II, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Annabelle Tanga
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, 08003 Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | | | - Alexandre Ouattara
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation II, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Christian Combe
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France ; Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Dialyse, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Ripoche
- INSERM U1026, and Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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29
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Potential role of soluble CD40 ligand as inflammatory biomarker in colorectal cancer patients. Int J Biol Markers 2014; 29:e261-7. [PMID: 24706377 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation observed in cancer patients is associated with the release of various cytokines, including P-selectin and CD40 ligand (CD40L). We analyzed the plasma levels of sCD40L in association with adhesion molecules (sP-selectin and sVCAM-1) to check the hypothesis of a possible involvement in cancer progression.Blood samples were obtained from 59 patients with different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 29 age and gender-matched control subjects. Plasma sCD40L, sP-selectin, and sVCAM-1 concentrations were measured with quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay.All patients with CRC had significantly higher levels of sCD40L (p<0.001), sP-selectin (p<0.02), and sVCAM-1 (p<0.03), as compared to healthy subjects. The level of sCD40L significantly correlated with sP-selectin (p<0.05) in patients with distant metastases to the liver. We also observed a high negative correlation between sP-selectin and platelets count (p<0.02) in patients with lymph node metastasis. The receiver-operator curve for CRC patients indicated that the area under the curve for sCD40L was 0.915, which may indicate its high efficiency as an inflammatory marker.In our study, the sCD40L correlated with sP-selectin in patients with advanced stage of CRC, which might indicate its possible participation in metastasis formation.
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30
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Weiss JM, Wiltout RH. Multifaceted antitumor responses to activating anti-CD40 antibody therapy combined with immunomodulatory or targeted agents. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e954483. [PMID: 25610748 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.954483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of the CD40 pathway may be efficacious for cancer treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests synergistic and unique antitumor responses may be achieved using CD40-based therapies in combination with other immunomodulators or targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Weiss
- Cancer and Inflammation Program; National Cancer Institute ; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Robert H Wiltout
- Cancer and Inflammation Program; National Cancer Institute ; Frederick, MD USA
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31
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Selvaraj S, Raundhal M, Patidar A, Saha B. Anti-VEGF antibody enhances the antitumor effect of CD40. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1983-8. [PMID: 24604357 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As its central immunomodulatory effects, CD40 induces interleukin (IL)-12-dependent antitumor immune responses; as its local protumor effects, CD40 induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that promotes tumor angiogenesis and growth. Therefore, using a previously established tumor model in mouse, we examined if the antitumor functions of CD40 are self-limited by VEGF induction. We observed that as the tumor mass grew during day 6 to day 18, VEGF expression in the tumor peaked with concomitant decrease in expressions of CD40 and IL-12 but not of IL-10. Among the angiogenic factors, VEGF-B, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, angiopoietin-1 and Tie2 expressions decreased, whereas the expressions of angiopoietin-2 and angiopoietin-3 increased with tumor growth. As significant changes in the expressions of these factors were observed on day 6, we treated the tumor-bearing mice with the agonistic anti-CD40 antibody or neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody-alone or in combination-from the fifth day after the injection of tumor cells. The anti-VEGF antibody significantly enhanced the antitumor effects of the anti-CD40 antibody, as observed through increased survival of the mice, accompanied by reduced angiogenesis and angiopoietin-2 expression but higher T-cell proliferation in response to tumor antigens, increased interferon-γ production and tumor cell cytotoxicity and higher levels of tumor antigen-specific serum IgM, IgG1 and IgG2a, indicating B-cell activation. Thus, our data show for the first time that the combined treatment with an agonistic anti-CD40 antibody and a neutralizing anti-VEGF antibody, which increases antitumor immune response or reduces local angiogenesis, respectively, is a novel antitumor strategy.
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32
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An C, Shi Y, Li P, Hu X, Gan Y, Stetler RA, Leak RK, Gao Y, Sun BL, Zheng P, Chen J. Molecular dialogs between the ischemic brain and the peripheral immune system: dualistic roles in injury and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 115:6-24. [PMID: 24374228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Immune and inflammatory responses actively modulate the pathophysiological processes of acute brain injuries such as stroke. Soon after the onset of stroke, signals such as brain-derived antigens, danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), cytokines, and chemokines are released from the injured brain into the systemic circulation. The injured brain also communicates with peripheral organs through the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Many of these diverse signals not only activate resident immune cells in the brain, but also trigger robust immune responses in the periphery. Peripheral immune cells then migrate toward the site of injury and release additional cytokines, chemokines, and other molecules, causing further disruptive or protective effects in the ischemic brain. Bidirectional communication between the injured brain and the peripheral immune system is now known to regulate the progression of stroke pathology as well as tissue repair. In the end, this exquisitely coordinated crosstalk helps determine the fate of animals after stroke. This article reviews the literature on ischemic brain-derived signals through which peripheral immune responses are triggered, and the potential impact of these peripheral responses on brain injury and repair. Pharmacological strategies and cell-based therapies that target the dialog between the brain and peripheral immune system show promise as potential novel treatments for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrui An
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yejie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Peiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Yu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ruth A Stetler
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bao-Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical University), Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
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Del Porto F, di Gioia C, Tritapepe L, Ferri L, Leopizzi M, Nofroni I, De Santis V, Della Rocca C, Mitterhofer AP, Bruno G, Taurino M, Proietta M. The multitasking role of macrophages in Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. Cardiology 2013; 127:123-9. [PMID: 24334970 DOI: 10.1159/000355253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine whether the release by macrophages of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - leading to inflammation, matrix degradation and neoangiogenesis - represents an effective pathway that underlies aortic wall remodeling in Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (AAD). METHODS Twenty-one consecutive patients with no genetic predisposition, with Stanford type A AAD were selected. In each patient, the levels of serum VEGF, MMP-12, serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ascending aortic specimens were collected for immunohistochemical identification of any presence of inflammatory infiltrate, VEGF and CD31 expression. RESULTS A significant increase in serum VEGF (p = 0.044), MMP-12 (p = 0.007), IL-6 (p = 0.0001), IL-8 (p = 0.0001) and MCP-1 (p = 0.0001) levels was observed in the AAD group compared to the control group. Furthermore, all AAD samples were positive for VEGF in the tunica media and showed vessel growth and immune-inflammatory infiltrate. A large number of cases (62.79%) showed inflammation at the edge of the dissection and approximately half (51.42%) showed neovessels growing at the edge of the dissection. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and matrix degradation play a role in AAD. Finally, we believe that MMP-12 should be considered a marker of AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Del Porto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Facoltà di Medicina e Psicologia, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
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Jaipersad AS, Lip GYH, Silverman S, Shantsila E. The role of monocytes in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 63:1-11. [PMID: 24140662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New vessel formation inside the arterial wall and atherosclerotic plaques plays a critical role in pathogenesis of heart attacks and strokes. The 2 known mechanisms resulting in the formation of new vessels within the plaque are local ischemia and inflammation. Blood monocytes play an important role in both processes. First, they express receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor and some of them may serve as circulating ancestors of endothelial cells. Second, monocytes are associated with inflammation by synthesis of inflammatory molecules following their activation (e.g., after stimulation of Toll-like receptors). Neovascularization is a reparative response to ischemia, and includes 3 processes: angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillary vessels is known to occur in response to a hypoxic environment. The interaction between leukocytes and vascular wall via overexpression of various molecules facilitates the migration of inflammatory cells into the plaque microenvironment. Monocytes are intimately involved in tissue damage and repair and an imbalance of these processes may have detrimental consequences for plaque development and stability. Importantly, monocytes are comprised of distinct subsets with different cell surface markers and functional characteristics and this heterogeneity may be relevant to angiogenic processes in atherosclerosis. The aim of this review article is to present an overview of the available evidence supporting a role for monocytes in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Jaipersad
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley Silverman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Shantsila
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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35
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Qu QX, Huang Q, Xu J, Duan LT, Zhu YB, Zhang XG. CD40 signal regulates CXCR4 mediating ovarian carcinoma cell migration: implications for extrapelvic metastastic factors. Oncol Res 2013; 20:383-92. [PMID: 23924922 DOI: 10.3727/096504013x13657689382653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinomas are highly invasive, especially in the peritoneal cavity. SDF-1α and its receptor, CXCR4, play a crucial role in migration of cancer cells. Here, SDF-1α directed HO8910 cell migration, but not SKOV3 cells. After being educated to express CXCR4 in vivo or by treating with sCD40L, SDF-1α reexhibited the ability of directing SKOV3 cell migration, which could be antagonized by CXCR4-neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, concomitant expression of CXCR4/CD40 in ovarian carcinoma tissues had stronger correlation with pelvic metastasis than did each alone. It is suggest that SDF-1α acts through CXCR4 to induce ovarian cancer cell migration, which could be facilitated by CD40 activation. Simultaneously examining the expression of CXCR4 and CD40 will provide valuable diagnosis of pelvic metastasis for ovarian carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Qu
- Clinical Immunology Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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36
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Yu H, Segers F, Sliedregt‐Bol K, Bot I, Woltman AM, Boross P, Verbeek S, Overkleeft H, Marel GA, Kooten C, Berkel TJC, Biessen EAL. Identification of a novel CD40 ligand for targeted imaging of inflammatory plaques by phage display. FASEB J 2013; 27:4136-46. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-224667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsLeiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Filip Segers
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsLeiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsLeiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Andrea M. Woltman
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Boross
- Department of Human and Clinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human and Clinical GeneticsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Herman Overkleeft
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gijs A. Marel
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Cees Kooten
- Department of NephrologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Theo J. C. Berkel
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsLeiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Division of BiopharmaceuticsLeiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
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DEPTOR regulates vascular endothelial cell activation and proinflammatory and angiogenic responses. Blood 2013; 122:1833-42. [PMID: 23881914 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-03-488486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis and the prevention of chronic inflammatory disease are dependent on the active process of inflammation resolution. In endothelial cells (ECs), proinflammation results from the activation of intracellular signaling responses and/or the inhibition of endogenous regulatory/pro-resolution signaling networks that, to date, are poorly defined. In this study, we find that DEP domain containing mTOR interacting protein (DEPTOR) is expressed in different microvascular ECs in vitro and in vivo, and using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown approach, we find that it regulates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 activation in part through independent mechanisms. Moreover, using limited gene arrays, we observed that DEPTOR regulates EC activation including mRNA expression of the T-cell chemoattractant chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CX3CL1, CCL5, and CCL20 and the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (P < .05). DEPTOR siRNA-transfected ECs also bound increased numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P < .005) and CD3+ T cells (P < .005) in adhesion assays in vitro and had increased migration and angiogenic responses in spheroid sprouting (P < .01) and wound healing (P < .01) assays. Collectively, these findings define DEPTOR as a critical upstream regulator of EC activation responses and suggest that it plays an important role in endogenous mechanisms of anti-inflammation and pro-resolution.
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38
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Understanding the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease by network and pathway analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2013; 2013:989307. [PMID: 23533546 PMCID: PMC3606754 DOI: 10.1155/2013/989307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a complex disease, leading to the damage of multisystems. The pathogen that triggers this sophisticated disease is still unknown since it was first reported in 1967. To increase our knowledge on the effects of genes in KD, we extracted statistically significant genes so far associated with this mysterious illness from candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies. These genes contributed to susceptibility to KD, coronary artery lesions, resistance to initial IVIG treatment, incomplete KD, and so on. Gene ontology category and pathways were analyzed for relationships among these statistically significant genes. These genes were represented in a variety of functional categories, including immune response, inflammatory response, and cellular calcium ion homeostasis. They were mainly enriched in the pathway of immune response. We further highlighted the compelling immune pathway of NF-AT signal and leukocyte interactions combined with another transcription factor NF- κ B in the pathogenesis of KD. STRING analysis, a network analysis focusing on protein interactions, validated close contact between these genes and implied the importance of this pathway. This data will contribute to understanding pathogenesis of KD.
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Increased concentrations of soluble CD40 ligand platelet in patients with primary antiphospholipidic syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 9:216-20. [PMID: 23453663 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the concentrations of sCD40L in patients with PAPS, and establish its association with the number of thrombosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included patients with PAPS and healthy controls of the same age and sex. For analysis, patients with PAPS were divided into 2 groups: 1) patients with 1 thrombosis, and 2) patients with >1 thrombosis. Soluble CD40L concentrations were determined by ELISA method. RESULTS sCD40L concentrations were significantly higher in patients with PAPS compared with the controls (9.72 ng ± 11.23 ng/ml vs. 4.69 ± 4.04 ng/ml) (P=.04) There was no association between serum levels of sCD40L and the number of thrombosis (1 thrombosis: 9.81 ± 9.87 ng/ml vs 9.63 ± 12.75 ng/ml in ≥ 1thrombosis (P=.13). In women with pregnancy and abortions, (13 patients) concentrations of sCD40L were higher than in those patients without a history of abortion (26 patients) but without statically significant difference (12.11 ± 16.46 ng/ml vs. 8.80 ± 8.61 ng/ml) (P=.33). There was no correlation between levels of sCD40L and the total number of thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PAPS have higher concentrations of sCD40L compared with healthy subjects, although this is not associated with a greater number of thrombosis. Among patients with PAPS, there is a tendency to higher concentrations of sCD40L in women with pregnancy and history of abortion. Since the platelet is the main cellular source of sCD40L, is possible that this pathway plays a pathogenic role in patients with PAPS.
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40
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Azzam H, Abousamra NK, Wafa AA, Hafez MM, El-Gilany AH. Upregulation of CD40/CD40L system in rheumatic mitral stenosis with or without atrial fibrillation. Platelets 2012; 24:516-20. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.721906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Elevated serum soluble CD40 ligand in cancer patients may play an immunosuppressive role. Blood 2012; 120:3030-8. [PMID: 22932804 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-427799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells can induce certain cytokines and soluble receptors that have a suppressive effect on the immune system. In this study, we showed that an extracellular portion of a membrane-bound ligand of CD40 (soluble CD40 ligand; sCD40L) was significantly elevated in the serum of cancer patients compared with healthy donors. In addition, PBMCs from cancer patients had a relatively larger population of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), defined as CD33(+)HLA-DR(-) cells, and these cells expressed higher levels of CD40. T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production decreased when stimulated T cells were cocultured with an increased amount of autologous MDSCs. The addition of recombinant monomeric sCD40L enriched MDSCs and had an additive inhibitory effect on T-cell proliferation. PBMCs cultured in vitro with sCD40L also showed an expansion of regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+)), as well as induction of cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-6. Moreover, sCD40L-induced enrichment of programmed death-1-expressing T cells was greater in cancer patients than in healthy donors. Preexisting sCD40L also inhibited IL-12 production from monocytes on activation. These data suggest that the higher levels of sCD40L seen in cancer patients may have an immunosuppressive effect.
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Dormond O, Dufour M, Seto T, Bruneau S, Briscoe DM. Targeting the intragraft microenvironment and the development of chronic allograft rejection. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:1261-8. [PMID: 22863981 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss a paradigm whereby changes in the intragraft microenvironment promote or sustain the development of chronic allograft rejection. A key feature of this model involves the microvasculature including (a) endothelial cell (EC) destruction, and (b) EC proliferation, both of which result from alloimmune leukocyte- and/or alloantibody-induced responses. These changes in the microvasculature likely create abnormal blood flow patterns and thus promote local tissue hypoxia. Another feature of the chronic rejection microenvironment involves the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF stimulates EC activation and proliferation and it has potential to sustain inflammation via direct interactions with leukocytes. In this manner, VEGF may promote ongoing tissue injury. Finally, we review how these events can be targeted therapeutically using mTOR inhibitors. EC activation and proliferation as well as VEGF-VEGFR interactions require PI-3K/Akt/mTOR intracellular signaling. Thus, agents that inhibit this signaling pathway within the graft may also target the progression of chronic rejection and thus promote long-term graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dormond
- The Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Chung HW, Jang S, Lim JB. Clinical implications and diagnostic usefulness of correlation between soluble major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related molecule a and protumorigenic cytokines in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2012; 119:233-44. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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44
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Shigeta A, Tada Y, Wang JY, Ishizaki S, Tsuyusaki J, Yamauchi K, Kasahara Y, Iesato K, Tanabe N, Takiguchi Y, Sakamoto A, Tokuhisa T, Shibuya K, Hiroshima K, West J, Tatsumi K. CD40 amplifies Fas-mediated apoptosis: a mechanism contributing to emphysema. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L141-51. [PMID: 22610351 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00337.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive apoptosis and prolonged inflammation of alveolar cells are associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. We aimed to determine whether CD40 affects alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells, with regard to evoking apoptosis and inflammation. Mice were repeatedly treated with agonistic-anti CD40 antibody (Ab), with or without agonistic-anti Fas Ab, and evaluated for apoptosis and inflammation in lungs. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells were treated with agonistic anti-CD40 Ab and/or anti-Fas Ab to see their direct effect on apoptosis and secretion of proinflammatory molecules in vitro. Furthermore, plasma soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) level was evaluated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In mice, inhaling agonistic anti-CD40 Ab induced moderate alveolar enlargement. CD40 stimulation, in combination with anti-Fas Ab, induced significant emphysematous changes and increased alveolar cell apoptosis. CD40 stimulation also enhanced IFN-γ-mediated emphysematous changes, not via apoptosis induction, but via inflammation with lymphocyte accumulation. In vitro, Fas-mediated apoptosis was enhanced by CD40 stimulation and IFN-γ in endothelial cells and by CD40 stimulation in epithelial cells. CD40 stimulation induced secretion of CCR5 ligands in endothelial cells, enhanced with IFN-γ. Plasma sCD40L levels were significantly increased in patients with COPD, inversely correlating to the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and positively correlating to low attenuation area score by CT scan, regardless of smoking history. Collectively CD40 plays a contributing role in the development of pulmonary emphysema by sensitizing Fas-mediated apoptosis in alveolar cells and increasing the secretion of proinflammatory chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Shigeta
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Edelbauer M, Kshirsagar S, Riedl M, Billing H, Tönshoff B, Haffner D, Dötsch J, Wechselberger G, Weber LT, Steichen-Gersdorf E. Soluble VEGF receptor 1 promotes endothelial injury in children and adolescents with lupus nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:793-800. [PMID: 22147121 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-2062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell injury plays a key role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to identify factors involved in the process of endothelial damage in children and adolescents with LN. METHODS We evaluated the relationship between plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its soluble receptors sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 and markers of endothelial inflammation and injury (angiopoietin-2 and thrombomodulin, respectively) in 23 children and adolescents with LN (active LN, n = 14; inactive LN, n = 9; mean age 15 years) and 20 healthy controls (HC; mean age 12 years). RESULTS VEGF, sVEGFR-1, angiopoietin-2 and thrombomodulin levels were significantly higher in children and adolescents with active LN than in patients in remission or HC. In active LN, however, VEGF was inversely related to sVEGFR-1 (r = -0.802, p < 0.001), angiopoietin-2 (r = -0.684, p = 0.007) and thrombomodulin (r = -0.697, p = 0.006). There was a significant positive correlation between sVEGFR-1 and thrombomodulin (r = 0.814, p < 0.0001), but sVEGFR-2 did not significantly differ between the patient groups and did not correlate with thrombomodulin (r = 0.046, p = 0.833). CONCLUSIONS sVEGFR-1 may play an important role in promoting endothelial damage in children and adolescents with active LN and could possibly be used to monitor disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Edelbauer
- Department of Pediatrics I, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Castañer O, Covas MI, Khymenets O, Nyyssonen K, Konstantinidou V, Zunft HF, de la Torre R, Muñoz-Aguayo D, Vila J, Fitó M. Protection of LDL from oxidation by olive oil polyphenols is associated with a downregulation of CD40-ligand expression and its downstream products in vivo in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1238-44. [PMID: 22440854 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.029207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the European Food Safety Authority approved a claim concerning the benefits of olive oil polyphenols for the protection of LDL from oxidation. Polyphenols could exert health benefits not only by scavenging free radicals but also by modulating gene expression. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether olive oil polyphenols could modulate the human in vivo expressions of atherosclerosis-related genes in which LDL oxidation is involved. DESIGN In a randomized, crossover, controlled trial, 18 healthy European volunteers daily received 25 mL olive oil with a low polyphenol content (LPC: 2.7 mg/kg) or a high polyphenol content (HPC: 366 mg/kg) in intervention periods of 3 wk separated by 2-wk washout periods. RESULTS Systemic LDL oxidation and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and the expression of proatherogenic genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [ie, CD40 ligand (CD40L), IL-23α subunit p19 (IL23A), adrenergic β-2 receptor (ADRB2), oxidized LDL (lectin-like) receptor 1 (OLR1), and IL-8 receptor-α (IL8RA)] decreased after the HPC intervention compared with after the LPC intervention. Random-effects linear regression analyses showed 1) a significant decrease in CD40, ADRB2, and IL8RA gene expression with the decrease of LDL oxidation and 2) a significant decrease in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and OLR1 gene expression with increasing concentrations of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol in urine. CONCLUSIONS In addition to reducing LDL oxidation, the intake of polyphenol-rich olive oil reduces CD40L gene expression, its downstream products, and related genes involved in atherogenic and inflammatory processes in vivo in humans. These findings provide evidence that polyphenol-rich olive oil can act through molecular mechanisms to provide cardiovascular health benefits. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN09220811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Research Groups of Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques-Research Institute Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Tsirakis G, Pappa CA, Psarakis FE, Fragioudaki M, Tsioutis C, Stavroulaki E, Boula A, Alexandrakis MG. Serum concentrations and clinical significance of soluble CD40 ligand in patients with multiple myeloma. Med Oncol 2012; 29:2396-401. [PMID: 22403003 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of plasma cells that express the CD40 receptor. Binding of the CD40 by its natural ligand, CD40 ligand (CD40L), produces growth arrest and/or apoptosis in MM. To evaluate serum levels of soluble CD40L (sCD40L) in MM patients and to correlate them with markers of disease activity and angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), proliferation marker Ki-67 proliferation index (Ki-67 PI) and bone marrow plasma cell infiltration, fifty-eight MM patients were studied in diagnosis and 43 of them after completion of treatment. Serum levels of sCD40L, VEGF, HGF and IL-6 were measured by ELISA, whereas Ki-67 PI and bone marrow plasma cell infiltration were measured by immunohistochemistry. Pre-treatment levels of sCD40L in MM patients were higher compared to controls and to their levels after effective treatment. Treatment regimen did not affect the degree of reduction of sCD40L levels, whereas patient in partial remission had increased levels compared to those with better response. Significant differences were found among disease stages. There were also positive correlations between CD40L with HGF, VEGF, IL-6 and Ki-67 PI. Elevated serum sCD40L is found in patients with advanced MM stage and can be reduced after effective treatment. Increased levels of this mediator are correlated with angiogenic cytokines, providing evidences that CD40L/CD40 interactions play a significant role in the mechanisms of angiogenesis in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tsirakis
- Haematology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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48
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Bruneau S, Datta D, Flaxenburg JA, Pal S, Briscoe DM. TRAF6 inhibits proangiogenic signals in endothelial cells and regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:66-71. [PMID: 22326918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
TNF-family molecules induce the expression Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in endothelial cells (EC) and elicit signaling responses that result in angiogenesis. However, the role of TNF-receptor associated factors (TRAFs) as upstream regulators of VEGF expression or as mediators of angiogenesis is not known. In this study, HUVEC were cotransfected with a full-length VEGF promoter-luciferase construct and siRNAs to TRAF 1, -2, -3, -5, -6, and promoter activity was measured. Paradoxically, rather than inhibiting VEGF expression, we found that knockdown of TRAF6 resulted in a 4-6-fold increase in basal VEGF promoter activity compared to control siRNA-transfected EC (P<0.0001). In addition, knockdown of TRAF 1, -2, -3 or -5 resulted in a slight increase or no change in VEGF promoter activation. Using [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assays as well as the in vitro wound healing assay, we also found that basal rates of EC proliferation and migration were increased following TRAF6 knockdown; and this response was inhibited by the addition of a blocking anti-VEGF antibody into cell cultures. Using a limited protein array to gain insight into TRAF6-dependent intermediary signaling responses, we observed that TRAF6 knockdown resulted in an increase in the activity of Src family kinases. In addition, we found that treatment with AZD-0530, a pharmacological Src inhibitor, reduced the regulatory effect of TRAF6 knockdown on VEGF promoter activity. Collectively, these findings define a novel pro-angiogenic signaling response in EC that is regulated by TRAF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bruneau
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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The role of costimulatory receptors of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family in atherosclerosis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:464532. [PMID: 22235167 PMCID: PMC3253462 DOI: 10.1155/2012/464532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is mediated by both the innate and adaptive immune responses. T lymphocytes, that together with B cells are the cellular effectors of the adaptive immune system, are currently endowed with crucial roles in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Costimulatory receptors are a class of molecules expressed by T lymphocytes that regulate the activation of T cells and the generation of effector T-cell responses. In this review we present the roles of costimulatory receptors of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily in atherosclerosis and discuss the implications for future therapies that could be used to specifically modulate the immune response of pathogenic T cells in this disease.
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Shuang C, Dalin L, Weiguang Y, Zhenkun F, Fengyan X, Da P, Li D. Association of CD40 gene polymorphisms with sporadic breast cancer in Chinese Han women of Northeast China. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23762. [PMID: 21912605 PMCID: PMC3166053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a polygenetic disorder with a complex inheritance pattern. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common genetic variations, influence not only phenotypic traits, but also interindividual predisposition to disease, treatment outcomes with drugs and disease prognosis. The co-stimulatory molecule CD40 plays a prominent role in immune regulation and homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD40 contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer. Here, we set out to test the association between polymorphisms in the CD40 gene and breast carcinogenesis and tumor pathology. Methodology and Principal Findings Four SNPs (rs1800686, rs1883832, rs4810485 and rs3765459) were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in a case-control study including 591 breast cancer patients and 600 age-matched healthy controls. Differences in the genotypic distribution between breast cancer patients and healthy controls were analyzed by the Chi-square test for trends. Our preliminary data showed a statistically significant association between the four CD40 gene SNPs and sporadic breast cancer risk (additive P = 0.0223, 0.0012, 0.0013 and 0.0279, respectively). A strong association was also found using the dominant, recessive and homozygote comparison genetic models. In the clinical features analysis, significant associations were observed between CD40 SNPs and lymph node metastasis, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (C-erbB2), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and tumor protein 53 (P53) statuses. In addition, our haplotype analysis indicated that the haplotype Crs1883832Grs4810485, which was located within the only linkage disequilibrium (LD) block identified, was a protective haplotype for breast cancer, whereas Trs1883832Trs4810485 increased the risk in the studied population, even after correcting the P value for multiple testing (P = 0.0337 and 0.0430, respectively). Conclusions and Significance Our findings primarily show that CD40 gene polymorphisms contribute to sporadic breast cancer risk and have a significant association with clinicopathological features among Chinese Han women from the Heilongjiang Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shuang
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Dalin
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Weiguang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fu Zhenkun
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Fengyan
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pang Da
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (PD); (DL)
| | - Dianjun Li
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (PD); (DL)
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