1
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Marin-Valencia I. Metabolic Determinants of Cerebellar Circuit Formation and Maintenance. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1626-1641. [PMID: 38123901 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cells configure their metabolism in a synchronized and timely manner to meet their energy demands throughout development and adulthood. Transitions of developmental stages are coupled to metabolic shifts, such that glycolysis is highly active during cell proliferation, whereas oxidative phosphorylation prevails in postmitotic states. In the cerebellum, metabolic transitions are remarkable given its protracted developmental timelines. Such distinctive feature, along with its high neuronal density and metabolic demands, make the cerebellum highly vulnerable to metabolic insults. Despite the expansion of metabolomic approaches to uncover biological mechanisms, little is known about the role of metabolism on cerebellar development and maintenance. To illuminate the intricate connections between metabolism, physiology, and cerebellar disorders, we examined here the impact of metabolism on cerebellar growth, maturation, and adulthood through the lens of inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- The Abimael Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isaac Marin-Valencia
- The Abimael Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomics Medicine, and Pediatrics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Ogunbileje JO, Harris N, Wynn T, Kashif R, Stover B, Osa-Andrews B. ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter of Clinical Significance: Sideroblastic Anemia. J Pers Med 2024; 14:636. [PMID: 38929857 PMCID: PMC11204910 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a vast group of 48 membrane proteins, some of which are of notable physiological and clinical importance. Some ABC transporters are involved in functions such as the transport of chloride ions, bilirubin, reproductive hormones, cholesterol, and iron. Consequently, genetic or physiological disruption in these functions is manifested in various disease processes like cystic fibrosis, Tangier disease, and sideroblastic anemia. Among other etiologies, primary sideroblastic anemia results from a genetic mutation in the ATP-binding cassette-7 (ABCB7), a member of the ABC transporter family. There are not many articles specifically tackling the disease processes caused by ABC transporters in detail. Some testing methodologies previously reported in the available literature for investigating sideroblastic anemia need updating. Here, we expound on the relevance of ABCB7 as a clinically important ABC transporter and a rare participant in the disease process of Sideroblastic anemia. The other genetic and secondary etiologies of sideroblastic anemia, which do not involve mutations in the ABCB7 protein, are also described. We review the pathophysiology, clinical course, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of sideroblastic anemia with a focus on modern technologies for laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Harris
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tung Wynn
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Reema Kashif
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian Stover
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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3
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Dancis A, Pandey AK, Pain D. Mitochondria function in cytoplasmic FeS protein biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119733. [PMID: 38641180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Iron‑sulfur (FeS) clusters are cofactors of numerous proteins involved in essential cellular functions including respiration, protein translation, DNA synthesis and repair, ribosome maturation, anti-viral responses, and isopropylmalate isomerase activity. Novel FeS proteins are still being discovered due to the widespread use of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and elegant genetic screens targeted at protein discovery. A complex sequence of biochemical reactions mediated by a conserved machinery controls biosynthesis of FeS clusters. In eukaryotes, a remarkable epistasis has been observed: the mitochondrial machinery, termed ISC (Iron-Sulfur Cluster), lies upstream of the cytoplasmic machinery, termed CIA (Cytoplasmic Iron‑sulfur protein Assembly). The basis for this arrangement is the production of a hitherto uncharacterized intermediate, termed X-S or (Fe-S)int, produced in mitochondria by the ISC machinery, exported by the mitochondrial ABC transporter Atm1 (ABCB7 in humans), and then utilized by the CIA machinery for the cytoplasmic/nuclear FeS cluster assembly. Genetic and biochemical findings supporting this sequence of events are herein presented. New structural views of the Atm1 transport phases are reviewed. The key compartmental roles of glutathione in cellular FeS cluster biogenesis are highlighted. Finally, data are presented showing that every one of the ten core components of the mitochondrial ISC machinery and Atm1, when mutated or depleted, displays similar phenotypes: mitochondrial and cytoplasmic FeS clusters are both rendered deficient, consistent with the epistasis noted above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dancis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Ashutosh K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Debkumar Pain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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4
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Lamačová LJ, Trnka J. Chelating mitochondrial iron and copper: Recipes, pitfalls and promise. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101903. [PMID: 38777220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Iron and copper chelation therapy plays a crucial role in treating conditions associated with metal overload, such as hemochromatosis or Wilson's disease. However, conventional chelators face challenges in reaching the core of iron and copper metabolism - the mitochondria. Mitochondria-targeted chelators can specifically target and remove metal ions from mitochondria, showing promise in treating diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Additionally, they serve as specific mitochondrial metal sensors. However, designing these new molecules presents its own set of challenges. Depending on the chelator's intended use to prevent or to promote redox cycling of the metals, the chelating moiety must possess different donor atoms and an optimal value of the electrode potential of the chelator-metal complex. Various targeting moieties can be employed for selective delivery into the mitochondria. This review also provides an overview of the current progress in the design of mitochondria-targeted chelators and their biological activity investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie J Lamačová
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trnka
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Praha, Czech Republic.
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5
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Sharma P, Bhatia P, Singh M, Jamwal M, Pallavelangini S, Das R, Malhotra P, Attri SV, Ducamp S, Fleming MD, Trehan A. Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Identifies a Diverse Landscape of Sideroblastic and Nonsideroblastic Iron-Related Anemias with Novel and Pathogenic Variants in an Iron-Deficient Endemic Setting. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:430-444. [PMID: 38360212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited iron metabolism defects are possibly missed or underdiagnosed in iron-deficient endemic settings because of a lack of awareness or a methodical screening approach. Hence, we systematically evaluated anemia cases (2019 to 2021) based on clinical phenotype, normal screening tests (high-performance liquid chromatography, α gene sequencing, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and tissue transglutaminase), and abnormal iron profile by targeted next-generation sequencing (26-gene panel) supplemented with whole-exome sequencing, multiplex ligation probe amplification/mitochondrial DNA sequencing, and chromosomal microarray. Novel variants in ALAS2, STEAP3, and HSPA9 genes were functionally validated. A total of 290 anemia cases were screened, and 41 (14%) enrolled for genomic testing as per inclusion criteria. Comprehensive genomic testing revealed pathogenic variants in 23 of 41 cases (56%). Congenital sideroblastic anemia was the most common diagnosis (14/23; 61%), with pathogenic variations in ALAS2 (n = 6), SLC25A38 (n = 3), HSPA9 (n = 2) and HSCB, SLC19A2, and mitochondrial DNA deletion (n = 1 each). Nonsideroblastic iron defects included STEAP3-related microcytic anemia (2/23; 8.7%) and hypotransferrenemia (1/23; 4.3%). A total of 6 of 22 cases (27%) revealed a non-iron metabolism gene defect on whole-exome sequencing. Eleven novel variants (including variants of uncertain significance) were noted in 13 cases. Genotype-phenotype correlation revealed a significant association of frameshift/nonsense/splice variants with lower presentation age (0.8 months versus 9 years; P < 0.01) compared with missense variants. The systematic evaluation helped uncover an inherited iron defect in 41% (17/41) of cases, suggesting the need for active screening and awareness for these rare diseases in an iron-deficient endemic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- Pediatric Haematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prateek Bhatia
- Pediatric Haematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Minu Singh
- Pediatric Haematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manu Jamwal
- Department of Haematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Swetha Pallavelangini
- Pediatric Haematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Reena Das
- Department of Haematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Clinical Haematology and Medical Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Savita V Attri
- Pediatric Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sarah Ducamp
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amita Trehan
- Pediatric Haematology Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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6
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Villa M, Wu J, Hansen S, Pahnke J. Emerging Role of ABC Transporters in Glia Cells in Health and Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2024; 13:740. [PMID: 38727275 PMCID: PMC11083179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role for the efflux of a wide range of substrates across different cellular membranes. In the central nervous system (CNS), ABC transporters have recently gathered significant attention due to their pivotal involvement in brain physiology and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glial cells are fundamental for normal CNS function and engage with several ABC transporters in different ways. Here, we specifically highlight ABC transporters involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis and their implications in its metabolic regulation. We also show new aspects related to ABC transporter function found in less recognized diseases, such as Huntington's disease (HD) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Understanding both their impact on the physiological regulation of the CNS and their roles in brain diseases holds promise for uncovering new therapeutic options. Further investigations and preclinical studies are warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between glial ABC transporters and physiological brain functions, potentially leading to effective therapeutic interventions also for rare CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villa
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jingyun Wu
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefanie Hansen
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, Department of Clinical Medicine (KlinMed), Medical Faculty, University of Oslo (UiO) and Section of Neuropathology Research, Department of Pathology (PAT), Clinics for Laboratory Medicine (KLM), Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine (INUM)/Lübeck Institute of Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck (UzL) and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia (LU), Jelgavas iela 3, LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Georg S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Tel Aviv IL-6997801, Israel
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7
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Moison C, Gracias D, Schmitt J, Girard S, Spinella JF, Fortier S, Boivin I, Mendoza-Sanchez R, Thavonekham B, MacRae T, Mayotte N, Bonneil E, Wittman M, Carmichael J, Ruel R, Thibault P, Hébert J, Marinier A, Sauvageau G. SF3B1 mutations provide genetic vulnerability to copper ionophores in human acute myeloid leukemia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl4018. [PMID: 38517966 PMCID: PMC10959413 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In a phenotypical screen of 56 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples and using a library of 10,000 compounds, we identified a hit with increased sensitivity toward SF3B1-mutated and adverse risk AMLs. Through structure-activity relationship studies, this hit was optimized into a potent, specific, and nongenotoxic molecule called UM4118. We demonstrated that UM4118 acts as a copper ionophore that initiates a mitochondrial-based noncanonical form of cell death known as cuproptosis. CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screen further revealed that iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) deficiency enhances copper-mediated cell death. Specifically, we found that loss of the mitochondrial ISC transporter ABCB7 is synthetic lethal to UM4118. ABCB7 is misspliced and down-regulated in SF3B1-mutated leukemia, creating a vulnerability to copper ionophores. Accordingly, ABCB7 overexpression partially rescued SF3B1-mutated cells to copper overload. Together, our work provides mechanistic insights that link ISC deficiency to cuproptosis, as exemplified by the high sensitivity of SF3B1-mutated AMLs. We thus propose SF3B1 mutations as a biomarker for future copper ionophore-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Moison
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Deanne Gracias
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Schmitt
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Simon Girard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-François Spinella
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Simon Fortier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabel Boivin
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Bounkham Thavonekham
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tara MacRae
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nadine Mayotte
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Eric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mark Wittman
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Carmichael
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Réjean Ruel
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Anne Marinier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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8
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Pan E, Tao F, Smorodina E, Zhang S. Structural bioinformatics studies of six human ABC transporters and their AlphaFold2-predicted water-soluble QTY variants. QRB DISCOVERY 2024; 5:e1. [PMID: 38577032 PMCID: PMC10988169 DOI: 10.1017/qrd.2024.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest families of membrane proteins and perform diverse functions. Many of them are associated with multidrug resistance that often results in cancer treatment with poor outcomes. Here, we present the structural bioinformatics study of six human ABC membrane transporters with experimentally determined cryo-electron microscopy (CryoEM) structures including ABCB7, ABCC8, ABCD1, ABCD4, ABCG1, ABCG5, and their AlphaFold2-predicted water-soluble QTY variants. In the native structures, there are hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine (L), isoleucine (I), valine (V), and phenylalanine (F) in the transmembrane alpha helices. These hydrophobic amino acids are systematically replaced by hydrophilic amino acids glutamine (Q), threonine (T), and tyrosine (Y). Therefore, these QTY variants become water soluble. We also present the superposed structures of native ABC transporters and their water-soluble QTY variants. The superposed structures show remarkable similarity with root mean square deviations between 1.064 and 3.413 Å despite significant (41.90-54.33%) changes to the protein sequence of the transmembrane domains. We also show the differences in hydrophobicity patches between the native ABC transporters and their QTY variants. We explain the rationale behind why the QTY membrane protein variants become water soluble. Our structural bioinformatics studies provide insight into the differences between the hydrophobic helices and hydrophilic helices and will likely further stimulate designs of water-soluble multispan transmembrane proteins and other aggregated proteins. The water-soluble ABC transporters may be useful as soluble antigens to generate therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for combating multidrug resistance in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Pan
- The Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Fei Tao
- Laboratory of Food Microbial Technology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Eva Smorodina
- Laboratory for Computational and Systems Immunology, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Architecture, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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9
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Tatwavedi D, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J. Recent advances in the application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology to the study of myeloid malignancies. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:100993. [PMID: 37827894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Acquired myeloid malignancies are a spectrum of clonal disorders known to be caused by sequential acquisition of genetic lesions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, leading to their aberrant self-renewal and differentiation. The increasing use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to study myeloid malignancies has helped usher a paradigm shift in approaches to disease modeling and drug discovery, especially when combined with gene-editing technology. The process of reprogramming allows for the capture of the diversity of genetic lesions and mutational burden found in primary patient samples into individual stable iPSC lines. Patient-derived iPSC lines, owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, can thus be a homogenous source of disease relevant material that allow for the study of disease pathogenesis using various functional read-outs. Furthermore, genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 enable the study of the stepwise progression from normal to malignant hematopoiesis through the introduction of specific driver mutations, individually or in combination, to create isogenic lines for comparison. In this review, we survey the current use of iPSCs to model acquired myeloid malignancies including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), acute myeloid leukemia and MDS/MPN overlap syndromes. The use of iPSCs has enabled the interrogation of the underlying mechanism of initiation and progression driving these diseases. It has also made drug testing, repurposing, and the discovery of novel therapies for these diseases possible in a high throughput setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharamveer Tatwavedi
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Abstract
ABC transporters are essential for cellular physiology. Humans have 48 ABC genes organized into seven distinct families. Of these genes, 44 (in five distinct families) encode for membrane transporters, of which several are involved in drug resistance and disease pathways resulting from transporter dysfunction. Over the last decade, advances in structural biology have vastly expanded our mechanistic understanding of human ABC transporter function, revealing details of their molecular arrangement, regulation, and interactions, facilitated in large part by advances in cryo-EM that have rendered hitherto inaccessible targets amenable to high-resolution structural analysis. As a result, experimentally determined structures of multiple members of each of the five families of ABC transporters in humans are now available. Here we review this recent progress, highlighting the physiological relevance of human ABC transporters and mechanistic insights gleaned from their direct structure determination. We also discuss the impact and limitations of model systems and structure prediction methods in understanding human ABC transporters and discuss current challenges and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Alam
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kaspar P Locher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland;
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11
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Faherty L, Kenny S, Cloonan SM. Iron and mitochondria in the susceptibility, pathogenesis and progression of COPD. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:219-237. [PMID: 36729089 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung disease characterised by airflow limitation, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and airway remodelling. Cigarette smoke is considered the primary risk factor for the development of COPD; however, genetic factors, host responses and infection also play an important role. Accumulating evidence highlights a role for iron dyshomeostasis and cellular iron accumulation in the lung as a key contributing factor in the development and pathogenesis of COPD. Recent studies have also shown that mitochondria, the central players in cellular iron utilisation, are dysfunctional in respiratory cells in individuals with COPD, with alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics driving disease progression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of mitochondria and cellular iron metabolism in the lung may unveil potential novel investigational avenues and therapeutic targets to aid in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Faherty
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Kenny
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
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12
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Genetic suppressors of Δgrx3 Δgrx4, lacking redundant multidomain monothiol yeast glutaredoxins, rescue growth and iron homeostasis. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231328. [PMID: 35593209 PMCID: PMC9202360 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx3 and Grx4 are multidomain monothiol glutaredoxins that are redundant with each other. They can be efficiently complemented by heterologous expression of their mammalian ortholog, PICOT, which has been linked to tumor development and embryogenesis. PICOT is now believed to act as a chaperone distributing Fe-S clusters, although the first link to iron metabolism was observed with its yeast counterparts. Like PICOT, yeast Grx3 and Grx4 reside in the cytosol and nucleus where they form unusual Fe-S clusters coordinated by two glutaredoxins with CGFS motifs and two molecules of glutathione. Depletion or deletion of Grx3/Grx4 leads to functional impairment of virtually all cellular iron-dependent processes and loss of cell viability, thus making these genes the most upstream components of the iron utilization system. Nevertheless, the Δgrx3/4 double mutant in the BY4741 genetic background is viable and exhibits slow but stable growth under hypoxic conditions. Upon exposure to air, growth of the double deletion strain ceases, and suppressor mutants appear. Adopting a high copy-number library screen approach, we discovered novel genetic interactions: overexpression of ESL1, ESL2, SOK1, SFP1 or BDF2 partially rescues growth and iron utilization defects of Δgrx3/4. This genetic escape from the requirement for Grx3/Grx4 has not been previously described. Our study shows that even a far-upstream component of the iron regulatory machinery (Grx3/4) can be bypassed, and cellular networks involving RIM101 pH sensing, cAMP signaling, mTOR nutritional signaling, or bromodomain acetylation, may confer the bypassing activities.
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13
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Yan Q, Shen Y, Yang X. Cryo-EM Structure of AMP-PNP-bound Human Mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCB7. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107832. [PMID: 35041979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 7 (ABCB7) is localized in the inner membrane of mitochondria, playing a critical role in iron metabolism. Here, we determined the structure of the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog adenosine-5'-(β-γ-imido) triphosphate (AMP-PNP) bound human ABCB7 at 3.3 Å by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). The AMP-PNP-bound human ABCB7 shows an inverted V-shaped homodimeric architecture with an inward-facing open conformation. One AMP-PNP molecule and Mg2+ were identified in each nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the hABCB7 monomer. Moreover, four disease-causing missense mutations of human ABCB7 have been mapped to the structure, creating a hotspot map for X-linked sideroblastic anemia and ataxia disease. Our results provide a structural basis for further understanding the transport mechanism of the mitochondrial ABC transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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14
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Lieu YK, Liu Z, Ali AM, Wei X, Penson A, Zhang J, An X, Rabadan R, Raza A, Manley JL, Mukherjee S. SF3B1 mutant-induced missplicing of MAP3K7 causes anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111703119. [PMID: 34930825 PMCID: PMC8740767 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111703119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SF3B1 is the most frequently mutated RNA splicing factor in cancer, including in ∼25% of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients. SF3B1-mutated MDS, which is strongly associated with ringed sideroblast morphology, is characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, leading to severe, often fatal anemia. However, functional evidence linking SF3B1 mutations to the anemia described in MDS patients harboring this genetic aberration is weak, and the underlying mechanism is completely unknown. Using isogenic SF3B1 WT and mutant cell lines, normal human CD34 cells, and MDS patient cells, we define a previously unrecognized role of the kinase MAP3K7, encoded by a known mutant SF3B1-targeted transcript, in controlling proper terminal erythroid differentiation, and show how MAP3K7 missplicing leads to the anemia characteristic of SF3B1-mutated MDS, although not to ringed sideroblast formation. We found that p38 MAPK is deactivated in SF3B1 mutant isogenic and patient cells and that MAP3K7 is an upstream positive effector of p38 MAPK. We demonstrate that disruption of this MAP3K7-p38 MAPK pathway leads to premature down-regulation of GATA1, a master regulator of erythroid differentiation, and that this is sufficient to trigger accelerated differentiation, erythroid hyperplasia, and ultimately apoptosis. Our findings thus define the mechanism leading to the severe anemia found in MDS patients harboring SF3B1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen K Lieu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027;
- Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing, China
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Abdullah M Ali
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Xin Wei
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Alex Penson
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Azra Raza
- Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027;
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15
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Ellinghaus TL, Marcellino T, Srinivasan V, Lill R, Kühlbrandt W. Conformational changes in the yeast mitochondrial ABC transporter Atm1 during the transport cycle. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk2392. [PMID: 34936443 PMCID: PMC8694623 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial inner membrane ABC transporter Atm1 exports an unknown substrate to the cytosol for iron-sulfur protein biogenesis, cellular iron regulation, and tRNA thio-modification. Mutations in the human relative ABCB7 cause the iron storage disease XLSA/A. We determined 3D structures of two complementary states of Atm1 in lipid nanodiscs by electron cryo-microscopy at 2.9- to 3.4-Å resolution. The inward-open structure resembled the known crystal structure of nucleotide-free apo-Atm1 closely. The occluded conformation with bound AMP-PNP-Mg2+ showed a tight association of the two nucleotide-binding domains, a rearrangement of the C-terminal helices, and closure of the putative substrate-binding cavity in the homodimeric transporter. We identified a hydrophobic patch on the C-terminal helices of yeast Atm1, which is unique among type IV ABC transporters of known structure. Truncation mutants of yeast Atm1 suggest that the C-terminal helices stabilize the dimer, yet are not necessary for closure of the nucleotide-binding domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L. Ellinghaus
- Max-Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Marcellino
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vasundara Srinivasan
- SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, Build. 22a, c/o DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 14, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Corresponding author. (W.K.); (R.L.)
| | - Werner Kühlbrandt
- Max-Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Corresponding author. (W.K.); (R.L.)
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16
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Selvanathan A, Parayil Sankaran B. Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and neurological disorders. Mitochondrion 2021; 62:41-49. [PMID: 34687937 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs) are highly conserved moieties embedded into numerous crucial proteins in almost all bacteria, plants and mammals. As such, ISC biosynthesis is critical to cellular function. The pathway was first characterized in bacteria by the late 1990s, and over the subsequent 20 years there has been increasing understanding of its components in humans. Defects in the ISC pathway are now associated with many different human disease states, such as Friedreich ataxia and ISCU myopathy. Whilst the disorders have variable clinical features, most involve neurological phenotypes. There are common biochemical signatures in most of these conditions, as a lack of ISCs causes deficiencies of target proteins including Complex I, II and III, aconitase and lipoic acid. This review focuses on the disorders of ISC biogenesis that have been described in the literature to-date. Key clinical, biochemical and neuroradiological features will be discussed, providing a reference point for clinicians diagnosing and managing these patients. Therapies are mostly supportive at this stage. However, the improved understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions could pave the way for disease-modifying therapies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthavan Selvanathan
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Bindu Parayil Sankaran
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
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17
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Dietz JV, Fox JL, Khalimonchuk O. Down the Iron Path: Mitochondrial Iron Homeostasis and Beyond. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092198. [PMID: 34571846 PMCID: PMC8468894 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular iron homeostasis and mitochondrial iron homeostasis are interdependent. Mitochondria must import iron to form iron–sulfur clusters and heme, and to incorporate these cofactors along with iron ions into mitochondrial proteins that support essential functions, including cellular respiration. In turn, mitochondria supply the cell with heme and enable the biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear proteins containing iron–sulfur clusters. Impairment in cellular or mitochondrial iron homeostasis is deleterious and can result in numerous human diseases. Due to its reactivity, iron is stored and trafficked through the body, intracellularly, and within mitochondria via carefully orchestrated processes. Here, we focus on describing the processes of and components involved in mitochondrial iron trafficking and storage, as well as mitochondrial iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis and heme biosynthesis. Recent findings and the most pressing topics for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V. Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA;
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
- Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Pearson SA, Wachnowsky C, Cowan JA. Defining the mechanism of the mitochondrial Atm1p [2Fe-2S] cluster exporter. Metallomics 2021; 12:902-915. [PMID: 32337520 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur cluster proteins play key roles in a multitude of physiological processes; including gene expression, nitrogen and oxygen sensing, electron transfer, and DNA repair. Biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters occurs in mitochondria on iron-sulfur cluster scaffold proteins in the form of [2Fe-2S] cores that are then transferred to apo targets within metabolic or respiratory pathways. The mechanism by which cytosolic Fe-S cluster proteins mature to their holo forms remains controversial. The mitochondrial inner membrane protein Atm1p can transport glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters, which may connect the mitochondrial and cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly systems. Herein we describe experiments on the yeast Atm1p/ABCB7 exporter that provide additional support for a glutathione-complexed cluster as the natural physiological substrate and a reflection of the endosymbiotic model of mitochondrial evolution. These studies provide insight on the mechanism of cluster transport and the molecular basis of human disease conditions related to ABCB7. Recruitment of MgATP following cluster binding promotes a structural transition from closed to open conformations that is mediated by coupling helices, with MgATP hydrolysis facilitating the return to the closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Pearson
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210.
| | - Christine Wachnowsky
- The Ohio State University Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210
| | - J A Cowan
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210. and The Ohio State University Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210 and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210
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19
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Lill R. From the discovery to molecular understanding of cellular iron-sulfur protein biogenesis. Biol Chem 2021; 401:855-876. [PMID: 32229650 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein cofactors often are the business ends of proteins, and are either synthesized inside cells or are taken up from the nutrition. A cofactor that strictly needs to be synthesized by cells is the iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster. This evolutionary ancient compound performs numerous biochemical functions including electron transfer, catalysis, sulfur mobilization, regulation and protein stabilization. Since the discovery of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis two decades ago, more than 30 biogenesis factors have been identified in mitochondria and cytosol. They support the synthesis, trafficking and target-specific insertion of Fe/S clusters. In this review, I first summarize what led to the initial discovery of Fe/S protein biogenesis in yeast. I then discuss the function and localization of Fe/S proteins in (non-green) eukaryotes. The major part of the review provides a detailed synopsis of the three major steps of mitochondrial Fe/S protein biogenesis, i.e. the de novo synthesis of a [2Fe-2S] cluster on a scaffold protein, the Hsp70 chaperone-mediated transfer of the cluster and integration into [2Fe-2S] recipient apoproteins, and the reductive fusion of [2Fe-2S] to [4Fe-4S] clusters and their subsequent assembly into target apoproteins. Finally, I summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.,SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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20
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Khunweeraphong N, Kuchler K. Multidrug Resistance in Mammals and Fungi-From MDR to PDR: A Rocky Road from Atomic Structures to Transport Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4806. [PMID: 33946618 PMCID: PMC8124828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) can be a serious complication for the treatment of cancer as well as for microbial and parasitic infections. Dysregulated overexpression of several members of the ATP-binding cassette transporter families have been intimately linked to MDR phenomena. Three paradigm ABC transporter members, ABCB1 (P-gp), ABCC1 (MRP1) and ABCG2 (BCRP) appear to act as brothers in arms in promoting or causing MDR in a variety of therapeutic cancer settings. However, their molecular mechanisms of action, the basis for their broad and overlapping substrate selectivity, remains ill-posed. The rapidly increasing numbers of high-resolution atomic structures from X-ray crystallography or cryo-EM of mammalian ABC multidrug transporters initiated a new era towards a better understanding of structure-function relationships, and for the dynamics and mechanisms driving their transport cycles. In addition, the atomic structures offered new evolutionary perspectives in cases where transport systems have been structurally conserved from bacteria to humans, including the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) family in fungal pathogens for which high resolution structures are as yet unavailable. In this review, we will focus the discussion on comparative mechanisms of mammalian ABCG and fungal PDR transporters, owing to their close evolutionary relationships. In fact, the atomic structures of ABCG2 offer excellent models for a better understanding of fungal PDR transporters. Based on comparative structural models of ABCG transporters and fungal PDRs, we propose closely related or even conserved catalytic cycles, thus offering new therapeutic perspectives for preventing MDR in infectious disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;
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21
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Ceccatelli Berti C, di Punzio G, Dallabona C, Baruffini E, Goffrini P, Lodi T, Donnini C. The Power of Yeast in Modelling Human Nuclear Mutations Associated with Mitochondrial Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:300. [PMID: 33672627 PMCID: PMC7924180 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of next generation sequencing approaches to the analysis of human exome and whole genome data has enabled the identification of novel variants and new genes involved in mitochondrial diseases. The ability of surviving in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial genome makes the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae an excellent model system for investigating the role of these new variants in mitochondrial-related conditions and dissecting the molecular mechanisms associated with these diseases. The aim of this review was to highlight the main advantages offered by this model for the study of mitochondrial diseases, from the validation and characterisation of novel mutations to the dissection of the role played by genes in mitochondrial functionality and the discovery of potential therapeutic molecules. The review also provides a summary of the main contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial diseases emerged from the study of this simple eukaryotic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (C.C.B.); (G.d.P.); (C.D.); (E.B.); (P.G.); (T.L.)
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22
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Patel RA, Hall DA, Eichenseer S, Bailey M. Movement Disorders and Hematologic Diseases. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:193-207. [PMID: 33553488 PMCID: PMC7853188 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement disorders can be associated with or caused by hematological abnormalities. The objective of this review is to highlight features that will aid in the clinician's recognition and treatment of these disorders. METHODS MESH terms relevant to movement disorders and hematologic diseases were searched to identify conditions included in this narrative, educational review. RESULTS Several conditions were identified, and they were organized by hematologic categories to include red blood cell abnormalities, white blood cell abnormalities, disorders of clotting and bleeding, hematologic malignancies, and others. CONCLUSIONS This review will increase providers' understanding of disorders that include movement disorders and hematologic abnormalities. Basic hematologic laboratories can aid in assessment of these disorders, to include complete blood count/hemogram and peripheral blood smear. Recognition is key, especially in the setting of underlying malignancy, vitamin deficiency, or other disorder in which treatment is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Abee Patel
- Department of Neurological SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Deborah A. Hall
- Department of Neurological SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Sheila Eichenseer
- Department of NeurologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Meagan Bailey
- Department of Neurological SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
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23
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Xiong S, Jia Y, Li S, Huang P, Xiong J, Mao D, He Q, Liu L. The First Case Report of X-Linked Sideroblastic Anemia With Ataxia of Chinese Origin and Literature Review. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:692459. [PMID: 34354969 PMCID: PMC8329551 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.692459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked sideroblastic anemia with ataxia (XLSA/A) is a rare X-liked inherited disease, which was linked to the ABCB7 gene mutations. So far, five families have been reported worldwide. We present the first Chinese family of XLSA/A with novel ABCB7 gene mutation (c.2024A > G) and make a retrospective literature review. All affected patients were male. Age of symptom onset was <2 years old. The main symptoms included ataxia, delay in motor development, and mild sideroblastic anemia with obviously increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin. In this case, he had new symptoms that had not been reported in other cases such as epilepsy and cryptorchidism. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanism linking ABCB7 gene mutations to sideroblastic anemia and ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiu Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingnan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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24
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Pellagatti A, Boultwood J. SF3B1 mutant myelodysplastic syndrome: Recent advances. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 79:100776. [PMID: 33358369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are common myeloid malignancies. Mutations in genes encoding different components of the spliceosome occur in more than half of all MDS patients. SF3B1 is the most frequently mutated splicing factor gene in MDS, and there is a strong association between SF3B1 mutations and the presence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow of MDS patients. It has been recently proposed that SF3B1 mutant MDS should be recognized as a distinct nosologic entity. Splicing factor mutations cause aberrant pre-mRNA splicing of many target genes, some of which have been shown to impact on hematopoiesis in functional studies. Emerging data show that some of the downstream effects of different mutated splicing factors converge on common cellular processes, such as hyperactivation of NF-κB signaling and increased R-loops. The aberrantly spliced target genes and the dysregulated pathways and cellular processes associated with splicing factor mutations provided the rationale for new potential therapeutic approaches to target MDS cells with mutations of SF3B1 and other splicing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, And NIHR Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, And NIHR Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK.
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25
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Gyimesi G, Hediger MA. Sequence Features of Mitochondrial Transporter Protein Families. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1611. [PMID: 33260588 PMCID: PMC7761412 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers facilitate the transfer of small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) to support mitochondrial function and core cellular processes. In addition to the classical SLC25 (solute carrier family 25) mitochondrial carriers, the past decade has led to the discovery of additional protein families with numerous members that exhibit IMM localization and transporter-like properties. These include mitochondrial pyruvate carriers, sideroflexins, and mitochondrial cation/H+ exchangers. These transport proteins were linked to vital physiological functions and disease. Their structures and transport mechanisms are, however, still largely unknown and understudied. Protein sequence analysis per se can often pinpoint hotspots that are of functional or structural importance. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the sequence features of mitochondrial transporters with a special focus on the newly included SLC54, SLC55 and SLC56 families of the SLC solute carrier superfamily. Taking a step further, we combine sequence conservation analysis with transmembrane segment and secondary structure prediction methods to extract residue positions and sequence motifs that likely play a role in substrate binding, binding site gating or structural stability. We hope that our review will help guide future experimental efforts by the scientific community to unravel the transport mechanisms and structures of these novel mitochondrial carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Gyimesi
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, and Department of Biomedical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Kinderklinik, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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26
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Pearson SA, Cowan JA. Evolution of the human mitochondrial ABCB7 [2Fe-2S](GS) 4 cluster exporter and the molecular mechanism of an E433K disease-causing mutation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108661. [PMID: 33157103 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur cluster proteins play key roles in a multitude of cellular processes. Iron-sulfur cofactors are assembled primarily in mitochondria and are then exported to the cytosol by use of an ABCB7 transporter. It has been shown that the yeast mitochondrial transporter Atm1 can export glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters, [2Fe-2S](SG)4, providing a source of cluster units for cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly systems. This pathway is consistent with the endosymbiotic model of mitochondrial evolution where homologous bacterial heavy metal transporters, utilizing metal glutathione adducts, were adapted for use in eukaryotic mitochondria. Herein, the basis for endosymbiotic evolution of the human cluster export protein (ABCB7) is developed through a BLAST analysis of transporters from ancient proteobacteria. In addition, a functional comparison of native human protein, versus a disease-causing mutant, demonstrates a key role for residue E433 in promoting cluster transport. Dysfunction in mitochondrial export of Fe-S clusters is a likely cause of the disease condition X-linked sideroblastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Pearson
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12thAvenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - J A Cowan
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12thAvenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States. https://chemistry.osu.edu/people/cowan.2
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Bosseboeuf E, Raimondi C. Signalling, Metabolic Pathways and Iron Homeostasis in Endothelial Cells in Health, Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092055. [PMID: 32911833 PMCID: PMC7564205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells drive the formation of new blood vessels in physiological and pathological contexts such as embryonic development, wound healing, cancer and ocular diseases. Once formed, all vessels of the vasculature system present an endothelial monolayer (the endothelium), lining the luminal wall of the vessels, that regulates gas and nutrient exchange between the circulating blood and tissues, contributing to maintaining tissue and vascular homeostasis. To perform their functions, endothelial cells integrate signalling pathways promoted by growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix components and signals from mechanosensory complexes sensing the blood flow. New evidence shows that endothelial cells rely on specific metabolic pathways for distinct cellular functions and that the integration of signalling and metabolic pathways regulates endothelial-dependent processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of endothelial functions and the recent advances in understanding the role of endothelial signalling and metabolism in physiological processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis and vascular diseases. Also, we focus on the signalling pathways promoted by the transmembrane protein Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in endothelial cells, its recently discovered role in regulating mitochondrial function and iron homeostasis and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and iron in atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Daniel T, Faruq HM, Laura Magdalena J, Manuela G, Christopher Horst L. Role of GSH and Iron-Sulfur Glutaredoxins in Iron Metabolism-Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3860. [PMID: 32854270 PMCID: PMC7503856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) was initially identified and characterized for its redox properties and later for its contributions to detoxification reactions. Over the past decade, however, the essential contributions of glutathione to cellular iron metabolism have come more and more into focus. GSH is indispensable in mitochondrial iron-sulfur (FeS) cluster biosynthesis, primarily by co-ligating FeS clusters as a cofactor of the CGFS-type (class II) glutaredoxins (Grxs). GSH is required for the export of the yet to be defined FeS precursor from the mitochondria to the cytosol. In the cytosol, it is an essential cofactor, again of the multi-domain CGFS-type Grxs, master players in cellular iron and FeS trafficking. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and progress in this field. The most urgent open questions are discussed, such as the role of GSH in the export of FeS precursors from mitochondria, the physiological roles of the CGFS-type Grx interactions with BolA-like proteins and the cluster transfer between Grxs and recipient proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trnka Daniel
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Hossain Md Faruq
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Jordt Laura Magdalena
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Gellert Manuela
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Lillig Christopher Horst
- Christopher Horst Lillig, Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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29
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Chiabrando D, Bertino F, Tolosano E. Hereditary Ataxia: A Focus on Heme Metabolism and Fe-S Cluster Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113760. [PMID: 32466579 PMCID: PMC7312568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme and Fe-S clusters regulate a plethora of essential biological processes ranging from cellular respiration and cell metabolism to the maintenance of genome integrity. Mutations in genes involved in heme metabolism and Fe-S cluster biogenesis cause different forms of ataxia, like posterior column ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (PCARP), Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) and X-linked sideroblastic anemia with ataxia (XLSA/A). Despite great efforts in the elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of these disorders several important questions still remain to be addressed. Starting with an overview of the biology of heme metabolism and Fe-S cluster biogenesis, the review discusses recent progress in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PCARP, FRDA and XLSA/A, and highlights future line of research in the field. A better comprehension of the mechanisms leading to the degeneration of neural circuity responsible for balance and coordinated movement will be crucial for the therapeutic management of these patients.
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Daher R, Mansouri A, Martelli A, Bayart S, Manceau H, Callebaut I, Moulouel B, Gouya L, Puy H, Kannengiesser C, Karim Z. GLRX5 mutations impair heme biosynthetic enzymes ALA synthase 2 and ferrochelatase in Human congenital sideroblastic anemia. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:342-351. [PMID: 30660387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-syndromic microcytic congenital sideroblastic anemia (cSA) is predominantly caused by defective genes encoding for either ALAS2, the first enzyme of heme biosynthesis pathway or SLC25A38, the mitochondrial importer of glycine, an ALAS2 substrate. Herein we explored a new case of cSA with two mutations in GLRX5, a gene for which only two patients have been reported so far. The patient was a young female with biallelic compound heterozygous mutations in GLRX5 (p.Cys67Tyr and p.Met128Lys). Three-D structure analysis confirmed the involvement of Cys67 in the coordination of the [2Fe2S] cluster and suggested a potential role of Met128 in partner interactions. The protein-level of ferrochelatase, the terminal-enzyme of heme process, was increased both in patient-derived lymphoblastoid and CD34+ cells, however, its activity was drastically decreased. The activity of ALAS2 was found altered and possibly related to a defect in the biogenesis of its co-substrate, the succinyl-CoA. Thus, the patient exhibits both a very low ferrochelatase activity without any accumulation of porphyrins precursors in contrast to what is reported in erythropoietic protoporphyria with solely impaired ferrochelatase activity. A significant oxidative stress was evidenced by decreased reduced glutathione and aconitase activity, and increased MnSOD protein expression. This oxidative stress depleted and damaged mtDNA, decreased complex I and IV activities and depleted ATP content. Collectively, our study demonstrates the key role of GLRX5 in modulating ALAS2 and ferrochelatase activities and in maintaining mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raêd Daher
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris cité, DHU UNITY, Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries (CFP), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France; AP-HP, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Bichât, Paris, France
| | - Abdellah Mansouri
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris cité, DHU UNITY, Paris, France
| | - Alain Martelli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Illkirch, France
| | - Sophie Bayart
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Hôpital Sud, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Hana Manceau
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris cité, DHU UNITY, Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- CNRS UMR7590, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6-MNHN-IRD-IUC, Paris, France
| | - Boualem Moulouel
- AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries (CFP), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris cité, DHU UNITY, Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries (CFP), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Hervé Puy
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris cité, DHU UNITY, Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries (CFP), Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France.
| | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris cité, DHU UNITY, Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; AP-HP, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Bichât, Paris, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation (CRI), Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris cité, DHU UNITY, Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
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31
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Piel RB, Dailey HA, Medlock AE. The mitochondrial heme metabolon: Insights into the complex(ity) of heme synthesis and distribution. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:198-203. [PMID: 30709775 PMCID: PMC6640082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Heme is an essential cofactor in metazoans that is also toxic in its free state. Heme is synthesized by most metazoans and must be delivered to all cellular compartments for incorporation into a variety of hemoproteins. The heme biosynthesis enzymes have been proposed to exist in a metabolon, a protein complex consisting of interacting enzymes in a metabolic pathway. Metabolons enhance the function of enzymatic pathways by creating favorable microenvironments for pathway enzymes and intermediates, facilitating substrate transport, and providing a scaffold for interactions with other pathways, signaling molecules, or organelles. Herein we detail growing evidence for a mitochondrial heme metabolon and discuss its implications for the study of heme biosynthesis and cellular heme homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Piel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Harry A Dailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
| | - Amy E Medlock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Augusta University-University of Georgia, Medical Partnership, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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32
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Wang Z, Ma T, Huang Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Kistler HC, Ma Z, Yin Y. A fungal ABC transporter FgAtm1 regulates iron homeostasis via the transcription factor cascade FgAreA-HapX. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007791. [PMID: 31545842 PMCID: PMC6788720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is important for growth, reproduction and other metabolic processes in all eukaryotes. However, the functions of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in iron homeostasis are largely unknown. Here, we found that one ABC transporter (named FgAtm1) is involved in regulating iron homeostasis, by screening sensitivity to iron stress for 60 ABC transporter mutants of Fusarium graminearum, a devastating fungal pathogen of small grain cereal crops worldwide. The lack of FgAtm1 reduces the activity of cytosolic Fe-S proteins nitrite reductase and xanthine dehydrogenase, which causes high expression of FgHapX via activating transcription factor FgAreA. FgHapX represses transcription of genes for iron-consuming proteins directly but activates genes for iron acquisition proteins by suppressing another iron regulator FgSreA. In addition, the transcriptional activity of FgHapX is regulated by the monothiol glutaredoxin FgGrx4. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of FgHapX, mediated by the Ser/Thr kinase FgYak1, is required for its functions in iron homeostasis. Taken together, this study uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism of iron homeostasis mediated by an ABC transporter in an important pathogenic fungus. Essential element iron plays important roles in many cellular processes in all organisms. The function of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter Atm1 in iron homeostasis has been characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our study found that FgAtm1 regulates iron homeostasis via the transcription factor cascade FgAreA-HapX in F. graminearum and the function of FgHapX is dependent on its interaction with FgGrx4 and phosphorylation by the Ser/Thr kinase FgYak1. This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of iron homeostasis in an important plant pathogenic fungus, and advances our understanding in iron homeostasis and functions of ABC transporters in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - H. Corby Kistler
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZM); (YY)
| | - Yanni Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZM); (YY)
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Fouquet C, Le Rouzic M, Leblanc T, Fouyssac F, Leverger G, Hessissen L, Marlin S, Bourrat E, Fahd M, Raffoux E, Vannier J, Jäkel N, Knoefler R, Triolo V, Pasquet M, Bayart S, Thuret I, Lutz P, Vermylen C, Touati M, Rose C, Matthes T, Isidor B, Kannengiesser C, Ducassou S. Genotype/phenotype correlations of childhood‐onset congenital sideroblastic anaemia in a European cohort. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:530-542. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guy Leverger
- CHU de Paris Hôpital Armand Trousseau Paris France
| | | | | | | | - Mony Fahd
- CHU de Paris Hôpital Robert Debré Paris France
| | | | | | - Nadja Jäkel
- Department für Hämatologie Onkologie und Hämostaseologie Leipzig Germany
| | - Ralf Knoefler
- Department of Pediatric Haemostaseology University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Lutz
- CHU de Strasbourg Hôpital de Hautepierre Strasbourg France
| | - Christiane Vermylen
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques universitaires Saint‐Luc Brussels Belgium
| | | | | | - Thomas Matthes
- Geneva University Hospital, Hematology Service Geneva Switzerland
| | | | - Caroline Kannengiesser
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique Hôpital Bichat, Université Paris VII Paris France
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Pandey AK, Pain J, Dancis A, Pain D. Mitochondria export iron-sulfur and sulfur intermediates to the cytoplasm for iron-sulfur cluster assembly and tRNA thiolation in yeast. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9489-9502. [PMID: 31040179 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are essential cofactors of proteins. In eukaryotes, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis requires a mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster machinery (ISC) and a cytoplasmic iron-sulfur protein assembly machinery (CIA). Here we used mitochondria and cytoplasm isolated from yeast cells, and [35S]cysteine to detect cytoplasmic Fe-35S cluster assembly on a purified apoprotein substrate. We showed that mitochondria generate an intermediate, called (Fe-S)int, needed for cytoplasmic iron-sulfur cluster assembly. The mitochondrial biosynthesis of (Fe-S)int required ISC components such as Nfs1 cysteine desulfurase, Isu1/2 scaffold, and Ssq1 chaperone. Mitochondria then exported (Fe-S)int via the Atm1 transporter in the inner membrane, and we detected (Fe-S)int in active form. When (Fe-S)int was added to cytoplasm, CIA utilized it for iron-sulfur cluster assembly without any further help from the mitochondria. We found that both iron and sulfur for cytoplasmic iron-sulfur cluster assembly originate from the mitochondria, revealing a surprising and novel mitochondrial role. Mitochondrial (Fe-S)int export was most efficient in the presence of cytoplasm containing an apoprotein substrate, suggesting that mitochondria respond to the cytoplasmic demand for iron-sulfur cluster synthesis. Of note, the (Fe-S)int is distinct from the sulfur intermediate called Sint, which is also made and exported by mitochondria but is instead used for cytoplasmic tRNA thiolation. In summary, our findings establish a direct and vital role of mitochondria in cytoplasmic iron-sulfur cluster assembly in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh K Pandey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103 and
| | - Jayashree Pain
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103 and
| | - Andrew Dancis
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Debkumar Pain
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07103 and
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35
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Guzova JA, Primiano MJ, Jiao A, Stock J, Lee C, Winkler AR, Hall JP. Optimized protocols for studying the NLRP3 inflammasome and assessment of potential targets of CP-453,773 in undifferentiated THP1 cells. J Immunol Methods 2019; 467:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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36
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Abstract
Iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is a major cause of death in patients with diseases associated with chronic anemia such as thalassemia or sickle cell disease after chronic blood transfusions. Associated with iron overload conditions, there is excess free iron that enters cardiomyocytes through both L- and T-type calcium channels thereby resulting in increased reactive oxygen species being generated via Haber-Weiss and Fenton reactions. It is thought that an increase in reactive oxygen species contributes to high morbidity and mortality rates. Recent studies have, however, suggested that it is iron overload in mitochondria that contributes to cellular oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, cardiac arrhythmias, as well as the development of cardiomyopathy. Iron chelators, antioxidants, and/or calcium channel blockers have been demonstrated to prevent and ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in animal models as well as in patients suffering from cardiac iron overload. Hence, either a mono-therapy or combination therapies with any of the aforementioned agents may serve as a novel treatment in iron-overload patients in the near future. In the present article, we review the mechanisms of cytosolic and/or mitochondrial iron load in the heart which may contribute synergistically or independently to the development of iron-associated cardiomyopathy. We also review available as well as potential future novel treatments.
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Riedel S, Siemiatkowska B, Watanabe M, Müller CS, Schünemann V, Hoefgen R, Leimkühler S. The ABCB7-Like Transporter PexA in Rhodobacter capsulatus Is Involved in the Translocation of Reactive Sulfur Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:406. [PMID: 30918498 PMCID: PMC6424863 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCB7 in humans, Atm1 in yeast and ATM3 in plants, are highly conserved in their overall architecture and particularly in their glutathione binding pocket located within the transmembrane spanning domains. These transporters have attracted interest in the last two decades based on their proposed role in connecting the mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly with its cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly (CIA) counterpart. So far, the specific compound that is transported across the membrane remains unknown. In this report we characterized the ABCB7-like transporter Rcc02305 in Rhodobacter capsulatus, which shares 47% amino acid sequence identity with its mitochondrial counterpart. The constructed interposon mutant strain in R. capsulatus displayed increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species without a simultaneous accumulation of the cellular iron levels. The inhibition of endogenous glutathione biosynthesis resulted in an increase of total glutathione levels in the mutant strain. Bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid sequence motifs revealed a potential aminotransferase class-V pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) binding site that overlaps with the Walker A motif within the nucleotide binding domains of the transporter. PLP is a well characterized cofactor of L-cysteine desulfurases like IscS and NFS1 which has a role in the formation of a protein-bound persulfide group within these proteins. We therefore suggest renaming the ABCB7-like transporter Rcc02305 in R. capsulatus to PexA for PLP binding exporter. We further suggest that this ABC-transporter in R. capsulatus is involved in the formation and export of polysulfide species to the periplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Riedel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Beata Siemiatkowska
- Department of Organelle Biology, Biotechnology and Molecular Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christina S Müller
- Biophysics and Medical Physics Group, Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Biophysics and Medical Physics Group, Department of Physics, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Fujiwara T, Harigae H. Molecular pathophysiology and genetic mutations in congenital sideroblastic anemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:179-185. [PMID: 30098397 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sideroblastic anemia is a heterogeneous congenital and acquired disorder characterized by anemia and the presence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. Congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA) is a rare disease caused by mutations in genes involved in the heme biosynthesis, iron-sulfur [Fe-S] cluster biosynthesis, and mitochondrial protein synthesis. The most prevalent form of CSA is X-linked sideroblastic anemia, caused by mutations in the erythroid-specific δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS2), which is the first enzyme of the heme biosynthesis pathway in erythroid cells. To date, a remarkable number of genetically undefined CSA cases remain, but a recent application of the next-generation sequencing technology has recognized novel causative genes for CSA. However, in most instances, the detailed molecular mechanisms of how defects of each gene result in the abnormal mitochondrial iron accumulation remain unclear. This review aims to cover the current understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideo Harigae
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Ducamp S, Fleming MD. The molecular genetics of sideroblastic anemia. Blood 2019; 133:59-69. [PMID: 30401706 PMCID: PMC6318428 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-815951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The sideroblastic anemias (SAs) are a group of inherited and acquired bone marrow disorders defined by pathological iron accumulation in the mitochondria of erythroid precursors. Like most hematological diseases, the molecular genetic basis of the SAs has ridden the wave of technology advancement. Within the last 30 years, with the advent of positional cloning, the human genome project, solid-state genotyping technologies, and next-generation sequencing have evolved to the point where more than two-thirds of congenital SA cases, and an even greater proportion of cases of acquired clonal disease, can be attributed to mutations in a specific gene or genes. This review focuses on an analysis of the genetics of these diseases and how understanding these defects may contribute to the design and implementation of rational therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ducamp
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Mon EE, Wei FY, Ahmad RNR, Yamamoto T, Moroishi T, Tomizawa K. Regulation of mitochondrial iron homeostasis by sideroflexin 2. J Physiol Sci 2018; 69:359-373. [PMID: 30570704 PMCID: PMC6373408 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial iron is indispensable for heme biosynthesis and iron–sulfur cluster assembly. Several mitochondrial transmembrane proteins have been implicated to function in the biosynthesis of heme and iron–sulfur clusters by transporting reaction intermediates. However, several mitochondrial proteins related to iron metabolism remain uncharacterized. Here, we show that human sideroflexin 2 (SFXN2), a member of the SFXN protein family, is involved in mitochondrial iron metabolism. SFXN2 is an evolutionarily conserved protein that localized to mitochondria via its transmembrane domain. SFXN2-knockout (KO) cells had an increased mitochondrial iron content, which was associated with decreases in the heme content and heme-dependent enzyme activities. By contrast, the activities of iron–sulfur cluster-dependent enzymes were unchanged in SFXN2-KO cells. Moreover, abnormal iron metabolism impaired mitochondrial respiration in SFXN2-KO cells and accelerated iron-mediated death of these cells. Our findings demonstrate that SFXN2 functions in mitochondrial iron metabolism by regulating heme biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Ei Mon
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fan-Yan Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Raja Norazireen Raja Ahmad
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are an iconic distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria encompass an active organellar network that fuses, divides, and directs a myriad of vital biological functions, including energy metabolism, cell death regulation, and innate immune signaling in different tissues. Another crucial and often underappreciated function of these dynamic organelles is their central role in the metabolism of the most abundant and biologically versatile transition metals in mammalian cells, iron. In recent years, cellular and animal models of mitochondrial iron dysfunction have provided vital information in identifying new proteins that have elucidated the pathways involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and iron metabolism. Specific signatures of mitochondrial iron dysregulation that are associated with disease pathogenesis and/or progression are becoming increasingly important. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial iron pathways will help better define the role of this important metal in mitochondrial function and in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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Congenital sideroblastic anemia: Advances in gene mutations and pathophysiology. Gene 2018; 668:182-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Brissot P, Bernard DG, Brissot E, Loréal O, Troadec MB. Rare anemias due to genetic iron metabolism defects. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 777:52-63. [PMID: 30115430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Anemia is defined by a deficiency of hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that binds oxygen in the blood. It can be due to multiple causes, either acquired or genetic. Alterations of genes involved in iron metabolism may be responsible, usually at a young age, for rare forms of chronic and often severe congenital anemia. These diseases encompass a variety of sideroblastic anemias, characterized by the presence of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. Clinical expression of congenital sideroblastic anemia is either monosyndromic (restricted to hematological lineages) or polysyndromic (with systemic expression), depending on whether iron metabolism, and especially heme synthesis, is directly or indirectly affected. Beside sideroblastic anemias, a number of other anemias can develop due to mutations of key proteins acting either on cellular iron transport (such as the DMT1 transporter), plasma iron transport (transferrin), and iron recycling (ceruloplasmin). Contrasting with the aforementioned entities which involve compartmental, and sometimes, systemic iron excess, the iron refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) corresponds to a usually severe anemia with whole body iron deficiency related to chronic increase of plasma hepcidin, the systemic negative regulator of plasma iron. Once clinically suggested, these diseases are confirmed by genetic testing in specialized laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Brissot
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Delphine G Bernard
- UMR 1078 "Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biotechnologies", INSERM, Univ. Brest, EFS, IBSAM, Brest, France
| | - Eolia Brissot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, AP-HP, Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR-S938, Paris, France; Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Bérengère Troadec
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F- 35000 Rennes, France.
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Pandey A, Pain J, Dziuba N, Pandey AK, Dancis A, Lindahl PA, Pain D. Mitochondria Export Sulfur Species Required for Cytosolic tRNA Thiolation. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:738-748.e3. [PMID: 29706592 PMCID: PMC6014917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, mitochondria have been hypothesized to generate sulfur species required for tRNA thiolation in the cytosol, although no direct evidence thus far exists. Here we have detected these sulfur species, making use of our observation that isolated yeast cytosol alone is unable to thiolate tRNAs but can do so upon addition of mitochondria. Mitochondria were found to utilize the cysteine desulfurase Nfs1 to produce sulfur-containing species with masses ranging from 700 to 1,100 Da. Mitochondria exported these species via the Atm1 transporter in the inner membrane. Once exported to the cytosol, these sulfur species promoted cytosolic tRNA thiolation with no further requirement of mitochondria. Furthermore, we found that the Isu1/2 scaffolds but not the Ssq1 chaperone of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster machinery were required for cytosolic tRNA thiolation, and thus the sulfur utilization pathway bifurcates at the Isu1/2 site for intra-organellar use in mitochondria or export to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jayashree Pain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Nathaniel Dziuba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Andrew Dancis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul A Lindahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Debkumar Pain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Kafina MD, Paw BH. Intracellular iron and heme trafficking and metabolism in developing erythroblasts. Metallomics 2018; 9:1193-1203. [PMID: 28795723 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate red blood cells (RBCs) arise from erythroblasts in the human bone marrow through a process known as erythropoiesis. Iron uptake is a crucial hallmark, essential for heme biosynthesis in the differentiating erythroblasts, which are dedicated to producing hemoglobin. Erythropoiesis is facilitated by a network of intracellular transport proteins, chaperones, and circulating hormones. Intracellular iron is targeted to the mitochondria for incorporation into a porphyrin ring to form heme and cytosolic iron-sulfur proteins, including Iron Regulatory Protein 1 (IRP1). These processes are tightly regulated to prevent both excess and insufficient levels of iron and heme precursors. Crosstalk between the heme and iron-sulfur synthesizing pathways has been demonstrated to serve as a regulatory feedback mechanism. The activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of heme biosynthesis, is a fundamental node of this regulation. Recently, the mitochondrial unfoldase, ClpX, has received attention as a novel key player that modulates this step in heme biogenesis, implicating a role in the pathophysiology of anemic diseases. This chapter reviews the canonical pathways in intracellular iron and heme trafficking and recent findings of iron and heme metabolism in vertebrate red cells. A discussion of the molecular approaches to studying iron and heme transport is provided to highlight opportunities for revealing therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Kafina
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Division, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Clinical and genetic aspects of defects in the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster synthesis pathway. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:495-506. [PMID: 29623423 PMCID: PMC6006192 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are evolutionarily conserved biological structures which play an important role as cofactor for multiple enzymes in eukaryotic cells. The biosynthesis pathways of the iron-sulfur clusters are located in the mitochondria and in the cytosol. The mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis pathway (ISC) can be divided into at least twenty enzymatic steps. Since the description of frataxin deficiency as the cause of Friedreich's ataxia, multiple other deficiencies in ISC biosynthesis pathway have been reported. In this paper, an overview is given of the clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects reported in humans affected by a defect in iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis.
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Abstract
X-linked cerebellar ataxias (XLCA) are an expanding group of genetically heterogeneous and clinically variable conditions characterized by cerebellar dysgenesis (hypoplasia, atrophy, or dysplasia) caused by gene mutations or genomic imbalances on the X chromosome. The neurologic features of XLCA include hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, ataxia, and other cerebellar signs. Normal cognitive development has also been reported. Cerebellar defects may be isolated or associated with other brain malformations or extraneurologic involvement. More than 20 genes on the X chromosome, mainly encoding for proteins involved in brain development and synaptic function that have been constantly or occasionally associated with a pathologic cerebellar phenotype, and several families with X-linked inheritance have been reported. Given the excess of males with ataxia, this group of conditions is probably underestimated and families of patients with neuroradiologic and clinical evidence of a cerebellar disorder should be counseled for high risk of X-linked inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesu' Children's Research Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Mosbach A, Edel D, Farmer AD, Widdison S, Barchietto T, Dietrich RA, Corran A, Scalliet G. Anilinopyrimidine Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Is Linked to Mitochondrial Function. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2361. [PMID: 29250050 PMCID: PMC5714876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop protection anilinopyrimidine (AP) fungicides were introduced more than 20 years ago for the control of a range of diseases caused by ascomycete plant pathogens, and in particular for the control of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. Although early mode of action studies suggested an inhibition of methionine biosynthesis, the molecular target of this class of fungicides was never fully clarified. Despite AP-specific resistance having been described in B. cinerea field isolates and in multiple other targeted species, the underlying resistance mechanisms were unknown. It was therefore expected that the genetic characterization of resistance mechanisms would permit the identification of the molecular target of these fungicides. In order to explore the widest range of possible resistance mechanisms, AP-resistant B. cinerea UV laboratory mutants were generated and the mutations conferring resistance were determined by combining whole-genome sequencing and reverse genetics. Genetic mapping from a cross between a resistant field isolate and a sensitive reference isolate was used in parallel and led to the identification of an additional molecular determinant not found from the characterized UV mutant collection. Together, these two approaches enabled the characterization of an unrivaled diversity of resistance mechanisms. In total, we report the elucidation of resistance-conferring mutations within nine individual genes, two of which are responsible for almost all instances of AP resistance in the field. All identified resistance-conferring genes encode proteins that are involved in mitochondrial processes, suggesting that APs primarily target the mitochondria. The functions of these genes and their possible interactions are discussed in the context of the potential mode of action for this important class of fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew D. Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM, United States
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie Widdison
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andy Corran
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
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Iron metabolism in erythroid cells and patients with congenital sideroblastic anemia. Int J Hematol 2017; 107:44-54. [PMID: 29139060 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sideroblastic anemias are anemic disorders characterized by the presence of ring sideroblasts in a patient's bone marrow. These disorders are typically divided into two types, congenital or acquired sideroblastic anemia. Recently, several genes were reported as responsible for congenital sideroblastic anemia; however, the relationship between the function of the gene products and ring sideroblasts is largely unclear. In this review article, we will focus on the iron metabolism in erythroid cells as well as in patients with congenital sideroblastic anemia.
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