1
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Ng CS. From the midfacial destructive drama to the unfolding EBV story: a short history of EBV-positive NK-cell and T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. Pathology 2024; 56:773-785. [PMID: 39127542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus that has been related to oncogenesis of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. Although the mechanism of EBV infection of NK and T cells remains enigmatic, it plays a pathogenic role in various EBV+ NK-cell and T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs), through promotion of cell activation pathways, inhibition of cell apoptotic pathways, behaving as oncogenes, interacting with host oncogenes or acting epigenetically. The study of NK-cell LPDs, previously hampered by the lack of immunophenotypical and genotypical criteria of NK cells, has become feasible with the recently accepted criteria. EBV+ NK- and T-cell LPDs are mostly of poor prognosis. This review delivers a short history from primeval to recent EBV+ NK- and T-cell LPDs in non-immunocompromised subjects, coupled with increasing interest, and work on the biological and oncogenic roles of EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Sing Ng
- Department of Pathology, Caritas Medical Center, Shamshuipo, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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2
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Diepstraten ST, Yuan Y, La Marca JE, Young S, Chang C, Whelan L, Ross AM, Fischer KC, Pomilio G, Morris R, Georgiou A, Litalien V, Brown FC, Roberts AW, Strasser A, Wei AH, Kelly GL. Putting the STING back into BH3-mimetic drugs for TP53-mutant blood cancers. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:850-868.e9. [PMID: 38670091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
TP53-mutant blood cancers remain a clinical challenge. BH3-mimetic drugs inhibit BCL-2 pro-survival proteins, inducing cancer cell apoptosis. Despite acting downstream of p53, functional p53 is required for maximal cancer cell killing by BH3-mimetics through an unknown mechanism. Here, we report p53 is activated following BH3-mimetic induced mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, leading to BH3-only protein induction and thereby potentiating the pro-apoptotic signal. TP53-deficient lymphomas lack this feedforward loop, providing opportunities for survival and disease relapse after BH3-mimetic treatment. The therapeutic barrier imposed by defects in TP53 can be overcome by direct activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, which promotes apoptosis of blood cancer cells through p53-independent BH3-only protein upregulation. Combining clinically relevant STING agonists with BH3-mimetic drugs efficiently kills TRP53/TP53-mutant mouse B lymphoma, human NK/T lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia cells. This represents a promising therapy regime that can be fast-tracked to tackle TP53-mutant blood cancers in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Diepstraten
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Yin Yuan
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - John E La Marca
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Genome Engineering and Cancer Modelling Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Savannah Young
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Catherine Chang
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren Whelan
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Aisling M Ross
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Medicine, Bernal Institute, Limerick Digital Cancer Research Centre & Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Karla C Fischer
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Giovanna Pomilio
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Morris
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Angela Georgiou
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Veronique Litalien
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Fiona C Brown
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew W Roberts
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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3
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Sato S, Ishii M, Tachibana K, Furukawa Y, Toyota T, Kinoshita S, Azusawa Y, Ando J, Ando M. Establishment of ganglioside GD2-expressing extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma cell line with scRNA-seq analysis. Exp Hematol 2024; 130:104132. [PMID: 38029851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), is characterized by Epstein-Barr virus infection and poor prognosis. We established a novel cell line, ENKL-J1, from bone marrow cells of an ENKL patient. We found that ENKL-J1 cells express the ganglioside GD2 (GD2) and that GD2-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells exhibit cytotoxicity against ENKL-J1 cells, indicating that GD2 would be a suitable target of GD2-expressing ENKL cells. Targeted next-generation sequencing revealed TP53 and TET2 variants in ENKL-J1 cells. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing in ENKL-J1 cells showed high gene-expression levels in the oncogenic signaling pathways JAK-STAT, NF-κB, and MAPK. Genes related to multidrug resistance (ABCC1), tumor suppression (ATG5, CRYBG1, FOXO3, TP53, MGA), anti-apoptosis (BCL2, BCL2L1), immune checkpoints (CD274, CD47), and epigenetic regulation (DDX3X, EZH2, HDAC2/3) also were expressed at high levels. The molecular targeting agents eprenetapopt, tazemetostat, and vorinostat efficiently induced apoptosis in ENKL-J1 cells in vitro. Furthermore, GD2-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells showed cytotoxicity against ENKL-J1 cells in vivo. These findings not only contribute to understanding the molecular and genomic characteristics of ENKL; they also suggest new treatment options for patients with advanced or relapsed ENKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Sato
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Ishii
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Tachibana
- Division of Cell Therapy & Blood Transfusion Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Furukawa
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuko Toyota
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinoshita
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Azusawa
- Division of Cell Therapy & Blood Transfusion Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cell Therapy & Blood Transfusion Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Kanno H, Osada T, Tateishi A. Establishment of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Latent Gene-Expressing T-Cell Lines with an Expression Vector Harboring EBV Nuclear Antigen 1. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2624. [PMID: 38004636 PMCID: PMC10673024 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV) is characterized by chronic or recurrent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms and is associated with EBV-associated T/natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, which frequently lead to the development of life-threatening complications, such as virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome and EBV-positive apparent leukemia/lymphoma mainly in T- and NK-cell lineages. In order to clarify the EBV genes responsible for the diseases, we introduced the plasmid coding sequences of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and/or latent membrane protein (LMP) 1 into human T-lymphocyte virus-I-negative human T-cell lines using a gene expression vector harboring EBV nuclear antigen 1, established the G418-resistant transformants of five T-cell lines, and quantitatively examined the expression of EBERs and LMP1 using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of EBERs in T-cell transformants with EBER DNA paralleled those in EBV-positive human T- and NK-cell lines, SNTK cells. The expression of LMP1 mRNA varied in SNTK cells and in human T-cell transformants, and the expression of LMP1 mRNA in T-cell lines expressing both EBERs and LMP1 was much lower than that in the same cell line expressing LMP1 mRNA alone. The currently employed gene expression system and currently obtained transformants may be useful for the analyses of the pathophysiology of CAEBV and EBV-positive T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanno
- Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; (T.O.)
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5
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Liu C, Ding X, Li G, Zhang Y, Shao Y, Liu L, Zhang W, Ma Y, Guan W, Wang L, Xu Z, Chang Y, Zhang Y, Jiang B, Yin Q, Tao R. Targeting Bcl-xL is a potential therapeutic strategy for extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma. iScience 2023; 26:107369. [PMID: 37539026 PMCID: PMC10393801 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) is an aggressive lymphoid malignancy with a poor prognosis and lacks standard treatment. Targeted therapies are urgently needed. Here we systematically investigated the druggable mechanisms through chemogenomic screening and identified that Bcl-xL-specific BH3 mimetics effectively induced ENKTL cell apoptosis. Notably, the specific accumulation of Bcl-xL, but not other Bcl-2 family members, was verified in ENKTL cell lines and patient tissues. Furthermore, Bcl-xL high expression was shown to be closely associated with worse patient survival. The critical role of Bcl-xL in ENKTL cell survival was demonstrated utilizing selective inhibitors, genetic silencing, and a specific degrader. Additionally, the IL2-JAK1/3-STAT5 signaling was implicated in Bcl-xL dysregulation. In vivo, Bcl-xL inhibition reduced tumor burden, increased apoptosis, and prolonged survival in ENKTL cell line xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models. Our study indicates Bcl-xL as a promising therapeutic target for ENKTL, warranting monitoring in ongoing clinical trials by targeting Bcl-xL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxu Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyu Ding
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gaoyang Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yubao Shao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Linyi Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenbin Guan
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhongli Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - YungTing Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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6
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Yap DRY, Lim JQ, Huang D, Ong CK, Chan JY. Emerging predictive biomarkers for novel therapeutics in peripheral T-cell and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1068662. [PMID: 36776886 PMCID: PMC9909478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1068662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) are rare subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that are typically associated with poor treatment outcomes. Contemporary first-line treatment strategies generally involve the use of combination chemoimmunotherapy, radiation and/or stem cell transplant. Salvage options incorporate a number of novel agents including epigenetic therapies (e.g. HDAC inhibitors, DNMT inhibitors) as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, validated biomarkers to select patients for individualized precision therapy are presently lacking, resulting in high treatment failure rates, unnecessary exposure to drug toxicities, and missed treatment opportunities. Recent advances in research on the tumor and microenvironmental factors of PTCL and NKTCL, including alterations in specific molecular features and immune signatures, have improved our understanding of these diseases, though several issues continue to impede progress in clinical translation. In this Review, we summarize the progress and development of the current predictive biomarker landscape, highlight potential knowledge gaps, and discuss the implications on novel therapeutics development in PTCL and NKTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ren Yi Yap
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Quan Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dachuan Huang
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Kobayashi E, Ozawa T, Hamana H, Muraguchi A, Kishi H. Gene modified NK cell line as a powerful tool for evaluation of cloned TCRs for TCR-T cell therapy. Cell Immunol 2023; 383:104656. [PMID: 36521300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy is anticipated as a next generation-immunotherapy for cancer and recent advances of TCR isolation technology have enabled patient's T cells to express TCRs recognizing multiple combinations of specific peptides and human leukocyte antigens (HLA). However, evaluation processes for the TCR-induced cytotoxicity activity using primary T cells are laborious and time-consuming. In this study, we established a cell line that do not express endogenous TCRs, enabling to generate large numbers of homogeneous cells, and can measure the cytotoxic activity of the isolated TCRs. To this end, we transduced a Natural Killer (NK) cell line with human CD3 molecules and interleukin (IL)-2. The TCR expressing NK cells killed target cells as similarly to TCR-transduced primary T cells and secreted various cytokines/chemokines including IL-2. Thus, the gene-modified NK cell can be a powerful tool to rapidly and efficiently evaluate the functions of isolated TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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8
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Lamers-Kok N, Panella D, Georgoudaki AM, Liu H, Özkazanc D, Kučerová L, Duru AD, Spanholtz J, Raimo M. Natural killer cells in clinical development as non-engineered, engineered, and combination therapies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:164. [DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are unique immune effectors able to kill cancer cells by direct recognition of surface ligands, without prior sensitization. Allogeneic NK transfer is a highly valuable treatment option for cancer and has recently emerged with hundreds of clinical trials paving the way to finally achieve market authorization. Advantages of NK cell therapies include the use of allogenic cell sources, off-the-shelf availability, and no risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Allogeneic NK cell therapies have reached the clinical stage as ex vivo expanded and differentiated non-engineered cells, as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered or CD16-engineered products, or as combination therapies with antibodies, priming agents, and other drugs. This review summarizes the recent clinical status of allogeneic NK cell-based therapies for the treatment of hematological and solid tumors, discussing the main characteristics of the different cell sources used for NK product development, their use in cell manufacturing processes, the engineering methods and strategies adopted for genetically modified products, and the chosen approaches for combination therapies. A comparative analysis between NK-based non-engineered, engineered, and combination therapies is presented, examining the choices made by product developers regarding the NK cell source and the targeted tumor indications, for both solid and hematological cancers. Clinical trial outcomes are discussed and, when available, assessed in comparison with preclinical data. Regulatory challenges for product approval are reviewed, highlighting the lack of specificity of requirements and standardization between products. Additionally, the competitive landscape and business field is presented. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the effort driven by biotech and pharmaceutical companies and by academic centers to bring NK cell therapies to pivotal clinical trial stages and to market authorization.
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Chung J, Jee SR, Choi E, Yu SJ, Yoon JS, Lee HS, Lee SH, Park SJ, Park HY. Gastric CD56-negative Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma: A Case Report. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2022; 80:190-194. [DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joohong Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sam Ryong Jee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Eunjeong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Jung Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hong Sub Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Heon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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10
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Qiu C, Du G. Loss of
LEF
‐1 expression as a diagnostic indicator for extranodal
NK
/T‐cell lymphoma: An immunohistochemical study of 88 cases. Eur J Haematol 2022; 109:513-518. [PMID: 35871391 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cen Qiu
- Department of Pathology, the Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine China
| | - Guangye Du
- Department of Pathology, the Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine China
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11
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Hue SSS, Ng SB, Wang S, Tan SY. Cellular Origins and Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal NK- and T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2483. [PMID: 35626087 PMCID: PMC9139583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system, which must ensure appropriate immune responses to both pathogens and commensal microflora, comprises innate lymphoid cells and various T-cell subsets, including intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs). An example of innate lymphoid cells is natural killer cells, which may be classified into tissue-resident, CD56bright NK-cells that serve a regulatory function and more mature, circulating CD56dim NK-cells with effector cytolytic properties. CD56bright NK-cells in the gastrointestinal tract give rise to indolent NK-cell enteropathy and lymphomatoid gastropathy, as well as the aggressive extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, the latter following activation by EBV infection and neoplastic transformation. Conventional CD4+ TCRαβ+ and CD8αβ+ TCRαβ+ T-cells are located in the lamina propria and the intraepithelial compartment of intestinal mucosa as type 'a' IELs. They are the putative cells of origin for CD4+ and CD8+ indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and intestinal T-cell lymphoma, NOS. In addition to such conventional T-cells, there are non-conventional T-cells in the intra-epithelial compartment that express CD8αα and innate lymphoid cells that lack TCRs. The central feature of type 'b' IELs is the expression of CD8αα homodimers, seen in monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), which primarily arises from both CD8αα+ TCRαβ+ and CD8αα+ TCRγδ+ IELs. EATL is the other epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in the GI tract, a subset of which arises from the expansion and reprograming of intracytoplasmic CD3+ innate lymphoid cells, driven by IL15 and mutations of the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Swee-Shan Hue
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (S.S.-S.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (S.S.-S.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Soo-Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
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12
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Fang F, Xie S, Chen M, Li Y, Yue J, Ma J, Shu X, He Y, Xiao W, Tian Z. Advances in NK cell production. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:460-481. [PMID: 34983953 PMCID: PMC8975878 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on natural killer (NK) cells is a promising approach for treating a variety of cancers. Unlike T cells, NK cells recognize target cells via a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent mechanism and, without being sensitized, kill the cells directly. Several strategies for obtaining large quantities of NK cells with high purity and high cytotoxicity have been developed. These strategies include the use of cytokine-antibody fusions, feeder cells or membrane particles to stimulate the proliferation of NK cells and enhance their cytotoxicity. Various materials, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), umbilical cord blood (UCB), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and NK cell lines, have been used as sources to generate NK cells for immunotherapy. Moreover, genetic modification technologies to improve the proliferation of NK cells have also been developed to enhance the functions of NK cells. Here, we summarize the recent advances in expansion strategies with or without genetic manipulation of NK cells derived from various cellular sources. We also discuss the closed, automated and GMP-controlled large-scale expansion systems used for NK cells and possible future NK cell-based immunotherapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Siqi Xie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Minhua Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jingjing Yue
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xun Shu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yongge He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Zhigang Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Biotechnology Drugs Anhui, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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13
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Harada S, Ando M, Ando J, Ishii M, Yamaguchi T, Yamazaki S, Toyota T, Ohara K, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Shin C, Ota Y, Nakashima K, Ohshima K, Imai C, Nakazawa Y, Nakauchi H, Komatsu N. Dual-antigen targeted iPSC-derived chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for refractory lymphoma. Mol Ther 2022; 30:534-549. [PMID: 34628050 PMCID: PMC8821952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We generated dual-antigen receptor (DR) T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to mitigate tumor antigen escape. These cells were engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for the antigen cell surface latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1; LMP1-CAR) and a T cell receptor directed to cell surface latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2), in association with human leucocyte antigen A24, to treat therapy-refractory Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphomas. We introduced LMP1-CAR into iPSCs derived from LMP2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to generate rejuvenated CTLs (rejTs) active against LMP1 and LMP2, or DRrejTs. All DRrejT-treated mice survived >100 days. Furthermore, DRrejTs rejected follow-up inocula of lymphoma cells, demonstrating that DRrejTs persisted long-term. We also demonstrated that DRrejTs targeting CD19 and LMP2 antigens exhibited a robust tumor suppressive effect and conferred a clear survival advantage. Co-operative antitumor effect and in vivo persistence, with unlimited availability of DRrejT therapy, will provide powerful and sustainable T cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Harada
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miki Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Jun Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Midori Ishii
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tokuko Toyota
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohara
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Manami Ohtaka
- TOKIWA-Bio, Inc., Tsukuba Center, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | | | - Chansu Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ota
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nakashima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Chihaya Imai
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinsyu University School of Medicine, Nagano 390-0802, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5461, USA.
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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14
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Recurrent Nasal-Type Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma with Meningeal Involvement. Case Rep Hematol 2021; 2021:9972694. [PMID: 34350041 PMCID: PMC8328685 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9972694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma nasal type (NNKTL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that has been associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It has an aggressive behavior, known for predilection to metastasize to different organs. Central nervous system (CNS) spread from a primary location has been reported. Different modalities of treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been employed in the management of this disease. Severe toxicities of currently available treatment have made clinicians seek more targeted therapies using molecular profiling. We present a 44-year-old Hispanic patient who was diagnosed with an early-stage NNKTL and treated with the modified SMILE regimen for 6 cycles. His EBV DNA PCR turned undetectable and remained so throughout the treatment. He sustained complete right vision loss due to right optic nerve invasion by the tumor, leading to prophylactic intravitreal methotrexate to the contralateral eye. The patient achieved good response with minimal residual disease. He was supposed to start radiation as a sequential therapy. However, the acute development of severe headache and confusion lead to a complete workup showing leptomeningeal spread. He eventually succumbed to the disease.
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15
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Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: Genetic, Biologic, and Clinical Aspects with a Central Focus on Epstein-Barr Virus Relation. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071381. [PMID: 34202088 PMCID: PMC8304202 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL-NT) has some salient aspects. The lymphoma is commonly seen in Eastern Asia, has progressive necrotic lesions in the nasal cavity, makes midfacial destructive lesions, and shows poor prognosis. The lymphoma cell is originated from either NK- or γδ T-cells, which express CD56. Since the authors first demonstrated the existence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) DNA and EBV oncogenic proteins in lymphoma cells, ENKTL-NT has been recognized as an EBV-associated malignancy. Because the angiocentric and polymorphous lymphoma cells are mixed with inflammatory cells on a necrotic background, the diagnosis of ENKTL-NT requires CD56 immunostaining and EBER in situ hybridization. In addition, serum the EBV DNA level is useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of ENKTL-NT. Although ENKTL-NT is refractory lymphoma, the prognosis is improved by the development of therapies such as concomitant chemoradiotherapy. The basic research reveals that a wide variety of intracellular/cell surface molecules, cytokines, chemokines, and micro RNAs are involved in lymphomagenesis, and some of them are related to EBV. Understanding lymphoma behavior introduces new therapeutic strategies, such as the usage of immune checkpoint inhibitors, peptide vaccines, and molecular targeting therapy. This review addresses recent advances in basic and clinical aspects of ENKTL-NT, especially its relation to EBV features.
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16
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Selective drug combination vulnerabilities in STAT3- and TP53-mutant malignant NK cells. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1862-1875. [PMID: 33792631 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms are rare but very aggressive types of cancers. With currently available treatments, they have a very poor prognosis and, as such, are an example of group of cancers in which the development of effective precision therapies is needed. Using both short- and long-term drug sensitivity testing, we explored novel ways to target NK-cell neoplasms by combining the clinically approved JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib with other targeted agents. We profiled 7 malignant NK-cell lines in drug sensitivity screens and identified that these exhibit differential drug sensitivities based on their genetic background. In short-term assays, various classes of drugs combined with ruxolitinib seemed highly potent. Strikingly, resistance to most of these combinations emerged rapidly when explored in long-term assays. However, 4 combinations were identified that selectively eradicated the cancer cells and did not allow for development of resistance: ruxolitinib combined with the mouse double-minute 2 homolog (MDM2) inhibitor idasanutlin in STAT3-mutant, TP53 wild-type cell lines; ruxolitinib combined with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in TP53-mutant cell lines; and ruxolitinib combined with either the glucocorticoid dexamethasone or the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) inhibitor S63845 but both without a clear link to underlying genetic features. In conclusion, using a new drug sensitivity screening approach, we identified drug combinations that selectively target mature NK-cell neoplasms and do not allow for development of resistance, some of which can be applied in a genetically stratified manner.
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17
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Rong QX, Wang F, Guo ZX, Hu Y, An SN, Luo M, Zhang H, Wu SC, Huang HQ, Fu LW. GM-CSF mediates immune evasion via upregulation of PD-L1 expression in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:80. [PMID: 34051805 PMCID: PMC8164269 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that is used as an immunopotentiator for anti-tumor therapies in recent years. We found that some of the extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) patients with the treatment of hGM-CSF rapidly experienced disease progression, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of disease progression triggered by GM-CSF in ENKTL. Methods The mouse models bearing EL4 cell tumors were established to investigate the effects of GM-CSF on tumor growth and T cell infiltration and function. Human ENKTL cell lines including NK-YS, SNK-6, and SNT-8 were used to explore the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) induced by GM-CSF. To further study the mechanisms of disease progression of ENKTL in detail, the mutations and gene expression profile were examined by next-generation sequence (NGS) in the ENKTL patient’s tumor tissue samples. Results The mouse-bearing EL4 cell tumor exhibited a faster tumor growth rate and poorer survival in the treatment with GM-CSF alone than in treatment with IgG or the combination of GM-CSF and PD-1 antibody. The PD-L1 expression at mRNA and protein levels was significantly increased in ENKTL cells treated with GM-CSF. STAT5A high-frequency mutation including p.R131G, p.D475N, p.F706fs, p.V707E, and p.S710F was found in 12 ENKTL cases with baseline tissue samples. Importantly, STAT5A-V706fs mutation tumor cells exhibited increased activation of STAT5A pathway and PD-L1 overexpression in the presence of GM-CSF. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that GM-CSF potentially triggers the loss of tumor immune surveillance in ENKTL patients and promotes disease progression, which is associated with STAT5 mutations and JAK2 hyperphosphorylation and then upregulates the expression of PD-L1. These may provide new concepts for GM-CSF application and new strategies for the treatment of ENKTL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01374-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xiang Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai-Nan An
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Cong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Wu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
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18
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He HX, Gao Y, Fu JC, Zhou QH, Wang XX, Bai B, Li PF, Huang C, Rong QX, Ping LQ, He YX, Mao JY, Chen X, Huang HQ. VISTA and PD-L1 synergistically predict poor prognosis in patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1907059. [PMID: 33889438 PMCID: PMC8032243 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1907059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy confers salutary effects across cancer types, their efficacy in Extranodal Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) patients is limited and unpredictable. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the expression profile of a panel of immune-regulatory makers to identify novel prognostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for this malignancy. Using immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence, we found that the expression of VISTA (88.1%) was predominantly in CD68+ macrophages and much higher than PD-L1 expression (68.7%) in ENKTCL. B7-H4 and HHLA2 proteins were not detected in ENKTCL. B7-H3 was expressed in minority of ENKTCL patients (13.7%) and mainly colocalized with CD31. A close correlation was detected between VISTA and PD-L1, but they were not co-expressed in the same cells. High expressions of VISTA or PD-L1 were significantly associated with detrimental clinicopathological characteristics, dismal prognosis, and high density of CD8+ TILs, and high VISTA expression was also significantly associated with high density of Foxp3+ TILs. VISTA combined with PD-L1 was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS. Moreover, the patients with high VISTA showed a poor response to PD-1 blockades in ENKTCL. In conclusion, these findings provide a rationale for VISTA as an ideal immunotherapeutic target next to PD-L1 for ENKTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Hua Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Qin Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China & Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Liu Q, Ran R, Wu Z, Li X, Zeng Q, Xia R, Wang Y. Long Non-coding RNA X-Inactive Specific Transcript Mediates Cell Proliferation and Intrusion by Modulating the miR-497/Bcl-w Axis in Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:599070. [PMID: 33364236 PMCID: PMC7753184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was directed toward laying new findings for Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL)-oriented therapy with a focus on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)–microRNAs (miRNAs)–mRNA interaction. The expression and function of XIST (X-inactive specific transcript) were analyzed both in vivo and in vitro. The online database of lncRNA-miRNA interaction was used to screen the target of XIST, and miR-497 was selected. Next, the predicted binding between XIST and miR-497, and the dynamic effect of XIST and miR-497 on downstream Bcl-w was evaluated. We found that XIST dramatically increased in the blood of ENKL patients and cell lines. XIST knockdown suppressed the cell proliferation and migration in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we confirmed the negative interaction between XIST and miR-497. Moreover, XIST knockdown reduced the protein levels of Bcl-w, a downstream target of miR-497. XIST sponges miR-497 to promote Bcl-w expression, and finally modulating ENKL cell proliferation and migration. To be interested, inhibition of Bcl-w by ABT737 can overcome the high expression of XIST, and suppressed the ENKL proliferation and migration by inducing apoptosis. This study provided a novel experimental basis for ENKL-oriented therapy with a focus on the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruonan Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengsheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingshu Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruixiang Xia
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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20
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Sejic N, George LC, Tierney RJ, Chang C, Kondrashova O, MacKinnon RN, Lan P, Bell AI, Lessene G, Long HM, Strasser A, Shannon-Lowe C, Kelly GL. BCL-XL inhibition by BH3-mimetic drugs induces apoptosis in models of Epstein-Barr virus-associated T/NK-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2020; 4:4775-4787. [PMID: 33017468 PMCID: PMC7556124 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated T- and natural killer (NK)-cell malignancies, such as extranodal NK-/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), exhibit high chemoresistance and, accordingly, such patients have a poor prognosis. The rare nature of such cancers and nonmalignant T/NK lymphoproliferative disorders, such as chronic active EBV (CAEBV), has limited our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. Here, we characterize a panel of ENKTL- and CAEBV-derived cell lines that had been established from human tumors to be used as preclinical models of these diseases. These cell lines were interleukin-2 dependent and found to carry EBV in a latency II gene-expression pattern. All cell lines demonstrated resistance to cell death induction by DNA damage-inducing agents, the current standard of care for patients with these malignancies. This resistance was not correlated with the function of the multidrug efflux pump, P-glycoprotein. However, apoptotic cell death could be consistently induced following treatment with A-1331852, a BH3-mimetic drug that specifically inhibits the prosurvival protein BCL-XL. A-1331852-induced apoptosis was most efficacious when prosurvival MCL-1 was additionally targeted, either by BH3-mimetics or genetic deletion. Xenograft models established from the ENKTL cell line SNK6 provided evidence that A-1331852 treatment could be therapeutically beneficial in vivo. The data here suggest that therapeutic targeting of BCL-XL would be effective for patients with EBV-driven T/NK proliferative diseases, however, MCL-1 could be a potential resistance factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Sejic
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and
| | - Lindsay C George
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J Tierney
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Chang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ruth N MacKinnon
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; and
- Department of Medicine (St. Vincent's) and
| | - Ping Lan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew I Bell
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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21
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Wu S, Zhang X, Dong M, Yang Z, Zhang M, Chen Q. sATP‑binding cassette subfamily G member 2 enhances the multidrug resistance properties of human nasal natural killer/T cell lymphoma side population cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1467-1478. [PMID: 32945520 PMCID: PMC7448492 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is associated with limited effective treatment options and unfavorable survival rate, which is partly the result of multidrug resistance (MDR). The presence of side population (SP) cells-SNK-6/ADM-SP (SSP) cells has been previously used to explore mechanisms of drug resistance. ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) is a gene involved in MDR and is closely associated with SPs. However, the function of ABCG2 in SSP cells is unclear. The present study verified the high expression of ABCG2 in SSP cells. The IC50 values of doxorubicin, cytarabine, cisplatin, gemcitabine and l-asparaginase were tested to evaluate drug sensitivity in SSP cells with different levels of ABCG2 expression. ABCG2 was identified as a gene promoting in MDR. ABCG2 upregulated cell proliferation, increased clonogenicity, increased invasive ability and decreased apoptosis, in vivo and in vitro, when cells were treated with gemcitabine. To conclude, ABCG2 enhanced MDR and increased the typical biological characteristics associated with cancer cells in SP cells. With further investigation of the ABCG2 gene could have the potential to reverse MDR in ENKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Qingjiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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22
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Jeong SH. Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma. Blood Res 2020; 55:S63-S71. [PMID: 32719179 PMCID: PMC7386895 DOI: 10.5045/br.2020.s011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a distinct subtype of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma mainly involving the nasal area. Since the entity was first recognized, treatment strategies have been evolving from anthracycline-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy to L-asparaginase containing regimens and recently immune checkpoint inhibitors. With the currently used combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, more than 70% of patients with localized disease can be cured. L-asparaginase containing regimens have significantly improved treatment outcomes among patients with advanced disease. However, the treatment outcomes of patients with disease refractory to L-asparaginase containing regimens or who experience recurrence remain poor. In this article, we cover the current treatments for ENKTL and emerging treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyun Jeong
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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23
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Zheng M, Yu L, Hu J, Zhang Z, Wang H, Lu D, Tang X, Huang J, Zhong K, Wang Z, Li Y, Guo G, Liu S, Tong A, Yang H. Efficacy of B7-H3-Redirected BiTE and CAR-T Immunotherapies Against Extranodal Nasal Natural Killer/T Cell Lymphoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100770. [PMID: 32298986 PMCID: PMC7160598 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extranodal nasal natural killer (NK)/T cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a rare but highly aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Nevertheless, despite extensive research, the estimated 5-year overall survival of affected patients remains low. Therefore, new treatment strategies are needed urgently. Recent advances in immunotherapy have the potential to broaden the applications of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells and the bispecific T-cell engaging (BiTE) antibody. Here, we screened a panel of biomarkers including the B7-H3, CD70, TIM-3, VISTA, ICAM-1, and PD-1 in NKTCL cell lines. As a result, we found for the first time that B7-H3 was highly and homogeneously expressed in these cells. Consequently, we constructed a novel anti-B7-H3/CD3 BiTE antibody and B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells, and evaluated their efficacy against NKTCL cel lines both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we found that both anti-B7-H3/CD3 BiTE and B7-H3-redirected CAR-T cells effectively targeted and killed NKTCL cells in vitro, and suppressed the growth of NKTCL tumors in NSG mouse models. Thus, B7-H3 might be a promising therapeutic target for treating patients with NKTCL tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Lingyu Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Kunhong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Zeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Yisong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China
| | - Aiping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan province, PR China.
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24
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Xiong J, Cui BW, Wang N, Dai YT, Zhang H, Wang CF, Zhong HJ, Cheng S, Ou-Yang BS, Hu Y, Zhang X, Xu B, Qian WB, Tao R, Yan F, Hu JD, Hou M, Ma XJ, Wang X, Liu YH, Zhu ZM, Huang XB, Liu L, Wu CY, Huang L, Shen YF, Huang RB, Xu JY, Wang C, Wu DP, Yu L, Li JF, Xu PP, Wang L, Huang JY, Chen SJ, Zhao WL. Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Natural Killer T Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:403-419.e6. [PMID: 32183952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive and heterogeneous entity of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. To identify molecular subtypes of NKTCL based on genomic structural alterations and EBV sequences, we performed multi-omics study on 128 biopsy samples of newly diagnosed NKTCL and defined three prominent subtypes, which differ significantly in cell of origin, EBV gene expression, transcriptional signatures, and responses to asparaginase-based regimens and targeted therapy. Our findings thus identify molecular networks of EBV-associated pathogenesis and suggest potential clinical strategies on NKTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bo-Wen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Ting Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Fu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bin-Shen Ou-Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Bin Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Hematology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Da Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Jun Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Province Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zun-Min Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chong-Yang Wu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yun-Feng Shen
- Department of Hematology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rui-Bin Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing-Yan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Pei Wu
- Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Peng-Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Li Z, Zhang X, Xue W, Zhang Y, Li C, Song Y, Mei M, Lu L, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Jin M, Bian Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Li L, Li X, Fu X, Sun Z, Wu J, Nan F, Chang Y, Yan J, Yu H, Feng X, Wang G, Zhang D, Fu X, Zhang Y, Young KH, Li W, Zhang M. Recurrent GNAQ mutation encoding T96S in natural killer/T cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4209. [PMID: 31527657 PMCID: PMC6746819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a higher prevalence in Asia and South America. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying NKTCL remain unclear. Here, we identify somatic mutations of GNAQ (encoding the T96S alteration of Gαq protein) in 8.7% (11/127) of NKTCL patients, through whole-exome/targeted deep sequencing. Using conditional knockout mice (Ncr1-Cre-Gnaqfl/fl), we demonstrate that Gαq deficiency leads to enhanced NK cell survival. We also find that Gαq suppresses tumor growth of NKTCL via inhibition of the AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, the Gαq T96S mutant may act in a dominant negative manner to promote tumor growth in NKTCL. Clinically, patients with GNAQ T96S mutations have inferior survival. Taken together, we identify recurrent somatic GNAQ T96S mutations that may contribute to the pathogenesis of NKTCL. Our work thus has implications for refining our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of NKTCL and for the development of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weili Xue
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaoping Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lisha Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Medical Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenchang Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaqin Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Fu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Technology Co, Ltd, 38 Xueqing Road, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wencai Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Henan Province, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.
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Ando M, Ando J, Yamazaki S, Ishii M, Sakiyama Y, Harada S, Honda T, Yamaguchi T, Nojima M, Ohshima K, Nakauchi H, Komatsu N. Long-term eradication of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, by induced pluripotent stem cell-derived Epstein-Barr virus-specific rejuvenated T cells in vivo. Haematologica 2019; 105:796-807. [PMID: 31296577 PMCID: PMC7049350 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.223511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionally rejuvenated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are expected to be a potent immunotherapy for tumors. When L-asparaginase-containing standard chemotherapy fails in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), no effective salvage therapy exists. The clinical course then is miserable. We demonstrate prolonged and robust eradication of ENKL in vivo by Epstein-Barr virus-specific iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL, with iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL persisting as central memory T cells in the mouse spleen for at least six months. The anti-tumor response is so strong that any concomitant effect of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade is unclear. These results suggest that long-term persistent Epstein-Barr virus-specific iPSC-derived antigen-specific CTL contribute to a continuous anti-tumor effect and offer an effective salvage therapy for relapsed and refractory ENKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan .,Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Ishii
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Sakiyama
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Harada
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Honda
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagel S, Pommerenke C, MacLeod RAF, Meyer C, Kaufmann M, Fähnrich S, Drexler HG. Deregulated expression of NKL homeobox genes in T-cell lymphomas. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3227-3247. [PMID: 31143370 PMCID: PMC6524933 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have presented a scheme, termed "NKL-code", which describes physiological expression patterns of NKL homeobox genes in early hematopoiesis and in lymphopoiesis including main stages of T-, B- and NK-cell development. Aberrant activity of these genes underlies the generation of hematological malignancies notably T-cell leukemia. Here, we searched for deregulated NKL homeobox genes in main entities of T-cell lymphomas comprising angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL), NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Our data revealed altogether 19 aberrantly overexpressed genes in these types, demonstrating deregulated NKL homeobox genes involvement in T-cell lymphomas as well. For detailed analysis we focused on NKL homeobox gene MSX1 which is normally expressed in NK-cells. MSX1 was overexpressed in subsets of HSTL patients and HSTL-derived sister cell lines DERL-2 and DERL-7 which served as models to characterize mechanisms of deregulation. We performed karyotyping, genomic and expression profiling, and whole genome sequencing to reveal mutated and deregulated gene candidates, including the fusion gene CD53-PDGFRB. Subsequent knockdown experiments allowed the reconstruction of an aberrant network involved in MSX1 deregulation, including chromatin factors AUTS2 and mutated histone HIST1H3B(K27M). The gene encoding AUTS2 is located at chromosome 7q11 and may represent a basic target of the HSTL hallmark aberration i(7q). Taken together, our findings highlight an oncogenic role for deregulated NKL homeobox genes in T-cell lymphoma and identify MSX1 as a novel player in HSTL, implicated in aberrant NK- and T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A F MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silke Fähnrich
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and survivin as potential therapeutic targets against nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. J Transl Med 2019; 99:612-624. [PMID: 30664711 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTL) is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is characterized by poor prognosis, resulting from rapid progression of lesions in the affected organs. Recent data have shown that NNKTL is associated with the aberrant expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and its downstream target survivin, but little is known about the functional roles of CDK1 and survivin in NNKTL. In the current study, we show that knockdown of the EBV-encoded oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) induces downregulation of CDK1 and survivin in NNKTL cells. Immunohistochemistry detected CDK1 and survivin expression in LMP1-positive cells of NNKTL biopsy specimens. Inhibition of CDK1 and survivin in NNKTL cells with several inhibitors led to a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation. In addition, the Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin, which can downregulate both CDK1 and survivin, significantly suppressed the growth of established NNKTL in a murine xenograft model. Our results suggest that LMP1 upregulation of CDK1 and survivin may be essential for NNKTL progression. Furthermore, targeting CDK1 and survivin with Sp1 inhibitors such as mithramycin may be an effective approach to treat NNKTL, which is considered to be a treatment-refractory lymphoma.
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Natural Killer Cells and Current Applications of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified NK-92 Cells in Tumor Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020317. [PMID: 30646574 PMCID: PMC6358726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that can be activated rapidly to target abnormal and virus-infected cells without prior sensitization. With significant advancements in cell biology technologies, many NK cell lines have been established. Among these cell lines, NK-92 cells are not only the most widely used but have also been approved for clinical applications. Additionally, chimeric antigen receptor-modified NK-92 cells (CAR-NK-92 cells) have shown strong antitumor effects. In this review, we summarize established human NK cell lines and their biological characteristics, and highlight the applications of NK-92 cells and CAR-NK-92 cells in tumor immunotherapy.
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Harabuchi Y, Takahara M, Kishibe K, Nagato T, Kumai T. Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: Basic Science and Clinical Progress. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:141. [PMID: 31041299 PMCID: PMC6476925 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NNKTL) has very unique epidemiological, etiologic, histologic, and clinical characteristics. It is commonly observed in Eastern Asia, but quite rare in the United States and Europe. The progressive necrotic lesions mainly in the nasal cavity, poor prognosis caused by rapid local progression with distant metastases, and angiocentric and polymorphous lymphoreticular infiltrates are the main clinical and histologic features. Phenotypic and genotypic studies revealed that the lymphoma is originated from either NK- or γδ T-cell, both of which express CD56. In 1990, the authors first reported the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA and EBV-oncogenic proteins, and EBV has now been recognized to play an etiological role in NNKTL. in vitro studies revealed that a wide variety of cytokines, chemokines, and micro RNAs, which may be produced by EBV-oncogenic proteins in the lymphoma cells, play important roles for tumor progression in NNKTL, and could be therapeutic targets. In addition, it was revealed that the interaction between NNKTL cells and immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages in NNKTL tissues contribute to lymphoma progression. For diagnosis, monitoring the clinical course and predicting prognosis, the measurements of EBV-DNAs and EBV-micro RNAs in sera are very useful. For treatment with early stage, novel concomitant chemoradiotherapy such as DeVIC regimen with local radiotherapy and MPVIC-P regimen using intra-arterial infusion developed with concomitant radiotherapy and the prognosis became noticeably better. However, the prognosis of patients with advanced stage was still poor. Establishment of novel treatments such as the usage of immune checkpoint inhibitor or peptide vaccine with molecular targeting therapy will be necessary. This review addresses recent advances in the molecular understanding of NNKTL to establish novel treatments, in addition to the epidemiologic, clinical, pathological, and EBV features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kan Kishibe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Innovative Head and Neck Cancer Research and Treatment, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Kalra M, Gerdemann U, Luu JD, Ngo MC, Leen AM, Louis CU, Rooney CM, Gottschalk S. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-derived BARF1 encodes CD4- and CD8-restricted epitopes as targets for T-cell immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2018; 21:212-223. [PMID: 30396848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS EBV type II latency tumors, such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, express a limited array of EBV antigens including Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA)1, latent membrane protein (LMP)1, LMP2, and BamH1-A right frame 1 (BARF1). Adoptive immunotherapy for these malignancies have focused on EBNA1, LMP1 and LMP2 because little is known about the cellular immune response to BARF1. METHODS To investigate whether BARF1 is a potential T-cell immunotherapy target, we determined the frequency of BARF1-specific T-cell responses in the peripheral blood of EBV-seropositive healthy donor and patients with EBV-positive malignancies, mapped epitopes and evaluated the effector function of ex vivo-generated BARF1-specific T-cell lines. RESULTS BARF1-specific T cells were present in the peripheral blood of 12/16 (75%) EBV-positive healthy donors and 13/20 (65%) patients with EBV-positive malignancies. Ex vivo expanded BARF1-specific T-cell lines contained CD4- and CD8-positive T-cell subpopulations, and we identified 23 BARF1 peptides, which encoded major histocompatibility complex class I- and/or II-restricted epitopes. Epitope mapping identified one human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02-restricted epitope that was recognized by 50% of HLA-A*02, EBV-seropositive donors and one HLA-B*15(62)-restricted epitope. Exvivo expanded BARF1-specific T cells recognized and killed autologous, EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines and partially HLA-matched EBV-positive lymphoma cell lines. DISCUSSION BARF1 should be considered as an immunotherapy target for EBV type II (and III) latency. Targeting BARF1, in addition to EBNA1, LMP1 and LMP2, has the potential to improve the efficacy of current T-cell immunotherapy approaches for these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kalra
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Ulrike Gerdemann
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Jessica D Luu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Minthran C Ngo
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Ann M Leen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Departments of Pediatrics; Pathology and Immunology
| | - Chrystal U Louis
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Cliona M Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Departments of Pediatrics; Pathology and Immunology; Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Departments of Pediatrics; Pathology and Immunology.
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Zhang X, Fu X, Dong M, Yang Z, Wu S, Ma M, Li Z, Wang X, Li L, Li X, Sun Z, Chang Y, Nan F, Yan J, Mao Y, Zhang M, Chen Q. Conserved cell populations in doxorubicin-resistant human nasal natural killer/T cell lymphoma cell line: super multidrug resistant cells? Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:150. [PMID: 30302057 PMCID: PMC6167813 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is a distinct clinicopathological entity and EBV-associated disease that is highly aggressive. Many patients had failed to respond to conventional chemotherapy or relapsed after treatment. Multi-drug resistance is a major cause that leads to these desperate failures. However, the specific mechanism of drug resistance is still unclear. Methods In the previous study, we firstly developed a doxorubicin-resistant ENKL cell line known as SNK-6/ADM, and then a small quantity of side population (SP) cells were derived from SNK-6/ADM and named SNK-6/ADM-SP. In order to explore the biological characteristics and mechanism of drug-resistance of these cells, SNK-6, SNK-6/ADM and SNK-6/ADM-SP cells were utilized to evaluate potentially differences of chemotherapy resistance index (RI), morphology, proliferation, cell cycles, expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (ABCG1, ABCG2 and ABCC4) and surface markers, cytokine sensitivity, and situation of EBV infection. Results We identified SNK-6/ADM-SP is a specific multidrug resistant cell population with a higher level of RI than SNK-6/ADM. Relevant evaluations showed that SNK-6/ADM-SP presented a series of conserved biological behaviors including relatively poor proliferation ability, high expression of ABCG2, weak sensitivity to IL-15 which could stimulate normal ENKL cells’ proliferation and differentiation, and EBV inhibition with low level of EBV-DNA replication and EBV-antigen expression. Conclusions This discovered cellular heterogeneity of ENKL could provide a new perspective to better understand the mechanisms of drug resistance and overcome elusive response to chemotherapy of ENKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Mijing Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenchang Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqin Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Mao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Νo. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
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Abdelwahed Hussein MR. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region: a pathologist viewpoint. Expert Rev Hematol 2018; 11:737-748. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2018.1506326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Dufva O, Kankainen M, Kelkka T, Sekiguchi N, Awad SA, Eldfors S, Yadav B, Kuusanmäki H, Malani D, Andersson EI, Pietarinen P, Saikko L, Kovanen PE, Ojala T, Lee DA, Loughran TP, Nakazawa H, Suzumiya J, Suzuki R, Ko YH, Kim WS, Chuang SS, Aittokallio T, Chan WC, Ohshima K, Ishida F, Mustjoki S. Aggressive natural killer-cell leukemia mutational landscape and drug profiling highlight JAK-STAT signaling as therapeutic target. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1567. [PMID: 29674644 PMCID: PMC5908809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive natural killer-cell (NK-cell) leukemia (ANKL) is an extremely aggressive malignancy with dismal prognosis and lack of targeted therapies. Here, we elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of ANKL using a combination of genomic and drug sensitivity profiling. We study 14 ANKL patients using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and identify mutations in STAT3 (21%) and RAS-MAPK pathway genes (21%) as well as in DDX3X (29%) and epigenetic modifiers (50%). Additional alterations include JAK-STAT copy gains and tyrosine phosphatase mutations, which we show recurrent also in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (NKTCL) through integration of public genomic data. Drug sensitivity profiling further demonstrates the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of NK-cell malignancies, identifying NK cells to be highly sensitive to JAK and BCL2 inhibition compared to other hematopoietic cell lineages. Our results provide insight into ANKL genetics and a framework for application of targeted therapies in NK-cell malignancies. Aggressive natural killer-cell leukemia (ANKL) has few targeted therapies. Here ANKL patients are reported to harbor STAT3, RAS-MAPK pathway, DDX3X and epigenetic modifier mutations; and drug sensitivity profiling uncovers the importance of the JAK-STAT pathway, revealing potential ANKL therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Dufva
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Kankainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Kelkka
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nodoka Sekiguchi
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Therapy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shady Adnan Awad
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Eldfors
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bhagwan Yadav
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Disha Malani
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma I Andersson
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paavo Pietarinen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Saikko
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu E Kovanen
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB and Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teija Ojala
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dean A Lee
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and BMT, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0334, USA
| | - Hideyuki Nakazawa
- Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Junji Suzumiya
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Ritsuro Suzuki
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Young Hyeh Ko
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 0635, South Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 0635, South Korea
| | - Shih-Sung Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 71004, Taiwan
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishida
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Yajima M, Ikuta K, Kanda T. Rapid CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Cloning of Full-Length Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes from Latently Infected Cells. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040171. [PMID: 29614006 PMCID: PMC5923465 DOI: 10.3390/v10040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses have relatively large DNA genomes of more than 150 kb that are difficult to clone and sequence. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) cloning of herpesvirus genomes is a powerful technique that greatly facilitates whole viral genome sequencing as well as functional characterization of reconstituted viruses. We describe recently invented technologies for rapid BAC cloning of herpesvirus genomes using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair. We focus on recent BAC cloning techniques of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes and discuss the possible advantages of a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated strategy comparatively with precedent EBV-BAC cloning strategies. We also describe the design decisions of this technology as well as possible pitfalls and points to be improved in the future. The obtained EBV-BAC clones are subjected to long-read sequencing analysis to determine complete EBV genome sequence including repetitive regions. Rapid cloning and sequence determination of various EBV strains will greatly contribute to the understanding of their global geographical distribution. This technology can also be used to clone disease-associated EBV strains and test the hypothesis that they have special features that distinguish them from strains that infect asymptomatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Yajima
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Ikuta
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan.
| | - Teru Kanda
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan.
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36
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Xu C, Ai J, Zhang Q, Li T, Wu X, Xie Z, Duan Z. An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29658924 DOI: 10.3791/56515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of methods have been described to establish NK/T cell lines from patients with lymphoma or lymphoproliferative syndrome. These methods employed feeder cells, purified NK or T cells with as much as 10 mL of blood, or a high-dose of IL-2. This study presents a new method with a powerful and simple strategy to establish NK and T cell lines by culturing the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the addition of recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2), and uses as little as 2 mL of whole blood. The cells can proliferate quickly in two weeks and be maintained for more than 3 months. With this method, 7 NK or T cell lines have been established with a high success rate. This method is simple, reliable, and applicable to establishing cell lines from more cases of CAEBV or NK/T cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongfeng Xu
- Genetic Resources Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Junhong Ai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Qingxun Zhang
- Genetic Resources Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Genetic Resources Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhengde Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University;
| | - Ziyuan Duan
- Genetic Resources Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in NK/T lymphoma cells through ATM-Chk2-p53-p21 signalling pathway. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:571-580. [PMID: 29504068 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-tumour effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of a new oral histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), chidamide, in NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL), a rare and highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with poor outcomes. SNT-8 and SNK-10 NKTCL cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of chidamide for the indicated time. The treated cells were analysed for cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cell apoptosis. Proteins in the AKT/mTOR and MAPK signalling pathways and the DNA damage response (DDR) cell cycle checkpoint pathway were measured by Western blotting. Chidamide inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, arrested cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in the NKTCL cell lines. In addition, we found that chidamide suppressed the phosphorylation levels of proteins in the AKT/mTOR and MAPK signalling pathways and activated the DDR cell cycle checkpoint pathway, that is, the ATM-Chk2-p53-p21 pathway. Expression of EBV genes was also assessed by Real-Time PCR. Chidamide induced EBV lytic-phase gene expression in EBV-positive NKTCL. Our results provide evidence that chidamide shows antitumour effects by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR and MAPK signalling pathways and activating the ATM-Chk2-p53-p21 signalling pathway in vitro.
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Abstract
This article focuses on cutaneous hematopoietic neoplasms that are more likely to be encountered in the pediatric age-group and includes both lymphoproliferative and histiocytic disorders. The cutaneous hematologic disorders in children have a different epidemiologic profile to what is seen during adulthood. Although mycosis fungoides is the most frequent form of cutaneous lymphoma in adults, it is very rare in children. Because lymphoblastic leukemias and lymphomas are more frequent in the pediatric setting, cutaneous leukemic infiltrates are relatively common in this age-group. Similarly, histiocytic disorders are more common in children, particularly Langerhans cell histiocytosis and juvenile xanthogranuloma. Notably, the histiocytic disorders have undergone significant modifications on their nomenclature in the basis of the molecular characteristics that are present in them. A summary of the most frequent cutaneous hematopoietic disorders in children will be discussed further in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Gru
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Louis P Dehner
- 2 Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, St. Louis Children's Hospital and Dermatopathology, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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39
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Kuusanmäki H, Dufva O, Parri E, van Adrichem AJ, Rajala H, Majumder MM, Yadav B, Parsons A, Chan WC, Wennerberg K, Mustjoki S, Heckman CA. Drug sensitivity profiling identifies potential therapies for lymphoproliferative disorders with overactive JAK/STAT3 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97516-97527. [PMID: 29228628 PMCID: PMC5722580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive JAK/STAT3 signaling contributes to disease progression in many lymphoproliferative disorders. Recent genetic analyses have revealed gain-of-function STAT3 mutations in lymphoid cancers leading to hyperactivation of STAT3, which may represent a potential therapeutic target. Using a functional reporter assay, we screened 306 compounds with selective activity against various target molecules to identify drugs capable of inhibiting the cellular activity of STAT3. Top hits were further validated with additional models including STAT3-mutated natural killer (NK)-cell leukemia/lymphoma cell lines and primary large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia cells to assess their ability to inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 dependent cell viability. We identified JAK, mTOR, Hsp90 and CDK inhibitors as potent inhibitors of both WT and mutant STAT3 activity. The Hsp90 inhibitor luminespib was highly effective at reducing the viability of mutant STAT3 NK cell lines and LGL leukemia patient samples. Luminespib decreased the phosphorylation of mutant STAT3 at Y705, whereas JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib had reduced efficacy on mutant STAT3 phosphorylation. Additionally, combinations involving Hsp90, JAK and mTOR inhibitors were more effective at reducing cell viability than single agents. Our findings show alternative approaches to inhibit STAT3 activity and suggest Hsp90 as a therapeutic target in lymphoproliferative disorders with constitutively active STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Hematology Research Unit, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Dufva
- Hematology Research Unit, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Parri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arjan J van Adrichem
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Rajala
- Hematology Research Unit, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muntasir M Majumder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bhagwan Yadav
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alun Parsons
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Nagato T, Ohkuri T, Ohara K, Hirata Y, Kishibe K, Komabayashi Y, Ueda S, Takahara M, Kumai T, Ishibashi K, Kosaka A, Aoki N, Oikawa K, Uno Y, Akiyama N, Sado M, Takei H, Celis E, Harabuchi Y, Kobayashi H. Programmed death-ligand 1 and its soluble form are highly expressed in nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: a potential rationale for immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:877-890. [PMID: 28349165 PMCID: PMC11028583 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTL) is an aggressive neoplasm with poor therapeutic responses and prognosis. The programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway plays an important role in immune evasion of tumor cells through T-cell exhaustion. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 molecules in NNKTL. We detected the expression of PD-L1 in biopsy samples from all of the NNKTL patients studied. PD-L1 was found on both malignant cells and tumor-infiltrating macrophages, while PD-1-positive mononuclear cells infiltrated the tumor tissues in 36% of patients. Most significantly, soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) was present in sera of NNKTL patients at higher levels as compared to healthy individuals and the levels of serum sPD-L1 in patients positively correlated with the expression of PD-L1 in lymphoma cells of tumor tissues. In addition, the high-sPD-L1 group of patients showed significantly worse prognosis than the low-sPD-L1 group. Furthermore, we confirmed that membrane and soluble PD-L1 was expressed on the surface and in the culture supernatant, respectively, of NNKTL cell lines. The expression of PD-L1 was observed in tumor tissues and sera from a murine xenograft model inoculated with an NNKTL cell line. Our results suggest that sPD-L1 could be a prognostic predictor for NNKTL and open up the possibility of immunotherapy of this lymphoma using PD-1/PD-L1 axis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kenzo Ohara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yui Hirata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kan Kishibe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Komabayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Seigo Ueda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Respiratory and Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akemi Kosaka
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naoko Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Uno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Akiyama
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Sado
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Takei
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Esteban Celis
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
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41
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Nagel S, Pommerenke C, Meyer C, Kaufmann M, MacLeod RAF, Drexler HG. NKL homeobox gene MSX1 acts like a tumor suppressor in NK-cell leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66815-66832. [PMID: 28977998 PMCID: PMC5620138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NKL homeobox gene MSX1 is physiologically expressed in lymphoid progenitors and subsequently downregulated in developing T- and B-cells. In contrast, elevated expression levels of MSX1 persist in mature natural killer (NK)-cells, indicating a functional role in this compartment. While T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) subsets exhibit aberrant overexpression of MSX1, we show here that in malignant NK-cells the level of MSX1 transcripts is aberrantly downregulated. Chromosomal deletions at 4p16 hosting the MSX1 locus have been described in NK-cell leukemia patients. However, NK-cell lines analyzed here showed normal MSX1 gene configurations, indicating that this aberration might be uncommon. To identify alternative MSX1 regulatory mechanisms we compared expression profiling data of primary normal NK-cells and malignant NK-cell lines. This procedure revealed several deregulated genes including overexpressed IRF4, MIR155HG and MIR17HG and downregulated AUTS2, EP300, GATA3 and HHEX. As shown recently, chromatin-modulator AUTS2 is overexpressed in T-ALL subsets where it mediates aberrant transcriptional activation of MSX1. Here, our data demonstrate that in malignant NK-cell lines AUTS2 performed MSX1 activation as well, but in accordance with downregulated MSX1 transcription therein we detected reduced AUTS2 expression, a small genomic deletion at 7q11 removing exons 3 and 4, and truncating mutations in exon 1. Moreover, genomic profiling and chromosomal analyses of NK-cell lines demonstrated amplification of IRF4 at 6p25 and deletion of PRDM1 at 6q21, highlighting their potential oncogenic impact. Functional analyses performed via knockdown or forced expression of these genes revealed regulatory network disturbances effecting downregulation of MSX1 which may underlie malignant development in NK-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A F MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany
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Abstract
This article will focus on the cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders associated with EBV, with an emphasis on the upcoming changes in the revised 4th Edition of the WHO classification of tumors of the hematopoietic system, many of which deal with cutaneous disorders derived from NK-cells or T-cells. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma usually presents in the upper aerodigestive tract, but can involve the skin secondarily. EBV-associated T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) in the pediatric age group include the systemic diseases, chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) and systemic EBV+ T-cell lymphoma of childhood. Hydroa vacciniforme (HV)-like LPD is a primarily cutaneous form of CAEBV and encompasses the lesions previously referred to as HV and HV-like lymphoma (HVLL). All the T/NK-cell-EBV-associated diseases occur with higher frequency in Asians, and indigenous populations from Central and South America and Mexico. Among the B-cell EBV-associated LPD two major changes have been introduced in the WHO. The previously designated EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV-DLBCL) of the elderly, has been changed to EBV-DLBCL with 'not otherwise specified' as a modifier (NOS). A new addition to the WHO system is the more recently identified EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer, which involves skin and mucosal-associated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Gru
- Pathology & Dermatology, Hematopathology and Dermatopathology Sections, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Elaine S Jaffe
- Hematopathology, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Komabayashi Y, Kishibe K, Nagato T, Ueda S, Takahara M, Harabuchi Y. Circulating Epstein-Barr virus-encoded micro-RNAs as potential biomarkers for nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2016; 35:655-663. [PMID: 27709652 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTL) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancy and is characterized by local invasion and widespread dissemination, with a consequent poor prognosis. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play roles in the pathogenesis of several malignancies by regulating gene expression and have been recently identified as stable entities in serum. Here, we investigated the value of circulating EBV-miRNAs as biomarkers for NNKTL. Sera of patients with NNKTL were subjected to miRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-array analysis, after which serum EBV-miRNA levels were verified using quantitative PCR. The latter analysis revealed high miR-BART2-5p, miR-BART7-3p, miR-BART13-3p, and miR-BART1-5p expression levels in sera of patients with NNKTL and indicated accurate values for discriminating patients with NNKTL from healthy controls. Levels of these 4 EBV-miRNAs, which were secreted from NNKTL cells, significantly decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment. Furthermore, a high circulating miR-BART2-5p level was associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in patients with NNKTL. Our findings demonstrate that circulating EBV-miRNAs, particularly miR-BART2-5p, may serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with NNKTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Komabayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kan Kishibe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Seigo Ueda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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44
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Induction of Epstein-Barr Virus Oncoprotein LMP1 by Transcription Factors AP-2 and Early B Cell Factor. J Virol 2016; 90:3873-3889. [PMID: 26819314 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03227-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a major oncogene essential for primary B cell transformation by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Previous studies suggested that some transcription factors, such as PU.1, RBP-Jκ, NF-κB, and STAT, are involved in this expression, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we identified binding sites for PAX5, AP-2, and EBF in the proximal LMP1 promoter (ED-L1p). We first confirmed the significance of PU.1 and POU domain transcription factor binding for activation of the promoter in latency III. We then focused on the transcription factors AP-2 and early B cell factor (EBF). Interestingly, among the three AP-2-binding sites in the LMP1 promoter, two motifs were also bound by EBF. Overexpression, knockdown, and mutagenesis in the context of the viral genome indicated that AP-2 plays an important role in LMP1 expression in latency II in epithelial cells. In latency III B cells, on the other hand, the B cell-specific transcription factor EBF binds to the ED-L1p and activates LMP1 transcription from the promoter. IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is crucial for B cell transformation and oncogenesis of other EBV-related malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and T/NK lymphoma. Its expression is largely dependent on the cell type or condition, and some transcription factors have been implicated in its regulation. However, these previous reports evaluated the significance of specific factors mostly by reporter assay. In this study, we prepared point-mutated EBV at the binding sites of such transcription factors and confirmed the importance of AP-2, EBF, PU.1, and POU domain factors. Our results will provide insight into the transcriptional regulation of the major oncogene LMP1.
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Klingemann H, Boissel L, Toneguzzo F. Natural Killer Cells for Immunotherapy - Advantages of the NK-92 Cell Line over Blood NK Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:91. [PMID: 27014270 PMCID: PMC4789404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are potent cytotoxic effector cells for cancer therapy and potentially for severe viral infections. However, there are technical challenges to obtain sufficient numbers of functionally active NK cells from a patient’s blood since they represent only 10% of the lymphocytes and are often dysfunctional. The alternative is to obtain cells from a healthy donor, which requires depletion of the allogeneic T cells to prevent graft-versus-host reactions. Cytotoxic cell lines have been established from patients with clonal NK-cell lymphoma. Those cells can be expanded in culture in the presence of IL-2. Except for the NK-92 cell line, though, none of the other six known NK cell lines has consistently and reproducibly shown high antitumor cytotoxicity. Only NK-92 cells can easily be genetically manipulated to recognize specific tumor antigens or to augment monoclonal antibody activity through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. NK-92 is also the only cell line product that has been infused into patients with advanced cancer with clinical benefit and minimal side effects.
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46
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Alles J, Menegatti J, Motsch N, Hart M, Eichner N, Reinhardt R, Meister G, Grässer FA. miRNA expression profiling of Epstein-Barr virus-associated NKTL cell lines by Illumina deep sequencing. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:251-63. [PMID: 27239439 PMCID: PMC4821355 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to establish the microRNA profile of SNK6 and SNT16, two Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected cell lines derived from nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL). The oncogenic EBV is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of nasal and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma and expresses 44 mature microRNAs and two noncoding EBV-encoded RNAs (EBERs). miRNAs are 19-25nt noncoding RNAs that affect host and viral gene expression post-transcriptionally. Deregulated miRNA patterns are frequently linked to a variety of human cancers including lymphomas. miRNA profiling of the two NK/T cell lines vs. primary cells revealed 10 and 4 up-regulated and 10 and 12 down-regulated miRNAs in SNK6 and SNT16 cells respectively. The results were validated by qRT-PCR for selected miRNAs. Target gene analyses confirmed cullin 5 (CUL5) and sphingosin-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) as targets for the down-regulated hsa-miR-148a and viral ebv-miR-BART16 respectively. As recently demonstrated for the regulation of IL1-alpha by miR-142-3p, coexpression of the EBERs selectively exerted corepression of S1PR1 by BART16 but not of CUL5 by miR-148a, indicating selective corepression by the EBERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Alles
- Institute of Virology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Jennifer Menegatti
- Institute of Virology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Natalie Motsch
- Institute of Virology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany; Present address: Boehringer Ingelheim Birkendorfer Strasse 65D-88397 Biberach Germany
| | - Martin Hart
- Institute of Virology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Norbert Eichner
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR) Laboratory for RNA Biology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR) Laboratory for RNA Biology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Friedrich A Grässer
- Institute of Virology Saarland University Medical School Homburg/Saar Germany
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Takahara M, Nagato T, Kishibe K, Ueda S, Komabayashi Y, Yamashina M, Takahashi K, Harabuchi Y. Novel treatment for early-stage nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: intra-maxillary arterial infusion chemotherapy with concomitant radiotherapy. Hematol Oncol 2015; 35:158-162. [PMID: 26563973 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTL) displays unusual clinicopathological features, and the prognosis is very poor, even in the early stages of the disease. For early stage NNKTL, we have developed a novel chemoradiotherapy regimen incorporating arterial infusion chemotherapy, administered via the superficial temporal artery, in combination with radiotherapy. The novel arterial infusion regimen consists of ifosfamide, carboplatin, methotrexate, peplomycin, and etoposide (MPVIC-P). From 2003 to 2011, 12 patients with early stage NNKTL were treated with the MPVIC-P regimen via arterial infusion with concomitant radiotherapy (54 Gy). We have previously reported on the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genetic DNA in NNKTL. Therefore, the effect of the treatment was evaluated by using both clinical findings and serum EBV DNA copy number. The observation period ranged from 39 months to 111 months post-treatment (median: 81 months). All 12 patients achieved and maintained complete remission and, to date, show no sign of relapse. Serum EBV DNA copy numbers decreased to below detectable levels in all 12 patients tested. Manageable mucositis was the most common grade 3-4 toxicity, and it was seen in 10 (83%) patients. However, grade 3-4 hematological toxicity was only seen in 4 (33%) patients. We conclude that our regimen of intra-maxillary arterial chemotherapy with concomitant radiotherapy is an effective treatment with minimal toxicity for early stage NNKTL. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kan Kishibe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Seigo Ueda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Komabayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamashina
- Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kouji Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
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48
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CCL17 and CCL22/CCR4 signaling is a strong candidate for novel targeted therapy against nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:697-705. [PMID: 25754123 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTL) is associated with Epstein-Barr virus and has a poor prognosis because of local invasion and/or multiple dissemination. Various chemokines play a role in tumor proliferation and invasion, and chemokine receptors including the C-C chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) are recognized as potential targets for treating hematologic malignancies. The aim of the present study was to determine whether specific chemokines are produced by NNKTL. We compared chemokine expression patterns in culture supernatants of NNKTL cell lines with those of other lymphoma or leukemia cell lines using chemokine protein array and ELISA. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL) 17 and CCL22 were highly produced by NNKTL cell lines as compared to the other cell lines. In addition, CCL17 and CCL22 were readily observed in the sera of NNKTL patients. The levels of these chemokines were significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls. Furthermore, we detected the expression of CCR4 (the receptor for CCL17 and CCL22) on the surface of NNKTL cell lines and in tissues of NNKTL patients. Anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) efficiently induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells against NNKTL cell lines. Our results suggest that CCL17 and CCL22 may be important factors in the development of NNKTL and open up the possibility of immunotherapy of this lymphoma using anti-CCR4 mAb.
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49
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SUN LU, ZHAO YU, SHI HUAIYIN, MA CHAO, WEI LIXIN. LMP-1 induces survivin expression to inhibit cell apoptosis through the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2253-60. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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50
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Kumai T, Matsuda Y, Ohkuri T, Oikawa K, Ishibashi K, Aoki N, Kimura S, Harabuchi Y, Celis E, Kobayashi H. c-Met is a novel tumor associated antigen for T-cell based immunotherapy against NK/T cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e976077. [PMID: 25949874 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.976077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The expression of c-Met and its ligand HGF plays a critical role in cell proliferation and is involved in numerous malignancies. Because c-Met expression and its role in NK/T-cell lymphoma remain unclear, we studied the expression and function of c-Met in NK/T-cell lymphoma cells. In addition, we investigated the possibility that c-Met could function as a tumor-associated antigen for helper T lymphocytes (HTLs). Methods: We evaluated whether HGF and c-Met were expressed in NK/T-cell lymphoma and the capacity of predicted c-Met HTL epitopes to induce antitumor responses in vitro. In addition, c-Met inhibitor was evaluated for the ability to inhibit TGF-β production in tumor and subsequently increase HTL recognition. Results: c-Met and HGF were expressed in NK/T-cell lymphoma cell lines, nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma specimens and patient serum samples. Moreover, HGF was shown to promote NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) proliferation in an autocrine manner. Furthermore, we have identified three novel c-Met HTL epitopes that were restricted by several HLA-DR molecules. Notably, peptide-induced HTL lines directly recognized and killed c-Met expressing NK/T-cell lymphomas and various epithelial solid tumors. The c-Met specific HTLs could also recognize dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with c-Met expressing tumor cell lysates. In addition, we observed that c-Met inhibition augmented HTL recognition by decreasing TGF-β production by tumor cells. Lastly, autophagy partly regulated the HTL responses against tumors. Conclusions: We identified novel c-Met HTL epitopes that can elicit effective antitumor responses against tumors expressing c-Met. Our results provide the rationale of combining c-Met targeting therapy and immunotherapy for NKTCLs and epithelial tumors.
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Key Words
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- CD4+ helper T lymphocytes
- DC, dendritic cell
- EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HSP, heat shock protein
- HTLs, helper CD4+ T cells
- L-cell, mouse fibroblast cell line
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- NK/T cell lymphoma
- NKTCL, natural killer/ T cell lymphoma
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGF-β
- TKI, tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor
- autophagy
- c-Met
- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- immunotherapy
- major histocompatibility complex class II
- tumor antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kumai
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan ; Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan ; Cancer Immunology; Inflammation and Tolerance Program; Georgia Regents University Cancer Center ; Augusta, GA USA
| | - Yoshinari Matsuda
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Aoki
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shoji Kimura
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Esteban Celis
- Cancer Immunology; Inflammation and Tolerance Program; Georgia Regents University Cancer Center ; Augusta, GA USA
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology; Asahikawa Medical University ; Asahikawa, Japan
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