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Momenilandi M, Lévy R, Sobrino S, Li J, Lagresle-Peyrou C, Esmaeilzadeh H, Fayand A, Le Floc'h C, Guérin A, Della Mina E, Shearer D, Delmonte OM, Yatim A, Mulder K, Mancini M, Rinchai D, Denis A, Neehus AL, Balogh K, Brendle S, Rokni-Zadeh H, Changi-Ashtiani M, Seeleuthner Y, Deswarte C, Bessot B, Cremades C, Materna M, Cederholm A, Ogishi M, Philippot Q, Beganovic O, Ackermann M, Wuyts M, Khan T, Fouéré S, Herms F, Chanal J, Palterer B, Bruneau J, Molina TJ, Leclerc-Mercier S, Prétet JL, Youssefian L, Vahidnezhad H, Parvaneh N, Claeys KG, Schrijvers R, Luka M, Pérot P, Fourgeaud J, Nourrisson C, Poirier P, Jouanguy E, Boisson-Dupuis S, Bustamante J, Notarangelo LD, Christensen N, Landegren N, Abel L, Marr N, Six E, Langlais D, Waterboer T, Ginhoux F, Ma CS, Tangye SG, Meyts I, Lachmann N, Hu J, Shahrooei M, Bossuyt X, Casanova JL, Béziat V. FLT3L governs the development of partially overlapping hematopoietic lineages in humans and mice. Cell 2024; 187:2817-2837.e31. [PMID: 38701783 PMCID: PMC11149630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L), encoded by FLT3LG, is a hematopoietic factor essential for the development of natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) in mice. We describe three humans homozygous for a loss-of-function FLT3LG variant with a history of various recurrent infections, including severe cutaneous warts. The patients' bone marrow (BM) was hypoplastic, with low levels of hematopoietic progenitors, particularly myeloid and B cell precursors. Counts of B cells, monocytes, and DCs were low in the patients' blood, whereas the other blood subsets, including NK cells, were affected only moderately, if at all. The patients had normal counts of Langerhans cells (LCs) and dermal macrophages in the skin but lacked dermal DCs. Thus, FLT3L is required for B cell and DC development in mice and humans. However, unlike its murine counterpart, human FLT3L is required for the development of monocytes but not NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Momenilandi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Romain Lévy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Steicy Sobrino
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation During Development, Paris Cité University, UMR1163 INSERM, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jingwei Li
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chantal Lagresle-Peyrou
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Hossein Esmaeilzadeh
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Antoine Fayand
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Corentin Le Floc'h
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Guérin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Della Mina
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Debra Shearer
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad Yatim
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Mulder
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Paris-Saclay University, Ile-de-France, France
| | - Mathieu Mancini
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adeline Denis
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, INSERM, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Lena Neehus
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Karla Balogh
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Brendle
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Hassan Rokni-Zadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Changi-Ashtiani
- School of Mathematics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yoann Seeleuthner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Boris Bessot
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Cassandre Cremades
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Marie Materna
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Axel Cederholm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Omer Beganovic
- Laboratoire d'Onco-hématologie, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mania Ackermann
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Margareta Wuyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sébastien Fouéré
- Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, CeGIDD, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Florian Herms
- Dermatology Department, Paris-Cité University, INSERM 976, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Johan Chanal
- Dermatology Department, Cochin Hospital, INSERM U1016, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Boaz Palterer
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Thierry J Molina
- Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Leclerc-Mercier
- Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- Papillomavirus National Reference Center, Besançon Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marine Luka
- Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Pérot
- Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Fourgeaud
- Paris Cité University, URP 7328 FETUS, Paris, France; Microbiology Department, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Céline Nourrisson
- Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM U1071, M2iSH, USC INRAE 1382, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 3IHP, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Clermont-Ferrand, France; National Reference Center for Cryptosporidiosis, Microsporidia and Other Digestive Protozoa, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM U1071, M2iSH, USC INRAE 1382, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 3IHP, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Clermont-Ferrand, France; National Reference Center for Cryptosporidiosis, Microsporidia and Other Digestive Protozoa, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil Christensen
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nils Landegren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nico Marr
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Emmanuelle Six
- Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Ouest, AP-HP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - David Langlais
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Paris-Saclay University, Ile-de-France, France
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Leuven University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jiafen Hu
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahrooei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Specialized Immunology Laboratory of Dr. Shahrooei, Tehran, Iran
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Terekhova M, Swain A, Bohacova P, Aladyeva E, Arthur L, Laha A, Mogilenko DA, Burdess S, Sukhov V, Kleverov D, Echalar B, Tsurinov P, Chernyatchik R, Husarcikova K, Artyomov MN. Single-cell atlas of healthy human blood unveils age-related loss of NKG2C +GZMB -CD8 + memory T cells and accumulation of type 2 memory T cells. Immunity 2023; 56:2836-2854.e9. [PMID: 37963457 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Extensive, large-scale single-cell profiling of healthy human blood at different ages is one of the critical pending tasks required to establish a framework for the systematic understanding of human aging. Here, using single-cell RNA/T cell receptor (TCR)/BCR-seq with protein feature barcoding, we profiled 317 samples from 166 healthy individuals aged 25-85 years old. From this, we generated a dataset from ∼2 million cells that described 55 subpopulations of blood immune cells. Twelve subpopulations changed with age, including the accumulation of GZMK+CD8+ T cells and HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells. In contrast to other T cell memory subsets, transcriptionally distinct NKG2C+GZMB-CD8+ T cells counterintuitively decreased with age. Furthermore, we found a concerted age-associated increase in type 2/interleukin (IL)4-expressing memory subpopulations across CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments (CCR4+CD8+ Tcm and Th2 CD4+ Tmem), suggesting a systematic functional shift in immune homeostasis with age. Our work provides novel insights into healthy human aging and a comprehensive annotated resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Terekhova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pavla Bohacova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ekaterina Aladyeva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Arthur
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anwesha Laha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Denis A Mogilenko
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Samantha Burdess
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Denis Kleverov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Barbora Echalar
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Petr Tsurinov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; JetBrains Research, 8021 Paphos, Cyprus
| | - Roman Chernyatchik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; JetBrains Research, 80639 Munich, Germany
| | - Kamila Husarcikova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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3
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Ravalet N, Guermouche H, Hirsch P, Picou F, Foucault A, Gallay N, Martignoles JA, Beaud J, Suner L, Deswarte C, Lachot S, Rault E, Largeaud L, Gissot V, Béné MC, Gyan E, Delhommeau F, Herault O. Modulation of bone marrow and peripheral blood cytokine levels by age and clonal hematopoiesis in healthy individuals. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109730. [PMID: 37562724 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with bone marrow (BM) inflammaging and, in some individuals, with the onset of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) of indeterminate potential. In this study conducted on 94 strictly healthy volunteers (18 to 80 yo), we measured BM and peripheral blood (PB) plasma levels of 49 hematopoietic and inflammatory cytokines. With aging, 7 cytokines increased in BM (FLT3L, CXCL9, HGF, FGF-2, CCL27, IL-16, IL-18) and 8 decreased (G-CSF, TNF, IL-2, IL-15, IL-17A, CCL7, IL-4, IL-10). In PB, 10 cytokines increased with age (CXCL9, FLT3L, CCL27, CXCL10, HGF, CCL11, IL-16, IL-6, IL-1 beta, CCL2). CH was associated with higher BM levels of MIF and IL-1 beta, lower BM levels of IL-9 and IL-5 and higher PB levels of IL-15, VEGF-A, IL-2, CXCL8, CXCL1 and G-CSF. These reference values provide a useful tool to investigate anomalies related to inflammaging and potentially leading to the onset of age-related myeloid malignancies or inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Ravalet
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Hélène Guermouche
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Hirsch
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Picou
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Amélie Foucault
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Gallay
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Alain Martignoles
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jenny Beaud
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Suner
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lachot
- Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rault
- Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France
| | - Laëtitia Largeaud
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Gissot
- INSERM CIC 1415, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Marie-Christine Béné
- Nantes University Hospital, Hematology Biology and INSERM CRCI2NA, Nantes, France; FHU GOAL "Grand Ouest Against Leukemia", Angers, France
| | - Emmanuel Gyan
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tours, France
| | - François Delhommeau
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France; OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France; CNRS GDR3697 Micronit "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Tours, France.
| | - Olivier Herault
- CNRS EMR 7001 LNOx "Leukemic niche and redox metabolism", EA7501 GICC, Tours, France; Tours University Hospital, Department of Biological Hematology, Tours, France; FHU GOAL "Grand Ouest Against Leukemia", Angers, France; OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France; CNRS GDR3697 Micronit "Microenvironment of tumor niches", Tours, France.
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4
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Hegewisch-Solloa E, Melsen JE, Ravichandran H, Rendeiro AF, Freud AG, Mundy-Bosse B, Melms JC, Eisman SE, Izar B, Grunstein E, Connors TJ, Elemento O, Horowitz A, Mace EM. Mapping human natural killer cell development in pediatric tonsil by imaging mass cytometry and high-resolution microscopy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.05.556371. [PMID: 37732282 PMCID: PMC10508773 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells develop from CD34+ progenitors in a stage-specific manner defined by changes in cell surface receptor expression and function. Secondary lymphoid tissues, including tonsil, are sites of human NK cell development. Here we present new insights into human NK cell development in pediatric tonsil using cyclic immunofluorescence and imaging mass cytometry. We show that NK cell subset localization and interactions are dependent on NK cell developmental stage and tissue residency. NK cell progenitors are found in the interfollicular domain in proximity to cytokine-expressing stromal cells that promote proliferation and maturation. Mature NK cells are primarily found in the T-cell rich parafollicular domain engaging in cell-cell interactions that differ depending on their stage and tissue residency. The presence of local inflammation results in changes in NK cell interactions, abundance, and localization. This study provides the first comprehensive atlas of human NK cell development in secondary lymphoid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Hegewisch-Solloa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
| | - Janine E Melsen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hiranmayi Ravichandran
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - André F Rendeiro
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Bethany Mundy-Bosse
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center and The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Shira E Eisman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Eli Grunstein
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10024
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Amir Horowitz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Precision Immunology Institute, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York NY 10032
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5
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Li X, Wang X, Guo L, Wu K, Wang L, Rao L, Liu X, Kang C, Jiang B, Li Q, Li H, He F, Lu C. Association between lipocalin-2 and mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based evidence. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101984. [PMID: 37330019 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between lipocalin-2 (LCN2) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia have gained growing interest. However, population-based studies have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, we conducted this essential systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze and summarize the existing population-based evidence. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched until Mar 18, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed to generate the standard mean difference (SMD) of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) LCN2. A qualitative review was performed to summarize the evidence from postmortem brain tissue studies. RESULTS In peripheral blood, the overall pooled results showed no significant difference in LCN2 across Alzheimer's disease (AD), MCI and control groups. Further subgroup analysis revealed higher serum LCN2 levels in AD compared to controls (SMD =1.28 [0.44;2.13], p = 0.003), while the difference remained insignificant in plasma (SMD =0.04 [-0.82;0.90], p = 0.931). Besides, peripheral blood LCN2 were higher in AD when age difference between AD and controls ≥ 4 years (SMD =1.21 [0.37;2.06], p = 0.005). In CSF, no differences were found in LCN2 across groups of AD, MCI and controls. However, CSF LCN2 was higher in vascular dementia (VaD) compared to controls (SMD =1.02 [0.17;1.87], p = 0.018), as well as compared to AD (SMD =1.19 [0.58;1.80], p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis supported that LCN2 was increased in the brain tissue of AD-related areas, especially in astrocytes and microglia; while LCN2 increased in infarct-related brain areas and over-expressed in astrocytes and macrophages in mixed dementia (MD). CONCLUSION The difference in peripheral blood LCN2 between AD and controls may be affected by the type of biofluid and age. No differences were found in CSF LCN2 across AD, MCI and controls groups. In contrast, CSF LCN2 was elevated in VaD patients. Moreover, LCN2 was increased in AD-related brain areas and cells in AD, while in infarcts-related brain areas and cells in MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Keying Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyao Kang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huling Li
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfen He
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Flt3 Signaling in B Lymphocyte Development and Humoral Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137289. [PMID: 35806293 PMCID: PMC9267047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Class III receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 and its ligand, the Flt3-ligand (FL), play an integral role in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of multipotent hematopoietic and lymphoid progenitors from which B cell precursors derive in bone marrow (BM). More recently, essential roles for Flt3 signaling in the regulation of peripheral B cell development and affinity maturation have come to light. Experimental findings derived from a multitude of mouse models have reinforced the importance of molecular and cellular regulation of Flt3 and FL in lymphohematopoiesis and adaptive immunity. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the knowledge regarding molecular and cellular regulation of Flt3/FL and the roles of Flt3 signaling in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activation, lymphoid development, BM B lymphopoiesis, and peripheral B cell development. Cumulatively, the literature has reinforced the importance of Flt3 signaling in B cell development and function. However, it has also identified gaps in the knowledge regarding Flt3-dependent developmental-stage specific gene regulatory circuits essential for steady-state B lymphopoiesis that will be the focus of future studies.
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7
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Powell RM, Peeters MJW, Rahbech A, Aehnlich P, Seremet T, thor Straten P. Small Molecule Inhibitors of MERTK and FLT3 Induce Cell Cycle Arrest in Human CD8 + T Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111294. [PMID: 34835225 PMCID: PMC8617686 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the development of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases inhibitors (RTKIs) for cancer treatment, as dysregulation of RTK expression can govern oncogenesis. Among the newer generations of RTKIs, many target Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MERTK) and Fms related RTK 3 (FLT3). Next to being overexpressed in many cancers, MERTK and FLT3 have important roles in immune cell development and function. In this study, we address how the new generation and potent RTKIs of MERTK/FLT3 affect human primary CD8+ T cell function. Using ex vivo T cell receptor (TCR)-activated CD8+ T cells, we demonstrate that use of dual MERTK/FLT3 inhibitor UNC2025 restricts CD8+ T proliferation at the G2 phase, at least in part by modulation of mTOR signaling. Cytokine production and activation remain largely unaffected. Finally, we show that activated CD8+ T cells express FLT3 from day two post activation, and FLT3 inhibition with AC220 (quizartinib) or siRNA-mediated knockdown affects cell cycle kinetics. These results signify that caution is needed when using potent RTKIs in the context of antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Powell
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (R.M.P.); (M.J.W.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Marlies J. W. Peeters
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (R.M.P.); (M.J.W.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Anne Rahbech
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (R.M.P.); (M.J.W.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Pia Aehnlich
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (R.M.P.); (M.J.W.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Tina Seremet
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (R.M.P.); (M.J.W.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Per thor Straten
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, University Hospital Herlev, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (R.M.P.); (M.J.W.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.); (T.S.)
- Inflammation and Cancer Group, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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8
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Wilson KR, Villadangos JA, Mintern JD. Dendritic cell Flt3 - regulation, roles and repercussions for immunotherapy. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:962-971. [PMID: 34097779 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for initiating immune responses. Depending on the environment, the type of DC and the way in which they interact with T cells, these immune responses can be beneficial or detrimental. DCs can be exploited as cellular vectors for vaccines against infection and cancer. The development and maintenance of DCs is dependent on the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3)/Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) signaling cascade. Flt3 is also one of the most commonly mutated genes in acute myeloid leukemia and as such represents an attractive drug target. In this review, Flt3 is discussed with a particular focus on DCs. We detail the lifecycle of Flt3, from transcription to degradation, and interrogate recent studies as to how this pathway can be manipulated for immunotherapy, vaccination and treatment of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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9
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Cueto FJ, Sancho D. The Flt3L/Flt3 Axis in Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1525. [PMID: 33810248 PMCID: PMC8037622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) prime anti-tumor T cell responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes and can restimulate T effector responses in the tumor site. Thus, in addition to unleashing T cell effector activity, current immunotherapies should be directed to boost DC function. Herein, we review the potential function of Flt3L as a tool for cancer immunotherapy. Flt3L is a growth factor that acts in Flt3-expressing multipotent progenitors and common lymphoid progenitors. Despite the broad expression of Flt3 in the hematopoietic progenitors, the main effect of the Flt3/Flt3L axis, revealed by the characterization of mice deficient in these genes, is the generation of conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). However, Flt3 signaling through PI3K and mTOR may also affect the function of mature DCs. We recapitulate the use of Flt3L in preclinical studies either as a single agent or in combination with other cancer therapies. We also analyze the use of Flt3L in clinical trials. The strong correlation between type 1 cDC (cDC1) infiltration of human cancers with overall survival in many cancer types suggests the potential use of Flt3L to boost expansion of this DC subset. However, this may need the combination of Flt3L with other immunomodulatory agents to boost cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Cueto
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Han JM, Sohng JK, Lee WH, Oh TJ, Jung HJ. Identification of Cyclophilin A as a Potential Anticancer Target of Novel Nargenicin A1 Analog in AGS Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052473. [PMID: 33804393 PMCID: PMC7957809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently discovered a novel nargenicin A1 analog, 23-demethyl 8,13-deoxynargenicin (compound 9), with potential anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic activities against human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells. To identify the key molecular targets of compound 9, that are responsible for its biological activities, the changes in proteome expression in AGS cells following compound 9 treatment were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), followed by MALDI/TOF/MS. Analyses using chemical proteomics and western blotting revealed that compound 9 treatment significantly suppressed the expression of cyclophilin A (CypA), a member of the immunophilin family. Furthermore, compound 9 downregulated CD147-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) by inhibiting the expression of CD147, the cellular receptor of CypA. Notably, the responses of AGS cells to CypA knockdown were significantly correlated with the anticancer and antiangiogenic effects of compound 9. CypA siRNAs reduced the expression of CD147 and phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2. In addition, the suppressive effects of CypA siRNAs on proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis induction of AGS cells were associated with G2/M cell cycle arrest, caspase-mediated apoptosis, inhibition of MMP-9 and MMP-2 expression, inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. The specific interaction between compound 9 and CypA was also confirmed using the drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) approaches. Moreover, in silico docking analysis revealed that the structure of compound 9 was a good fit for the cyclosporin A binding cavity of CypA. Collectively, these findings provide a novel molecular basis for compound 9-mediated suppression of gastric cancer progression through the targeting of CypA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Mi Han
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.M.H.); (J.K.S.); (W.-H.L.); (T.-J.O.)
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.M.H.); (J.K.S.); (W.-H.L.); (T.-J.O.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Woo-Haeng Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.M.H.); (J.K.S.); (W.-H.L.); (T.-J.O.)
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.M.H.); (J.K.S.); (W.-H.L.); (T.-J.O.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan 31460, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.M.H.); (J.K.S.); (W.-H.L.); (T.-J.O.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Korea
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan 31460, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-2354; Fax: +82-41-530-2939
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11
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Miller C, Powers J, Musselman E, Mackie R, Elder J, VandeWoude S. Immunopathologic Effects of Prednisolone and Cyclosporine A on Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Replication and Persistence. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090805. [PMID: 31480322 PMCID: PMC6783960 DOI: 10.3390/v11090805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) induces opportunistic disease in chronically infected cats, and both prednisolone and cyclosporine A (CsA) are clinically used to treat complications such as lymphoma and stomatitis. However, the impact of these compounds on FIV infection are still unknown and understanding immunomodulatory effects on FIV replication and persistence is critical to guide safe and effective therapies. To determine the immunologic and virologic effects of prednisolone and CsA during FIV infection, FIV-positive cats were administered immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone (2 mg/kg) or CsA (5 mg/kg). Both prednisolone and CsA induced acute and transient increases in FIV DNA and RNA loads as detected by quantitative PCR. Changes in the proportion of lymphocyte immunophenotypes were also observed between FIV-infected and naïve cats treated with CsA and prednisolone, and both treatments caused acute increases in CD4+ lymphocytes that correlated with increased FIV RNA. CsA and prednisolone also produced alterations in cytokine expression that favored a shift toward a Th2 response. Pre-treatment with CsA slightly enhanced the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy but did not enhance clearance of FIV. Results highlight the potential for drug-induced perturbation of FIV infection and underscore the need for more information regarding immunopathologic consequences of therapeutic agents on concurrent viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Miller
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Jordan Powers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Esther Musselman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ryan Mackie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - John Elder
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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12
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Moutuou MM, Pagé G, Zaid I, Lesage S, Guimond M. Restoring T Cell Homeostasis After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation; Principal Limitations and Future Challenges. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1237. [PMID: 29967605 PMCID: PMC6015883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For several leukemia patients, allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allogeneic-SCT) is the unique therapeutic modality that could potentially cure their disease. Despite significant progress made in clinical management of allogeneic-SCT, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and infectious complications remain the second and third cause of death after disease recurrence. Clinical options to restore immunocompetence after allogeneic-SCT are very limited as studies have raised awareness about the safety with regards to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Preclinical works are now focusing on strategies to improve thymic functions and to restore the peripheral niche that have been damaged by alloreactive T cells. In this mini review, we will provide a brief overview about the adverse effects of GVHD on the thymus and the peripheral niche and the resulting negative outcome on peripheral T cell homeostasis. Finally, we will discuss the potential relevance of coordinating our studies on thymic rejuvenation and improvement of the peripheral lymphoid niche to achieve optimal T cell regeneration in GVHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutuaata M Moutuou
- Division d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Pagé
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Intesar Zaid
- Division d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Division d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Guimond
- Division d'Hématologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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13
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Tornack J, Kawano Y, Garbi N, Hämmerling GJ, Melchers F, Tsuneto M. Flt3 ligand-eGFP-reporter expression characterizes functionally distinct subpopulations of CD150+long-term repopulating murine hematopoietic stem cells. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1477-1487. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tornack
- Senior Group Lymphocyte Development; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
| | - Yohei Kawano
- Senior Group Lymphocyte Development; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Division of Molecular Immunology; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Günter J. Hämmerling
- Division of Molecular Immunology; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Senior Group Lymphocyte Development; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
| | - Motokazu Tsuneto
- Senior Group Lymphocyte Development; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology; Berlin Germany
- Reproductive Centre; Mio Fertility Clinic; Tottori Japan
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14
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Sánchez JA, Alfonso A, Rodriguez I, Alonso E, Cifuentes JM, Bermudez R, Rateb ME, Jaspars M, Houssen WE, Ebel R, Tabudravu J, Botana LM. Spongionella Secondary Metabolites, Promising Modulators of Immune Response through CD147 Receptor Modulation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:452. [PMID: 27822214 PMCID: PMC5075563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of the immune system can have multiple applications such as cancer treatment, and a wide type of processes involving inflammation where the potent chemotactic agent cyclophilin A (Cyp A) is implicated. The Porifera phylum, in which Spongionella is encompassed, is the main producer of marine bioactive compounds. Four secondary metabolites obtained from Spongionella (Gracilin H, A, L, and Tetrahydroaplysulphurin-1) were described to hit Cyp A and to block the release of inflammation mediators. Based on these results, some role of Spongionella compounds on other steps of the signaling pathway mediated by this chemotactic agent can be hypothesized. In the present paper, we studied the effect of these four compounds on the surface membrane CD147 receptor expression, on the extracellular levels of Cyp A and on the ability to migrate of concanavalin (Con A)-activated T lymphocytes. Similar to a well-known immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CsA), Gracilin H, A, L, and tetrahydroaplysulphurin-1 were able to reduce the CD147 membrane expression and to block the release of Cyp A to the medium. Besides, by using Cyp A as chemotactic agent, T cell migration was inhibited when cells were previously incubated with Gracilin A and Gracilin L. These positive results lead us to test the in vivo effect of Gracilin H and L in a mouse ear delayed hypersensitive reaction. Thus, both compounds efficiently reduce the ear swelling as well as the inflammatory cell infiltration. These results provide more evidences for their potential therapeutic application in immune-related diseases of Spongionella compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Andoni Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - Ines Rodriguez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - José Manuel Cifuentes
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - Roberto Bermudez
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
| | - Mostafa E Rateb
- Department of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Department of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, Scotland , UK
| | - Wael E Houssen
- Department of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Rainer Ebel
- Department of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, Scotland , UK
| | - Jioji Tabudravu
- Department of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, Scotland , UK
| | - Luís M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo , Spain
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Muppidi MR, Portwood S, Griffiths EA, Thompson JE, Ford LA, Freyer CW, Wetzler M, Wang ES. Decitabine and Sorafenib Therapy in FLT-3 ITD-Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 15 Suppl:S73-9. [PMID: 26297284 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by Feline McDonough Sarcoma-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT-3) internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations have poor outcomes. Treatment options are limited, because these mutations confer resistance to conventional chemotherapy. FLT-3 inhibitors such as sorafenib have been studied as a single agent and in combination with conventional chemotherapy or azacytidine with fair responses. PATIENTS AND METHODS Here we describe our preclinical and clinical experience with the combination of the DNA hypomethylating agent, decitabine and sorafenib for the treatment of FLT-3 ITD-mutant AML. RESULTS In vitro treatment of the human FLT-3 ITD-mutant AML cell line, MV4-11, with both drugs significantly improved growth inhibition over single-agent therapy and resulted in synergistic antitumor effects (combination index < 1). A case series of 6 patients treated with off protocol combination of decitabine and sorafenib demonstrated overall responses in 5 patients (83%) with a median survival of 155 days. Four of the 5 patients (80%) with relapsed/refractory AML achieved complete responses with incomplete count recovery. The combination was also well tolerated. CONCLUSION Further investigation is warranted to confirm these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Muppidi
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Scott Portwood
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Elizabeth A Griffiths
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - James E Thompson
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Laurie A Ford
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Craig W Freyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Meir Wetzler
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Eunice S Wang
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
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16
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Gill H, Leung AYH, Kwong YL. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Implications on Targeted Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:440. [PMID: 27023522 PMCID: PMC4848896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by cytopenia, ineffective hematopoiesis, and progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia in high-risk cases. Conventional prognostication relies on clinicopathological parameters supplemented by cytogenetic information. However, recent studies have shown that genetic aberrations also have critical impacts on treatment outcome. Moreover, these genetic alterations may themselves be a target for treatment. The mutation landscape in MDS is shaped by gene aberrations involved in DNA methylation (TET2, DNMT3A, IDH1/2), histone modification (ASXL1, EZH2), the RNA splicing machinery (SF3B1, SRSF2, ZRSR2, U2AF1/2), transcription (RUNX1, TP53, BCOR, PHF6, NCOR, CEBPA, GATA2), tyrosine kinase receptor signaling (JAK2, MPL, FLT3, GNAS, KIT), RAS pathways (KRAS, NRAS, CBL, NF1, PTPN11), DNA repair (ATM, BRCC3, DLRE1C, FANCL), and cohesion complexes (STAG2, CTCF, SMC1A, RAD21). A detailed understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to transformation is critical for designing single-agent or combinatorial approaches in target therapy of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Gill
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Yok-Lam Kwong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Gill H, Leung AYH, Kwong YL. Molecularly targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Future Oncol 2016; 12:827-38. [PMID: 26828965 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is molecularly heterogeneous. Formerly categorized cytogenetically and molecularly, AML may be classified by genomic and epigenomic analyses. These genetic lesions provide therapeutic targets. Genes targeted currently include mutated FLT3, NPM1 and KIT with drugs entering Phase III trials. Complete remission can be achieved in relapsed/refractory AML, albeit mostly transient. Mutated epigenetic modifiers, including DNMT3A, IDH1/2 and TET2, can be targeted by small molecule inhibitors, hypomethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Other agents include cellular signaling pathway inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies against myeloid-associated antigens. Combinatorial strategies appear logical, mostly involving smaller molecular inhibitors partnering with hypomethylating agents. Currently limited to relapsed/refractory AML, targeted therapies are increasingly tested in frontline treatment with or without standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Gill
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Yok-Lam Kwong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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18
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Gauthier SD, Leboeuf D, Manuguerra-Gagné R, Gaboury L, Guimond M. Stromal-Derived Factor-1α and Interleukin-7 Treatment Improves Homeostatic Proliferation of Naïve CD4(+) T Cells after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 21:1721-31. [PMID: 26151303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) impairs immune reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and effective therapies aimed at restoring T cell counts in GVHD patients have yet to be developed. During GVHD, CD4(+) T cell reconstitution is particularly affected and current models hold that GVHD insult to the peripheral lymphoid niche is responsible for this effect. Here, we show that naïve CD4(+) T cell homeostatic proliferation (HP) is lost during GVHD because of low systemic IL-7 and impaired dendritic cell (DC) regeneration. We assessed factors involved in DC differentiation and found that although fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-L) levels were normal, stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) was diminished in the blood of GVHD mice. Unlike Flt3-L treatment, the administration of SDF-1α specifically increased CD8α(+) DC numbers and did not worsen GVHD. Importantly, CD4(+) T cell HP was enhanced only when IL-7 and SDF-1α or Flt3L were coadministered, confirming the crucial role of DCs and IL-7 in restoring CD4(+) T cell regeneration during GVHD. Altogether, our results indicate that CD8α(+) DCs are part of the peripheral niche that controls CD4(+) T cell HP and that their depletion, combined with low systemic IL-7, explains how GVHD constrains naïve CD4(+) T cell reconstitution after allo-SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon-David Gauthier
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Leboeuf
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Renaud Manuguerra-Gagné
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Gaboury
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Guimond
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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19
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Ramos MI, Perez SG, Aarrass S, Helder B, Broekstra P, Gerlag DM, Reedquist KA, Tak PP, Lebre MC. FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L)/CD135 axis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:R209. [PMID: 24314260 PMCID: PMC3978611 DOI: 10.1186/ar4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L)/CD135 axis plays a fundamental role in proliferation and differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs). As DCs play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) immunopathology we studied in detail the Flt3L/CD135 axis in RA patients. METHODS The levels of Flt3L in (paired) serum and synovial fluid (SF) were quantified by enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of Flt3L and CD135 in paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) was quantified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The expression of Flt3L, CD135 and TNF-Converting Enzyme (TACE) in synovial tissues (STs) and in vitro polarized macrophages and monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). CD135 ST expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and TACE ST expression was assessed by immunofluorescence. Flt3L serum levels were assessed in RA patients treated with oral prednisolone or adalimumab. RESULTS Flt3L levels in RA serum, SF and ST were significantly elevated compared to gout patients and healthy individuals (HI). RA SF monocytes, natural killer cells and DCs expressed high levels of Flt3L and CD135 compared to HI. RA ST CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages, CD55+ fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), CD31+ endothelial cells or infiltrating monocytes and CD19+ B cells co-expressed TACE. IFN-γ-differentiated macrophages expressed higher levels of Flt3L compared to other polarized macrophages. Importantly, Flt3L serum levels were reduced by effective therapy. CONCLUSIONS The Flt3L/CD135 axis is active in RA patients and is responsive to both prednisolone and adalimumab treatment. Conceivably, this ligand receptor pair represents a novel therapeutic target.
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20
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Scheffler JM, Sparber F, Tripp CH, Herrmann C, Humenberger A, Blitz J, Romani N, Stoitzner P, Huber LA. LAMTOR2 regulates dendritic cell homeostasis through FLT3-dependent mTOR signalling. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5138. [PMID: 25336251 PMCID: PMC4220488 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 and its ligand are crucial for dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis by activating downstream effectors including mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signalling. LAMTOR2 is a member of the Ragulator/LAMTOR complex known to regulate mTOR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation on the late endosome as well as endosomal biogenesis. Here we show in mice that conditional ablation of LAMTOR2 in DCs results in a severe disturbance of the DC compartment caused by accumulation of Flt3 on the cell surface. This results in an increased downstream activation of the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and subsequently to a massive expansion of conventional DCs and plasmacytoid DCs in ageing mice. Finally, we can revert the symptoms in vivo by inhibiting the activation of Flt3 and its downstream target mTOR. LAMTOR2 is involved in mTOR and ERK signalling and plays a role in immunity, but its function in dendritic cells (DCs) is not clear. Here the authors show that deletion of LAMTOR2 in DCs results in increased mTOR signalling, accumulation of Flt3 on the cell surface and excessive DC proliferation in ageing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Scheffler
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A6020, Austria
| | - Florian Sparber
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A6020, Austria
| | - Christoph H Tripp
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A6020, Austria
| | - Caroline Herrmann
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A6020, Austria
| | | | - Johanna Blitz
- Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A6020, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A6020, Austria
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A6020, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- 1] Biocenter, Division of Cell Biology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A6020, Austria [2] Austrian Drug Screening Institute (ADSI), Innsbruck A6020, Austria
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Approximately 23% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients younger than 60 years of age carry a mutation in the transmembrane domain of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) gene (FLT3/internal tandem duplications [ITD]). In normal karyotype AML, the presence of a FLT3/ITD mutation is associated with poor prognosis, as mirrored by a high risk of relapse even after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The poor prognostic impact along with the observation that FLT3 is frequently overexpressed in the majority of AML cases has formed the platform for the development of FLT3-targeted strategies. To date, several FLT3 kinase inhibitors have been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. However, as of yet, none of the studied FLT3 inhibitors has received FDA approval for routine clinical use in AML. This is in part due to the 'off target' effects observed with most inhibitors when administered at concentrations needed to achieve sustained levels of FLT3 inhibition, which are required to exhibit substantial cytotoxic effects against leukemic blasts. Furthermore, the development of resistance mutations has emerged as a clinical issue posing a threat to successful FLT3 inhibitor therapy. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors provide a brief summary of FLT3 inhibitors investigated thus far, and discuss current treatment approaches and strategies how to best incorporate FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) into therapy. EXPERT OPINION The combination of a FLT3 inhibitor with conventional chemotherapeutic regimens, epigenetic modifiers or inhibitors of FLT3 downstream and collateral effectors has emerged as a promising strategy to improve treatment outcome. The future of a tailored, molecular-based treatment approach for FLT3-mutated AML demands novel clinical trial concepts based on harmonized and aligned research goals between clinical and research centers and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Konig
- Johns Hopkins University, Medical Oncology , 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD , USA
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22
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Cyclophilin A: a key player for human disease. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e888. [PMID: 24176846 PMCID: PMC3920964 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a ubiquitously distributed protein belonging to the immunophilin family. CyPA has peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity, which regulates protein folding and trafficking. Although CyPA was initially believed to function primarily as an intracellular protein, recent studies have revealed that it can be secreted by cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. Current research in animal models and humans has provided compelling evidences supporting the critical function of CyPA in several human diseases. This review discusses recently available data about CyPA in cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, neurodegeneration, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, asthma, periodontitis and aging. It is believed that further elucidations of the role of CyPA will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases and will help develop novel pharmacological therapies.
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23
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Andersson SEM, Svensson MND, Erlandsson MC, Dehlin M, Andersson KME, Bokarewa MI. Activation of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 signaling enhances survivin expression in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47668. [PMID: 23082191 PMCID: PMC3474718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is known as an inhibitor of apoptosis and a positive regulator of cell division. We have recently identified survivin as a predictor of joint destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) is expressed in the inflamed joints and has adjuvant properties in arthritis. Studies on 90 RA patients (median age 60.5 years [range, 24–87], disease duration 10.5 years [range, 0–35]) show a strong positive association between the levels of survivin and Flt3L in blood. Here, we present experimental evidence connecting survivin and Flt3L signaling. Treatment of BALB/c mice with Flt3L led to an increase of survivin in the bone marrow and in splenic dendritic cells. Flt3L changed the profile of survivin splice variants, increasing transcription of the short survivin40 in the bone marrow. Treatment with an Flt3 inhibitor reduced total survivin expression in bone marrow and in the dendritic cell population in spleen. Inhibition of survivin transcription in mice, by shRNA lentiviral constructs, reduced the gene expression of Flt3L. We conclude that expression of survivin is a downstream event of Flt3 signaling, which serves as an essential mechanism supporting survival of leukocytes during their differentiation, and maturation of dendritic cells, in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia E M Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Miloud T, Fiegler N, Suffner J, Hämmerling GJ, Garbi N. Organ-specific cellular requirements for in vivo dendritic cell generation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:1125-35. [PMID: 22198954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) precursors seed peripheral organs, where they encounter diverse cellular environments during their final differentiation into DCs. Flt3 ligand (Flt3-L) is critical for instructing DC generation throughout different organs. However, it remains unknown which cells produce Flt3-L and, importantly, which cellular source drives DC development in such a variety of organs. Using a novel BAC transgenic Flt3-L reporter mouse strain coexpressing enhanced GFP and luciferase, we show ubiquitous Flt3-L expression in organs and cell types. These results were further confirmed at the protein level. Although Flt3-L was produced by immune and nonimmune cells, the source required for development of the DC compartment clearly differed among organs. In lymphoid organs such as the spleen and bone marrow, Flt3-L production by hemopoietic cells was critical for generation of normal DC numbers. This was unexpected for the spleen because both immune and nonimmune cells equally contributed to the Flt3-L content in that organ. Thus, localized production rather than the total tissue content of Flt3-L in spleen dictated normal splenic DC development. No differences were observed in the number of DC precursors, suggesting that the immune source of Flt3-L promoted pre-cDC differentiation in spleen. In contrast, DC generation in the lung, kidney, and pancreas was mostly driven by nonhematopoietic cells producing Flt3-L, with little contribution by immune cells. These findings demonstrate a high degree of flexibility in Flt3-L-dependent DC generation to adapt this process to organ-specific cellular environments encountered by DC precursors during their final differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewfik Miloud
- Division of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 60120, Germany
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25
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Cell adhesion-dependent membrane trafficking of a binding partner for the ebolavirus glycoprotein is a determinant of viral entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:16637-42. [PMID: 20817853 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1008509107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus is a hemorrhagic fever virus associated with high mortality. Although much has been learned about the viral lifecycle and pathogenesis, many questions remain about virus entry. We recently showed that binding of the receptor binding region (RBR) of the ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP) and infection by GP pseudovirions increase on cell adhesion independently of mRNA or protein synthesis. One model to explain these observations is that, on cell adhesion, an RBR binding partner translocates from an intracellular vesicle to the cell surface. Here, we provide evidence for this model by showing that suspension 293F cells contain an RBR binding site within a membrane-bound compartment associated with the trans-Golgi network and microtubule-organizing center. Consistently, trafficking of the RBR binding partner to the cell surface depends on microtubules, and the RBR binding partner is internalized when adherent cells are placed in suspension. Based on these observations, we reexamined the claim that lymphocytes, which are critical for ebolavirus pathogenesis, are refractory to infection because they lack an RBR binding partner. We found that both cultured and primary human lymphocytes (in suspension) contain an intracellular pool of an RBR binding partner. Moreover, we identified two adherent primate lymphocytic cell lines that bind RBR at their surface and strikingly, support GP-mediated entry and infection. In summary, our results reveal a mode of determining viral entry by a membrane-trafficking event that translocates an RBR binding partner to the cell surface, and they suggest that this process may be operative in cells important for ebolavirus pathogenesis (e.g., lymphocytes and macrophages).
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Kenins L, Gill JW, Holländer GA, Wodnar-Filipowicz A. Flt3 ligand-receptor interaction is important for maintenance of early thymic progenitor numbers in steady-state thymopoiesis. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:81-90. [PMID: 19830725 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200839213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
T-cell production throughout life depends on efficient colonization and intrathymic expansion of BM-derived hematopoietic precursors. After irradiation-induced thymic damage, thymic recovery is facilitated by Flt3 ligand (FL), expressed by perivascular fibroblasts surrounding the thymic entry site of Flt3 receptor-positive progenitor cells. Whether intrathymic FL-Flt3 interactions play a role in steady-state replenishment of T cells remains unknown. Here, using competitive BM transplantation studies and fetal thymic organ cultures we demonstrated the continued numerical advantage of Flt3+ intrathymic T-cell precursors. Sub-kidney capsule thymic transplantation experiments, in which WT and FL-/- thymic lobes were grafted into FL-/- recipients, revealed that FL expression by the thymic microenvironment plays a role in steady-state thymopoiesis. The deficiency of the most immature thymic T-cell precursors correlated to upregulation of FL by thymic MTS15+ fibroblasts, suggesting that the number of Flt3+ progenitor cells may regulate the thymic expression of this cytokine. Together, these results show that FL expression by thymic stromal fibroblasts interacting with Flt3+ T-cell progenitors is important for the physiological maintenance of early T-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kenins
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Liu X, Zuo Y, Zhang W, Yang D, Xiong C, Zhang X. Expression of interleukin-15 and its receptor on the surface of stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:527-34. [PMID: 19821081 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-009-0501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) is an important cytokine to activate endothelial cells and can be regulated by many other cytokines. The aim of this study is to examine the ability of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to induce the production of human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) and IL-15 receptor (IL-15Ralpha) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The data are summarized as follows: 1. Northern blot revealed that IL-15 mRNA was up-regulated by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. 2. Intracellular IL-15 protein was visualized by fluorescence microscopy, whereas the expression of IL-15 on the surface of HUVECs was detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and no detectable IL-15 in the medium was verified by ELISA. 3. IL-15Ralpha was detected on the surface of HUVECs by FACS after IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulation, whereas Western blotting revealed that the elevated expression on surface IL-15Ralpha was not due to the increased protein expression. The conclusion demonstrated from our results is that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha play an important role in regulating the expression of IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha on the surface of HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Bertho JM, Demarquay C, Mouiseddine M, Douenat N, Stefani J, Prat M, Paquet F. Bone marrow stromal cells spontaneously produce Flt3-ligand: Influence of ionizing radiations and cytokine stimulation. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 84:659-67. [DOI: 10.1080/09553000802029928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Horiuchi K, Morioka H, Takaishi H, Akiyama H, Blobel CP, Toyama Y. Ectodomain shedding of FLT3 ligand is mediated by TNF-alpha converting enzyme. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7408-14. [PMID: 19494263 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FLT3 ligand (FLT3L) has diverse roles in the hematopoietic system, which include stimulating proliferation of hematopoietic precursors and development of NK cells and dendritic cells. FLT3L is initially synthesized as a membrane-bound protein, which must be cleaved to become a soluble growth factor. However, little is known about the enzyme involved in the proteolytic release of FLT3L. In the current study, we show that shedding of FLT3L is metalloprotease-dependent, and that this proteolytic activity was abolished in fibroblasts lacking TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) and could be rescued by reintroducing wild-type TACE in these cells. Moreover, we found that cells derived from the thymus of conditional TACE-deficient mice produce less FLT3L, and that serum FLT3L levels in these TACE mutant mice are significantly lower, both after LPS treatment and in the absence of such a challenge, further corroborating the relevance of TACE as FLT3L sheddase in vivo. Considering the involvements of FLT3 and FLT3L in hematopoietic malignancies and stem cell mobilization, the identification of the enzyme involved in FLT3L shedding may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Anti-aging Orthopedic Research, Keio University, School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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FLT3 receptor and ligand are dispensable for maintenance and posttransplantation expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2009; 113:3453-60. [PMID: 19188666 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-08-174060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally cloned from hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations and its ligand being extensively used to promote ex vivo HSC expansion, the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3; also called FLK2) receptor and its ligand (FL) were expected to emerge as an important physiologic regulator of HSC maintenance and expansion. However, the role of FLT3 receptor and ligand in HSC regulation remains unclear and disputed. Herein, using Fl-deficient mice, we establish for the first time that HSC expansion in fetal liver and after transplantation is FL independent. Because previous findings in Flk2(-/-) mice were compatible with an important role of FLT3 receptor in HSC regulation and because alternative ligands might potentially interact directly or indirectly with FLT3 receptor, we here also characterized HSCs in Flk2(-/-) mice. Advanced phenotypic as well as functional evaluation of Flk2(-/-) HSCs showed that the FLT3 receptor is dispensable for HSC steady-state maintenance and expansion after transplantation. Taken together, these studies show that the FLT3 receptor and ligand are not critical regulators of mouse HSCs, neither in steady state nor during fetal or posttransplantation expansion.
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31
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Mehra MR, Kobashigawa JA, Deng MC, Fang KC, Klingler TM, Lal PG, Rosenberg S, Uber PA, Starling RC, Murali S, Pauly DF, Dedrick R, Walker MG, Zeevi A, Eisen HJ. Transcriptional signals of T-cell and corticosteroid-sensitive genes are associated with future acute cellular rejection in cardiac allografts. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007; 26:1255-63. [PMID: 18096476 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profiling mRNA levels of 11 informative genes expressed by circulating immune effector cells identifies cardiac allograft recipients at low risk for current moderate-severe acute cellular rejection (ACR). METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study of 104 cardiac allograft recipients to investigate the association of transcriptional profiles of blood samples with either a future rejection episode within 12 weeks of a baseline clinical sample or persistent histologic quiescence for the same time period. RESULTS The transcription profile yielded a score (0 to 40 scale) of 27.4 +/- 6.3 for future rejectors (n = 39) and 23.9 +/- 7.1 for controls (n = 65) (p = 0.01). In patients who were <or=180 days post-transplant, the gene expression score was 28.4 +/- 4.9 for rejectors (n = 28) and 22.4 +/- 7.5 for controls (n = 48) (p < 0.001). In this period, no samples from patients who went on to reject within 12 weeks had gene expression scores of <20. Differential expression of the gene IL1R2 was significantly associated with future events. Of 33 additional genes profiled, 5 supported corticosteroid-sensitive constituents (IL1R2 and FLT3), whereas 6 supported T-cell activation (PDCD1). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that pathways regulating T-cell homeostasis and corticosteroid sensitivity are associated with future ACR in cardiac allografts and suggest that these signals are evident before histologically detectable rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep R Mehra
- Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
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32
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Clinical stem-cell sources contain CD8+CD3+ T-cell receptor-negative cells that facilitate bone marrow repopulation with hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2007; 111:1735-8. [PMID: 17984314 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-076000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation implicate the involvement of CD8(+) cells in promoting the stem-cell engraftment process. These findings are supported by mouse transplant studies, which attributed the engraftment-facilitating function to subpopulations of murine CD8(+) cells, but the analogous cells in humans have not been identified. Here, we report that clinical stem-cell grafts contain a population of CD8alpha(+)CD3epsilon(+) T-cell receptor- negative cells with an engraftment facilitating function, named candidate facilitating cells (cFCs). Purified cFC augmented human hematopoiesis in NOD/SCID mice receiving suboptimal doses of human CD34(+) cells. In vitro, cFCs cocultured with CD34(+) cells increased hematopoietic colony formation, suggesting a direct effect on clonogenic precursors. These results provide evidence for the existence of rare human CD8(+)CD3(+)TCR(-) cells with engraftment facilitating properties, the adoptive transfer of which could improve the therapeutic outcome of stem-cell transplantation.
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33
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Sun A, Wei H, Sun R, Xiao W, Yang Y, Tian Z. Human interleukin-15 improves engraftment of human T cells in NOD-SCID mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2006; 13:227-34. [PMID: 16467330 PMCID: PMC1391933 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.13.2.227-234.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human nonobese diabetic-severe combined immune deficiency (NOD-SCID) mouse chimeras have been widely used as an in vivo model to assess human immune function. However, only a small fraction of transferred human T lymphocytes can be detected in human peripheral blood lymphocyte (huPBL)-NOD-SCID chimeras. To improve the reconstitution of human T lymphocytes in NOD-SCID mice, the use of recombinant human interleukin-15 (rhIL-15) as a stimulator of human lymphocytes was explored. Administration of rhIL-15 after transplantation of huPBLs into NOD-SCID mice increased reconstitution of human T lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with an optimal dosage of 1 microg/mouse. The number of human T lymphocytes (HLA-ABC+ CD3+) in the lymphoid organs or tissue of rhIL-15-treated huPBL-NOD-SCID mice increased 11- to 80-fold, and phytohemagglutinin-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were significantly enhanced. Additionally, although mature human cells have not been thought to enter the murine thymus, human T lymphocytes were detected in the huPBL-NOD-SCID thymus after rhIL-15 treatment. Thus, rhIL-15 can be used to optimize long-term peripheral T-cell engraftment in these human-mouse chimeras and may also be useful in clinical treatment of T-cell deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyuan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei City, Anhui 230027, China, and Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02129, USA
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34
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Yurchenko V, Constant S, Bukrinsky M. Dealing with the family: CD147 interactions with cyclophilins. Immunology 2006; 117:301-9. [PMID: 16476049 PMCID: PMC1782239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD147 is a widely expressed plasma membrane protein that has been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological activities. It is best known for its ability to function as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (hence the other name for this protein, EMMPRIN), but has also been shown to regulate lymphocyte responsiveness, monocarboxylate transporter expression and spermatogenesis. These functions reflect multiple interacting partners of CD147. Recently, interaction of CD147 with proteins of the cyclophilin family has been demonstrated and activity of CD147 as a signalling receptor to extracellular cyclophilins A and B has been shown. Given that extracellular cyclophilins are potent chemotactic agents for various immune cells, further studies of the role of cyclophilin-CD147 interaction in inflammation followed. They demonstrated that agents targeting CD147 or cyclophilin had a significant anti-inflammatory effect in animal models of acute or chronic lung diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we review the current knowledge about interactions between CD147 and cyclophilins.
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35
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Pushkarsky T, Yurchenko V, Vanpouille C, Brichacek B, Vaisman I, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama KI, Sherry B, Bukrinsky MI. Cell surface expression of CD147/EMMPRIN is regulated by cyclophilin 60. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:27866-71. [PMID: 15946952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503770200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD147, also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a regulator of matrix metalloproteinase production and also serves as a signaling receptor for extracellular cyclophilins. Previously, we demonstrated that cell surface expression of CD147 is sensitive to cyclophilin-binding drug cyclosporin A, suggesting involvement of a cyclophilin in the regulation of intracellular transport of CD147. In this report, we identify this cyclophilin as cyclophilin 60 (Cyp60), a distinct member of the cyclophilin family of proteins. CD147 co-immunoprecipitated with Cyp60, and confocal immunofluorescent microscopy revealed intracellular co-localization of Cyp60 and CD147. This interaction with Cyp60 involved proline 211 of CD147, which was shown previously to be critical for interaction between CD147 and another cyclophilin, cyclophilin A, in solution. Mutation of this proline residue abrogated co-immunoprecipitation of CD147 and Cyp60 and reduced surface expression of CD147 on the plasma membrane. Suppression of Cyp60 expression using RNA interference had an effect similar to that of cyclosporin A: reduction of cell surface expression of CD147. These results suggest that Cyp60 plays an important role in the translocation of CD147 to the cell surface. Therefore, Cyp60 may present a novel target for therapeutic interventions in diseases where CD147 functions as a pathogenic factor, such as cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection, or rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pushkarsky
- The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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36
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Prat M, Demarquay C, Frick J, Thierry D, Gorin NC, Bertho JM. Radiation-induced increase in plasma Flt3 ligand concentration in mice: evidence for the implication of several cell types. Radiat Res 2005; 163:408-17. [PMID: 15799697 DOI: 10.1667/rr3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Circulating T lymphocytes were proposed as the main producer of Flt3 ligand. However, during aplasia, there is a drastic reduction in the number of T lymphocytes, while plasma Flt3 ligand concentration is increased. This contradiction prompted us to compare variations in plasma Flt3 ligand during radiation-induced aplasia in BALB/c mice and in T-lymphocyte-deficient NOD-SCID mice to delineate the role of T lymphocytes in the increase in Flt3 ligand concentration. The results showed that plasma Flt3 ligand concentration was increased similarly in the two strains of mice, and that Flt3 ligand concentration was negatively correlated to the number of residual hematopoietic progenitors. Moreover, the Flt3 ligand mRNA expression and Flt3 ligand protein concentration were similar in the two strains of mice in all organs tested, i.e. thymus, spleen, bone marrow, liver, brain and blood cells. These results confirm that Flt3 ligand concentration in the blood is a reflection of bone marrow function and that T lymphocytes are not the main regulator of Flt3 ligand variations during aplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Prat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, DRPH/SRBE, Fontenay aux roses, France.
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37
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Yurchenko V, Pushkarsky T, Li JH, Dai WW, Sherry B, Bukrinsky M. Regulation of CD147 Cell Surface Expression. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:17013-9. [PMID: 15671024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412851200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD147, also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, is a regulator of matrix metalloproteinase production and serves as a signaling receptor for extracellular cyclophilins. Here we demonstrate that the cell surface expression of CD147 is regulated by cyclophilins via the transmembrane domain of CD147. Solution binding experiments demonstrated that the transmembrane domain was both necessary and sufficient for CD147 binding to cyclophilin A (CypA). Treatment with cyclosporin A significantly reduced surface expression of CD147 and of CD8-CD147 fusion protein carrying the extracellular domain of CD8 fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of CD147, but did not affect expression of CD8. Peptide binding studies demonstrated specific interaction between CypA and the proline-containing peptide from the CD147 transmembrane domain. Mutation of this proline residue reduced binding of CD147-derived peptides to CypA and also diminished transport of CD147 to the plasma membrane without reducing the total level of CD147 expression. These results suggest involvement of a cyclophilin-related protein in CD147 cell surface expression and provide molecular details for regulation of CD147 trafficking by cyclophilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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38
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Franchini M, Hefti H, Vollstedt S, Glanzmann B, Riesen M, Ackermann M, Chaplin P, Shortman K, Suter M. Dendritic Cells from Mice Neonatally Vaccinated with Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Transfer Resistance against Herpes Simplex Virus Type I to Naive One-Week-Old Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6304-12. [PMID: 15128820 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is an attenuated virus. MVA induces the production of IFN and Flt3-L (FL), which results in the expansion of dendritic cells (DC) and enhanced resistance against viral infections. We report on the interplay among IFN, FL, and DC in the resistance against heterologous virus after injection of neonatal mice with MVA. The induction of serum FL was tested on day 2, and the expansion of DC was tested 1 wk after treatment with MVA. At this time point the resistance against infection with heterologous virus was also determined. After MVA treatment, serum FL was enhanced, and DC, including plasmacytoid cells in spleen, were increased in number. Mice that lacked functional IFN type I and II systems failed to increase both the concentration of FL and the number of DC. Treatment with MVA enhanced resistance against HSV-1 in wild-type animals 100-fold, but animals without a functional IFN system were not protected. Transfer of CD11c(+) cells from MVA-treated mice into naive animals protected against lethal infection with HSV-1. Thus, although the increased resistance could be largely attributed to the increase in activation of IFN-producing plasmacytoid cells, this, in turn, depends on a complex interplay between the DC and T cell systems involving both FL and IFNs.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/growth & development
- Animals, Newborn/immunology
- CD8 Antigens/biosynthesis
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/prevention & control
- Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/biosynthesis
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon Type I/biosynthesis
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Interferon Type I/physiology
- Ligands
- Membrane Proteins/blood
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Stem Cells/immunology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccinia virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franchini
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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39
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Chklovskaia E, Nowbakht P, Nissen C, Gratwohl A, Bargetzi M, Wodnar-Filipowicz A. Reconstitution of dendritic and natural killer-cell subsets after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: effects of endogenous flt3 ligand. Blood 2004; 103:3860-8. [PMID: 14764540 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer (NK) cells after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is important for allograft responses and antitumor immunity and thus for treatment outcome. Regulation of this regenerative process is not well understood. We investigated the influence of endogenous cytokines on the recovery and diversification of DC and NK cell subsets up to 6 months after SCT. Reconstitution of circulating DCs and NK cells was rapid but accompanied by prolonged skewing of cell subsets. The speed of recovery of CD11c(+)CD123(low) DC1 exceeded that of CD11c(-) CD123(+) DC2, and correlated with plasma levels of flt3 ligand (FL), but not with granulocyte or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors and stem cell factor. There was a 5-fold increase in interferon-gamma-producing CD56(high)CD16(-)/low NK cells and a corresponding reduction in the CD56(low)CD16(high) subset, accompanied by strongly reduced NK cell cytotoxicity. In vitro data implicate an inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on NK cell differentiation and cytotoxicity. NK cell numbers did not correlate with plasma levels of FL or interleukin 15. Our results demonstrate that endogenous FL has distinct effects on the kinetics of reconstitution of DCs and NK cells and have potential implications for the modulation of immune responses after allogeneic SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chklovskaia
- Department of Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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40
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Wodnar-Filipowicz A. Flt3 ligand: role in control of hematopoietic and immune functions of the bone marrow. Physiology (Bethesda) 2004; 18:247-51. [PMID: 14614158 DOI: 10.1152/nips.01452.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerted action of cytokines secreted locally in the bone marrow controls the maintenance, expansion, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), whereas aberrant cytokine signaling contributes to leukemic transformation. Potent effects of flt3 ligand on HSCs and the development of the immune system have generated much interest in the clinical application of this cytokine in stem cell transplantation and cancer immunotherapy.
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41
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Huchet A, Belkacémi Y, Frick J, Prat M, Muresan-Kloos I, Altan D, Chapel A, Gorin NC, Gourmelon P, Bertho JM. Plasma Flt-3 ligand concentration correlated with radiation-induced bone marrow damage during local fractionated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57:508-15. [PMID: 12957264 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(03)00584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether variations in the plasma Flt-3 ligand (FL) concentration after radiotherapy (RT) may serve as a biomarker for radiation-induced bone marrow damage. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-seven patients were followed during RT. The irradiated bone marrow volume was determined. The blood cell counts and plasma FL concentrations were evaluated before and after RT. The expression of membrane-bound FL and mRNA expression were also defined in circulating blood cells. RESULTS We found a negative correlation between the plasma FL concentration and the number of circulating white blood cells and platelets during RT. Moreover, the overall amount of FL in the blood of patients during RT correlated directly with both the cumulated radiation dose and the proportion of irradiated bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the variations in plasma FL concentration directly reflect the radiation-induced bone marrow damage during fractionated local RT. We suggest a possible use for FL monitoring as a means to predict the occurrence of Grade 3-4 leukopenia or thrombocytopenia during the course of RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeri Huchet
- Service de Radiothérapie, Hôpital Européen G. Pompidou, Paris, France
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42
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Kalberer CP, Siegler U, Wodnar-Filipowicz A. Human NK cell development in NOD/SCID mice receiving grafts of cord blood CD34+ cells. Blood 2003; 102:127-35. [PMID: 12637322 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Definition of the cytokine environment, which regulates the maturation of human natural killer (NK) cells, has been largely based on in vitro assays because of the lack of suitable animal models. Here we describe conditions leading to the development of human NK cells in NOD/SCID mice receiving grafts of hematopoietic CD34+ precursor cells from cord blood. After 1-week-long in vivo treatment with various combinations of interleukin (IL)-15, flt3 ligand, stem cell factor, IL-2, IL-12, and megakaryocyte growth and differentiation factor, CD56+CD3- cells were detected in bone marrow (BM), spleen, and peripheral blood (PB), comprising 5% to 15% of human CD45+ cells. Human NK cells of NOD/SCID mouse origin closely resembled NK cells from human PB with respect to phenotypic characteristics, interferon (IFN)-gamma production, and cytotoxicity against HLA class 1-deficient K562 targets in vitro and antitumor activity against K562 erythroleukemia in vivo. In the absence of growth factor treatment, CD56+ cells were present only at background levels, but CD34+CD7+ and CD34-CD7+ lymphoid precursors with NK cell differentiation potential were detected in BM and spleen of chimeric NOD/SCID mice for up to 5 months after transplantation. Our results demonstrate that limitations in human NK cell development in the murine microenvironment can be overcome by treatment with NK cell growth-promoting human cytokines, resulting in the maturation of IFN-gamma-producing cytotoxic NK cells. These studies establish conditions to explore human NK cell development and function in vivo in the NOD/SCID mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Kalberer
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Research, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Kim K, Khaled AR, Reynolds D, Young HA, Lee CK, Durum SK. Characterization of an interleukin-7-dependent thymic cell line derived from a p53(-/-) mouse. J Immunol Methods 2003; 274:177-84. [PMID: 12609543 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the response of T cells to IL-7, we aimed to generate an IL-7-dependent thymocyte line. CD4(-)CD8(-) thymocytes from a p53(-)/(-) mouse were continuously propagated in interleukin-7 (IL-7), and after 2 months there developed an immortal line termed "D1." The D1 line has retained a stable dependency on IL-7. Withdrawal of IL-7 from D1 cells induced arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle, followed by apoptosis. In addition to IL-7, several other cytokines that employ gamma(c) as part of their receptor were also capable of stimulating D1 cell survival and proliferation. Gene induction by IL-7 was analyzed in D1 cells using RNase protection and array analysis and revealed a number of transcripts potentially involved in cell cycle, apoptosis and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjae Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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44
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Sitnicka E, Bryder D, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Buza-Vidas N, Adolfsson J, Jacobsen SEW. Key role of flt3 ligand in regulation of the common lymphoid progenitor but not in maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell pool. Immunity 2002; 17:463-72. [PMID: 12387740 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first lineage commitment step of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) results in separation into distinct lymphoid and myeloid differentiation pathways, reflected in the generation of common lymphoid and myeloid progenitors (CLP and CMP, respectively). In this report we present the first evidence for a nonredundant regulator of this process, in that adult mice deficient in expression of the flt3 ligand (FL) have severely (10-fold) reduced levels of the CLP, accompanied by reductions in the earliest identifiable B and T cell progenitors. In contrast, CMP and HSC are unaffected in FL-deficient mice. Noteworthy, CLP express high levels of both the flt3 receptor and ligand, indicating a potential autocrine role of FL in regulation of the earliest lymphoid commitment step from HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sitnicka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Lund, BMC, B12, Klinikgatan 26, 221-84 Lund, Sweden.
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Comeau MR, Van der Vuurst de Vries AR, Maliszewski CR, Galibert L. CD123bright plasmacytoid predendritic cells: progenitors undergoing cell fate conversion? JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:75-83. [PMID: 12077231 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD123(bright) plasmacytoid cells (PC) and CD1c(+) peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells (DC) are two human DC precursors that can be expanded in vivo by Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL). It has been proposed that PC and myeloid CD1c(+) DC may represent two distinct lineages of DC. However, the phylogenetic affiliation of PC and its relationship with myeloid DC remain controversial. Here we show that CD123(bright)HLA-DR(+) PC from FL-treated healthy volunteers can be divided into mutually exclusive subsets that harbor either lymphoid or myeloid features. Lymphoid-like PC represent the majority of PC and include pTalpha-, CD3epsilon-, and CD7-expressing cells. They exhibit TCR-beta gene loci in germline configuration and show low allostimulatory capacity, but produce type I IFN upon virus infection and can be differentiated in vitro into potent APC. Myeloid-like PC represent a minor fraction of the total PC population. They exhibit a striking PC/myeloid DC intermediate phenotype (CD5(+)CD11c(low)CD45RA(low)CD45RO(-)CD101(+)), produce proinflammatory cytokines, and do not require in vitro maturation to act as potent APCs. We propose that, rather than forming a lineage, PC might represent a population of lymphoid cells undergoing an in vivo cell fate conversion from a lymphoid to a myeloid cell type.
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MESH Headings
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/cytology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism
- Antigens, CD1/biosynthesis
- Blood Cell Count
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- CD40 Ligand/pharmacology
- CD5 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD56 Antigen/biosynthesis
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Genetic Markers
- Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- HLA-DR Antigens/biosynthesis
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Interferon Type I/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-1/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-3/pharmacology
- Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit
- Interleukin-6/biosynthesis
- Ligands
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/administration & dosage
- Myeloid Cells/cytology
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Plasma Cells/cytology
- Plasma Cells/immunology
- Plasma Cells/metabolism
- Plasma Cells/virology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-3/biosynthesis
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Adachi Y, Taketani S, Toki J, Ikebukuro K, Sugiura K, Oyaizu H, Yasumizu R, Tomita M, Kaneda H, Amoh Y, Ito T, Okigaki M, Inaba M, Ikehara S. Marked increase in number of dendritic cells in autoimmune-prone (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice with age. Stem Cells 2002; 20:61-72. [PMID: 11796923 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.20-1-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report that the number of CD11c(+)CD3(-) B220(-) cells increases in autoimmune-prone male (NZW x BXSB)F1 (W/BF1) mice with age. The CD11c(+)CD3(-)B220(-) cells from W/BF1 mice show a typical stellate shape and induce the proliferation of T cells. In the CD11c(+)CD3(-)B220(-) cells from W/BF1 mice, CD11b (Mac-1alpha), NK 1.1, and CD95 (Fas) are upregulated in comparison with normal mice, while the expression of CD8alpha, CD117 (c-kit), CD135 (Flk-2/Flt-3), and Sca-1 decreases. There is a significant increase in Flt-3L (FL) mRNA in the bone marrow of W/BF1 mice with age. Moreover, activated hemopoietic cells express high levels of FL. The injection of CD11c(+)CD3(-)B220(-) cells from old W/BF1 mice to young W/BF1 mice transiently induces autoimmune disease (thrombocytopenia). These results suggest that hyperproduction of FL from activated hemopoietic cells induces a dramatic increase in the number of dendritic cells in aged W/BF1 mice, followed by the acceleration of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashusi Adachi
- First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Osaka, Japan
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Bryant NJ, Govers R, James DE. Regulated transport of the glucose transporter GLUT4. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2002; 3:267-77. [PMID: 11994746 DOI: 10.1038/nrm782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 855] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In muscle and fat cells, insulin stimulates the delivery of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from an intracellular location to the cell surface, where it facilitates the reduction of plasma glucose levels. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate this translocation event involves integrating our knowledge of two fundamental processes--the signal transduction pathways that are triggered when insulin binds to its receptor and the membrane transport events that need to be modified to divert GLUT4 from intracellular storage to an active plasma membrane shuttle service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia J Bryant
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Road, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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Luther-Wyrsch A, Nissen C, Wodnar-Filipowicz A. Intracellular Fas ligand is elevated in T lymphocytes in severe aplastic anaemia. Br J Haematol 2001; 114:884-90. [PMID: 11564081 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.03026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of Fas receptor by haemopoietic progenitors in aplastic anaemia (AA) suggests that excessive apoptosis contributes to multilineage bone marrow (BM) failure. To investigate the role of Fas ligand (FasL) in triggering progenitor cell death, we examined FasL levels in T lymphocytes of patients with severe untreated AA (n = 8). Expression of FasL on the surface of CD3+ cells was not detectable. However, flow cytometric analysis of saponin-permeabilized cells demonstrated higher levels of intracellular FasL in AA than in normal T cells (P < 0.005), both prior to and following activation with phytohaemagglutinin. Confocal microscopy revealed that FasL-specific signals overlapped with cathepsin D staining, indicating that intracellular FasL is stored in lysosomal granules. Levels of intracellular FasL in patients examined 1 month after immunosuppression with antilymphocyte globulin and cyclosporin A were lower than prior to treatment. The caspase inhibitors, DEVD and zVAD, enhanced colony formation and prolonged survival of AA BM cells in liquid cultures by about 10-fold (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data provide further evidence that apoptosis by the Fas/FasL system plays a role in the depletion of stem cells in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luther-Wyrsch
- Department of Research, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstr. 20, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
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