1
|
Stergas HR, Dillon-Martin M, Dumas CM, Hansen NA, Carasi-Schwartz FJ, D'Amico AR, Finnegan KM, Juch U, Kane KR, Kaplan IE, Masengarb ML, Melero ME, Meyer LE, Sacher CR, Scriven EA, Ebert AM, Ballif BA. CRK and NCK adaptors may functionally overlap in zebrafish neurodevelopment, as indicated by common binding partners and overlapping expression patterns. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:302-320. [PMID: 38058169 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
CRK adaptor proteins are important for signal transduction mechanisms driving cell proliferation and positioning during vertebrate central nervous system development. Zebrafish lacking both CRK family members exhibit small, disorganized retinas with 50% penetrance. The goal of this study was to determine whether another adaptor protein might functionally compensate for the loss of CRK adaptors. Expression patterns in developing zebrafish, and bioinformatic analyses of the motifs recognized by their SH2 and SH3 domains, suggest NCK adaptors are well-positioned to compensate for loss of CRK adaptors. In support of this hypothesis, proteomic analyses found CRK and NCK adaptors share overlapping interacting partners including known regulators of cell adhesion and migration, suggesting their functional intersection in neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline M Dumas
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nicole A Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Alex R D'Amico
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kylie M Finnegan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Uatchet Juch
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Keeley R Kane
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Isabel E Kaplan
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Marina E Melero
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lauren E Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Conrad R Sacher
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Evan A Scriven
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alicia M Ebert
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Bryan A Ballif
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Díaz-Alvarez L, Martínez-Sánchez ME, Gray E, Pérez-Figueroa E, Ortega E. Aminopeptidase N/CD13 Crosslinking Promotes the Activation and Membrane Expression of Integrin CD11b/CD18. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1488. [PMID: 37892170 PMCID: PMC10604325 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The β2 integrin CD11b/CD18, also known as complement receptor 3 (CR3), and the moonlighting protein aminopeptidase N (CD13), are two myeloid immune receptors with overlapping activities: adhesion, migration, phagocytosis of opsonized particles, and respiratory burst induction. Given their common functions, shared physical location, and the fact that some receptors can activate a selection of integrins, we hypothesized that CD13 could induce CR3 activation through an inside-out signaling mechanism and possibly have an influence on its membrane expression. We revealed that crosslinking CD13 on the surface of human macrophages not only activates CR3 but also influences its membrane expression. Both phenomena are affected by inhibitors of Src, PLCγ, Syk, and actin polymerization. Additionally, after only 10 min at 37 °C, cells with crosslinked CD13 start secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferons type 1 and 2, IL-12p70, and IL-17a. We integrated our data with a bioinformatic analysis to confirm the connection between these receptors and to suggest the signaling cascade linking them. Our findings expand the list of features of CD13 by adding the activation of a different receptor via inside-out signaling. This opens the possibility of studying the joint contribution of CD13 and CR3 in contexts where either receptor has a recognized role, such as the progression of some leukemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Díaz-Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Inmunología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Eleanor Gray
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Erandi Pérez-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ortega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Inmunología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benz PM, Frömel T, Laban H, Zink J, Ulrich L, Groneberg D, Boon RA, Poley P, Renne T, de Wit C, Fleming I. Cardiovascular Functions of Ena/VASP Proteins: Past, Present and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:1740. [PMID: 37443774 PMCID: PMC10340426 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin binding proteins are of crucial importance for the spatiotemporal regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, thereby mediating a tremendous range of cellular processes. Since their initial discovery more than 30 years ago, the enabled/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) family has evolved as one of the most fascinating and versatile family of actin regulating proteins. The proteins directly enhance actin filament assembly, but they also organize higher order actin networks and link kinase signaling pathways to actin filament assembly. Thereby, Ena/VASP proteins regulate dynamic cellular processes ranging from membrane protrusions and trafficking, and cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, to the generation of mechanical tension and contractile force. Important insights have been gained into the physiological functions of Ena/VASP proteins in platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. In this review, we summarize the unique and redundant functions of Ena/VASP proteins in cardiovascular cells and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Benz
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hebatullah Laban
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joana Zink
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lea Ulrich
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Groneberg
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Centre, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Poley
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Renne
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 VN51 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kramer DA, Piper HK, Chen B. WASP family proteins: Molecular mechanisms and implications in human disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151244. [PMID: 35667337 PMCID: PMC9357188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family play a central role in regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics in a wide range of cellular processes. Genetic mutations or misregulation of these proteins are tightly associated with many diseases. The WASP-family proteins act by transmitting various upstream signals to their conserved WH2-Central-Acidic (WCA) peptide sequence at the C-terminus, which in turn binds to the Arp2/3 complex to stimulate the formation of branched actin networks at membranes. Despite this common feature, the regulatory mechanisms and cellular functions of distinct WASP-family proteins are very different. Here, we summarize and clarify our current understanding of WASP-family proteins and how disruption of their functions is related to human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Kramer
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Hannah K Piper
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alhazmi A. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase as a Target Therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:255-263. [PMID: 29925062 DOI: 10.1159/000489863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase which associates directly with extracellular receptors, and is critically involved in signal transduction pathways in a variety of cell types for the regulation of cellular responses. SYK is expressed ubiquitously in immune and nonimmune cells, and has a much wider biological role than previously recognized. Several studies have highlighted SYK as a key player in the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen, which is responsible for systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals, accounting for a major cause of severe chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients and subsequently resulting in a progressive deterioration of lung function. Inhibition of SYK activity has been explored as a therapeutic option in several allergic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and hematological malignancies. This review focuses on SYK as a therapeutic target, and describes the possibility of how current knowledge could be translated for therapeutic purposes to regulate the immune response to the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alhazmi
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh R. Central role of PI3K-SYK interaction in fibrinogen-induced lamellipodia and filopodia formation in platelets. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:1285-1296. [PMID: 28255536 PMCID: PMC5324771 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The WAVE complex‐1, a complex of WAVE, Abi1, NAP1, PIR121, HSPC300, RacGTP and Arp2/3 proteins, and WASP complex‐1, a complex of WASP, Cdc42, PIP2, and Arp2/3 proteins, are involved in lamellipodia and filopodia formation, respectively. It is known that the two complexes have opposite dynamics. Furthermore, Rac has two guanine nucleotide exchange factors, Vav and Sos, whose role in activating Rac is not well understood. In this work, by the construction of signaling network, analysis, and mathematical modeling, I show that Sos generates a pulse of WAVE complex‐1, decreasing the response time of WAVE complex‐1 formation upon the stimulation of platelets by fibrinogen. Furthermore, I also show that the dynamics of WAVE and WASP complexes depends on PI3K–SYK interaction. In the absence of this interaction, the WAVE complex‐1 does not form and the WASP complex‐1 remains at the initial, sustained level. Thus, I show the significance of the two protein/protein complexes: Sos and PI3K–SYK interaction, in fibrinogen‐induced lamellipodia and filopodia formation in platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
NPM-ALK phosphorylates WASp Y102 and contributes to oncogenesis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:2085-2094. [PMID: 27694894 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms by which NPM-ALK signaling regulates cell migration, invasion and contributes to the oncogenesis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) are not completely understood. In an attempt to identify novel actin signaling pathways regulated by NPM-ALK, a comprehensive phosphoproteome analysis of ALCL cell lines was performed in the presence or absence of NPM-ALK activity. Numerous phosphoproteins involved in actin dynamics including Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) were regulated by NPM-ALK. Network analysis revealed that WASp is a central component of the NPM-ALK-dependent actin signaling pathway. Here we show that NPM-ALK phosphorylates WASp at its known activation site (Y290) as well as at a novel residue (Y102). Phosphorylation of WASp at Y102 negatively regulates its interaction with Wiskott-Aldrich interacting protein and decreases its protein stability. Phosphorylation of WASp at Y102 enhances anchorage-independent growth and tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft model and enhances invasive properties of ALCL. We show that knock-down of WASp or expression of Y102F mutant of WASp decreases colony formation and in vivo tumor growth. Our results show that WASp is a novel substrate of ALK and has a critical role in regulating invasiveness and oncogenesis of ALCL.
Collapse
|
8
|
Benz PM, Laban H, Zink J, Günther L, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Dib K. Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP)-dependent and -independent pathways regulate thrombin-induced activation of Rap1b in platelets. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:21. [PMID: 27620165 PMCID: PMC5020514 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) is involved in the inhibition of agonist-induced platelet aggregation by cyclic nucleotides and the adhesion of platelets to the vascular wall. αIIbβ3 is the main integrin responsible for platelet activation and Rap1b plays a key role in integrin signalling. We investigated whether VASP is involved in the regulation of Rap1b in platelets since VASP-null platelets exhibit augmented adhesion to endothelial cells in vivo. Methods Washed platelets from wild type and VASP-deficient mice were stimulated with thrombin, the purinergic receptors agonist ADP, or the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619 and Rap1b activation was measured using the GST-RalGDS-RBD binding assay. Interaction of VASP and Crkl was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy, and pull-down assays using Crkl domains expressed as GST-fusion proteins. Results Surprisingly, we found that activation of Rap1b in response to thrombin, ADP, or U46619 was significantly reduced in platelets from VASP-null mice compared to platelets from wild type mice. However, inhibition of thrombin-induced activation of Rap1b by nitric oxide (NO) was similar in platelets from wild type and VASP-null mice indicating that the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway controls inhibition of Rap1b independently from VASP. To understand how VASP regulated Rap1b, we investigated association between VASP and the Crk-like protein (Crkl), an adapter protein which activates the Rap1b guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G. We demonstrated the formation of a Crkl/VASP complex by showing that: 1) Crkl co-immunoprecipitated VASP from platelet lysates; 2) Crkl and VASP dynamically co-localized at actin-rich protrusions reminiscent of focal adhesions, filopodia, and lamellipodia upon platelet spreading on fibronectin; 3) recombinant VASP bound directly to the N-terminal SH3 domain of Crkl; 4) Protein Kinase A (PKA) -mediated VASP phosphorylation on Ser157 abrogated the binding of Crkl. Conclusions We identified Crkl as a novel protein interacting with VASP in platelets. We propose that the C3G/Crkl/VASP complex plays a role in the regulation of Rap1b and this explains, at least in part, the reduced agonist-induced activation of Rap1b in VASP-null platelets. In addition, the fact that PKA-dependent VASP phosphorylation abrogated its interaction with Crkl may provide, at least in part, a rationale for the PKA-dependent inhibition of Rap1b and platelet aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Benz
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hebatullah Laban
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joana Zink
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lea Günther
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Walter
- Centre for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Department of Cytology and Histology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Karim Dib
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Medical Biology Center (MBC) building, Queen's University of Belfast, Third floor, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shagisultanova E, Gaponova AV, Gabbasov R, Nicolas E, Golemis EA. Preclinical and clinical studies of the NEDD9 scaffold protein in cancer and other diseases. Gene 2015; 567:1-11. [PMID: 25967390 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression requires a significant reprogramming of cellular signaling to support the essential tumor-specific processes that include hyperproliferation, invasion (for solid tumors) and survival of metastatic colonies. NEDD9 (also known as CasL and HEF1) encodes a multi-domain scaffolding protein that assembles signaling complexes regulating multiple cellular processes relevant to cancer. These include responsiveness to signals emanating from the T and B cell receptors, integrins, chemokine receptors, and receptor tyrosine kinases, as well as cytoplasmic oncogenes such as BCR-ABL and FAK- and SRC-family kinases. Downstream, NEDD9 regulation of partners including CRKL, WAVE, PI3K/AKT, ERK, E-cadherin, Aurora-A (AURKA), HDAC6, and others allow NEDD9 to influence functions as pleiotropic as migration, invasion, survival, ciliary resorption, and mitosis. In this review, we summarize a growing body of preclinical and clinical data that indicate that while NEDD9 is itself non-oncogenic, changes in expression of NEDD9 (most commonly elevation of expression) are common features of tumors, and directly impact tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and response to at least some targeted agents inhibiting NEDD9-interacting proteins. These data strongly support the relevance of further development of NEDD9 as a biomarker for therapeutic resistance. Finally, we briefly discuss emerging evidence supporting involvement of NEDD9 in additional pathological conditions, including stroke and polycystic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shagisultanova
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Anna V Gaponova
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Rashid Gabbasov
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Department of Genetics, Kazan Federal University (Volga Region), Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Le Huu D, Kimura H, Date M, Hamaguchi Y, Hasegawa M, Hau KT, Fujimoto M, Takehara K, Matsushita T. Blockade of Syk ameliorates the development of murine sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 74:214-21. [PMID: 24679982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease (Scl-cGVHD) is a model for human Scl-cGVHD and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Syk is expressed in most of hematopoietic cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Syk is a protein tyrosine kinase that has an important role in transmitting signals from a variety of cell surface receptors. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of R788 (fostamatinib sodium), an oral prodrug that is rapidly converted to a potent inhibitor of Syk, R406, on Scl-cGVHD. METHODS R788 was orally administered twice a day to allogeneic recipients from day 14 to day 42 after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In vitro, proliferation of GVHD-derived CD4(+) T cells and CD11b(+) cells was analyzed by R406. RESULTS Allogeneic BMT increased Syk phosphorylation in T, B, and CD11b(+) cells. The administration of R788 attenuated severity and fibrosis of Scl-cGVHD. The elevated expressions of CXCR4 on T cells, B cells, and CD11b(+) cells were significantly down-regulated by R788 treatment. R788 reduced memory CD4(+) T cells (CD44(hi)CD62L(-)CD4(+)). R406 inhibited proliferation of GVHD CD4(+) T cells and CD11b(+) cells in vitro. In addition, R788 treatment, inhibited proliferation of CD11b(+) cells in Scl-cGVHD mice. R788 treatment also reduced skin mRNA expressions of MCP-1, MIP-1α, IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17A, and TGF-β1, but not influenced RANTES, CXCL12, and TFN-α. CONCLUSION Blockade of Syk suppressed migration factor of immune cells and antigen-specific memory CD4(+) T cells and proliferation and activation of GVHD CD4(+) T cells and CD11b(+) cells. The current studies suggested that Syk inhibitor is a potential candidate for use in treating patients with Scl-cGVHD and SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doanh Le Huu
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Date
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Khang Tran Hau
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Matalon O, Reicher B, Barda-Saad M. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein - dynamic regulation of actin homeostasis: from activation through function and signal termination in T lymphocytes. Immunol Rev 2013; 256:10-29. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omri Matalon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan Israel
| | - Barak Reicher
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan Israel
| | - Mira Barda-Saad
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Jin Y, Li J, Seto E, Kuo E, Yu W, Schwartz RJ, Blazo M, Zhang SL, Peng X. Inactivation of Cdc42 in neural crest cells causes craniofacial and cardiovascular morphogenesis defects. Dev Biol 2013; 383:239-52. [PMID: 24056078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are physically responsible for craniofacial skeleton formation, pharyngeal arch artery remodeling and cardiac outflow tract septation during vertebrate development. Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) is a Rho family small GTP-binding protein that works as a molecular switch to regulate cytoskeleton remodeling and the establishment of cell polarity. To investigate the role of Cdc42 in NCCs during embryonic development, we deleted Cdc42 in NCCs by crossing Cdc42 flox mice with Wnt1-cre mice. We found that the inactivation of Cdc42 in NCCs caused embryonic lethality with craniofacial deformities and cardiovascular developmental defects. Specifically, Cdc42 NCC knockout embryos showed fully penetrant cleft lips and short snouts. Alcian Blue and Alizarin Red staining of the cranium exhibited an unfused nasal capsule and palatine in the mutant embryos. India ink intracardiac injection analysis displayed a spectrum of cardiovascular developmental defects, including persistent truncus arteriosus, hypomorphic pulmonary arteries, interrupted aortic arches, and right-sided aortic arches. To explore the underlying mechanisms of Cdc42 in the formation of the great blood vessels, we generated Wnt1Cre-Cdc42-Rosa26 reporter mice. By beta-galactosidase staining, a subpopulation of Cdc42-null NCCs was observed halting in their migration midway from the pharyngeal arches to the conotruncal cushions. Phalloidin staining revealed dispersed, shorter and disoriented stress fibers in Cdc42-null NCCs. Finally, we demonstrated that the inactivation of Cdc42 in NCCs impaired bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced NCC cytoskeleton remodeling and migration. In summary, our results demonstrate that Cdc42 plays an essential role in NCC migration, and inactivation of Cdc42 in NCCs impairs craniofacial and cardiovascular development in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dent JE, Nardini C. From desk to bed: computational simulations provide indication for rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7:10. [PMID: 23339423 PMCID: PMC3653749 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most common human systemic autoimmune diseases, affecting approximately 1% of the population worldwide. To date, there is no cure for the disease and current treatments show undesirable side effects. As the disease affects a growing number of individuals, and during their working age, the gathering of all information able to improve therapies -by understanding their and the disease mechanisms of action- represents an important area of research, benefiting not only patients but also societies. In this direction, network analysis methods have been used in previous work to further our understanding of this complex disease, leading to the identification of CRKL as a potential drug target for treatment of RA. Here, we use computational methods to expand on this work, testing the hypothesis in silico. Results Analysis of the CRKL network -available at http://www.picb.ac.cn/ClinicalGenomicNTW/software.html- allows for investigation of the potential effect of perturbing genes of interest. Within the group of genes that are significantly affected by simulated perturbation of CRKL, we are lead to further investigate the importance of PXN. Our results allow us to (1) refine the hypothesis on CRKL as a novel drug target (2) indicate potential causes of side effects in on-going trials and (3) importantly, provide recommendations with impact on on-going clinical studies. Conclusions Based on a virtual network that collects and connects a large number of the molecules known to be involved in a disease, one can simulate the effects of controlling molecules, allowing for the observation of how this affects the rest of the network. This is important to mimic the effect of a drug, but also to be aware of -and possibly control- its side effects. Using this approach in RA research we have been able to contribute to the field by suggesting molecules to be targeted in new therapies and more importantly, to warrant efficacy, to hypothesise novel recommendations on existing drugs currently under test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Dent
- Group of Clinical Genomic Networks, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim-Kaneyama JR, Miyauchi A, Lei XF, Arita S, Mino T, Takeda N, Kou K, Eto K, Yoshida T, Miyazaki T, Shioda S, Miyazaki A. Identification of Hic-5 as a novel regulatory factor for integrin αIIbβ3 activation and platelet aggregation in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1867-74. [PMID: 22812543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrin αIIbβ3 plays key roles in platelet aggregation and subsequent thrombus formation. Hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5 (Hic-5), a member of the paxillin family, serves as a focal adhesion adaptor protein associated with αIIbβ3 at its cytoplasmic strand. OBJECTIVES Hic-5 function in αIIbβ3 activation and subsequent platelet aggregation remains unknown. To address this question, platelets from Hic-5(-/-) mice were analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS Hic-5(-/-) mice displayed a significant hemostatic defect and resistance to thromboembolism, which were explained in part by weaker thrombin-induced aggregation in Hic-5(-/-) platelets. Mechanistically, Hic-5(-/-) platelets showed limited activation of αIIbβ3 upon thrombin treatment. Morphological alteration in Hic-5(-/-) platelets after thrombin stimulation on fibrinogen plates was also limited. As a direct consequence, the quantity of actin co-immunoprecipitating with the activated αIIbβ3 was smaller in Hic-5(-/-) platelets than in wild-type platelets. CONCLUSION We identified Hic-5 as a novel and specific regulatory factor for thrombin-induced αIIbβ3 activation and subsequent platelet aggregation in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Kim-Kaneyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo Department of Clinical Toxicology, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Parguiña AF, Grigorian-Shamagian L, Agra RM, López-Otero D, Rosa I, Alonso J, Teijeira-Fernández E, González-Juanatey JR, García Á. Variations in Platelet Proteins Associated With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2957-64. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.235713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Our aim in this study was to provide novel information on the molecular mechanisms playing a major role in the unwanted platelet activation associated with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods and Results—
We compared the platelet proteome of 11 STEMI patients to a matched control group of 15 stable chronic ischemic cardiopathy patients. In addition, we did a prospective study to follow the STEMI patients over time. Proteins were separated by high-resolution 2D gel electrophoresis, identified by mass spectrometry, and validated by Western blotting. Platelets from STEMI patients on admission displayed 56 protein spot differences (corresponding to 42 unique genes) compared with the control group. The number of differences decreased with time during the patients' follow-up. Interestingly, the adapter protein CrkL and the active form of Src (phosphorylated in Tyr418) were found to be upregulated in platelets from STEMI patients. Major signaling pathways related to the proteins identified include integrin, integrin-linked kinase, and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signaling. Interestingly, a study on an independent cohort of patients showed a higher degree of activation of GPVI signaling in STEMI patients.
Conclusion—
CrkL, the active form of Src, and GPVI signaling are upregulated in platelets from STEMI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés F. Parguiña
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Lilian Grigorian-Shamagian
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Rosa M. Agra
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Diego López-Otero
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Isaac Rosa
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Jana Alonso
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Elvis Teijeira-Fernández
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| | - Ángel García
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.) and Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) (A.F.P., I.R., A.G.), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cardiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (L.G.-S.); Cardiology Department and Coronary Unit (L.G.-S., R.M.A., D.L.-O., E.T.-F., J.R.G.-J.) and Proteomic Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (J.A.), Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dovas A, Cox D. Regulation of WASp by phosphorylation: Activation or other functions? Commun Integr Biol 2011; 3:101-5. [PMID: 20585499 DOI: 10.4161/cib.3.2.10759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) is an actin nucleation-promoting factor that regulates actin polymerisation via the Arp2/3 complex. Its mutation in human syndromes has led to extensive studies on the regulation and activities of this molecule. Several mechanisms for the regulation of WASp activity have been proposed, however, the role of tyrosine phosphorylation remains controversial, particularly due to inconsistencies between results obtained through biochemical and cell biological approaches. In this mini-review, we are addressing the major aspects of WASp regulation with an emphasis on the role of tyrosine phosphorylation on WASp activities.
Collapse
|
17
|
Park H, Cox D. Syk regulates multiple signaling pathways leading to CX3CL1 chemotaxis in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14762-9. [PMID: 21388954 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.185181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have clearly established the importance of the interaction between macrophages and CX3CL1 in the progression of disease. A previous study demonstrated that Syk was required for CX3CL1-mediated actin polymerization and chemotaxis. Here, we delineated the signaling cascade of Syk-mediated cell migration in response to CX3CL1. Inhibition of Syk in bone marrow-derived macrophages or reduction of Syk expression using siRNA in RAW/LR5 cells indicated that Syk was required for the activation of PI3K, Cdc42, and Rac1. Also, reduction in WASP or WAVE2 levels, common downstream effectors of Cdc42 or Rac1, resulted in impaired cell migration to CX3CL1. Syk indirectly regulated WASP tyrosine phosphorylation through Cdc42 activation. Altogether, our data identify that Syk mediated chemotaxis toward CX3CL1 by regulating both Rac1/WAVE2 and Cdc42/WASP pathways, whereas Src family kinases were required for proper WASP tyrosine phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haein Park
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Spleen tyrosine kinases: biology, therapeutic targets and drugs. Drug Discov Today 2010; 15:517-30. [PMID: 20553955 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is an intriguing protein tyrosine kinase involved in signal transduction in a variety of cell types, and its aberrant regulation is associated with different allergic disorders and antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and allergic rhinitis. Syk also plays an important part in the uncontrolled growth of tumor cells, particularly B cells. For these reasons, Syk is considered one of the most interesting biological targets of the last decade, as proved by the great number of papers and patents published, and the possibility of treating these pathologies by means of Syk kinase inhibitors has led to a great interest from the pharmaceutical and biotech industry.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
In the first report of the concurrent immunodeficiency, thrombocytopenia, and eczema that we now call the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS), Alfred Wiskott asked whether it could be a familial form of Werlhof's disease (now called ITP). This review summarizes what is known about platelet production, consumption, and function in clinical and murine WAS. Both platelet production and consumption are affected by WASP deficiency. Likely molecular mechanisms have been identified for the former process, but remain problematic for the latter. Recent data in a murine model suggest that WASP deficiency could increase both the incidence of antiplatelet antibodies and susceptibility to their enhancement of platelet consumption. Wiskott's original speculation about the relationship between WAS and ITP may need to be reconsidered.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
The role of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) in platelet function is unclear because platelets that lack WASp function normally. WASp constitutively associates with WASp-interacting protein (WIP) in resting and activated platelets. The role of WIP in platelet function was investigated using mice that lack WIP or WASp. WIP knockout (KO) platelets lack WASp and thus are double deficient. WIP KO mice have a thrombocytopenia, similar to WASp KO mice, resulting in part from enhanced platelet clearance. Most WIP KO, but not WASp KO, mice evolved platelet-associated immunoglobulins (Ig) of the IgA class, which normalize their platelet survival but diminish their glycoprotein VI (GPVI) responses. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation, including that of phospholipase C-gamma2, and calcium mobilization are impaired in IgA-presenting WIP KO platelets stimulated through GPVI, resulting in defects in alpha-granule secretion, integrin alphaIIbbeta3 activation, and actin assembly. The anti-GPVI antibody JAQ1 induces the irreversible loss of GPVI from circulating platelets in wild-type mice, but not in WIP KO mice that bear high levels of platelet-associated IgAs. Together, the data indicate that platelet-associated IgAs negatively modulate GPVI signaling and function in WIP KO mice.
Collapse
|
21
|
Dickinson RB. Models for actin polymerization motors. J Math Biol 2008; 58:81-103. [PMID: 18612640 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-008-0200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Actin polymerization drives cell membrane protrusions and the propulsion of intracellular pathogens. The molecular mechanisms driving actin polymerization are not yet fully understood. Various mathematical models have been proposed to explain how cells convert chemical energy released upon actin polymerization into a pushing force on a surface. These models have attempted to explain puzzling properties of actin-based motility, including persistent attachment of the network to the membrane during propulsion and the interesting trajectories of propelled particles. These models fall generally into two classes: those requiring filament (+)-ends to fluctuate freely from the membrane to add subunits, and those where filaments elongate with their (+)-ends persistently associated with surface through filament end-tracking proteins ("actoclampin" models). This review compares and contrasts the key predictions of these two classes of models with regard to force-velocity profiles, and evaluates them with respect to experiments with biomimetic particles, and the experimental evidence on the role of end-tracking proteins such as formins and nucleation-promoting factors in actin-based motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Dickinson
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Isakov N. A new twist to adaptor proteins contributes to regulation of lymphocyte cell signaling. Trends Immunol 2008; 29:388-96. [PMID: 18599349 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell growth and differentiation are highly controlled processes mediated by effector molecules, which are regulated by posttranslational chemical modifications. Adaptor molecules are critical players in these mechanisms because of their ability to simultaneously interact with multiple effector molecules and orchestrate the assembly of signaling complexes downstream of activated surface receptors. One family of adaptor molecules includes the CrkII/CrkL proteins that are also involved in the regulation of lymphocyte function. Although Crk proteins are amenable to regulation by protein tyrosine kinases, recent data suggest that peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) can alter their conformation and hence their ability to associate with binding partners. This emerging new function of PPIases is the subject of the current review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Isakov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Cancer Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tsuboi S, Meerloo J. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein is a key regulator of the phagocytic cup formation in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:34194-203. [PMID: 17890224 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705999200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a vital first-line host defense mechanism against infection involving the ingestion and digestion of foreign materials such as bacteria by specialized cells, phagocytes. For phagocytes to ingest the foreign materials, they form an actin-based membrane structure called phagocytic cup at the plasma membranes. Formation of the phagocytic cup is impaired in phagocytes from patients with a genetic immunodeficiency disorder, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). The gene defective in WAS encodes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP). Mutation or deletion of WASP causes impaired formation of the phagocytic cup, suggesting that WASP plays an important role in the phagocytic cup formation. However, the molecular details of its formation remain unknown. We have shown that the WASP C-terminal activity is critical for the phagocytic cup formation in macrophages. We demonstrated that WASP is phosphorylated on tyrosine 291 in macrophages, and the WASP phosphorylation is important for the phagocytic cup formation. In addition, we showed that WASP and WASP-interacting protein (WIP) form a complex at the phagocytic cup and that the WASP.WIP complex plays a critical role in the phagocytic cup formation. Our results indicate that the phosphorylation of WASP and the complex formation of WASP with WIP are the essential molecular steps for the efficient formation of the phagocytic cup in macrophages, suggesting a possible disease mechanism underlying phagocytic defects and recurrent infections in WAS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Tsuboi
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and Cell Imaging Facility, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chou HC, Antón IM, Holt MR, Curcio C, Lanzardo S, Worth A, Burns S, Thrasher AJ, Jones GE, Calle Y. WIP regulates the stability and localization of WASP to podosomes in migrating dendritic cells. Curr Biol 2007; 16:2337-44. [PMID: 17141616 PMCID: PMC1885947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP) is an adaptor protein that is essential for podosome formation in hematopoietic cells [1]. Given that 80% of identified Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome patients result from mutations in the binding site for WASP-interacting-protein (WIP) [2], we examined the possible role of WIP in the regulation of podosome architecture and cell motility in dendritic cells (DCs). Our results show that WIP is essential both for the formation of actin cores containing WASP and cortactin and for the organization of integrin and integrin-associated proteins in circular arrays, specific characteristics of podosome structure. We also found that WIP is essential for the maintenance of the high turnover of adhesions and polarity in DCs. WIP exerts these functions by regulating calpain-mediated cleavage of WASP and by facilitating the localization of WASP to sites of actin polymerization at podosomes. Taken together, our results indicate that WIP is critical for the regulation of both the stability and localization of WASP in migrating DCs and suggest that WASP and WIP operate as a functional unit to control DC motility in response to changes in the extracellular environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Inés M. Antón
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark R. Holt
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Curcio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Lanzardo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Austen Worth
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London and GOSH NHS Trust WC1 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan Burns
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London and GOSH NHS Trust WC1 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Thrasher
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London and GOSH NHS Trust WC1 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth E. Jones
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author
| | - Yolanda Calle
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee JH, Kim YM, Kim NW, Kim JW, Her E, Kim BK, Kim JH, Ryu SH, Park JW, Seo DW, Han JW, Beaven MA, Choi WS. Phospholipase D2 acts as an essential adaptor protein in the activation of Syk in antigen-stimulated mast cells. Blood 2006; 108:956-64. [PMID: 16861349 PMCID: PMC1895856 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-10-009159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are responsible for IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and PLD2 regulate mast cell activation, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that PLD2 associates with and promotes activation of Syk, a key enzyme in mast cell activation. Antigen stimulation resulted in increased association and colocalization of Syk with PLD2 on the plasma membrane as indicated by coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. This association was dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk but not on PLD2 activity. In vitro, PLD2 interacted via its Phox homology (PX) domain with recombinant Syk to induce phosphorylation and activation of Syk. Furthermore, overexpression of PLD2 or catalytically inactive PLD2K758R enhanced antigen-induced phosphorylations of Syk and its downstream targets, the adaptor proteins LAT and SLP-76, while expression of a PLD2 siRNA blocked these phosphorylations. Apparently, the interaction of PLD2 with Syk is an early critical event in the activation of mast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Calle Y, Carragher NO, Thrasher AJ, Jones GE. Inhibition of calpain stabilises podosomes and impairs dendritic cell motility. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:2375-85. [PMID: 16723743 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes, highly dynamic adhesion structures implicated in cell motility and extracellular matrix degradation, are characteristic of certain cells of the myeloid lineage and a limited range of other cell types. The nature and the mechanisms that regulate their high turnover are unknown at present. The cysteine protease calpain is involved in the regulation of cell migration in part by promoting either formation or disassembly of adhesion sites. Despite the fact that many known substrates of calpain are also structural components of the podosome complex, no studies have yet demonstrated that calpain participates in the regulation of podosome dynamics. In the present work, we show that inhibition of calpain in primary mouse dendritic cells leads to enhanced accumulation of actin filaments, the Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP), beta(2) integrins, talin, paxillin and vinculin in podosomes. This accumulation of components is associated with stabilisation of podosome turnover, overall reduction in velocity of cell locomotion and impaired transmigration across an endothelial monolayer. We also demonstrate that calpain cleaves the podosome components talin, Pyk2 and WASP in dendritic cells. In summary, our results provide evidence that calpain regulates podosome composition and turnover and that this process is required for efficient migration of dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Calle
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gevrey JC, Isaac BM, Cox D. Syk is required for monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis to CX3CL1 (Fractalkine). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:3737-45. [PMID: 16148119 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.6.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CX3CL1 (fractalkine), the only member of the delta subclass of chemokines, is a known chemotactic factor for monocytes/macrophages as well as NK cells and T lymphocytes. In several pathologies, excessive production of CX3CL1 at specific sites leads primarily to monocyte/macrophage recruitment, which causes tissue and vascular damage. Despite their clinical relevance, the mechanisms underlying monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis to CX3CL1 remain poorly documented. The present report addresses this issue and identifies cell signaling crucial for this process. Using the murine monocyte/macrophage RAW cell line, we show that CX3CL1 treatment elicits a rapid and transient increase in F-actin and the formation of F-actin-enriched cell protrusions. CX3CL1 also triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins localized in those protrusions. The protein tyrosine kinase Syk is activated upon CX3CL1 treatment, and reduction of Syk expression using RNA-mediated interference results in a specific and massive impairment of RAW cell migration to CX3CL1. Similar results are obtained using the Syk inhibitor, piceatannol. Cells with reduced Syk expression also exhibit a major defect in CX3CL1-induced cytoskeletal remodeling. These data suggest that in monocytes/macrophages, Syk is essential for proper reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to CX3CL1 and is therefore required for cell chemotaxis to CX3CL1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Gevrey
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Moon KD, Post CB, Durden DL, Zhou Q, De P, Harrison ML, Geahlen RL. Molecular basis for a direct interaction between the Syk protein-tyrosine kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:1543-51. [PMID: 15536084 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407805200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
After engagement of the B cell receptor for antigen, the Syk protein-tyrosine kinase becomes phosphorylated on multiple tyrosines, some of which serve as docking sites for downstream effectors with SH2 or other phosphotyrosine binding domains. The most frequently identified binding partner for catalytically active Syk identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen was the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The C-terminal SH2 domain of p85 was sufficient for mediating an interaction with tyrosine-phosphorylated Syk. Interestingly, this domain interacted with Syk at phosphotyrosine 317, a site phosphorylated in trans by the Src family kinase, Lyn, and identified previously as a binding site for c-Cbl. This site interacted preferentially with the p85 C-terminal SH2 domain compared with the c-Cbl tyrosine kinase binding domain. Molecular modeling studies showed a good fit between the p85 SH2 domain and a peptide containing phosphotyrosine 317. Tyr-317 was found to be essential for Syk to support phagocytosis mediated by FcgammaRIIA receptors expressed in a heterologous system. These studies establish a new type of p85 binding site that can exist on proteins that serve as substrates for Src family kinases and provide a molecular explanation for observations on direct interactions between Syk and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung D Moon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kettner A, Kumar L, Antón IM, Sasahara Y, de la Fuente M, Pivniouk VI, Falet H, Hartwig JH, Geha RS. WIP regulates signaling via the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E in mast cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:357-68. [PMID: 14757742 PMCID: PMC2211794 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-interacting protein (WIP) stabilizes actin filaments and is important for immunoreceptor-mediated signal transduction leading to actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in T and B cells. Here we report a role for WIP in signaling pathways downstream of the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin (Ig)E (FcepsilonRI) in mast cells. WIP-deficient bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) were impaired in their capacity to degranulate and secrete interleukin 6 after FcepsilonRI ligation. Calcium mobilization, phosphorylation of Syk, phospholipase C-g2, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase were markedly decreased in WIP-deficient BMMCs. WIP was found to associate with Syk after FcepsilonRI ligation and to inhibit Syk degradation as evidenced by markedly diminished Syk levels in WIP-deficient BMMCs. WIP-deficient BMMCs exhibited no apparent defect in their subcortical actin network and were normal in their ability to form protrusions when exposed to an IgE-coated surface. However, the kinetics of actin changes and the cell shape changes that follow FcepsilonRI signaling were altered in WIP-deficient BMMCs. These results suggest that WIP regulates FcepsilonRI-mediated mast cell activation by regulating Syk levels and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kettner
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Calle Y, Jones GE, Jagger C, Fuller K, Blundell MP, Chow J, Chambers T, Thrasher AJ. WASp deficiency in mice results in failure to form osteoclast sealing zones and defects in bone resorption. Blood 2004; 103:3552-61. [PMID: 14726392 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractNo defects related to deficiency of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) have been described in osteoclasts. Here we show that there are significant morphologic and functional abnormalities. WASp-null cells spread over a much larger surface area and are highly polykaryotic. In their migratory phase, normal cells assemble clusters of podosomes behind their leading edges, whereas during the bone resorptive phase multiple podosomes are densely aggregated in well-defined actin rings forming the sealing zone. In comparison, WASp-null osteoclasts in either phase are markedly depleted of podosomes. On bone surfaces, this results in a failure to form actin rings at sealing zones. Complementation of WASp-null osteoclasts with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-WASp fusion protein restores normal cytoarchitecture. These structural disturbances translate into abnormal patterns of bone resorption both in vitro on bone slices and in vivo. Although physiologic steady-state levels of bone resorption are maintained, a major impairment is observed when WASp-null animals are exposed to a resorptive challenge. Our results provide clear evidence that WASp is a critical component of podosomes in osteoclasts and indicate a nonredundant role for WASp in the dynamic organization of these actin structures during bone resorption. (Blood. 2004;103:3552-3561)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Calle
- The Randall Centre for Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Function, New Hunt's House, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yuminamochi T, Yatomi Y, Osada M, Ohmori T, Ishii Y, Nakazawa K, Hosogaya S, Ozaki Y. Expression of the LIM proteins paxillin and Hic-5 in human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 2003; 51:513-21. [PMID: 12642630 DOI: 10.1177/002215540305100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The LIM domain is a protein-protein interaction motif critically involved in a variety of fundamental biological processes, including cytoskeletal organization, cell lineage specification, and organ development. In this study we examined the expression of the LIM proteins paxillin and Hic-5 in adult human tissues by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Paxillin expression was widespread and observed both in non-muscle and muscle tissues. Of the latter, paxillin was mainly expressed in multinuclear striated muscle. In contrast, Hic-5 showed restricted expression and was expressed in muscle tissues, mainly in mononuclear smooth muscle. Taken together with previous findings, it appears likely that the counterbalance between paxillin and Hic-5 may be deeply involved in muscle differentiation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Badour K, Zhang J, Siminovitch KA. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein: forging the link between actin and cell activation. Immunol Rev 2003; 192:98-112. [PMID: 12670398 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2003.00031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) has emerged as a central player in the regulation of actin remodeling in T cells. The unique domain structure of WASp and other WASp family members enables these proteins to associate with a myriad of signaling effectors and to thereby regulate the coupling of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement to both cytoskeletal rearrangement and transcriptional activation. This review focuses on these biochemical properties of WASp and also on the mechanisms whereby WASp interactions with its cognate ligands influence T cell activation. Because of its capacity to shift intracellular location and thereby dictate both the timing and the spatial distribution of actin polymerization following cell stimulation, WASp is well positioned to play major regulatory roles in directing a wide range of cellular processes and signaling pathways. Further dissection of the functional and biochemical properties of WASp therefore represents a promising avenue towards defining the molecular mechanisms that convey TCR stimulatory signals to the actin cytoskeleton and integrate cytoskeletal and other signaling systems so as to evoke a biological response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Badour
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Samuel Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Oda A, Wada I, Miura K, Okawa K, Kadoya T, Kato T, Nishihara H, Maeda M, Tanaka S, Nagashima K, Nishitani C, Matsuno K, Ishino M, Machesky LM, Fujita H, Randazzo P. CrkL directs ASAP1 to peripheral focal adhesions. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:6456-60. [PMID: 12522101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m210817200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for proteins in platelets that can interact with the N-terminal SH3 domain of CrkL (using a combination of a pull-down assay followed by mass spectrometry), we have found that human platelets express an ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)-specific GTPase-activating protein (GAP), ASAP1, as a CrkL-binding protein. In spreading platelets, most endogenous ASAP1 is localized at peripheral focal adhesions. To determine the physiologic significance of the CrkL-ASAP1 association, we overexpressed CrkL, ASAP1, or both in combination in COS7 cells. Unlike endogenous ASAP1 in platelets, overexpressed ASAP1 showed diffuse cytoplasmic distribution. However, when co-expressed with wild-type CrkL, both endogenous and expressed ASAP1 accumulated at CrkL-induced focal adhesions. An SH2-mutated CrkL, which cannot localize at focal adhesions, failed to recruit ASAP1 into focal adhesions. Thus, CrkL appears to be a lynchpin between ASAP1 and peripheral focal adhesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Oda
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sasahara Y, Rachid R, Byrne MJ, de la Fuente MA, Abraham RT, Ramesh N, Geha RS. Mechanism of recruitment of WASP to the immunological synapse and of its activation following TCR ligation. Mol Cell 2002; 10:1269-81. [PMID: 12504004 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
F-actin polymerization following engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) is dependent on WASP and is critical for T cell activation. The link between TCR and WASP is not fully understood. In resting cells, WASP exists in a complex with WIP, which inhibits its activation by Cdc42. We show that the adaptor protein CrkL binds directly to WIP. Further, TCR ligation results in the formation of a ZAP-70-CrkL-WIP-WASP complex, which is recruited to lipid rafts and the immunological synapse. TCR engagement also causes PKCtheta-dependent phosphorylation of WIP, causing the disengagement of WASP from the WIP-WASP complex, thereby releasing it from WIP inhibition. These results suggest that the ZAP-70-CrkL-WIP pathway and PKCtheta link TCR to WASP activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Sasahara
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nishihara H, Maeda M, Oda A, Tsuda M, Sawa H, Nagashima K, Tanaka S. DOCK2 associates with CrkL and regulates Rac1 in human leukemia cell lines. Blood 2002; 100:3968-74. [PMID: 12393632 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2001-11-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDM (ced-5 of Caenorhabditis elegans, DOCK180 [downstream of Crk with molecular weight of 180 kDa] of humans, and myoblast city of Drosophila melanogaster) family of proteins has been shown to play a pivotal role in the integrin-mediated signaling pathway under the regulation of an adaptor molecule c-CT10-related kinase II (c-Crk-II) in adherent cells. Recently, hematopoietic cell-specific CDM protein DOCK2 has been shown to be indispensable for lymphocyte migration. However, the regulatory mechanism for DOCK2 is still unknown because DOCK2 lacks a c-Crk-II binding consensus motif. In this study, we demonstrated that DOCK2 bound to CrkL, which is present exclusively in hematopoietic cells both in vivo and in vitro, and we also found that 2 separate regions of DOCK2 contributed to its binding to Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of CrkL. Colocalization of DOCK2 with Crk-like (CrkL) and F-actin was shown by immunocytochemical analysis with the use of Jurkat cells. We also found that CrkL-induced activation of small guanine triphosphatase (GTPase) Rac1 was significantly inhibited by the DOCK2-dCS mutant in 293T cells. Furthermore, the association of DOCK2 and Vav, the guanine-nucleotide exchanging factor (GEF) for Rac1, was demonstrated in Jurkat cells. Finally, the stable expression of DOCK2-dCS mutant in Jurkat cells was shown to reduce cell attachment. These data suggest the presence of a novel protein complex of CrkL, DOCK2, and Vav to regulate Rac1 in leukemia cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishihara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stewart DM, Tian L, Nelson DL. Linking cellular activation to cytoskeletal reorganization: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome as a model. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 1:525-33. [PMID: 11964736 DOI: 10.1097/00130832-200112000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an inherited X-linked disorder characterized by immune deficiency, eczema, and thrombocytopenia with small platelets. The mutated protein, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, is an activator of actin cytoskeletal reorganization in hematopoietic cells. Members of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family are being shown to be key integrators of cell signalling and cytoskeletal organization in many eukaryotic cell types. This review focuses on recent discoveries that reveal in increasing detail how Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and its related proteins operate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Stewart
- Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|