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Jones AB, Tuy K, Hawkins CC, Quinn CH, Saad J, Gary SE, Beierle EA, Ding L, Rochlin KM, Lamb LS, Hjelmeland AB. Temozolomide and the PARP Inhibitor Niraparib Enhance Expression of Natural Killer Group 2D Ligand ULBP1 and Gamma-Delta T Cell Cytotoxicity in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2852. [PMID: 39199623 PMCID: PMC11352900 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunologically cold tumor, but several immunotherapy-based strategies show promise, including the administration of ex vivo expanded and activated cytotoxic gamma delta T cells. Cytotoxicity is partially mediated through interactions with natural killer group 2D ligands (NKG2DL) on tumor cells. We sought to determine whether the addition of the blood-brain barrier penetrant PARP inhibitor niraparib to the standard of care DNA alkylator temozolomide (TMZ) could upregulate NKG2DL, thereby improving immune cell recognition. Changes in viability were consistent with prior publications as there was a growth inhibitory effect of the combination of TMZ and niraparib. However, decreases in viability did not always correlate with changes in NKG2DL mRNA. ULBP1/Mult-1 mRNA was increased with the combination therapy in comparison to either drug alone in two of the three cell types tested, even though viability was consistently decreased. mRNA expression correlated with protein levels and ULBP1/MULT-1 cell surface protein was significantly increased with TMZ and niraparib treatment in four of the five cell types tested. Gamma delta T cell-mediated cytotoxicity at a 10:1 effector-to-target ratio was significantly increased upon pretreatment of cells derived from a GBM PDX with TMZ and niraparib in comparison to the control or either drug alone. Together, these data demonstrate that the combination of PARP inhibition, DNA alkylation, and gamma delta T cell therapy has the potential for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber B. Jones
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.B.J.); (K.T.); (C.C.H.); (J.S.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Kaysaw Tuy
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.B.J.); (K.T.); (C.C.H.); (J.S.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Cyntanna C. Hawkins
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.B.J.); (K.T.); (C.C.H.); (J.S.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Colin H. Quinn
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Joelle Saad
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.B.J.); (K.T.); (C.C.H.); (J.S.); (S.E.G.)
| | - Sam E. Gary
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.B.J.); (K.T.); (C.C.H.); (J.S.); (S.E.G.)
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Lei Ding
- In8Bio, Inc., New York, NY 10118, USA; (L.D.); (K.M.R.); (L.S.L.)
| | - Kate M. Rochlin
- In8Bio, Inc., New York, NY 10118, USA; (L.D.); (K.M.R.); (L.S.L.)
| | - Lawrence S. Lamb
- In8Bio, Inc., New York, NY 10118, USA; (L.D.); (K.M.R.); (L.S.L.)
| | - Anita B. Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (A.B.J.); (K.T.); (C.C.H.); (J.S.); (S.E.G.)
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2
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Yuan M, Wang W, Hawes I, Han J, Yao Z, Bertaina A. Advancements in γδT cell engineering: paving the way for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360237. [PMID: 38576617 PMCID: PMC10991697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Comprising only 1-10% of the circulating T cell population, γδT cells play a pivotal role in cancer immunotherapy due to their unique amalgamation of innate and adaptive immune features. These cells can secrete cytokines, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and can directly eliminate tumor cells through mechanisms like Fas/FasL and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Unlike conventional αβT cells, γδT cells can target a wide variety of cancer cells independently of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presentation and function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Their ability of recognizing antigens in a non-MHC restricted manner makes them an ideal candidate for allogeneic immunotherapy. Additionally, γδT cells exhibit specific tissue tropism, and rapid responsiveness upon reaching cellular targets, indicating a high level of cellular precision and adaptability. Despite these capabilities, the therapeutic potential of γδT cells has been hindered by some limitations, including their restricted abundance, unsatisfactory expansion, limited persistence, and complex biology and plasticity. To address these issues, gene-engineering strategies like the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy, T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer, and the combination with γδT cell engagers are being explored. This review will outline the progress in various engineering strategies, discuss their implications and challenges that lie ahead, and the future directions for engineered γδT cells in both monotherapy and combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenjun Wang
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Wang, ; Alice Bertaina,
| | | | | | | | - Alice Bertaina
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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3
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Mullan KA, de Vrij N, Valkiers S, Meysman P. Current annotation strategies for T cell phenotyping of single-cell RNA-seq data. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1306169. [PMID: 38187377 PMCID: PMC10768068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a popular technique for interrogating the diversity and dynamic nature of cellular gene expression and has numerous advantages in immunology. For example, scRNA-seq, in contrast to bulk RNA sequencing, can discern cellular subtypes within a population, which is important for heterogenous populations such as T cells. Moreover, recent advancements in the technology allow the parallel capturing of the highly diverse T-cell receptor (TCR) sequence with the gene expression. However, the field of single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis is still hampered by a lack of gold-standard cell phenotype annotation. This problem is particularly evident in the case of T cells due to the heterogeneity in both their gene expression and their TCR. While current cell phenotype annotation tools can differentiate major cell populations from each other, labelling T-cell subtypes remains problematic. In this review, we identify the common automated strategy for annotating T cells and their subpopulations, and also describe what crucial information is still missing from these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A. Mullan
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS) Consortium, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicky de Vrij
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS) Consortium, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Valkiers
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS) Consortium, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Meysman
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS) Consortium, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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4
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Hu Y, Hu Q, Li Y, Lu L, Xiang Z, Yin Z, Kabelitz D, Wu Y. γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37989744 PMCID: PMC10663641 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients. However, we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harness γδ T cell effector functions in immunotherapy. This review aims to thoroughly examine γδ T cell immunology and its role in diseases. Initially, we elucidate functional differences between γδ T cells and their αβ T cell counterparts. We also provide an overview of major milestones in γδ T cell research since their discovery in 1984. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin, development, fate decisions, and T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement within the thymus. By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinct γδ T cell subtypes based on γδTCR structure or cytokine release, we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understanding γδ T cell function. We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions of γδ T cell subsets, particularly in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Finally, we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneic γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers of γδ T cells, ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
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5
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Tokić S, Jirouš M, Plužarić V, Mihalj M, Šola M, Tolušić Levak M, Glavaš K, Balogh P, Štefanić M. The miR-20a/miR-92b Profile Is Associated with Circulating γδ T-Cell Perturbations in Mild Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4323. [PMID: 36901753 PMCID: PMC10001743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is an autoinflammatory dermatosis of unknown etiology. Current evidence suggests a pathogenic role of γδT cells, but the growing complexity of this population has made the offending subset difficult to pinpoint. The work on γδTCRint and γδTCRhi subsets, which express intermediate and high levels of γδTCR at their surface, respectively, is particularly scarce, leaving their inner workings in PV essentially unresolved. We have shown here that the γδTCRint/γδTCRhi cell composition and their transcriptom are related to the differential miRNA expression by performing a targeted miRNA and mRNA quantification (RT-qPCR) in multiplexed, flow-sorted γδ blood T cells from healthy controls (n = 14) and patients with PV (n = 13). A significant loss of miR-20a in bulk γδT cells (~fourfold decrease, PV vs. controls) largely mirrored increasing Vδ1-Vδ2- and γδintVδ1-Vδ2- cell densities in the bloodstream, culminating in a relative excess of γδintVδ1-Vδ2- cells for PV. Transcripts encoding DNA-binding factors (ZBTB16), cytokine receptors (IL18R1), and cell adhesion molecules (SELPLG) were depleted in the process, closely tracking miR-20a availability in bulk γδ T-cell RNA. Compared to controls, PV was also associated with enhanced miR-92b expression (~13-fold) in bulk γδT cells that lacked association with the γδT cell composition. The miR-29a and let-7c expressions remained unaltered in case-control comparisons. Overall, our data expand the current landscape of the peripheral γδT cell composition, underlining changes in its mRNA/miRNA transcriptional circuits that may inform PV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stana Tokić
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Jirouš
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vera Plužarić
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Šola
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Maja Tolušić Levak
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Glavaš
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Peter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, 7622 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Mario Štefanić
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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6
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Dekkers JF, Alieva M, Cleven A, Keramati F, Wezenaar AKL, van Vliet EJ, Puschhof J, Brazda P, Johanna I, Meringa AD, Rebel HG, Buchholz MB, Barrera Román M, Zeeman AL, de Blank S, Fasci D, Geurts MH, Cornel AM, Driehuis E, Millen R, Straetemans T, Nicolasen MJT, Aarts-Riemens T, Ariese HCR, Johnson HR, van Ineveld RL, Karaiskaki F, Kopper O, Bar-Ephraim YE, Kretzschmar K, Eggermont AMM, Nierkens S, Wehrens EJ, Stunnenberg HG, Clevers H, Kuball J, Sebestyen Z, Rios AC. Uncovering the mode of action of engineered T cells in patient cancer organoids. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:60-69. [PMID: 35879361 PMCID: PMC9849137 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Extending the success of cellular immunotherapies against blood cancers to the realm of solid tumors will require improved in vitro models that reveal therapeutic modes of action at the molecular level. Here we describe a system, called BEHAV3D, developed to study the dynamic interactions of immune cells and patient cancer organoids by means of imaging and transcriptomics. We apply BEHAV3D to live-track >150,000 engineered T cells cultured with patient-derived, solid-tumor organoids, identifying a 'super engager' behavioral cluster comprising T cells with potent serial killing capacity. Among other T cell concepts we also study cancer metabolome-sensing engineered T cells (TEGs) and detect behavior-specific gene signatures that include a group of 27 genes with no previously described T cell function that are expressed by super engager killer TEGs. We further show that type I interferon can prime resistant organoids for TEG-mediated killing. BEHAV3D is a promising tool for the characterization of behavioral-phenotypic heterogeneity of cellular immunotherapies and may support the optimization of personalized solid-tumor-targeting cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Dekkers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Alieva
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Cleven
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Farid Keramati
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amber K L Wezenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esmée J van Vliet
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Microbiome and Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Brazda
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Johanna
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angelo D Meringa
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Heggert G Rebel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maj-Britt Buchholz
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Barrera Román
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amber L Zeeman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sam de Blank
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Domenico Fasci
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Geurts
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annelisa M Cornel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Else Driehuis
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosemary Millen
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mara J T Nicolasen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke Aarts-Riemens
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus C R Ariese
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah R Johnson
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ravian L van Ineveld
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Froso Karaiskaki
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oded Kopper
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yotam E Bar-Ephraim
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center for Cancer Research Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, MSNZ/IZKF, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M M Eggermont
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Comprehensive Cancer Center München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen J Wehrens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Pharma, Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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7
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Deseke M, Rampoldi F, Sandrock I, Borst E, Böning H, Ssebyatika GL, Jürgens C, Plückebaum N, Beck M, Hassan A, Tan L, Demera A, Janssen A, Steinberger P, Koenecke C, Viejo-Borbolla A, Messerle M, Krey T, Prinz I. A CMV-induced adaptive human Vδ1+ γδ T cell clone recognizes HLA-DR. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213357. [PMID: 35852466 PMCID: PMC9301659 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate and adaptive roles of γδ T cells and their clonal γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) in immune responses are still unclear. Recent studies of γδ TCR repertoire dynamics showed massive expansion of individual Vδ1+ γδ T cell clones during viral infection. To judge whether such expansion is random or actually represents TCR-dependent adaptive immune responses, information about their cognate TCR ligands is required. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated screening to identify HLA-DRA, RFXAP, RFX5, and CIITA as required for target cell recognition of a CMV-induced Vγ3Vδ1+ TCR, and further characterization revealed a direct interaction of this Vδ1+ TCR with the MHC II complex HLA-DR. Since MHC II is strongly upregulated by interferon-γ, these results suggest an inflammation-induced MHC-dependent immune response of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Deseke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Borst
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Böning
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - George Liam Ssebyatika
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carina Jürgens
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Plückebaum
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maleen Beck
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Likai Tan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abdi Demera
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Koenecke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Messerle
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Krey
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany,Center for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Correspondence to Immo Prinz:
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8
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Dong R, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Zeng X. Engineering γδ T Cells: Recognizing and Activating on Their Own Way. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889051. [PMID: 35603176 PMCID: PMC9120431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with engineered T cells has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of malignant tumors. Among them, there is great interest in engineered γδ T cells for ACT. With both adaptive and innate immune characteristics, γδ T cells can be activated by γδ TCRs to recognize antigens in a MHC-independent manner, or by NK receptors to recognize stress-induced molecules. The dual recognition system enables γδ T cells with unique activation and cytotoxicity profiles, which should be considered for the design of engineered γδ T cells. However, the current designs of engineered γδ T cells mostly follow the strategies that used in αβ T cells, but not making good use of the specific characteristics of γδ T cells. Therefore, it is no surprising that current engineered γδ T cells in preclinical or clinical trials have limited efficacy. In this review, we summarized the patterns of antigen recognition of γδ T cells and the features of signaling pathways for the functions of γδ T cells. This review will additionally discuss current progress in engineered γδ T cells and provide insights in the design of engineered γδ T cells based on their specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Dong
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haowen Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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9
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The Role of γδ T Cells as a Line of Defense in Viral Infections after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: Opportunities and Challenges. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010117. [PMID: 35062321 PMCID: PMC8779492 DOI: 10.3390/v14010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the complex interplay between inflammation and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), viral reactivations are often observed and cause substantial morbidity and mortality. As toxicity after allo-HSCT within the context of viral reactivations is mainly driven by αβ T cells, we describe that by delaying αβ T cell reconstitution through defined transplantation techniques, we can harvest the full potential of early reconstituting γδ T cells to control viral reactivations. We summarize evidence of how the γδ T cell repertoire is shaped by CMV and EBV reactivations after allo-HSCT, and their potential role in controlling the most important, but not all, viral reactivations. As most γδ T cells recognize their targets in an MHC-independent manner, γδ T cells not only have the potential to control viral reactivations but also to impact the underlying hematological malignancies. We also highlight the recently re-discovered ability to recognize classical HLA-molecules through a γδ T cell receptor, which also surprisingly do not associate with GVHD. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells and their receptors within and outside the context of allo-HSCT, as well as the opportunities and challenges for developers and for payers.
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10
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Results of a multicenter phase I/II trial of TCRαβ and CD19-depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult and pediatric patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 57:423-430. [PMID: 34952929 PMCID: PMC8702395 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from haploidentical donors is a viable option for patients lacking HLA-matched donors. Here we report the results of a prospective multicenter phase I/II trial of transplantation of TCRαβ and CD19-depleted peripheral blood stem cells from haploidentical family donors after a reduced-intensity conditioning with fludarabine, thiotepa, and melphalan. Thirty pediatric and 30 adult patients with acute leukemia (n = 43), myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative syndrome (n = 6), multiple myeloma (n = 1), solid tumors (n = 6), and non-malignant disorders (n = 4) were enrolled. TCR αβ/CD19-depleted grafts prepared decentrally at six manufacturing sites contained a median of 12.1 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg and 14.2 × 103 TCRαβ+ T-cells/kg. None of the patients developed grade lll/IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and only six patients (10%) had grade II acute GVHD. With a median follow-up of 733 days 36/60 patients are alive. The cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality at day 100, 1 and 2 years after HSCT was 5%, 15%, and 17% for all patients, respectively. Estimated probabilities of overall and disease-free survival at 2 years were 63% and 50%, respectively. Based on these promising results in a high-risk patient cohort, haploidentical HSCT using TCRαβ/CD19-depleted grafts represents a viable treatment option.
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11
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van Diest E, Hernández López P, Meringa AD, Vyborova A, Karaiskaki F, Heijhuurs S, Gumathi Bormin J, van Dooremalen S, Nicolasen MJT, Gatti LCDE, Johanna I, Straetemans T, Sebestyén Z, Beringer DX, Kuball J. Gamma delta TCR anti-CD3 bispecific molecules (GABs) as novel immunotherapeutic compounds. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003850. [PMID: 34815357 PMCID: PMC8611453 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background γ9δ2 T cells hold great promise as cancer therapeutics because of their unique capability of reacting to metabolic changes with tumor cells. However, it has proven very difficult to translate this promise into clinical success. Methods In order to better utilize the tumor reactivity of γ9δ2T cells and combine this with the great potential of T cell engager molecules, we developed a novel bispecific molecule by linking the extracellular domains of tumor-reactive γ9δ2TCRs to a CD3-binding moiety, creating gamma delta TCR anti-CD3 bispecific molecules (GABs). GABs were tested in vitro and in vivo for ability to redirect T lymphocytes to a variety of tumor cell lines and primary patient material. Results GABs utilizing naturally occurring high affinity γ9δ2TCRs efficiently induced αβT cell mediated phosphoantigen-dependent recognition of tumor cells. Reactivity was substantially modulated by variations in the Vδ2 CDR3-region and the BTN2A1-binding HV4-region between CDR2 and CDR3 of the γ-chain was crucial for functionality. GABs redirected αβT cells against a broad range of hematopoietic and solid tumor cell lines and primary acute myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, they enhanced infiltration of immune cells in a 3D bone marrow niche and left healthy tissues intact, while eradicating primary multiple myeloma cells. Lastly, GABs constructed from natural high affinity γ9δ2TCR sequences significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo in a subcutaneous myeloma xenograft model. Conclusions We conclude that GABs allow for the introduction of metabolic targeting of cancer cells to the field of T cell engagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline van Diest
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Hernández López
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo D Meringa
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Vyborova
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Froso Karaiskaki
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heijhuurs
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Gumathi Bormin
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne van Dooremalen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mara J T Nicolasen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucrezia C D E Gatti
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Johanna
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyén
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands .,Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Johanna I, Hernández-López P, Heijhuurs S, Scheper W, Bongiovanni L, de Bruin A, Beringer DX, Oostvogels R, Straetemans T, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J. Adding Help to an HLA-A*24:02 Tumor-Reactive γδTCR Increases Tumor Control. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752699. [PMID: 34759930 PMCID: PMC8573335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cell receptors (γδTCRs) recognize a broad range of malignantly transformed cells in mainly a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, making them valuable additions to the engineered immune effector cell therapy that currently focuses primarily on αβTCRs and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). As an exception to the rule, we have previously identified a γδTCR, which exerts antitumor reactivity against HLA-A*24:02-expressing malignant cells, however without the need for defined HLA-restricted peptides, and without exhibiting any sign of off-target toxicity in humanized HLA-A*24:02 transgenic NSG (NSG-A24:02) mouse models. This particular tumor-HLA-A*24:02-specific Vγ5Vδ1TCR required CD8αα co-receptor for its tumor reactive capacity when introduced into αβT cells engineered to express a defined γδTCR (TEG), referred to as TEG011; thus, it was only active in CD8+ TEG011. We subsequently explored the concept of additional redirection of CD4+ T cells through co-expression of the human CD8α gene into CD4+ and CD8+ TEG011 cells, later referred as TEG011_CD8α. Adoptive transfer of TEG011_CD8α cells in humanized HLA-A*24:02 transgenic NSG (NSG-A24:02) mice injected with tumor HLA-A*24:02+ cells showed superior tumor control in comparison to TEG011, and to mock control groups. The total percentage of mice with persisting TEG011_CD8α cells, as well as the total number of TEG011_CD8α cells per mice, was significantly improved over time, mainly due to a dominance of CD4+CD8+ double-positive TEG011_CD8α, which resulted in higher total counts of functional T cells in spleen and bone marrow. We observed that tumor clearance in the bone marrow of TEG011_CD8α-treated mice associated with better human T cell infiltration, which was not observed in the TEG011-treated group. Overall, introduction of transgenic human CD8α receptor on TEG011 improves antitumor reactivity against HLA-A*24:02+ tumor cells and further enhances in vivo tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Johanna
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Sabine Heijhuurs
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter Scheper
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rimke Oostvogels
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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13
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Characterization and modulation of anti-αβTCR antibodies and their respective binding sites at the βTCR chain to enrich engineered T cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 22:388-400. [PMID: 34514030 PMCID: PMC8411211 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cell engineering strategies offer cures to patients and have entered clinical practice with chimeric antibody-based receptors; αβT cell receptor (αβTCR)-based strategies are, however, lagging behind. To allow a more rapid and successful translation to successful concepts also using αβTCRs for engineering, incorporating a method for the purification of genetically modified T cells, as well as engineered T cell deletion after transfer into patients, could be beneficial. This would allow increased efficacy, reduced potential side effects, and improved safety of newly to-be-tested lead structures. By characterizing the antigen-binding interface of a good manufacturing process (GMP)-grade anti-αβTCR antibody, usually used for depletion of αβT cells from stem cell transplantation products, we developed a strategy that allows for the purification of untouched αβTCR-engineered immune cells by changing 2 amino acids only in the TCRβ chain constant domain of introduced TCR chains. Alternatively, we engineered an antibody that targets an extended mutated interface of 9 amino acids in the TCRβ chain constant domain and provides the opportunity to further develop depletion strategies of engineered immune cells.
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14
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de Witte M, Daenen LGM, van der Wagen L, van Rhenen A, Raymakers R, Westinga K, Kuball J. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Platforms With Ex Vivo and In Vivo Immune Manipulations: Count and Adjust. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e580. [PMID: 34095763 PMCID: PMC8171366 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Various allogeneic (allo) stem cell transplantation platforms have been developed over the last 2 decades. In this review we focus on the impact of in vivo and ex vivo graft manipulation on immune reconstitution and clinical outcome. Strategies include anti-thymocyte globulin- and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide-based regimens, as well as graft engineering, such as CD34 selection and CD19/αβT cell depletion. Differences in duration of immune suppression, reconstituting immune repertoires, and associated graft-versus-leukemia effects and toxicities mediated through viral reactivations are highlighted. In addition, we discuss the impact of different reconstituting repertoires on donor lymphocyte infusions and post allo pharmacological interventions to enhance tumor control. We advocate for precisely counting all graft ingredients and therapeutic drug monitoring during conditioning in the peripheral blood, and for adjusting dosing accordingly on an individual basis. In addition, we propose novel trial designs to better assess the impact of variations in transplantation platforms in order to better learn from our diversity of "counts" and potential "adjustments." This will, in the future, allow daily clinical practice, strategic choices, and future trial designs to be based on data guided decisions, rather than relying on dogma and habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek de Witte
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura G. M. Daenen
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte van der Wagen
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna van Rhenen
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reiner Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Westinga
- Cell Therapy Facility, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Qi C, Wang Y, Li P, Zhao J. Gamma Delta T Cells and Their Pathogenic Role in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627139. [PMID: 33732249 PMCID: PMC7959710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells are an unconventional population of T lymphocytes that play an indispensable role in host defense, immune surveillance, and homeostasis of the immune system. They display unique developmental, distributional, and functional patterns and rapidly respond to various insults and contribute to diverse diseases. Although γδT cells make up only a small portion of the total T cell pool, emerging evidence suggest that aberrantly activated γδT cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Dermal γδT cells are the major IL-17-producing cells in the skin that respond to IL-23 stimulation. Furthermore, γδT cells exhibit memory-cell-like characteristics that mediate repeated episodes of psoriatic inflammation. This review discusses the differentiation, development, distribution, and biological function of γδT cells and the mechanisms by which they contribute to psoriasis. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting these cells in psoriasis have also been detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Qi
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinic and Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Psoriasis, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Wang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinic and Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Psoriasis, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinic and Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Psoriasis, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxia Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinic and Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Psoriasis, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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16
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Schmid C, Kuball J, Bug G. Defining the Role of Donor Lymphocyte Infusion in High-Risk Hematologic Malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:397-418. [PMID: 33434060 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schmid
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Augsburg University Hospital, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gesine Bug
- Department of Medicine 2, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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17
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Kaminski H, Marsères G, Cosentino A, Guerville F, Pitard V, Fournié JJ, Merville P, Déchanet-Merville J, Couzi L. Understanding human γδ T cell biology toward a better management of cytomegalovirus infection. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:264-288. [PMID: 33091199 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, namely solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, and can induce congenital infection in neonates. There is currently an unmet need for new management and treatment strategies. Establishment of an anti-CMV immune response is critical in order to control CMV infection. The two main human T cells involved in HCMV-specific response are αβ and non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that belong to γδ T cell compartment. CMV-induced non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cells harbor a specific clonal expansion and a phenotypic signature, and display effector functions against CMV. So far, only two main molecular mechanisms underlying CMV sensing have been identified. Non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be activated either by stress-induced surface expression of the γδT cell receptor (TCR) ligand annexin A2, or by a multimolecular stress signature composed of the γδTCR ligand endothelial protein C receptor and co-stimulatory signals such as the ICAM-1-LFA-1 axis. All this basic knowledge can be harnessed to improve the clinical management of CMV infection in at-risk patients. In particular, non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cell monitoring could help better stratify the risk of infection and move forward a personalized medicine. Moreover, recent advances in cell therapy protocols open the way for a non-Vγ9Vδ2 T cell therapy in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kaminski
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gabriel Marsères
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anaïs Cosentino
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florent Guerville
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,CHU Bordeaux, Pôle de gérontologie, Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Pitard
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 INSERM, Université Toulouse III: Paul-Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Merville
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Lionel Couzi
- ImmunoConcEpT UMR 5164, CNRS, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantation, Dialysis and Apheresis, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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18
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Vyborova A, Beringer DX, Fasci D, Karaiskaki F, van Diest E, Kramer L, de Haas A, Sanders J, Janssen A, Straetemans T, Olive D, Leusen J, Boutin L, Nedellec S, Schwartz SL, Wester MJ, Lidke KA, Scotet E, Lidke DS, Heck AJ, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J. γ9δ2T cell diversity and the receptor interface with tumor cells. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4637-4651. [PMID: 32484803 PMCID: PMC7456241 DOI: 10.1172/jci132489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
γ9δ2T cells play a major role in cancer immune surveillance, yet the clinical translation of their in vitro promise remains challenging. To address limitations of previous clinical attempts using expanded γ9δ2T cells, we explored the clonal diversity of γ9δ2T cell repertoires and characterized their target. We demonstrated that only a fraction of expanded γ9δ2T cells was active against cancer cells and that activity of the parental clone, or functional avidity of selected γ9δ2 T cell receptors (γ9δ2TCRs), was not associated with clonal frequency. Furthermore, we analyzed the target-receptor interface and provided a 2-receptor, 3-ligand model. We found that activation was initiated by binding of the γ9δ2TCR to BTN2A1 through the regions between CDR2 and CDR3 of the TCR γ chain and modulated by the affinity of the CDR3 region of the TCRδ chain, which was phosphoantigen independent (pAg independent) and did not depend on CD277. CD277 was secondary, serving as a mandatory coactivating ligand. We found that binding of CD277 to its putative ligand did not depend on the presence of γ9δ2TCR, did depend on usage of the intracellular CD277, created pAg-dependent proximity to BTN2A1, enhanced cell-cell conjugate formation, and stabilized the immunological synapse (IS). This process critically depended on the affinity of the γ9δ2TCR and required membrane flexibility of the γ9δ2TCR and CD277, facilitating their polarization and high-density recruitment during IS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vyborova
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dennis X. Beringer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Domenico Fasci
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Froso Karaiskaki
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eline van Diest
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lovro Kramer
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aram de Haas
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Sanders
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anke Janssen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Marseille, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lola Boutin
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology,” Nantes, France
| | - Steven Nedellec
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Santé François Bonamy (SFR-Santé), INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Michael J. Wester
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico (UNM), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Keith A. Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico (UNM), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology,” Nantes, France
| | | | - Albert J.R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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19
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Deseke M, Prinz I. Ligand recognition by the γδ TCR and discrimination between homeostasis and stress conditions. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:914-924. [PMID: 32709926 PMCID: PMC7608190 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes comprise cells expressing either an αβ or a γδ TCR. The riddle how αβ TCRs are triggered by specific peptides presented in the context of MHC was elucidated some time ago. In contrast, the mechanisms that underlie antigen recognition by γδ TCRs are still baffling the scientific community. It is clear that activation of γδ TCRs does not necessarily depend on MHC antigen presentation. To date, diverse and largely host-cell-derived molecules have been identified as cognate antigens for the γδ TCR. However, for most γδ TCRs, the activating ligand is still unknown and many open questions with regard to physiological relevance and generalizable concepts remain. Especially the question of how γδ T cells can distinguish homeostatic from stress conditions via their TCR remains largely unresolved. Recent discoveries in the field might have paved the way towards a better understanding of antigen recognition by the γδ TCR and have made it conceivable to revise the current knowledge and contextualize the new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Deseke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Kabelitz D, Serrano R, Kouakanou L, Peters C, Kalyan S. Cancer immunotherapy with γδ T cells: many paths ahead of us. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:925-939. [PMID: 32699351 PMCID: PMC7609273 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play uniquely important roles in stress surveillance and immunity for infections and carcinogenesis. Human γδ T cells recognize and kill transformed cells independently of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction, which is an essential feature of conventional αβ T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells, which prevail in the peripheral blood of healthy adults, are activated by microbial or endogenous tumor-derived pyrophosphates by a mechanism dependent on butyrophilin molecules. γδ T cells expressing other T cell receptor variable genes, notably Vδ1, are more abundant in mucosal tissue. In addition to the T cell receptor, γδ T cells usually express activating natural killer (NK) receptors, such as NKp30, NKp44, or NKG2D which binds to stress-inducible surface molecules that are absent on healthy cells but are frequently expressed on malignant cells. Therefore, γδ T cells are endowed with at least two independent recognition systems to sense tumor cells and to initiate anticancer effector mechanisms, including cytokine production and cytotoxicity. In view of their HLA-independent potent antitumor activity, there has been increasing interest in translating the unique potential of γδ T cells into innovative cellular cancer immunotherapies. Here, we discuss recent developments to enhance the efficacy of γδ T cell-based immunotherapy. This includes strategies for in vivo activation and tumor-targeting of γδ T cells, the optimization of in vitro expansion protocols, and the development of gene-modified γδ T cells. It is equally important to consider potential synergisms with other therapeutic strategies, notably checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, or the (local) activation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ruben Serrano
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Léonce Kouakanou
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Peters
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shirin Kalyan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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21
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The Quest for the Best: How TCR Affinity, Avidity, and Functional Avidity Affect TCR-Engineered T-Cell Antitumor Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071720. [PMID: 32708366 PMCID: PMC7408146 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, adoptive transfer of T cells has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. In particular, T-cell receptor (TCR) engineering of T cells has marked important milestones in developing more precise and personalized cancer immunotherapies. However, to get the most benefit out of this approach, understanding the role that TCR affinity, avidity, and functional avidity play on how TCRs and T cells function in the context of tumor-associated antigen (TAA) recognition is vital to keep generating improved adoptive T-cell therapies. Aside from TCR-related parameters, other critical factors that govern T-cell activation are the effect of TCR co-receptors on TCR–peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) stabilization and TCR signaling, tumor epitope density, and TCR expression levels in TCR-engineered T cells. In this review, we describe the key aspects governing TCR specificity, T-cell activation, and how these concepts can be applied to cancer-specific TCR redirection of T cells.
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22
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Rampoldi F, Ullrich L, Prinz I. Revisiting the Interaction of γδ T-Cells and B-Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E743. [PMID: 32197382 PMCID: PMC7140609 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Right after the discovery of γδ T-cells in 1984, people started asking how γδ T-cells interact with other immune cells such as B-cells. Early reports showed that γδ T-cells are able to help B-cells to produce antibodies and to sustain the production of germinal centers. Interestingly, the presence of γδ T-cells seems to promote the generation of antibodies against "self" and less against challenging pathogens. More recently, these hypotheses were supported using γδ T-cell-deficient mouse strains, in different mouse models of systemic lupus erythematous, and after induction of epithelial cell damage. Together, these studies suggest that the link between γδ T-cells and the production of autoantibodies may be more relevant for the development of autoimmune diseases than generally acknowledged and thus targeting γδ T-cells could represent a new therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on what is known about the communication between γδ T-cells and B-cells, and we discuss the importance of this interaction in the context of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rampoldi
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.U.); (I.P.)
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23
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Johanna I, Hernández-López P, Heijhuurs S, Bongiovanni L, de Bruin A, Beringer D, van Dooremalen S, Shultz LD, Ishikawa F, Sebestyen Z, Straetemans T, Kuball J. TEG011 persistence averts extramedullary tumor growth without exerting off-target toxicity against healthy tissues in a humanized HLA-A*24:02 transgenic mice. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:1069-1079. [PMID: 32022317 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma0120-228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells play an important role in cancer immunosurveillance and are able to distinguish malignant cells from their healthy counterparts via their γδTCR. This characteristic makes γδT cells an attractive candidate for therapeutic application in cancer immunotherapy. Previously, we have identified a novel CD8α-dependent tumor-specific allo-HLA-A*24:02-restricted Vγ5Vδ1TCR with potential therapeutic value when used to engineer αβT cells from HLA-A*24:02 harboring individuals. αβT cells engineered to express this defined Vγ5Vδ1TCR (TEG011) have been suggested to recognize spatial changes in HLA-A*24:02 present selectively on tumor cells but not their healthy counterparts. However, in vivo efficacy and toxicity studies of TEG011 are still limited. Therefore, we extend the efficacy and toxicity studies as well as the dynamics of TEG011 in vivo in a humanized HLA-A*24:02 transgenic NSG (NSG-A24:02) mouse model to allow the preparation of a first-in-men clinical safety package for adoptive transfer of TEG011. Mice treated with TEG011 did not exhibit any graft-versus-host disease-like symptoms and extensive analysis of pathologic changes in NSG-A24:02 mice did not show any off-target toxicity of TEG011. However, loss of persistence of TEG011 in tumor-bearing mice was associated with the outgrowth of extramedullary tumor masses as also observed for mock-treated mice. In conclusion, TEG011 is well tolerated without harming HLA-A*24:02+ expressing healthy tissues, and TEG011 persistence seems to be crucial for long-term tumor control in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Johanna
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Hernández-López
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heijhuurs
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Pathobiology, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Beringer
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne van Dooremalen
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard D Shultz
- Department of Immunology, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Fumihiko Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Janssen A, Villacorta Hidalgo J, Beringer DX, van Dooremalen S, Fernando F, van Diest E, Terrizi AR, Bronsert P, Kock S, Schmitt-Gräff A, Werner M, Heise K, Follo M, Straetemans T, Sebestyen Z, Chudakov DM, Kasatskaya SA, Frenkel FE, Ravens S, Spierings E, Prinz I, Küppers R, Malkovsky M, Fisch P, Kuball J. γδ T-cell Receptors Derived from Breast Cancer-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes Mediate Antitumor Reactivity. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:530-543. [PMID: 32019779 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells in human solid tumors remain poorly defined. Here, we describe molecular and functional analyses of T-cell receptors (TCR) from tumor-infiltrating γδ T lymphocytes (γδ TIL) that were in direct contact with tumor cells in breast cancer lesions from archival material. We observed that the majority of γδ TILs harbored a proinflammatory phenotype and only a minority associated with the expression of IL17. We characterized TCRγ or TCRδ chains of γδ TILs and observed a higher proportion of Vδ2+ T cells compared with other tumor types. By reconstructing matched Vδ2- TCRγ and TCRδ pairs derived from single-cell sequencing, our data suggest that γδ TILs could be active against breast cancer and other tumor types. The reactivity pattern against tumor cells depended on both the TCRγ and TCRδ chains and was independent of additional costimulation through other innate immune receptors. We conclude that γδ TILs can mediate tumor reactivity through their individual γδ TCR pairs and that engineered T cells expressing TCRγ and δ chains derived from γδ TILs display potent antitumor reactivity against different cancer cell types and, thus, may be a valuable tool for engineering immune cells for adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Janssen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jose Villacorta Hidalgo
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne van Dooremalen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Febilla Fernando
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eline van Diest
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Antonela R Terrizi
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kock
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Schmitt-Gräff
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Werner
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Heise
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitry M Chudakov
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofya A Kasatskaya
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sarina Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric Spierings
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Paul Fisch
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. .,Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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25
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Straetemans T, Janssen A, Jansen K, Doorn R, Aarts T, van Muyden ADD, Simonis M, Bergboer J, de Witte M, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J. TEG001 Insert Integrity from Vector Producer Cells until Medicinal Product. Mol Ther 2019; 28:561-571. [PMID: 31882320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive usage of gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) in clinical studies and recent approval of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, little information has been made available on the precise molecular characterization and possible variations in terms of insert integrity and vector copy numbers of different GTMPs during the complete production chain. Within this context, we characterize αβT cells engineered to express a defined γδT cell engineered to express a defined γδT receptor (TEG) currently used in a first-in-human clinical study (NTR6541). Utilizing targeted locus amplification in combination with next generation sequencing for the vector producer clone and TEG001 products, we report on five single-nucleotide variants and nine intact vector copies integrated in the producer clone. The vector copy number in TEG001 cells was on average a factor 0.72 (SD 0.11) below that of the producer cell clone. All nucleotide variants were transferred to TEG001 without having an effect on cellular proliferation during extensive in vitro culture. Based on an environmental risk assessment of the five nucleotide variants present in the non-coding viral region of the TEG001 insert, there was no altered environmental impact of TEG001 cells. We conclude that TEG001 cells do not have an increased risk for malignant transformation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Straetemans
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anke Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Jansen
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud Doorn
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke Aarts
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna D D van Muyden
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Moniek de Witte
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology, Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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