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Cao C, Yang Q, Xia X, Chen Z, Liu P, Wu X, Hu H, Ding Z, Li X. WY-14643, a novel antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent targeting the GPIbα receptor. Thromb Res 2024; 238:41-51. [PMID: 38669962 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypolipidemia and platelet activation play key roles in atherosclerotic diseases. Pirinixic acid (WY-14643) was originally developed as a lipid-lowering drug. Here we focused on its antiplatelet and antithrombotic abilities and the underlying mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of WY-14643 on platelet aggregation was measured using a lumi-aggregometer. Clot retraction and spreading on fibrinogen were also assayed. PPARα-/- platelets were used to identify the target of WY-14643. The interaction between WY-14643 and glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) was detected using cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and molecular docking. GPIbα downstream signaling was examined by Western blot. The antithrombotic effect was investigated using mouse mesenteric arteriole thrombosis model. Mouse tail bleeding model was used to study its effect on bleeding side effects. KEY RESULTS WY-14643 concentration-dependently inhibits human washed platelet aggregation, clot retraction, and spreading. Significantly, WY-14643 inhibits thrombin-induced activation of human washed platelets with an IC50 of 7.026 μM. The antiplatelet effect of WY-14643 is mainly dependent of GPIbα. CESTA, SPR and molecular docking results indicate that WY-14643 directly interacts with GPIbα and acts as a GPIbα antagonist. WY-14643 also inhibits phosphorylation of PLCγ2, Akt, p38, and Erk1/2 induced by thrombin. Noteworthily, 20 mg/kg oral administration of WY-14643 inhibits FeCl3-induced thrombosis of mesenteric arteries in mice similarly to clopidogrel without increasing bleeding. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS WY-14643 is not only a PPARα agonist with lipid-lowering effect, but also an antiplatelet agent as a GPIbα antagonist. It may have more significant therapeutic advantages than current antiplatelet agents for the treatment of atherosclerotic thrombosis, which have lipid-lowering effects without bleeding side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Qingyuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Peilin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhongren Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
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Kogler VJ, Miles JA, Özpolat T, Bailey SL, Byrne DA, Bawcom-Randall M, Wang Y, Larsen HJ, Reed F, Fu X, Stolla M. Platelet dysfunction reversal with cold-stored vs room temperature-stored platelet transfusions. Blood 2024; 143:2073-2088. [PMID: 38427589 PMCID: PMC11143524 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Platelets are stored at room temperature for 5 to 7 days (room temperature-stored platelets [RSPs]). Because of frequent and severe shortages, the US Food and Drug Administration recently approved up to 14-day cold-stored platelets (CSPs) in plasma. However, the posttransfusion function of CSPs is unknown and it is unclear which donors are best suited to provide either RSPs or CSPs. In this study, we sought to evaluate the posttransfusion platelet function and its predictors for platelets stored for the maximum approved storage times (7-day RSPs and 14-day CSPs) in healthy volunteers on acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). We conducted a randomized crossover study in 10 healthy humans. Individuals donated 1 platelet unit, stored at either 22°C or 4°C based on randomization. Before transfusion, participants ingested ASA to inhibit endogenous platelets. Transfusion recipients were tested for platelet function and lipid mediators. Platelet units were tested for lipid mediators only. A second round of transfusion with the alternative product was followed by an identical testing sequence. RSPs reversed platelet inhibition significantly better in αIIbβ3 integrin activation-dependent assays. In contrast, CSPs in recipients led to significantly more thrombin generation, which was independent of platelet microparticles. Lysophosphatidylcholine-O species levels predicted the procoagulant capacity of CSPs. In contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations predicted the aggregation response of RSPs. In summary, we provide, to our knowledge, the first efficacy data of extended-stored CSPs in plasma. Our results suggest that identifying ideal RSP and CSP donors is possible, and pave the way for larger studies in the future. This trial is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT0511102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery J. Kogler
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jeffrey A. Miles
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tahsin Özpolat
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Arizona, School of Medicine, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | | | - Yi Wang
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Franklin Reed
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Moritz Stolla
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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3
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Stanger L, Yamaguchi A, Holinstat M. Antiplatelet strategies: past, present, and future. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3317-3328. [PMID: 38000851 PMCID: PMC10683860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of major cardiovascular diseases triggered by thrombosis. Since the 1900s, significant progress in reducing morbidity and death caused by cardiovascular diseases has been made. However, despite the development and approval of drugs that specifically target the platelet, including inhibitors for cycloxygenase-1, P2Y12 receptor, integrin αIIbβ3, phosphodiesterases, and protease-activated receptor 1, the risk of recurrent thrombotic events remains high, and the increased risk of bleeding is a major concern. Scientific advances in our understanding of the role of platelets in haemostasis and thrombosis have revealed novel targets, such as protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4), glycoprotein Ib (GPIb)-V-IX complex, glycoprotein VI, and 12-lipoxygenase. The antithrombotic effects and safety of the pharmacologic inhibition of these targets are currently under investigation in clinical studies. This review provides an overview of drugs in early development to target the platelet and those in current use in clinical practice. Furthermore, it describes the emerging drug targets being developed and studied to reduce platelet activity and outlines potential novel therapeutic targets in the platelet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Stanger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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4
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Khan I, Minto RE, Kelley-Patteson C, Singh K, Timsina L, Suh LJ, Rinne E, Van Natta BW, Neumann CR, Mohan G, Lester M, VonDerHaar RJ, German R, Marino N, Hassanein AH, Gordillo GM, Kaplan MH, Sen CK, Kadin ME, Sinha M. Biofilm-derived oxylipin 10-HOME-mediated immune response in women with breast implants. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e165644. [PMID: 38032740 PMCID: PMC10849761 DOI: 10.1172/jci165644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates a mechanistic link of bacterial biofilm-mediated host-pathogen interaction leading to immunological complications associated with breast implant illness (BII). Over 10 million women worldwide have breast implants. In recent years, women have described a constellation of immunological symptoms believed to be related to their breast implants. We report that periprosthetic breast tissue of participants with symptoms associated with BII had increased abundance of biofilm and biofilm-derived oxylipin 10-HOME compared with participants with implants who are without symptoms (non-BII) and participants without implants. S. epidermidis biofilm was observed to be higher in the BII group compared with the non-BII group and the normal tissue group. Oxylipin 10-HOME was found to be immunogenically capable of polarizing naive CD4+ T cells with a resulting Th1 subtype in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, an abundance of CD4+Th1 subtype was observed in the periprosthetic breast tissue and blood of people in the BII group. Mice injected with 10-HOME also had increased Th1 subtype in their blood, akin to patients with BII, and demonstrated fatigue-like symptoms. The identification of an oxylipin-mediated mechanism of immune activation induced by local bacterial biofilm provides insight into the possible pathogenesis of the implant-associated immune symptoms of BII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert E. Minto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lava Timsina
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lily J. Suh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ethan Rinne
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Colby R. Neumann
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ganesh Mohan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mary Lester
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - R. Jason VonDerHaar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rana German
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Natascia Marino
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, and
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Aladdin H. Hassanein
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gayle M. Gordillo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marshall E. Kadin
- Department of Dermatology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mithun Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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5
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Stanger L, Yamaguchi A, Yalavarthi P, Lambert S, Gilmore D, Rickenberg A, Luke C, Kumar K, Obi AT, White A, Bergh N, Dahlöf B, Holinstat M. The oxylipin analog CS585 prevents platelet activation and thrombosis through activation of the prostacyclin receptor. Blood 2023; 142:1556-1569. [PMID: 37624927 PMCID: PMC10656727 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Platelet activation is critical for maintaining hemostasis and preventing the leakage of blood cells from the vessel. There has been a paucity in the development of new drugs to target platelet reactivity. Recently, the oxylipin 12(S)-hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (12-HETrE), which is produced in platelets, was shown to limit platelet reactivity by activating the prostacyclin receptor. Here, we demonstrated the synthesis of a novel analog of 12-HETrE, known as CS585. Human blood and mouse models of hemostasis and thrombosis were assessed for the ability of CS585 to attenuate platelet activation and thrombosis without increasing the risk of bleeding. Human platelet activation was assessed using aggregometry, flow cytometry, western blot analysis, total thrombus formation analysis system, microfluidic perfusion chamber, and thromboelastography. Hemostasis, thrombosis, and bleeding assays were performed in mice. CS585 was shown to potently target the prostacyclin receptor on the human platelet, resulting in a highly selective and effective mechanism for the prevention of platelet activation. Furthermore, CS585 was shown to inhibit platelet function in human whole blood ex vivo, prevent thrombosis in both small and large vessels in mouse models, and exhibit long-lasting prevention of clot formation. Finally, CS585 was not observed to perturb coagulation or increase the risk of bleeding in the mouse model. Hence, CS585 represents a new validated target for the treatment of thrombotic diseases without the risk of bleeding or off-target activation observed with other prostaglandin receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Stanger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Pooja Yalavarthi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sylviane Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Devin Gilmore
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew Rickenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Catherine Luke
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kiran Kumar
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrea T. Obi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Niklas Bergh
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cereno Scientific, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Dahlöf
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cereno Scientific, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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6
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Staels B, Butruille L, Francque S. Treating NASH by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. J Hepatol 2023; 79:1302-1316. [PMID: 37459921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) encompasses a complex set of intra- and extrahepatic driving mechanisms, involving numerous metabolic, inflammatory, vascular and fibrogenic pathways. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α, β/δ and γ belong to the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors. Activated PPARs modulate target tissue transcriptomic profiles, enabling the body's adaptation to changing nutritional, metabolic and inflammatory environments. PPARs hence regulate several pathways involved in NASH pathogenesis. Whereas single PPAR agonists exert robust anti-NASH activity in several preclinical models, their clinical effects on histological endpoints of NASH resolution and fibrosis regression appear more modest. Simultaneous activation of several PPAR isotypes across different organs and within-organ cell types, resulting in pleiotropic actions, enhances the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists as pharmacological agents for NASH and NASH-related hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity, with some compounds having already shown clinical efficacy on histological endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France.
| | - Laura Butruille
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, B-2650, Edegem, Belgium; InflaMed Centre of Excellence, Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Translational Sciences in Inflammation and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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7
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Tran M, Stanger L, Narendra S, Holinstat M, Holman TR. Investigating the catalytic efficiency of C22-Fatty acids with LOX human isozymes and the platelet response of the C22-oxylipin products. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 747:109742. [PMID: 37696384 PMCID: PMC10821779 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been extensively studied for their health benefits because they can be oxidized by lipoxygenases to form bioactive oxylipins. In this study, we investigated the impact of double bond placement on the kinetic properties and product profiles of human platelet 12-lipoxygenase (h12-LOX), human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 (h15-LOX-1), and human endothelial 15-lipoxygenase-2 (h15-LOX-2) by using 22-carbon (C22) fatty acid substrates with differing double bond content. With respect to kcat/KM values, the loss of Δ4 and Δ19 led to an 18-fold loss of kinetic activity for h12-LOX, no change in kinetic capability for h15-LOX-1, but a 24-fold loss for h15-LOX-2 for both C22-FAs. With respect to the product profiles, h12-LOX produced mainly 14-oxylipins. For h15-LOX-1, the 14-oxylipin production increased with the loss of either Δ4 and Δ19, however, the 17-oxylipin became the major species upon loss of both Δ4 and Δ19. h15-LOX-2 produced mostly the 17-oxylipin products throughout the fatty acid series. This study also investigated the effects of various 17-oxylipins on platelet activation. The results revealed that both 17(S)-hydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-DHA (17-HDHA) and 17-hydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E-DPAn6 (17-HDPAn6) demonstrated anti-aggregation properties with thrombin or collagen stimulation. 17-hydroxy-7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-DPAn3 (17-HDPAn3) exhibited agonistic properties, and 17-hydroxy-7Z,10Z,13Z,15E-DTA (17-HDTA) showed biphasic effects, inhibiting collagen-induced aggregation at lower concentrationsbut promoting aggregation at higher concentrations. Both 17-hydroxy-13Z,15E,19Z-DTrA (17-HDTrA), and 17-hydroxy-13Z,15E-DDiA (17-HDDiA) induced platelet aggregation. In summary, the number and placement of the double bonds affect platelet activation, with the general trend being that more double bonds generally inhibit aggregation, while less double bonds promote aggregation. These findings provide insights into the potential role of specific fatty acids and their metabolizing LOX isozymes with respect to cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Livia Stanger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Srihari Narendra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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8
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Stanger L, Holinstat M. Bioactive lipid regulation of platelet function, hemostasis, and thrombosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108420. [PMID: 37100208 PMCID: PMC11143998 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are small, anucleate cells in the blood that play a crucial role in the hemostatic response but are also implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. It is widely appreciated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an integral role in the function and regulation of platelets. PUFAs are substrates for oxygenase enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). These enzymes generate oxidized lipids (oxylipins) that exhibit either pro- or anti-thrombotic effects. Although the effects of certain oxylipins, such as thromboxanes and prostaglandins, have been studied for decades, only one oxylipin has been therapeutically targeted to treat cardiovascular disease. In addition to the well-known oxylipins, newer oxylipins that demonstrate activity in the platelet have been discovered, further highlighting the expansive list of bioactive lipids that can be used to develop novel therapeutics. This review outlines the known oxylipins, their activity in the platelet, and current therapeutics that target oxylipin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Stanger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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9
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Yamaguchi A, van Hoorebeke C, Tourdot BE, Perry S, Lee G, Rhoads N, Rickenberg A, Green A, Sorrentino J, Yeung J, Freedman JC, Holman TR, Holinstat M. Fatty acids negatively regulate platelet function through formation of noncanonical 15-lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01056. [PMID: 36708179 PMCID: PMC9883682 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiplatelet effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids is primarily attributed to its metabolism to bioactive metabolites by oxygenases, such as lipoxygenases (LOX). Platelets have demonstrated the ability to generate 15-LOX-derived metabolites (15-oxylipins); however, whether 15-LOX is in the platelet or is required for the formation of 15-oxylipins remains unclear. This study seeks to elucidate whether 15-LOX is required for the formation of 15-oxylipins in the platelet and determine their mechanistic effects on platelet reactivity. In this study, 15-HETrE, 15-HETE, and 15-HEPE attenuated collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and 15-HETrE inhibited platelet aggregation induced by different agonists. The observed anti-aggregatory effect was due to the inhibition of intracellular signaling including αIIbβ3 and protein kinase C activities, calcium mobilization, and granule secretion. While 15-HETrE inhibited platelets partially through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPARβ), 15-HETE also inhibited platelets partially through activation of PPARα. 15-HETrE, 15-HETE, or 15-HEPE inhibited 12-LOX in vitro, with arachidonic acid as the substrate. Additionally, a 15-oxylipin-dependent attenuation of 12-HETE level was observed in platelets following ex vivo treatment with 15-HETrE, 15-HETE, or 15-HEPE. Platelets treated with DGLA formed 15-HETrE and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was attenuated only in the presence of ML355 or aspirin, but not in the presence of 15-LOX-1 or 15-LOX-2 inhibitors. Expression of 15-LOX-1, but not 15-LOX-2, was decreased in leukocyte-depleted platelets compared to non-depleted platelets. Taken together, these findings suggest that 15-oxylipins regulate platelet reactivity; however, platelet expression of 15-LOX-1 is low, suggesting that 15-oxylipins may be formed in the platelet through a 15-LOX-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | | | - Steven C. Perry
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Grace Lee
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nicole Rhoads
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Andrew Rickenberg
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Abigail R. Green
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - James Sorrentino
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer Yeung
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - J. Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theodore R. Holman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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10
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Yamaguchi A, Stanger L, Freedman JC, Prieur A, Thav R, Tena J, Holman TR, Holinstat M. Supplementation with omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids attenuates platelet reactivity in postmenopausal women. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2378-2391. [PMID: 35791734 PMCID: PMC9579391 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are at increased risk for a cardiovascular event due to platelet hyperactivity. There is evidence suggesting that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ω-6 PUFAs have cardioprotective effects in these women. However, a mechanistic understanding of how these fatty acids regulate platelet function is unknown. In this study, we supplemented postmenopausal women with fish oil (ω-3 fatty acids) or evening primrose oil (ω-6 fatty acids) and investigated the effects on their platelet activity. The effects of fatty acid supplementation on platelet aggregation, dense granule secretion, and activation of integrin αIIbβ3 at basal levels and in response to agonist were tested in postmenopausal women following a supplementation and washout period. Supplementation with fish oil or primrose oil attenuated the thrombin receptor PAR4-induced platelet aggregation. Supplementation with ω-3 or ω-6 fatty acids decreased platelet dense granule secretion and attenuated basal levels of integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Interestingly, after the washout period following supplementation with primrose oil, platelet aggregation was similarly attenuated. Additionally, for either treatment, the observed protective effects post-supplementation on platelet dense granule secretion and basal levels of integrin activation were sustained after the washout period, suggesting a long-term shift in platelet reactivity due to fatty acid supplementation. These findings begin to elucidate the underlying mechanistic effects of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids on platelet reactivity in postmenopausal women. Hence, this study supports the beneficial effects of fish oil or primrose oil supplementation as a therapeutic intervention to reduce the risk of thrombotic events in postmenopausal women. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02629497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Livia Stanger
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - John Cody Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amanda Prieur
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Rachel Thav
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Cranbrook SchoolsBloomfield HillsMichiganUSA
| | - Jennyfer Tena
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theodore R. Holman
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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11
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Yamaguchi A, Botta E, Holinstat M. Eicosanoids in inflammation in the blood and the vessel. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997403. [PMID: 36238558 PMCID: PMC9551235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are structural components of membrane phospholipids in cells. PUFAs regulate cellular function through the formation of derived lipid mediators termed eicosanoids. The oxygenation of 20-carbon PUFAs via the oxygenases cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, or cytochrome P450, generates a class of classical eicosanoids including prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, and also the more recently identified hydroxy-, hydroperoxy-, epoxy- and oxo-eicosanoids, and the specialized pro-resolving (lipid) mediators. These eicosanoids play a critical role in the regulation of inflammation in the blood and the vessel. While arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids are extensively studied due to their pro-inflammatory effects and therefore involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and the coronavirus disease 2019; in recent years, several eicosanoids have been reported to attenuate exacerbated inflammatory responses and participate in the resolution of inflammation. This review focused on elucidating the biosynthesis and the mechanistic signaling of eicosanoids in inflammation, as well as the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of these eicosanoids in the blood and the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Eliana Botta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Michael Holinstat,
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12
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Enayati A, Ghojoghnejad M, Roufogalis BD, Maollem SA, Sahebkar A. Impact of Phytochemicals on PPAR Receptors: Implications for Disease Treatments. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:4714914. [PMID: 36092543 PMCID: PMC9453090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4714914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor family. PPARs have attracted wide attention as pharmacologic mediators to manage multiple diseases and their underlying signaling targets. They mediate a broad range of specific biological activities and multiple organ toxicity, including cellular differentiation, metabolic syndrome, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation related to their up/downstream signaling pathways. Consequently, several types of selective PPAR ligands, such as fibrates and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have been approved as their pharmacological agonists. Despite these advances, the use of PPAR agonists is known to cause adverse effects in various systems. Conversely, some naturally occurring PPAR agonists, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural endogenous PPAR agonists curcumin and resveratrol, have been introduced as safe agonists as a result of their clinical evidence or preclinical experiments. This review focuses on research on plant-derived active ingredients (natural phytochemicals) as potential safe and promising PPAR agonists. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive review and critique of the role of phytochemicals in PPARs-related diseases and provides an understanding of phytochemical-mediated PPAR-dependent and -independent cascades. The findings of this research will help to define the functions of phytochemicals as potent PPAR pharmacological agonists in underlying disease mechanisms and their related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghojoghnejad
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Basil D. Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Adel Maollem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Huang C, Gao J, Wei T, Shen W. Angiotensin II-induced erythrocyte senescence contributes to oxidative stress. Rejuvenation Res 2021; 25:30-38. [PMID: 34969261 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2021.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may be an important cause of erythrocyte senescence. Angiotensin II (Ang II) has recently been shown to promote vascular cell senescence. However, its effects on erythrocytes remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of Ang II in regulating erythrocyte lifespan through oxidative stress. Experiments were performed in C57/BL6J mice infused with Ang II (1500 ng/kg per minute) or saline for 7 days. Following Ang II infusion, we found that Ang II increased erythrocyte number, hemoglobin and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). These differences were accompanied by a decrease in glutathione (GSH) and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. In vitro, after 24 hours of Ang II treatment, erythrocytes showed reduced surface expression of CD47 and increased phosphatidylserine exposure. In parallel, Ang II reduced the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including Cu/ZnSOD, catalase, and peroxidase 2 (PRDX2). These effects were reversed by the addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine or the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker losartan. In addition, Ang II treatment increased pro-inflammatory oxylipin, including hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and dihydroxyoctadecenoic acids (DiHOMEs) in the erythrocyte membranes. Collectively, Ang II induced erythrocyte senescence and susceptibility to eryptosis, partially due to enhanced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, 194034, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
| | - Jing Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, 194034, Shanghai, China;
| | - Tong Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, 194034, Shanghai, China;
| | - Weili Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, 194034, 197,2nd Ruijin road, Shanghai, China, 200025;
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14
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Effects of Nutrients on Platelet Function: A Modifiable Link between Metabolic Syndrome and Neurodegeneration? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101455. [PMID: 34680088 PMCID: PMC8533544 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of vascular dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies underline that platelets play an important role in linking peripheral with central metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. In this narrative review, we address the activation of platelets in metabolic syndrome, their effects on neuronal processes and the role of the mediators (e.g., serotonin, platelet-derived growth factor). Emerging evidence shows that nutritional compounds and their metabolites modulate these interactions-specifically, long chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids and phenolic compounds. We reviewed the role of activated platelets in neurovascular processes and nutritional compounds in platelet activation.
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Tsai WC, Kalyanaraman C, Yamaguchi A, Holinstat M, Jacobson MP, Holman TR. In Vitro Biosynthetic Pathway Investigations of Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) and Protectin DX (PDX) by Human 12-Lipoxygenase, 15-Lipoxygenase-1, and 15-Lipoxygenase-2. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1741-1754. [PMID: 34029049 PMCID: PMC9007043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, human platelet 12-lipoxygenase [h12-LOX (ALOX12)], human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 [h15-LOX-1 (ALOX15)], and human epithelial 15-lipoxygenase-2 [h15-LOX-2 (ALOX15B)] were observed to react with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and produce 17S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (17S-HpDHA). The kcat/KM values with DHA for h12-LOX, h15-LOX-1, and h15-LOX-2 were 12, 0.35, and 0.43 s-1 μM-1, respectively, which demonstrate h12-LOX as the most efficient of the three. These values are comparable to their counterpart kcat/KM values with arachidonic acid (AA), 14, 0.98, and 0.24 s-1 μM-1, respectively. Comparison of their product profiles with DHA demonstrates that the three LOX isozymes produce 11S-HpDHA, 14S-HpDHA, and 17S-HpDHA, to varying degrees, with 17S-HpDHA being the majority product only for the 15-LOX isozymes. The effective kcat/KM values (kcat/KM × percent product formation) for 17S-HpDHA of the three isozymes indicate that the in vitro value of h12-LOX was 2.8-fold greater than that of h15-LOX-1 and 1.3-fold greater than that of h15-LOX-2. 17S-HpDHA was an effective substrate for h12-LOX and h15-LOX-1, with four products being observed under reducing conditions: protectin DX (PDX), 16S,17S-epoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,14E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (16S,17S-epoxyDHA), the key intermediate in neuroprotection D1 biosynthesis [NPD1, also known as protectin D1 (PD1)], 11,17S-diHDHA, and 16,17S-diHDHA. However, h15-LOX-2 did not react with 17-HpDHA. With respect to their effective kcat/KM values, h12-LOX was markedly less effective than h15-LOX-1 in reacting with 17S-HpDHA, with a 55-fold lower effective kcat/KM in producing 16S,17S-epoxyDHA and a 27-fold lower effective kcat/KM in generating PDX. This is the first direct demonstration of h15-LOX-1 catalyzing this reaction and reveals an in vitro pathway for PDX and NPD1 intermediate biosynthesis. In addition, epoxide formation from 17S-HpDHA and h15-LOX-1 was negatively affected via allosteric regulation by 17S-HpDHA (Kd = 5.9 μM), 12S-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (12S-HETE) (Kd = 2.5 μM), and 17S-hydroxy-13Z,15E,19Z-docosatrienoic acid (17S-HDTA) (Kd = 1.4 μM), suggesting a possible regulatory pathway in reducing epoxide formation. Finally, 17S-HpDHA and PDX inhibited platelet aggregation, with EC50 values of approximately 1 and 3 μM, respectively. The in vitro results presented here may help advise in vivo PDX and NPD1 intermediate (i.e., 16S,17S-epoxyDHA) biosynthetic investigations and support the benefits of DHA rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodore R Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Cao Z, Wang T, Xia W, Zhu B, Tian M, Zhao R, Guan D. A Pilot Metabolomic Study on Myocardial Injury Caused by Chronic Alcohol Consumption-Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. Molecules 2021; 26:2177. [PMID: 33918931 PMCID: PMC8070378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption leads to myocardial injury, ventricle dilation, and cardiac dysfunction, which is defined as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). To explore the induced myocardial injury and underlying mechanism of ACM, the Liber-DeCarli liquid diet was used to establish an animal model of ACM and histopathology, echocardiography, molecular biology, and metabolomics were employed. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining revealed disordered myocardial structure and local fibrosis in the ACM group. Echocardiography revealed thinning wall and dilation of the left ventricle and decreased cardiac function in the ACM group, with increased serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and expression of myocardial BNP mRNA measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Through metabolomic analysis of myocardium specimens, 297 differentially expressed metabolites were identified which were involved in KEGG pathways related to the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin digestion and absorption, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism. The present study demonstrated chronic alcohol consumption caused disordered cardiomyocyte structure, thinning and dilation of the left ventricle, and decreased cardiac function. Metabolomic analysis of myocardium specimens and KEGG enrichment analysis further demonstrated that several differentially expressed metabolites and pathways were involved in the ACM group, which suggests potential causes of myocardial injury due to chronic alcohol exposure and provides insight for further research elucidating the underlying mechanisms of ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (Z.C.); (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (Z.C.); (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Forensic Toxicological Analysis, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (Z.C.); (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Meihui Tian
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (Z.C.); (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (Z.C.); (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Dawei Guan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (Z.C.); (T.W.); (B.Z.); (M.T.)
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17
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Yamaguchi A, Stanger L, Freedman CJ, Standley M, Hoang T, Reheman A, Wan-Chen T, van Hoorebeke C, Holman TR, Holinstat M. DHA 12-LOX-derived oxylipins regulate platelet activation and thrombus formation through a PKA-dependent signaling pathway. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:839-851. [PMID: 33222370 PMCID: PMC7925359 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular disease are controversial and a mechanistic understanding of how this omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) regulates platelet reactivity and the subsequent risk of a thrombotic event is warranted. In platelets, DHA is oxidized by 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) producing the oxidized lipids (oxylipins) 11-HDHA and 14-HDHA. We hypothesized that 12-LOX DHA-oxylipins may be involved in the beneficial effects observed in dietary supplemental treatment with ω-3 PUFAs or DHA itself. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of DHA, 11-HDHA, and 14-HDHA on platelet function and thrombus formation, and to elucidate the mechanism by which these ω-3 PUFAs regulate platelet activation. METHODS AND RESULTS DHA, 11-HDHA, and 14-HDHA attenuated collagen-induced human platelet aggregation, but only the oxylipins inhibited ⍺IIbβ3 activation and decreased ⍺-granule secretion. Furthermore, treatment of whole blood with DHA and its oxylipins impaired platelet adhesion and accumulation to a collagen-coated surface. Interestingly, thrombus formation was only diminished in mice treated with 11-HDHA or 14-HDHA, and mouse platelet activation was inhibited following acute treatment with these oxylipins or chronic treatment with DHA, suggesting that under physiologic conditions, the effects of DHA are mediated through its oxylipins. Finally, the protective mechanism of DHA oxylipins was shown to be mediated via activation of protein kinase A. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first mechanistic evidence of how DHA and its 12-LOX oxylipins inhibit platelet activity and thrombus formation. These findings support the beneficial effects of DHA as therapeutic intervention in atherothrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Livia Stanger
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME
| | - Cody J Freedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Melissa Standley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Timothy Hoang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Adili Reheman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tsai Wan-Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | | | - Theodore R. Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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