1
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Li S, Huang Q, He B. SIRT1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Lung 2023; 201:201-215. [PMID: 36790647 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction and lung function decline. It is well established that COPD represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Due to the substantial economic and social burdens associated with COPD, it is necessary to discover new targets and develop novel beneficial therapies. Although the pathogenesis of COPD is complex and remains to be robustly elucidated, numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, cell apoptosis, autophagy, and aging are involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase belonging to the silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) family. Multiple studies have indicated that SIRT1 plays an important role in oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and cellular senescence, which contributes to the pathogenesis and development of COPD. This review aimed to discuss the functions and mechanisms of SIRT1 in the progression of COPD and concluded that SIRT1 activation might be a potential therapeutic strategy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Baimei He
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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2
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Zhang XY, Li W, Zhang JR, Li CY, Zhang J, Lv XJ. Roles of sirtuin family members in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2022; 23:66. [PMID: 35313881 PMCID: PMC8939123 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The globally increasing annual incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common chronic disease, poses a serious risk to public health. Although the exact mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of COPD remains unclear, a large number of studies have shown that its pathophysiology and disease course are closely related to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and aging. The key players involved in COPD include the sirtuin family of NAD-dependent deacetylases that comprise seven members (SIRT1-7) in mammals. Sirtuins play an important role in metabolic diseases, cell cycle control, proliferation, apoptosis, and senescence. Owing to differences in subcellular localization, sirtuins exhibit anisotropy. In this narrative review, we discuss the roles and molecular pathways of each member of the sirtuin family involved in COPD to provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of COPD and how sirtuins may serve as adjuvants for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xue-Jiao Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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3
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Suzuki M, Cole JJ, Konno S, Makita H, Kimura H, Nishimura M, Maciewicz RA. Large-scale plasma proteomics can reveal distinct endotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe asthma. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12091. [PMID: 34962717 PMCID: PMC8686766 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic airway diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are heterogenous in nature and endotypes within are underpinned by complex biology. This study aimed to investigate the utility of proteomic profiling of plasma combined with bioinformatic mining, and to define molecular endotypes and expand our knowledge of the underlying biology in chronic respiratory diseases. METHODS The plasma proteome was evaluated using an aptamer-based affinity proteomics platform (SOMAscan®), representing 1238 proteins in 34 subjects with stable COPD and 51 subjects with stable but severe asthma. For each disease, we evaluated a range of clinical/demographic characteristics including bronchodilator reversibility, blood eosinophilia levels, and smoking history. We applied modified bioinformatic approaches used in the evaluation of RNA transcriptomics. RESULTS Subjects with COPD and severe asthma were distinguished from each other by 365 different protein abundancies, with differential pathway networks and upstream modulators. Furthermore, molecular endotypes within each disease could be defined. The protein groups that defined these endotypes had both known and novel biology including groups significantly enriched in exosomal markers derived from immune/inflammatory cells. Finally, we observed associations to clinical characteristics that previously have been under-explored. CONCLUSION This investigational study evaluating the plasma proteome in clinically-phenotyped subjects with chronic airway diseases provides support that such a method can be used to define molecular endotypes and pathobiological mechanisms that underpins these endotypes. It provided new concepts about the complexity of molecular pathways that define these diseases. In the longer term, such information will help to refine treatment options for defined groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - John J. Cole
- GLAZgo Discovery CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Satoshi Konno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hironi Makita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Hokkaido Medical Research Institute for Respiratory DiseasesSapporoJapan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Masaharu Nishimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Hokkaido Medical Research Institute for Respiratory DiseasesSapporoJapan
| | - Rose A. Maciewicz
- GLAZgo Discovery CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech UnitAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
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4
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Calverley PMA, Walker PP. Genetics, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and the Arrow of Time. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:654-655. [PMID: 31059281 PMCID: PMC6775883 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201904-0813ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M A Calverley
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdomand
- Aintree Chest CentreUniversity Hospital AintreeLiverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul P Walker
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool, United Kingdomand
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5
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Wellmerling JH, Chang SW, Kim E, Osman WH, Boyaka PN, Borchers MT, Cormet-Boyaka E. Reduced expression of the Ion channel CFTR contributes to airspace enlargement as a consequence of aging and in response to cigarette smoke in mice. Respir Res 2019; 20:200. [PMID: 31477092 PMCID: PMC6720379 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a complex disease resulting in respiratory failure and represents the third leading cause of global death. The two classical phenotypes of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Owing to similarities between chronic bronchitis and the autosomal-recessive disease Cystic Fibrosis (CF), a significant body of research addresses the hypothesis that dysfunctional CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) is implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. Much less attention has been given to emphysema in this context, despite similarities between the two diseases. These include early-onset cellular senescence, similar comorbidities, and the finding that CF patients develop emphysema as they age. To determine a potential role for CFTR dysfunction in the development of emphysema, Cftr+/+ (Wild-type; WT), Cftr+/− (heterozygous), and Cftr−/− (knock-out; KO) mice were aged or exposed to cigarette smoke and analyzed for airspace enlargement. Aged knockout mice demonstrated increased alveolar size compared to age-matched wild-type and heterozygous mice. Furthermore, both heterozygous and knockout mice developed enlarged alveoli compared to their wild-type counterparts following chronic smoke exposure. Taken into consideration with previous findings that cigarette smoke leads to reduced CFTR function, our findings suggest that decreased CFTR expression sensitizes the lung to the effects of cigarette smoke. These findings may caution normally asymptomatic CF carriers against exposure to cigarette smoke; as well as highlight emphysema as a future challenge for CF patients as they continue to live longer. More broadly, our data, along with clinical findings, may implicate CFTR dysfunction in a pathology resembling accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack H Wellmerling
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sheng-Wei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wissam H Osman
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael T Borchers
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Estelle Cormet-Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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6
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Nazemisalman B, Vahabi S, Sabouri E, Hosseinpour S, Doaju S. Association of vitamin D binding protein and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis. Odontology 2018; 107:46-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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7
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New Anti-inflammatory Drugs for COPD: Is There a Possibility of Developing Drugs That Can Fundamentally Suppress Inflammation? RESPIRATORY DISEASE SERIES: DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0839-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Jolliffe DA, Walton RT, Griffiths CJ, Martineau AR. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D pathway associating with circulating concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and non-skeletal health outcomes: Review of genetic association studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:18-29. [PMID: 26686945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism and transport are recognised to influence vitamin D status. Syntheses of genetic association studies linking these variants to non-skeletal health outcomes are lacking. We therefore conducted a literature review to identify reports of statistically significant associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 11 vitamin D pathway genes (DHCR7, CYP2R1, CYP3A4, CYP27A1, DBP, LRP2, CUB, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, VDR and RXRA) and non-bone health outcomes and circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D). A total of 120 genetic association studies reported positive associations, of which 44 investigated determinants of circulating 25(OH)D and/or 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, and 76 investigated determinants of non-skeletal health outcomes. Statistically significant associations were reported for a total of 55 SNP in the 11 genes investigated. There was limited overlap between genetic determinants of vitamin D status and those associated with non-skeletal health outcomes: polymorphisms in DBP, CYP2R1 and DHCR7 were the most frequent to be reported to associate with circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D, while polymorphisms in VDR were most commonly reported to associate with non-skeletal health outcomes, among which infectious and autoimmune diseases were the most represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Jolliffe
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK.
| | - Robert T Walton
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Christopher J Griffiths
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK.
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9
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Fallica J, Varela L, Johnston L, Kim B, Serebreni L, Wang L, Damarla M, Kolb TM, Hassoun PM, Damico R. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor: A Novel Inhibitor of Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1-p38-Xanthine Oxidoreductase-Dependent Cigarette Smoke-Induced Apoptosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:504-14. [PMID: 26390063 PMCID: PMC4821049 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0403oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is the leading cause of emphysema. CS mediates pathologic emphysematous remodeling of the lung via apoptosis of lung parenchymal cells resulting in enlargement of the airspaces, loss of the capillary bed, and diminished surface area for gas exchange. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pleiotropic cytokine, is reduced both in a preclinical model of CS-induced emphysema and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, particularly those with the most severe disease and emphysematous phenotype. MIF functions to antagonize CS-induced DNA damage, p53-dependent apoptosis of pulmonary endothelial cells (EndoCs) and resultant emphysematous tissue remodeling. Using primary alveolar EndoCs and a mouse model of CS-induced lung damage, we investigated the capacity and molecular mechanism(s) by which MIF modifies oxidant injury. Here, we demonstrate that both the activity of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a superoxide-generating enzyme obligatory for CS-induced DNA damage and EndoC apoptosis, and superoxide concentrations are increased after CS exposure in the absence of MIF. Both XOR hyperactivation and apoptosis in the absence of MIF occurred via a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family member, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), was necessary for CS-induced p38 activation and EndoC apoptosis. MIF was sufficient to directly suppress ASK1 enzymatic activity. Taken together, MIF suppresses CS-mediated cytotoxicity in the lung, in part by antagonizing ASK1-p38-XOR-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fallica
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lidenys Varela
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Laura Johnston
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Bo Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Leonid Serebreni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Lan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Mahendra Damarla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Todd M. Kolb
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Paul M. Hassoun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Rachel Damico
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
- Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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Song W, Wang X, Tian Y, Zhang X, Lu R, Meng H. GC Gene Polymorphisms and Vitamin D-Binding Protein Levels Are Related to the Risk of Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:5141089. [PMID: 28018430 PMCID: PMC5149651 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5141089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To explore whether GC (group-specific component) rs17467825, rs4588, and rs7041 polymorphisms are associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis. Methods. This case-control study recruited 372 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (group AgP) and 133 periodontal healthy subjects (group HP). GC rs17467825, rs4588, and rs7041 genotypes and plasmatic vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) were measured. Analysis of single SNP and multiple SNPs was performed and relevance between plasmatic DBP and haplotypes was analyzed. Results. GC rs17467825 GG genotype was statistically associated with lower risk for generalized aggressive periodontitis under the recessive model (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.92, p = 0.028). GC rs17467825 and rs4588 had strong linkage disequilibrium with r2 ≥ 0.8 and D' ≥ 0.8. Haplotype (GC rs17467825, rs4588) GC was associated with the less risk for generalized aggressive periodontitis (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09-0.96, p = 0.043). In group AgP, individuals with combined genotype (GC rs17467825, rs4588) AG+CA had significantly lower plasmatic DBP level than those with the other two combined genotypes (AG+CA versus AA+CC p = 0.007; AG+CA versus GG+AA p = 0.026). Conclusions. GC rs17467825 genotype GG and haplotype (GC rs17467825, rs4588) GC are associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis. The association may be acquired through regulating DBP levels. The functions of GC gene and DBP in inflammatory disease need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Song
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xian'e Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Dentistry, First Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Lu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- *Huanxin Meng:
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11
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Ingawale DK, Mandlik SK, Patel SS. An emphasis on molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory effects and glucocorticoid resistance. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 12:1-13. [PMID: 25503867 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2014-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are universally accepted agents for the treatment of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive disorders. They are used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and various inflammatory diseases such as allergy, asthma and sepsis. They bind with GC receptor (GR) and form GC-GR complex with the receptor and exert their actions. On activation the GC-GR complex up-regulates the expression of nucleus anti-inflammatory proteins called as transactivation and down-regulates the expression of cytoplasmic pro-inflammatory proteins called as transrepression. It has been observed that transactivation mechanisms are notorious for side effects and transrepressive mechanisms are identified for beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of GC therapy. GC hampers the function of numerous inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, arachidonic acid metabolites, release of platelet-activating factor (PAF), inflammatory peptides and enzyme modulation involved in the process of inflammation. The GC resistance is a serious therapeutic problem and limits the therapeutic response of GC in chronic inflammatory patients. It has been observed that the GC resistance can be attributed to cellular microenvironment changes, as a consequence of chronic inflammation. Various other factors responsible for resistance have been identified, including alterations in both GR-dependent and GR-independent signaling pathways of cytokine action, hypoxia, oxidative stress, allergen exposure and serum-derived factors. The present review enumerates various aspects of inflammation such as use of GC for treatment of inflammation and its mechanism of action. Molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of GC and GC resistance, alternative anti-inflammatory treatments and new strategy for reversing the GC resistance have also been discussed.
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12
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Chen H, Zhang L, He Z, Zhong X, Zhang J, Li M, Bai J. Vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:1423-40. [PMID: 26380769 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.08.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of polymorphisms in vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) (GC) gene have been implicated in risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the results were controversial. GC1F, GC1S, and GC2 are three common variants of the VDBP gene [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs7041 and rs4588], which were reported to be associated with COPD. This study aimed to explore the association between VDBP gene polymorphisms and COPD. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science (Medline) and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for eligible case-control studies. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS). After the most appreciated genetic model was identified, a meta-analysis was performed to test the association between VDBP gene polymorphism and COPD. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) were performed respectively for the most appreciated genetic model, single allele comparison and homozygous gene model analysis. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) analyses were applied to evaluate the diagnostic performance of polymorphism of VDBP to COPD. RESULTS Eight studies containing 2,216 participants were included. The analyses of the most appropriate genetic models offered significant results in recessive model of GC1F/1S group (OR =2.18), co-dominant genetic model in GC1F/2 group (1F-1F vs. 2-2: OR =4.87; 1F-2 vs. 2-2: OR =1.73; 1F-1F vs. 1F-2: OR =2.27). In single allele comparison, significant results were obtained in GC1F vs. GC1S and GC1F vs. GC2, with ORs were 1.47 and 1.77, respectively. In homozygous genes comparison, the OR was 2.51 in GC1F homozygote vs. other genotypes. Subgroup analyses offered the same significant results in Asian population, but not in Caucasian population. The SROC analyses showed the less accurate performance of polymorphism of VDBP to COPD. CONCLUSIONS There is a close association between COPD and GC gene polymorphisms. The GC1F allele could be a risk factor, the GC1S and GC2 allele may be protective factors in Asian, but not in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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13
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Rooney C, Sethi T. Biomarkers for precision medicine in airways disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1346:18-32. [PMID: 26099690 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex clinical entity. In contrast to previously limited diagnostic definitions, it is now apparent that COPD is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous disease process, overlapping with other airways diseases like chronic asthma. As such, symptomatic response to current standard treatment practices is variable. New clinical guidelines have been altered to reflect this, with the inclusion of symptoms and risk factors in diagnostic and management algorithms. However, as our understanding of COPD pathophysiology deepens, many novel physiological, cellular, proteomic, and genetic markers have been identified. Several have been observed to be independently predictive of distinct clinical disease patterns, which at present are not illustrated by conventional measurements of lung impairment. The potential use of these predictive biomarkers to stratify this diverse patient population could transform the care we offer. We should aim for precision medicine to optimize diagnosis and treatment choices and to monitor and improve clinical outcomes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tariq Sethi
- Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Vestbo J, Lange P. Natural history of COPD: Focusing on change in FEV1. Respirology 2015; 21:34-43. [PMID: 26176980 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is usually described with a focus on change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) over time as this allows for exploration of risk factors for an accelerated decline-and thus of developing COPD. From epidemiological studies we have recognized important risk factors such as smoking, exposure to biomass and occupational exposures, but we have also learnt about features such as chronic bronchitis, airway hyper-responsiveness and asthma that seem to accelerate decline in FEV1 independent of exposures. In addition we are gradually beginning to better link early life events to subsequent risk of disease in adulthood. Although more complicated, our current understanding of COPD has come a long way from being a simple image of smoking leading to poor lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Vestbo
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Lange
- Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Yew-Booth L, Birrell MA, Lau MS, Baker K, Jones V, Kilty I, Belvisi MG. JAK–STAT pathway activation in COPD. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:843-5. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00228414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Persson LJP, Aanerud M, Hiemstra PS, Michelsen AE, Ueland T, Hardie JA, Aukrust P, Bakke PS, Eagan TML. Vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, and longitudinal outcomes in COPD. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121622. [PMID: 25803709 PMCID: PMC4372215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Associations between Vitamin D3 [25(OH)D], vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are previously reported. We aimed to further investigate these associations on longitudinal outcomes. Methods 426 COPD patients from western Norway, GOLD stage II-IV, aged 40–76, were followed every six-month from 2006 through 2009 with spirometry, bioelectrical impedance measurements and registration of exacerbation frequency. Serum 25(OH)D and VDBP levels were determined at study-entry by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and enzyme immunoassays respectively. Yearly change in lung function and body composition was assessed by generalized estimating equations (GEE), yearly exacerbation rate by negative binomial regression models, and 5 years all-cause mortality by Cox proportional-hazard regression. Results 1/3 of the patients had vitamin D deficiency (<20ng/mL) and a greater decline in both FEV1 and FVC, compared to patients with normal levels; for FEV1 this difference only reached statistical significance in the 28 patients with the lowest levels (<10ng/mL, p = 0.01). Neither 25(OH)D nor VDBP levels predicted exacerbation rate, change in fat free mass index or risk of death. Conclusion Severe vitamin D deficiency may affect decline in lung function parameters in COPD. Neither 25(OH)D nor VDBP levels did otherwise predict markers of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise J. P. Persson
- Dept. of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Marianne Aanerud
- Dept. of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Dept. of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annika E. Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon A. Hardie
- Dept. of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per S. Bakke
- Dept. of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tomas M. L. Eagan
- Dept. of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Dept. of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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17
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Crystal RG. Airway basal cells. The "smoking gun" of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:1355-62. [PMID: 25354273 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1492pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest abnormality in the lung associated with smoking is hyperplasia of airway basal cells, the stem/progenitor cells of the ciliated and secretory cells that are central to pulmonary host defense. Using cell biology and 'omics technologies to assess basal cells isolated from bronchoscopic brushings of nonsmokers, smokers, and smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), compelling evidence has been provided in support of the concept that airway basal cells are central to the pathogenesis of smoking-associated lung diseases. When confronted by the chronic stress of smoking, airway basal cells become disorderly, regress to a more primitive state, behave as dictated by their inheritance, are susceptible to acquired changes in their genome, lose the capacity to regenerate the epithelium, are responsible for the major changes in the airway that characterize COPD, and, with persistent stress, can undergo malignant transformation. Together, these observations led to the conclusion that accelerated loss of lung function in susceptible individuals begins with disordered airway basal cell biology (i.e., that airway basal cells are the "smoking gun" of COPD, a potential target for the development of therapies to prevent smoking-related lung disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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18
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Schamberger AC, Mise N, Meiners S, Eickelberg O. Epigenetic mechanisms in COPD: implications for pathogenesis and drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 9:609-28. [PMID: 24850530 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.913020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. The growing burden of COPD is due to continuous tobacco use, which is the most important risk factor of the disease, indoor fumes, occupational exposures and also aging of the world's population. Epigenetic mechanisms significantly contribute to COPD pathophysiology. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on disease-relevant changes in DNA modification, histone modification and non-coding RNA expression in COPD, and provides insight into novel therapeutic approaches modulating epigenetic mechanisms. Recent findings revealed, among others, globally changed DNA methylation patterns, decreased levels of histone deacetylases and reduced microRNAs levels in COPD. The authors also discuss a potential role of the chromatin silencing Polycomb group of proteins in COPD. EXPERT OPINION COPD is a highly complex disease and therapy development is complicated by the fact that many smokers develop both COPD and lung cancer. Of interest, combination therapies involving DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and anti-inflammatory drugs provide a promising approach, as they might be therapeutic for both COPD and cancer. Although the field of epigenetic research has virtually exploded over the last 10 years, particular efforts are required to enhance our knowledge of the COPD epigenome in order to successfully establish epigenetic-based therapies for this widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Schamberger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital and Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich , Germany
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19
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Shaykhiev R, Crystal RG. Early events in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking-induced reprogramming of airway epithelial basal progenitor cells. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 11 Suppl 5:S252-8. [PMID: 25525728 PMCID: PMC4298974 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201402-049aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is the primary site of the earliest pathologic changes induced by smoking, contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The normal human airway epithelium is composed of several major cell types, including differentiated ciliated and secretory cells, intermediate undifferentiated cells, and basal cells (BC). BC contain the stem/progenitor cell population responsible for maintenance of the normally differentiated airway epithelium. Although inflammatory and immune processes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of COPD, the earliest lesions include hyperplasia of the BC population, suggesting that the disease may start with this cell type. Apart from BC hyperplasia, smoking induces a number of COPD-relevant airway epithelial remodeling phenotypes that are likely initiated in the BC population, including mucous cell hyperplasia, squamous cell metaplasia, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, altered ciliated and nonmucous secretory cell differentiation, and suppression of junctional barrier integrity. Significant progress has been recently made in understanding the biology of human airway BC, including gene expression features, stem/progenitor, and other functions, including interaction with other airway cell types. Accumulating evidence suggests that human airway BC function as both sensors and cellular sources of various cytokines and growth factors relevant to smoking-associated airway injury, as well as the origin of various molecular and histological phenotypes relevant to the pathogenesis of COPD. In the context of these considerations, we suggest that early BC-specific smoking-induced molecular changes are critical to the pathogenesis of COPD, and these represent a candidate target for novel therapeutic approaches to prevent COPD progression in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renat Shaykhiev
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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20
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Xie X, Zhang Y, Ke R, Wang G, Wang S, Hussain T, Li S, Li M. Vitamin D-binding protein gene polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2014; 3:183-188. [PMID: 25798246 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) genetic polymorphisms have been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A number of studies have been conducted to investigate the combined effects of the VDBP gene (GC) rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms on the COPD risk. However, the results obtained are inconclusive. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether GC polymorphisms may be a potential risk factor for COPD. The Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Database were searched from inception until June 1, 2014. The meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 12.0 software. Twelve case-control studies, including 2,937 subjects, met the inclusion criteria. Overall, a significantly increased risk was detected in populations of GC*1F homozygotes, whereas no associations between other GC polymorphisms and COPD risk were detected. According to ethnicity, the results demonstrated that the GC*1F homozygotes may be a risk factor for COPD and the GC*2 homozygotes may be a protective factor against COPD in the Asian population. However, similar associations were not observed among the Caucasian population. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis indicates that the GC*1F homozygotes may be a risk factor for COPD and the GC*2 homozygotes may be a protective factors against COPD in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Guizuo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Tafseel Hussain
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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21
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Jung JY, Choi DP, Won S, Lee Y, Shin JH, Kim YS, Kim SK, Oh YM, Suh I, Lee SD. Relationship of vitamin D binding protein polymorphisms and lung function in Korean chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:1318-25. [PMID: 25048491 PMCID: PMC4108818 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.5.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple genetic factors are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The association of gene encoding vitamin D binding protein (VDBP, GC) with COPD has been controversial. We sought to investigate the types of GC variants in the Korean population and determine the association of GC variants with COPD and lung function in the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study cohort consisted of 203 COPD patients and 157 control subjects. GC variants were genotyped by the restriction fragment-length polymorphism method. Repeated measures of lung function data were analyzed using a linear mixed model including sex, age, height, and pack-years of smoking to investigate the association of GC genetic factors and lung function. RESULTS GC1F variant was most frequently observed in COPD (46.1%) and controls (42.0%). GC1S variant (29.0% vs. 21.4%; p=0.020) and genotype 1S-1S (8.3% vs. 3.4%; p=0.047) were more commonly detected in control than COPD. According to linear mixed model analysis including controls and COPD, subjects with genotype 1S-1S had 0.427 L higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) than those with other genotypes (p=0.029). However, interaction between the genotype and smoking pack-year was found to be particularly significant among subjects with genotype 1S-1S; FEV₁ decreased by 0.014 L per smoking pack-year (p=0.001). CONCLUSION This study suggested that GC polymorphism might be associated with lung function and risk of COPD in Korean population. GC1S variant and genotype 1S-1S were more frequently observed in control than in COPD. Moreover, GC1S variant was more common in non-decliners than in rapid decliners among COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Pil Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- The Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, KCDC, Osong, Korea
| | - Ju Hye Shin
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Kyu Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Suh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sang-Do Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Wang W, Krishnan E. Big data and clinicians: a review on the state of the science. JMIR Med Inform 2014; 2:e1. [PMID: 25600256 PMCID: PMC4288113 DOI: 10.2196/medinform.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few decades, medically related data collection saw a huge increase, referred to as big data. These huge datasets bring challenges in storage, processing, and analysis. In clinical medicine, big data is expected to play an important role in identifying causality of patient symptoms, in predicting hazards of disease incidence or reoccurrence, and in improving primary-care quality. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the features of clinical big data, describe a few commonly employed computational algorithms, statistical methods, and software toolkits for data manipulation and analysis, and discuss the challenges and limitations in this realm. METHODS We conducted a literature review to identify studies on big data in medicine, especially clinical medicine. We used different combinations of keywords to search PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar for literature of interest from the past 10 years. RESULTS This paper reviewed studies that analyzed clinical big data and discussed issues related to storage and analysis of this type of data. CONCLUSIONS Big data is becoming a common feature of biological and clinical studies. Researchers who use clinical big data face multiple challenges, and the data itself has limitations. It is imperative that methodologies for data analysis keep pace with our ability to collect and store data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Wang
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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23
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Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, van Geel N, Delanghe JR. Vitamin D binding protein: a multifunctional protein of clinical importance. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 63:1-57. [PMID: 24783350 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800094-6.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of group-specific component and its polymorphism by Hirschfeld in 1959, research has put spotlight on this multifunctional transport protein (vitamin D binding protein, DBP). Besides the transport of vitamin D metabolites, DBP is a plasma glycoprotein with many important functions, including sequestration of actin, modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, binding of fatty acids, and control of bone development. A considerable DBP polymorphism has been described with a specific allele distribution in different geographic area. Multiple studies have shed light on the interesting relationship between polymorphisms of the DBP gene and the susceptibility to diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the multifunctional character of DBP and describe the clinical importance of DBP and its polymorphisms. Finally, we discuss the possibilities to use DBP as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Faner R, Tal-Singer R, Riley JH, Celli B, Vestbo J, MacNee W, Bakke P, Calverley PMA, Coxson H, Crim C, Edwards LD, Locantore N, Lomas DA, Miller BE, Rennard SI, Wouters EFM, Yates JC, Silverman EK, Agusti A. Lessons from ECLIPSE: a review of COPD biomarkers. Thorax 2013; 69:666-72. [PMID: 24310110 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points (ECLIPSE) study was a large 3-year observational controlled multicentre international study aimed at defining clinically relevant subtypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and identifying novel biomarkers and genetic factors. So far, the ECLIPSE study has produced more than 50 original publications and 75 communications to international meetings, many of which have significantly influenced our understanding of COPD. However, because there is not one paper reporting the biomarker results of the ECLIPSE study that may serve as a reference for practising clinicians, researchers and healthcare providers from academia, industry and government agencies interested in COPD, we decided to write a review summarising the main biomarker findings in ECLIPSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Faner
- Fundació Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (FISIB), Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Ruth Tal-Singer
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John H Riley
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage, UK
| | - Bartolomé Celli
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, and Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Respiratory and Allergy Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - William MacNee
- University of Edinburgh, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Per Bakke
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter M A Calverley
- Division of Infection and Immunity Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harvey Coxson
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Courtney Crim
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa D Edwards
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nick Locantore
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David A Lomas
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bruce E Miller
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie C Yates
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Fundació Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (FISIB), Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Univ. Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Meyer M, Bauer RN, Letang BD, Brighton L, Thompson E, Simmen RCM, Bonner J, Jaspers I. Regulation and activity of secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) is altered in smokers. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L269-76. [PMID: 24285265 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00290.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cigarette smoking is a shift in the protease/antiprotease balance, in favor of protease activity. However, it has recently been shown that smokers have increased expression of a key antiprotease, secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI), yet the mechanisms involved in SLPI transcriptional regulation and functional activity of SLPI remain unclear. We examined SLPI mRNA and protein secretion in differentiated nasal epithelial cells (NECs) and nasal lavage fluid (NLF) from nonsmokers and smokers and demonstrated that SLPI expression is increased in NECs and NLF from smokers. Transcriptional regulation of SLPI expression was confirmed using SLPI promoter reporter assays followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The role of STAT1 in regulating SLPI expression was further elucidated using WT and stat1(-/-) mice. Our data demonstrate that STAT1 regulates SLPI transcription in epithelial cells and slpi protein in the lungs of mice. Additionally, we reveal that NECs from smokers have increased STAT1 mRNA/protein expression. Finally, we demonstrate that SLPI contained in the nasal mucosa of smokers is proteolytically cleaved but retains functional activity against neutrophil elastase. These results demonstrate that smoking enhances expression of SLPI in NECs in vitro and in vivo, and that this response is regulated by STAT1. In addition, despite posttranslational cleavage of SLPI, antiprotease activity against neutrophil elastase is enhanced in smokers. Together, our findings show that SLPI regulation and activity is altered in the nasal mucosa of smokers, which could have broad implications in the context of respiratory inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Meyer
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7310.
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Bao H, Wang J, Zhou D, Han Z, Su L, Zhang Y, Ye X, Xu C, Wang Y, Li Q. Protein-protein interaction network analysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung 2013; 192:87-93. [PMID: 24241792 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-013-9509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression profile of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and non-COPD patients. METHODS Microarray raw data (GSE29133) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, including three COPD samples and three normal controls. Gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix human genome u133 plus 2.0 GeneChip. Differentially expressed genes were identified by Student's t test and genes with p < 0.05 were considered significantly changed. Up- and downregulated genes were submitted to the molecular signatures database (MSigDB) to search for a possible association with other previously published gene expression signatures. Furthermore, we constructed a COPD protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and used the connectivity map (cMap) to query for potential drugs for COPD. RESULTS A total of 680 upregulated genes and 530 downregulated genes in COPD were identified. The MSigDB investigation found that upregulated genes were highly similar to gene signatures that respond to interferon and downregulated genes were similar to erythroid progenitor cells from fetal livers of E13.5 embryos with KLF1 knocked out. A PPI network consisting of 814 gene/proteins and 2,613 interactions was identified by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. The cMap predicted helveticoside, disulfiram, and lanatoside C as the top three possible drugs that could perhaps treat COPD. CONCLUSION Comprehensive analysis of the gene expression profile for COPD versus control reveals helveticoside, disulfiram, and lanatoside C as potential molecular targets in COPD. This evidence provides a new breakthrough in the medical treatment of patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, No. 2800 Gongwei Road, Huinan Town, Shanghai, 201399, China
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Luong KVQ, Nguyen LTH. Beneficial role of vitamin D3 in the prevention of certain respiratory diseases. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2013; 7:327-50. [PMID: 24056290 DOI: 10.1177/1753465813503029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence of aberrations in the vitamin D-endocrine system in subjects with respiratory diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with respiratory diseases, and patients who receive vitamin D have significantly larger improvements in inspiratory muscle strength and maximal oxygen uptake. Studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to respiratory pathology, including the major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, vitamin D receptor, vitamin D-binding protein, chromosome P450, Toll-like receptors, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Vitamin D also exerts its effect on respiratory diseases through cell signaling mechanisms, including matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D plays a significant role in respiratory diseases. The best form of vitamin D for use in the treatment of respiratory diseases is calcitriol because it is the active metabolite of vitamin D3 and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression. Further investigation of calcitriol in respiratory diseases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Vinh Quoc Luong
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, 14971 Brookhurst Street, Westminster, CA 92683, USA
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Vitamin D and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: hype or reality? THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2013; 1:804-12. [PMID: 24461760 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abundant laboratory findings show the important role vitamin D has in the innate and adaptive immune system. In human beings, observational studies have associated vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk for different inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. With regard to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), conflicting data have been reported. Most epidemiological studies have been restricted by their design, and larger longitudinal studies of population-based samples and of cohorts with COPD are warranted. An alternative explanation for the discordant results in COPD might be related to the complexity of the intracellular vitamin D signalling pathway, which is not shown in systemic levels of the precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D. For COPD in particular, we speculate that local downregulation of vitamin D signalling from and beyond the receptor might clarify why pro-inflammatory processes in the airways are not or are insufficiently countered by vitamin D-dependent control mechanisms. In a disease already characterised by glucocorticoid resistance, the potential activation and reactivation of an intrinsic comprehensive system of immune control should attract more attention to design appropriate interventions with promising therapeutic potential.
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McLean S, Wild SH, Simpson CR, Sheikh A. Models for estimating projections for the prevalence and disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): systematic review protocol. PRIMARY CARE RESPIRATORY JOURNAL : JOURNAL OF THE GENERAL PRACTICE AIRWAYS GROUP 2013; 22:PS8-21. [PMID: 23732639 PMCID: PMC6442795 DOI: 10.4104/pcrj.2013.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susannah McLean
- Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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30
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Ngkelo A, Adcock IM. New treatments for COPD. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:362-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hansel NN, Ruczinski I, Rafaels N, Sin DD, Daley D, Malinina A, Huang L, Sandford A, Murray T, Kim Y, Vergara C, Heckbert SR, Psaty BM, Li G, Elliott WM, Aminuddin F, Dupuis J, O'Connor GT, Doheny K, Scott AF, Boezen HM, Postma DS, Smolonska J, Zanen P, Mohamed Hoesein FA, de Koning HJ, Crystal RG, Tanaka T, Ferrucci L, Silverman E, Wan E, Vestbo J, Lomas DA, Connett J, Wise RA, Neptune ER, Mathias RA, Paré PD, Beaty TH, Barnes KC. Genome-wide study identifies two loci associated with lung function decline in mild to moderate COPD. Hum Genet 2013; 132:79-90. [PMID: 22986903 PMCID: PMC3536920 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated lung function decline is a key COPD phenotype; however, its genetic control remains largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study using the Illumina Human660W-Quad v.1_A BeadChip. Generalized estimation equations were used to assess genetic contributions to lung function decline over a 5-year period in 4,048 European American Lung Health Study participants with largely mild COPD. Genotype imputation was performed using reference HapMap II data. To validate regions meeting genome-wide significance, replication of top SNPs was attempted in independent cohorts. Three genes (TMEM26, ANK3 and FOXA1) within the regions of interest were selected for tissue expression studies using immunohistochemistry. Two intergenic SNPs (rs10761570, rs7911302) on chromosome 10 and one SNP on chromosome 14 (rs177852) met genome-wide significance after Bonferroni. Further support for the chromosome 10 region was obtained by imputation, the most significantly associated imputed SNPs (rs10761571, rs7896712) being flanked by observed markers rs10761570 and rs7911302. Results were not replicated in four general population cohorts or a smaller cohort of subjects with moderate to severe COPD; however, we show novel expression of genes near regions of significantly associated SNPS, including TMEM26 and FOXA1 in airway epithelium and lung parenchyma, and ANK3 in alveolar macrophages. Levels of expression were associated with lung function and COPD status. We identified two novel regions associated with lung function decline in mild COPD. Genes within these regions were expressed in relevant lung cells and their expression related to airflow limitation suggesting they may represent novel candidate genes for COPD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Haketa A, Soma M, Nakayama T, Kosuge K, Aoi N, Hishiki M, Hatanaka Y, Ueno T, Doba N, Hinohara S. Association between SIRT2 gene polymorphism and height in healthy, elderly Japanese subjects. Transl Res 2013; 161:57-8. [PMID: 22857867 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Haketa
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
A genetic contribution to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well established. However, the specific genes responsible for enhanced risk or host differences in susceptibility to smoke exposure remain poorly understood. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive literature overview on the genetics of COPD, highlight the most promising findings during the last few years, and ultimately provide an updated COPD gene list. Candidate gene studies on COPD and related phenotypes indexed in PubMed before January 5, 2012 are tabulated. An exhaustive list of publications for any given gene was looked for. This well-documented COPD candidate-gene list is expected to serve many purposes for future replication studies and meta-analyses as well as for reanalyzing collected genomic data in the field. In addition, this review summarizes recent genetic loci identified by genome-wide association studies on COPD, lung function, and related complications. Assembling resources, integrative genomic approaches, and large sample sizes of well-phenotyped subjects is part of the path forward to elucidate the genetic basis of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, Canada.
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Vitamin D and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. VITAMIN D AND THE LUNG 2012. [PMCID: PMC7121988 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-888-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important regulator of calcium and bone homeostasis. It is also involved in the regulation of different genes and cellular functions, particularly in the context of inflammation, regeneration and immune control. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency which is often found in chronic, infectious and inflammatory diseases is thought to drive or enhance uncontrolled inflammation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways most often because of cigarette smoking. It has been recognized that repetitive airway infections and systemic consequences or co-morbidities also contribute to the progressive nature of COPD. Vitamin D deficiency is known to sneak in from the early stages of COPD, to become highly prevalent at the more severe stages, and may thereby catalyse airway infection, inflammation and systemic consequences. Undoubtedly, vitamin D deficiency enhances bone resorption and osteoporosis in COPD for which appropriate vitamin D supplementation is recommended. However, conflicting evidence has emerged on the extra-calcemic effects of vitamin D in COPD. A recent intervention trial with high-dose supplementation in COPD was only able to reduce exacerbation frequency in the subgroup of patients with lowest baseline vitamin D levels. It confirms that severe vitamin D deficiency is a health hazard but that more clinical and experimental studies are needed to explore how vitamin D deficiency may affect airway biology and systemic effects in the context of smoke-induced lung diseases.
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Fujino N, Ota C, Takahashi T, Suzuki T, Suzuki S, Yamada M, Nagatomi R, Kondo T, Yamaya M, Kubo H. Gene expression profiles of alveolar type II cells of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case-control study. BMJ Open 2012; 2:bmjopen-2012-001553. [PMID: 23117565 PMCID: PMC3532994 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the gene expression pattern specific in alveolar epithelial type II cells (ATII cells) isolated from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DESIGN Case control. SETTING Two hospitals in Japan. PARTICIPANTS Three patients without COPD and three patients with COPD in microarray analyses. Five smokers without COPD and nine smokers with COPD in the following analyses. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURED: Primary outcome included identification of differentially expressed genes and activated or inhibited pathways in ATII cells of the patients with COPD, compared to those of the patients without COPD, using Affymetrix gene expression arrays. Secondary outcome included validation of the results of microarray analyses by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS We isolated ATII cells from COPD and non-COPD lungs using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We performed Affymetrix gene expression arrays on both types of ATII cells. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that two major gene sets were enriched in ATII cells from COPD lungs: interferon-responsive gene sets and gene sets associated with cell cycle progression. Gene ontology term enrichment analyses indicated that among the interferon-stimulated genes, ATII cells in COPD expressed genes such as PSMB8, PSMB9, TAP1 and TAP2 associated with the antigen processing and presentation pathway. We validated the results of the microarray analyses using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. In addition, FACS analysis indicated that the percentage of ATII cells to CD45-negative lung cells isolated from COPD lungs were significantly increased more than that from non-COPD lungs. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that interferon-stimulated genes involved in the antigen processing and presentation pathway and genes involved in cell cycle progression were enriched in ATII cells of the patients with COPD. These pathways might alter phenotypes of ATII cells in COPD lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Fujino
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ota
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaya Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Diagnostics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Nagatomi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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