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Mayberry LS, Felix HC, Hudson J, Curran GM, Long CR, Selig JP, Carleton A, Baig A, Warshaw H, Peyrot M, McElfish PA. Effectiveness-implementation trial comparing a family model of diabetes self-management education and support with a standard model. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 121:106921. [PMID: 36096282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) is an effective approach for improving diabetes self-care behaviors to achieve improved glycemic management and other health outcomes. Engaging family members may improve outcomes, both for the person with diabetes (PWD) and for the family members. However, family models of DSMES have been inconsistently defined and delivered. We operationalize Family-DSMES to be generalizable and replicable, detail our protocol for a comparative effectiveness trial comparing Standard-DSMES with Family-DSMES on outcomes for PWDs and family members, and detail our mixed-methods implementation evaluation plan. METHODS We will examine Family-DSMES relative to Standard-DSMES using a Hybrid Type 1 effectiveness-implementation design. Participants are ≥18 years old with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0%, recruited from rural and urban primary care clinics that are part of an academic medical center. Each participant invites a family member. Dyads are randomly assigned to Family- or Standard-DSMES, delivered in a small-group format via telehealth. Data are collected at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 6-, 12-, and 18-months post-intervention. Outcomes include PWDs' hemoglobin A1c (primary), other biometric, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes (secondary), and family members' diabetes-related distress, involvement in the PWD's diabetes management, self-efficacy for providing support, and biometric outcomes (exploratory). Our mixed-methods implementation evaluation will include process data collected during the trial and stakeholder interviews guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. CONCLUSION Results will fill knowledge gaps about which type of DSMES may be most effective and guide Family-DSMES implementation efforts. REGISTRATION The trial is pre-registered at clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT04334109).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S Mayberry
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Holly C Felix
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jonell Hudson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Curran
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 37 Circle Dr., North Little Rock, AR 72114, USA
| | - Christopher R Long
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - James P Selig
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Ayoola Carleton
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Arshiya Baig
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hope Warshaw
- Hope Warshaw Associates, LLC, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - Mark Peyrot
- Department of Sociology, Loyola University Maryland (Retired), 4501 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA.
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Ligita T, Harvey N, Wicking K, Francis K, Nurjannah I. Diabetes self-management: what role does the family play? HEALTH EDUCATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/he-12-2019-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis paper aims to explicate one of the major findings of a research study seeking to understand how Indonesian people with diabetes learn about their disease. The one key finding discussed in this paper is how families influence the learning and self-management processes adopted by Indonesian people with diabetes.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory methodology was adopted to investigate how Indonesian people with diabetes learn about their disease. Twenty-eight semi-structured interviews were undertaken with Indonesian people living with diabetes, families of people living with diabetes, healthcare professionals and other healthcare providers. Data was analysed by using constant comparative analysis during three coding stages.FindingsThe study explicated the basic social process of how people with diabetes in Indonesia learn about their disease through a generated theory “Learning, choosing, and acting: self-management of diabetes in Indonesia”. This study found family engagement was integral to Indonesian people living with diabetes who were self-managing their disease. Families assisted with seeking information, providing recommendations, selecting and implementing actions, appraising implemented actions, and informing others about their experiences. By acknowledging that family is involved in this process, the healthcare professional can adequately provide health education to both the person with diabetes and their families. Involving families in health education is crucial as family can influence decision making made by people with diabetes in a proper or improper way. Thus, clinicians need to also skilfully recognise difficulties these people encounter by monitoring their self-management progress and by working closely with them and their family members.Originality/valueThis is the first study conducted in Indonesia that specifically investigates the process of how people with diabetes learn about their disease. The involvement of families in this process is a central finding of the study. Families can enhance the overall health and well-being of the person with diabetes, aid in early recognition of aberration to health status and trigger the initiation of interventions to re-establish homeostasis if they are actively engaged and supported by health professionals.
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Routh B, Hurt T, Winham D, Lanningham-Foster L. Family Legacy of Diabetes-Related Behaviors: An Exploration of the Experiences of African American Parents and Adult Children. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2019; 6:2333393619852343. [PMID: 31192273 PMCID: PMC6542120 DOI: 10.1177/2333393619852343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and this risk may be influenced by familial experiences and cultural norms throughout the life course. This led us to conduct this study of 20 African American families with strong histories of T2DM to explore familial complexities that prevent or help manage diabetic symptoms. Experiences were analyzed inductively through individual family profiles created using content-analytic summaries. When profiles were further analyzed for emerging and theoretically informed data patterns, two themes emerged: (a) family interactions characterized by T2DM-related actions and communication patterns, and (b) intergenerational patterns of openness characterized by variations in approach within generational cohort and parental gender. Through inquiries related to intergenerational experiences with T2DM, nursing and health care professionals may be better able to tailor and promote success for prevention and management of behaviors among high-risk African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tera Hurt
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Peyrot M, Egede L, Funnell M, Hsu W, Ruggiero L, Stuckey H. US Ethnic Group Differences in Family Member Support for People With Diabetes in the 2nd Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) Study. DIABETES EDUCATOR 2018; 44:249-259. [PMID: 29787698 PMCID: PMC5967008 DOI: 10.1177/0145721718770767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe the perceptions of family members (FM) and people with diabetes (PWD) regarding the frequency and helpfulness of FM support for PWD, including differences among US ethnic groups. Methods The US 2nd Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) substudy was a survey of independent samples of 238 adult FM and 540 adult PWD. Outcome measures included ratings by FM and PWD of the frequency and perceived helpfulness of 7 FM support behaviors and composite scores for frequency and helpfulness. Results Ratings of individual FM support behaviors were strongly correlated between FM and PWD but significantly different among behaviors. FM and PWD reported most frequent support for listening, assisting, and doing activities with PWD and reporting PWD was doing poorly least frequently. Both groups reported listening, assisting, and reporting PWD was doing well as most helpful; reporting PWD was doing poorly was least helpful. PWD rated support and helpfulness of most behaviors lower than FM. Composite measures of support frequency and helpfulness were strongly correlated for both FM and PWD. Ethnic minority PWD and FM reported most support behaviors as more frequent and more helpful than non-Hispanic white Americans. Conclusions FM more frequently engage in the support behaviors they view as most helpful, but PWD perceive support to be less frequent and less helpful than FM. FM support differs across ethnic groups, with ethnic minorities reporting higher support frequency and helpfulness. Diabetes care providers should consider ethnic group differences in FM support for PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Peyrot
- Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leonard Egede
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of General Internal Medicine, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Martha Funnell
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William Hsu
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurie Ruggiero
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,University of Delaware, School of Nursing, Newark, Delaware
| | - Heather Stuckey
- Penn State University, Department of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Zhang Z, Monro J, Venn BJ. Carbohydrate Knowledge and Expectations of Nutritional Support among Five Ethnic Groups Living in New Zealand with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091225. [PMID: 30181471 PMCID: PMC6163622 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite availability of diabetes and nutrition information for people with pre- and type 2 diabetes, the uptake and understanding of these resources may differ among ethnic groups. Our objective was to explore dietary knowledge and diabetes experiences amongst Māori, European, Pacific Island, Indian and East Asian people living in New Zealand with a focus on carbohydrate-containing foods. A registered diabetes dietitian led ethnic-specific discussions in groups involving 29 people with pre- or type 2 diabetes. Discussions were audio-recorded, fully transcribed and coded independently by two investigators. Themes were developed using deductive and inductive techniques. Five themes emerged: knowledge, concerns, achievements, simplicity and self-determination. Nutritional knowledge was lacking and a greater awareness of trustworthy dietary resources was needed. There were concerns about diabetes complications and appropriate carbohydrate-containing foods and portions. Contrary to this, people felt proud when achieving dietary goals and grateful for support from health care providers and family. Participants were willing to engage in self-care if advice from health professionals was given in plain language, and in a culturally appropriate manner. Given the desire to take an active role in diabetes self-management and willingness to use electronic devices, an ethnic-specific nutrition education resource could be a valuable tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoshi Zhang
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - John Monro
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Bernard J Venn
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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BeLue R, Ndiaye K, Miranda PY, Ndao F, Canagarajah P. Diabetes management in Senegalese families: A dyadic-narrative illustration. Chronic Illn 2018; 14:182-193. [PMID: 28762776 DOI: 10.1177/1742395317719141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives In many Sub-Saharan African cultures, diabetes self-management behaviors such as dietary adherence do not occur in isolation but are carried out in the context of local culture, a significant factor in shaping those health behaviors. Methods Using a family-based narrative approach, we explore how Senegalese families manage diabetes. We interviewed twenty people living with diabetes and selected family caregivers from MBour, Senegal. Results We found that people living with diabetes experienced physical, emotional, and financial stressors as a result of managing their condition. In addition, family caregivers play an important role in managing their family member's diabetes. Discussion The act of caregiving affects caregiver diabetes prevention behaviors. In some cases, this caregiving role leads to an increase of healthy behaviors such as reducing dietary sugar; however, in some cases, caregivers do not see the need to engage in healthy behaviors. Diabetes prevention and management interventions that support both Senegalese people living with diabetes and their family caregivers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R BeLue
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Administration, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - K Ndiaye
- 2 Department of Global Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P Y Miranda
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Administration, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - F Ndao
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Administration, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - P Canagarajah
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Administration, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Hurt TR, Seawell AH, Cutrona C, O'Connor MC, Camp RD, Duran R, Elderts R, Green C, Hara V, Pattee J. Black Women's Recommendations for Developing Effective Type 2 Diabetes Programming. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2017; 4:2333393617715335. [PMID: 28804746 PMCID: PMC5484429 DOI: 10.1177/2333393617715335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to learn from 29 Black women how to develop effective Type 2 diabetes programming. Three focus groups were held in Des Moines, Iowa, during fall 2012. Results highlighted themes related to diabetes knowledge, diabetes management and prevention, physical activity, diet, and diabetes management programming. Opinions were shared as to whether family members should be included in programs for supporting those diagnosed with diabetes. These results provided guidance and ideas to scholars and health care professionals aiming to improve effectiveness of diabetes programs for Black women and families.
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Stuckey HL, Mullan-Jensen C, Kalra S, Reading J, Wens J, Vallis M, Kokoszka A, Malek R, Kovacs Burns K, Piana N, Skovlund SE, Peyrot M. Living with an adult who has diabetes: Qualitative insights from the second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 116:270-8. [PMID: 27321345 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study identified the experiences of family members who support adults living with diabetes. METHODS Participants were 2057 adult family members living with the person with diabetes from 17 countries. Qualitative data were responses to open-ended survey questions about how living with a person with diabetes has impacted family members and the ways they choose to be involved in the diabetes care for the person with whom they live. Emergent coding with input from multinational collaborators identified thematic content about psychosocial aspects. RESULTS Family members wanted to do what was best for the person with diabetes and help in whatever way possible. Four themes branched from that principle: (1) family members worry about day-to-day struggles of the person with diabetes, such as hypoglycemia and employment stability; (2) diabetes negatively affects the person with diabetes-family member relationship, creating an emotional strain and shift in relationship; (3) family members have some support resources to deal with the burdens and lifestyle changes of diabetes, but would like more; and (4) the person with diabetes has provided inspiration to the family member, and helped the family member make positive life changes in eating healthier. CONCLUSIONS These data provide insight into the ways that family members experience living with diabetes, including their challenges, motivations and intentions in supporting their person with diabetes. Family members speak eloquently and with emotion about their role in a family with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Stuckey
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | | | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital & B.R.I.D.E., Karnal, India
| | - Jean Reading
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Johan Wens
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Primary and Interdisciplinary Care Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Vallis
- Departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andrzej Kokoszka
- II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rachid Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Setif University Hospital, Algeria
| | - Katharina Kovacs Burns
- Interdisciplinary Health Research Academy, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natalia Piana
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, (C.U.R.I.A.MO.: Centro Universitario di Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attività Motoria), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Mark Peyrot
- Department of Sociology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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