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Kim JH, Thiruvengadam R. Hypertension in an ageing population: Diagnosis, mechanisms, collateral health risks, treatments, and clinical challenges. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102344. [PMID: 38768716 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Ageing population is considerably increasing worldwide, which is considered to reflect an improved quality of life. However, longevity in the human lifespan has increased the burden of late-life illnesses including cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Of these, hypertension is the most common condition with huge health risks, with an increased prevalence among the elderly. In this review, we outline the current guidelines for defining hypertension and examine the detailed mechanisms underlying the relationship between hypertension and ageing-related outcomes, including sodium sensitivity, arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, isolated systolic hypertension, white coat effect, and orthostatic hypertension. As hypertension-related collateral health risk increases among the elderly, the available management strategies are necessary to overcome the clinical treatment challenges faced among elderly population. To improve longevity and reduce adverse health effects, potential approaches producing crucial information into new era of medicine should be considered in the prevention and treatment of hypertension among elderly population. This review provides an overview of mechanisms underlying hypertension and its related collateral health risk in elderly population, along with multiple approaches and management strategies to improve the clinical challenges among elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Rekha Thiruvengadam
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, the Republic of Korea
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2
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Tseng YT, Tsai CC, Chen PC, Lin BY, Hsu SCN, Huang SP, Huang B. Mechanical shear flow regulates the malignancy of colorectal cancer cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:650-659. [PMID: 38757734 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is notable for its high mortality and high metastatic characteristics. The shear force generated by bloodstream provides mechanical signals regulating multiple responses of cells, including metastatic cancer cells, dispersing in blood vessels. We, therefore, studied the effect of shear flow on circulating CRC cells in the present study. The CRC cell line SW620 was subjected to shear flow of 12.5 dynes/cm2 for 1 and 2 h separately. Resulting elevated caspase-9 and -3 indicated that shear flow initiated the apoptosis of SW620. Enlarged cell size associated with a higher level of cyclin D1 was coincident with the flow cytometric results indicating that the cell cycle was arrested at the G1 phase. An elevated phosphor-eNOSS1177 increased the production of nitric oxide and led to reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress. Shear flow also regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by increasing E-cadherin and ZO-1 while decreasing Snail and Twist1. The migration and invasion of sheared SW620 were also substantially decreased. Further investigations showed that mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased, whereas mitochondrial mass and ATP production were not changed. In addition to the shear flow of 12.5 dynes/cm2, the expressions of EMT were compared at lower (6.25 dynes/cm2) and at higher (25 dynes/cm2) shear flow. The results showed that lower shear flow increased mesenchymal characteristics and higher shear flow increased epithelial characteristics. Shear flow reduces the malignancy of CRC in their metastatic dispersal that opens up new ways to improve cancer therapies by applying a mechanical shear flow device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chen Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sodio C N Hsu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Darvish S, Mahoney SA, Venkatasubramanian R, Rossman MJ, Clayton ZS, Murray KO. Socioeconomic status as a potential mediator of arterial aging in marginalized ethnic and racial groups: current understandings and future directions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:194-222. [PMID: 38813611 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00188.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the United States. However, disparities in CVD-related morbidity and mortality exist as marginalized racial and ethnic groups are generally at higher risk for CVDs (Black Americans, Indigenous People, South and Southeast Asians, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders) and/or development of traditional CVD risk factors (groups above plus Hispanics/Latinos) relative to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). In this comprehensive review, we outline emerging evidence suggesting these groups experience accelerated arterial dysfunction, including vascular endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, a nontraditional CVD risk factor that may predict risk of CVDs in these groups with advancing age. Adverse exposures to social determinants of health (SDOH), specifically lower socioeconomic status (SES), are exacerbated in most of these groups (except South Asians-higher SES) and may be a potential mediator of accelerated arterial aging. SES negatively influences the ability of marginalized racial and ethnic groups to meet aerobic exercise guidelines, the first-line strategy to improve arterial function, due to increased barriers, such as time and financial constraints, lack of motivation, facility access, and health education, to performing conventional aerobic exercise. Thus, identifying alternative interventions to conventional aerobic exercise that 1) overcome these common barriers and 2) target the biological mechanisms of aging to improve arterial function may be an effective, alternative method to aerobic exercise to ameliorate accelerated arterial aging and reduce CVD risk. Importantly, dedicated efforts are needed to assess these strategies in randomized-controlled clinical trials in these marginalized racial and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Darvish
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Sophia A Mahoney
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Kevin O Murray
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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Li N, Hao R, Ren P, Wang J, Dong J, Ye T, Zhao D, Qiao X, Meng Z, Gan H, Liu S, Sun Y, Dou G, Gu R. Glycosaminoglycans: Participants in Microvascular Coagulation of Sepsis. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:599-612. [PMID: 38242171 PMCID: PMC11199054 DOI: 10.1055/a-2250-3166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis represents a syndromic response to infection and frequently acts as a common pathway leading to fatality in the context of various infectious diseases globally. The pathology of severe sepsis is marked by an excess of inflammation and activated coagulation. A substantial contributor to mortality in sepsis patients is widespread microvascular thrombosis-induced organ dysfunction. Multiple lines of evidence support the notion that sepsis induces endothelial damage, leading to the release of glycosaminoglycans, potentially causing microvascular dysfunction. This review aims to initially elucidate the relationship among endothelial damage, excessive inflammation, and thrombosis in sepsis. Following this, we present a summary of the involvement of glycosaminoglycans in coagulation, elucidating interactions among glycosaminoglycans, platelets, and inflammatory cells. In this section, we also introduce a reasoned generalization of potential signal pathways wherein glycosaminoglycans play a role in clotting. Finally, we discuss current methods for detecting microvascular conditions in sepsis patients from the perspective of glycosaminoglycans. In conclusion, it is imperative to pay closer attention to the role of glycosaminoglycans in the mechanism of microvascular thrombosis in sepsis. Dynamically assessing glycosaminoglycan levels in patients may aid in predicting microvascular conditions, enabling the monitoring of disease progression, adjustment of clinical treatment schemes, and mitigation of both acute and long-term adverse outcomes associated with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Peng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Tong Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Xuan Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People Republic of China
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Abbasi S, Matsui-Masai M, Yasui F, Hayashi A, Tockary TA, Mochida Y, Akinaga S, Kohara M, Kataoka K, Uchida S. Carrier-free mRNA vaccine induces robust immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and non-human primates without systemic reactogenicity. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1266-1283. [PMID: 38569556 PMCID: PMC11081875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Carrier-free naked mRNA vaccines may reduce the reactogenicity associated with delivery carriers; however, their effectiveness against infectious diseases has been suboptimal. To boost efficacy, we targeted the skin layer rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and utilized a jet injector. The jet injection efficiently introduced naked mRNA into skin cells, including APCs in mice. Further analyses indicated that APCs, after taking up antigen mRNA in the skin, migrated to the lymph nodes (LNs) for antigen presentation. Additionally, the jet injection provoked localized lymphocyte infiltration in the skin, serving as a physical adjuvant for vaccination. Without a delivery carrier, our approach confined mRNA distribution to the injection site, preventing systemic mRNA leakage and associated systemic proinflammatory reactions. In mouse vaccination, the naked mRNA jet injection elicited robust antigen-specific antibody production over 6 months, along with germinal center formation in LNs and the induction of both CD4- and CD8-positive T cells. By targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, this approach provided protection against viral challenge. Furthermore, our approach generated neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates at levels comparable to those observed in mice. In conclusion, our approach offers a safe and effective option for mRNA vaccines targeting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saed Abbasi
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Miki Matsui-Masai
- Department of Research, NANO MRNA Co., Ltd., 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasui
- Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Akimasa Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Theofilus A Tockary
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shiro Akinaga
- Department of Research, NANO MRNA Co., Ltd., 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan; Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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Liang L, Wang X, Chen D, Sethu P, Giridharan GA, Wang Y, Wang Y, Qin KR. Study on the hemodynamic effects of different pulsatile working modes of a rotary blood pump using a microfluidic platform that realizes in vitro cell culture effectively. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2428-2439. [PMID: 38625094 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Rotary blood pumps (RBPs) operating at a constant speed generate non-physiologic blood pressure and flow rate, which can cause endothelial dysfunction, leading to adverse clinical events in peripheral blood vessels and other organs. Notably, pulsatile working modes of the RBP can increase vascular pulsatility to improve arterial endothelial function. However, the laws and related mechanisms of differentially regulating arterial endothelial function under different pulsatile working modes are still unclear. This knowledge gap hinders the optimal selection of the RBP working modes. To address these issues, this study developed a multi-element in vitro endothelial cell culture system (ECCS), which could realize in vitro cell culture effectively and accurately reproduce blood pressure, shear stress, and circumferential strain in the arterial endothelial microenvironment. Performance of this proposed ECCS was validated with numerical simulation and flow experiments. Subsequently, this study investigated the effects of four different pulsation frequency modes that change once every 1-4-fold cardiac cycles (80, 40, 80/3, and 20 cycles per min, respectively) of the RBP on the expression of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells. Results indicated that the 2-fold and 3-fold cardiac cycles significantly increased the production of NO and prevented the excessive generation of ROS, potentially minimizing the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction and related adverse events during the RBP support, and were consistent with animal study findings. In general, this study may provide a scientific basis for the optimal selection of the RBP working modes and potential treatment options for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Liang
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Palaniappan Sethu
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Yanxia Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- Institute of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China.
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Fan CN, Tsai TN, Lu XJ, Lai HF, Wang CH, Chiu YL. Transcriptomic analysis reveals Cilostazol's role in ameliorating cardiovascular disease: Inhibition of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and reduction of endothelial cell reactive oxygen species production. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29194. [PMID: 38601627 PMCID: PMC11004659 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of death, with atherosclerosis as the primary cause. Chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and the role of molecules like nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species are crucial in this context. Our previous research indicated that cilostazol and ginkgo biloba extract could enhance the ability of endothelial cells to dissolve blood clots, but the effects of cilostazol on monocytes remain unexplored. Method This study utilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 healthy donors, treated ex vivo with cilostazol. RNA-sequencing, over-representation analysis, xCell stromal cell analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were employed to investigate the gene expression changes and biological pathways affected by cilostazol treatment. Results The study identified specific gene sets and pathways that were enriched or reduced in response to cilostazol treatment, providing insights into its effects on monocytes and potential therapeutic applications in CVD. The analysis also revealed the potential impact of cilostazol on the stromal cell compartment, further broadening our understanding of its multifaceted role. Conclusion The findings offer a nuanced understanding of the advantages and mechanisms of cilostazol in CVD, uncovering novel therapeutic targets and strategies to enhance the clinical application of cilostazol and contributing to the broader implications of this therapy in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ning Fan
- Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, 325, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Tsung-Neng Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Xin-Jie Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hsing-Fan Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei city, 114, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Salvagno M, Sterchele ED, Zaccarelli M, Mrakic-Sposta S, Welsby IJ, Balestra C, Taccone FS. Oxidative Stress and Cerebral Vascular Tone: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3007. [PMID: 38474253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain's unique characteristics make it exceptionally susceptible to oxidative stress, which arises from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. This review explores the factors contributing to the brain's vascular tone's vulnerability in the presence of oxidative damage, which can be of clinical interest in critically ill patients or those presenting acute brain injuries. The brain's high metabolic rate and inefficient electron transport chain in mitochondria lead to significant ROS generation. Moreover, non-replicating neuronal cells and low repair capacity increase susceptibility to oxidative insult. ROS can influence cerebral vascular tone and permeability, potentially impacting cerebral autoregulation. Different ROS species, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, exhibit vasodilatory or vasoconstrictive effects on cerebral blood vessels. RNS, particularly NO and peroxynitrite, also exert vasoactive effects. This review further investigates the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin C, vitamin E, and the glutathione redox system. Various studies suggest that these antioxidants could be used as adjunct therapies to protect the cerebral vascular tone under conditions of high oxidative stress. Nevertheless, more extensive research is required to comprehensively grasp the relationship between oxidative stress and cerebrovascular tone, and explore the potential benefits of antioxidants as adjunctive therapies in critical illnesses and acute brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Salvagno
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elda Diletta Sterchele
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mario Zaccarelli
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-National Research Council (CNR-IFC), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ian James Welsby
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Costantino Balestra
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Anatomical Research and Clinical Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), 1050 Elsene, Belgium
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Motor Sciences Department, Physical Activity Teaching Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Reis A, Rocha BS, Laranjinha J, de Freitas V. Dietary (poly)phenols as modulators of the biophysical properties in endothelial cell membranes: its impact on nitric oxide bioavailability in hypertension. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38281810 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major contributor to premature death, owing to the associated increased risk of damage to the heart, brain and kidneys. Although hypertension is manageable by medication and lifestyle changes, the risk increases with age. In an increasingly aged society, the incidence of hypertension is escalating, and is expected to increase the prevalence of (cerebro)vascular events and their associated mortality. Adherence to plant-based diets improves blood pressure and vascular markers in individuals with hypertension. Food flavonoids have an inhibitory effect towards angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE1) and although this effect is greatly diminished upon metabolization, their microbial metabolites have been found to improve endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Considering the transmembrane location of ACE1 and eNOS, the ability of (poly)phenols to interact with membrane lipids modulate the cell membrane's biophysical properties and impact on nitric oxide (· NO) synthesis and bioavailability, remain poorly studied. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the lipid remodeling of endothelial membranes with age, its impact on the cell membrane's biophysical properties and · NO permeability across the endothelial barrier. We also discuss the potential of (poly)phenols and other plant-based compounds as key players in hypertension management, and address the caveats and challenges in adopted methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Barbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Zhang M, Li J, Ji N, Bao Q, Sun N, Rong H, Peng X, Yang L, Xie M, He S, Lin Q, Zhang Z, Li L, Zhang L. Reducing Cholesterol Level in Live Macrophages Improves Delivery Performance by Enhancing Blood Shear Stress Adaptation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:607-616. [PMID: 38095305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, live-cell-based drug delivery systems have gained considerable attention. However, shear stress, which accompanies blood flow, may cause cell death and weaken the delivery performance. In this study, we found that reducing cholesterol in macrophage plasma membranes enhanced their tumor targeting ability by more than 2-fold. Our study demonstrates that the reduced cholesterol level deactivated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and consequently promoted the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), which in turn enhanced the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by shear stress. A proof-of-concept system using low cholesterol macrophages attached to MXene (e.g., l-RX) was fabricated. In a melanoma mouse model, l-RX and laser irradiation treatments eliminated tumors with no recurrences observed in mice. Therefore, cholesterol reduction is a simple and effective way to enhance the targeting performance of macrophage-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Zhang
- Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Ji
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qixue Bao
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ningyun Sun
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongding Rong
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Peng
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mingxin Xie
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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11
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Mamelak M. The Alzheimer's Disease Brain, Its Microvasculature, and NADPH Oxidase. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S109-S118. [PMID: 37599534 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The deterioration of the brain's microvasculature, particularly in the hippocampus, appears to be a very early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), preceding even the deposition of amyloid-β. A damaged microvasculature reduces the supply of oxygen and glucose to this region and limits the production of energy, ATP. The damage may be a function of the rise with age in the expression and activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in these microvessels. This rise renders these vessels vulnerable to the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation. The rise in NOX activity with age is even more marked in the AD brain where an inverse correlation has been demonstrated between NOX activity and cognitive ability. Apocynin, a putative NOX inhibitor, has been shown to block the damaging effects of NOX activation. Apocynin acts as a strong scavenger of H2O2, and as a weak scavenger of superoxide. Like apocynin, sodium oxybate (SO) has also been shown to block the toxic effects of NOX activation. The application of SO generates NADPH and ATP. SO inhibits oxidative stress and maintains normal cerebral ATP levels under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, it acts epigenetically to attenuate the expression of NOX. SO may delay the onset and slow the progress of AD by suppling energy and maintaining an antioxidative environment in the brain throughout the night. The slow wave activity produced by SO may also activate the glymphatic system and promote the clearance of amyloid-β from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mortimer Mamelak
- Department of Psychiatry, Baycrest Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Fol MF, Hamdi SAH, Abdel-Rahman HA, Mostafa NA. In vivo efficacy of silver nanoparticles against Syphacia muris infected laboratory Wistar rats. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:744-756. [PMID: 38009151 PMCID: PMC10667209 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections are a worldwide problem that affects both humans and animals in developing countries. The common pinworm Syphacia muris frequently infects lab rats and can obstruct the creation of unrelated biological experiments. The objective of this study was to examine the in vivo efficacy of silver nanoparticles against S. muris infected Wistar rats. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction examinations of silver nanoparticles revealed highly pure polycrystals with a mean size of 4 nm. Rats were divided into group I, the control: received distilled water; groups II and III, the treated: received 2, 4 mg/kg b.w. of Ag NPs, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, all rats were euthanized and dissected for collecting worms. The surface topography of the recovered worms was displayed using light and scanning electron microscopy, and their physiological status was determined using oxidative stress biomarkers. The histological changes in the rat liver, kidney, and spleen were also examined. In the current study, Ag NPs administration revealed substantial alterations in worms collected from treated rats, including shrinkage of lips, peeling and rupture of body cuticles, and disruption of surface annulations. Also, induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels, as well as a decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and catalase levels compared to control group. Moreover, sections of treated rats' liver, kidney and spleen displayed normal cellular appearance. In conclusion, this is the first in vivo study to evaluate Ag NPs efficacy against S. muris in laboratory rats without significant toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Fathi Fol
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Zhu C, Lu Y, Peng W, Gao H, Cao X, Su M, Wu Z, Huo X, Yu C. Stretchable Sponge-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Real-Time Sensing of Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16885-16891. [PMID: 37937709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
For the study of cell biology, real-time information on cell physiological processes will be more accurate and closer to the in vivo condition in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system. Although most reported 3D cell culture scaffolds can better mimic the in vivo dynamic microenvironment, the real-time analysis technique is deficient or lacking. Herein, a stretchable and conductive 3D scaffold is developed to construct an electrochemical biosensor for real-time monitoring of cell release in 3D culture under stimulation of drug stimulant and mechanical force. In our design, the polyurethane sponge (PU) dipped with conductive carbon ink (CC/PU) was used as a conductive scaffold, and gold nanoparticles (nano-Au) were electrodeposited on the CC/PU (nano-Au CC/PU) to improve the electrochemical sensing performance. The prepared nano-Au CC/PU scaffold exhibits a good electrocatalytic ability to H2O2 with a linear range from 20 nM to 43 μM. Due to the great biocompatibility, HeLa cells can be cultured directly on the nano-Au CC/PU and the in situ and real-time tracking of H2O2 secretion from cells was achieved. The results demonstrate that both the drug stimulant and mechanical force can rapidly activate the release of reactive oxygen species. This study indicates that the stretchable 3D sensing scaffold has good potential for cell biology research in an in vivo-like microenvironment and can be extensively used in the fields of tissue engineering, drug screening, and pathological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Lu
- Qidong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qidong, Jiangsu 226200, China
| | - Wenjing Peng
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Su
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Zengqiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Huo
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P. R. China
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14
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Tian R, Li Y, Xu Z, Xu J, Liu J. Current Advances of Atomically Dispersed Metal-Centered Nanozymes for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15712. [PMID: 37958697 PMCID: PMC10648793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes, which combine enzyme-like catalytic activity and the biological properties of nanomaterials, have been widely used in biomedical fields. Single-atom nanozymes (SANs) with atomically dispersed metal centers exhibit excellent biological catalytic activity due to the maximization of atomic utilization efficiency, unique metal coordination structures, and metal-support interaction, and their structure-activity relationship can also be clearly investigated. Therefore, they have become an emerging alternative to natural enzymes. This review summarizes the examples of nanocatalytic therapy based on SANs in tumor diagnosis and treatment in recent years, providing an overview of material classification, activity modulation, and therapeutic means. Next, we will delve into the therapeutic mechanism of SNAs in the tumor microenvironment and the advantages of synergistic multiple therapeutic modalities (e.g., chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, sonothermal therapy, and gas therapy). Finally, this review proposes the main challenges and prospects for the future development of SANs in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (R.T.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (Z.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Yijia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (R.T.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (Z.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhengwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (Z.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Jiayun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (Z.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (Z.X.); (J.X.)
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15
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Hasan M, Al-Thani H, El-Menyar A, Zeidan A, Al-Thani A, Yalcin HC. Disturbed hemodynamics and oxidative stress interaction in endothelial dysfunction and AAA progression: Focus on Nrf2 pathway. Int J Cardiol 2023; 389:131238. [PMID: 37536420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Hemodynamic shear stress is one of the major factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), through its modulatory effect on the endothelial cell's redox homeostasis and mechanosensitive gene expression. Among important mechanisms, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress activation, and the subsequent endothelial dysfunction are attributed to disturbed blood flow and low shear stress in the vascular curvature and bifurcations which are considered atheroprone regions and aneurysm occurrence spots. Many pathways were shown to be involved in AAA progression. Of particular interest from recent findings is, the (Nrf2)/Keap-1 pathway, where Nrf2 is a transcription factor that has antioxidant properties and is strongly associated with several CVDs, yet, the exact mechanism by which Nrf2 alleviates CVDs still to be elucidated. Nrf2 expression is closely affected by shear stress and was shown to participate in AAA. In the current review paper, we discussed the link between disturbed hemodynamics and its effect on Nrf2 as a mechanosensitive gene and its role in the development of endothelial dysfunction which is linked to the progression of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Hasan
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar; Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa Al-Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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16
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Boccatonda A, Balletta M, Vicari S, Hoxha A, Simioni P, Campello E. The Journey Through the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Narrative Review. Semin Thromb Hemost 2023; 49:744-755. [PMID: 36455617 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which may result in several extraintestinal complications (∼20-30% of cases), such as increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The main pathophysiological mechanism of VTE is an inflammation-induced hypercoagulable state, and recent data have shown that endothelial dysregulation due to gut and systemic inflammation may also lead to a prothrombotic state. Several prothrombotic alterations have been described, such as the activation of the coagulation system, platelet abnormalities, and dysregulation of fibrinolysis. Furthermore, the dysregulation of the gut microbiome seems to play a vital role in increasing systemic inflammation and thus inducing a procoagulant state. Our review aims to examine the main correlations between IBD and VTE, the underlying pathophysiology, and current therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Boccatonda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bentivoglio Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Balletta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Vicari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bentivoglio Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ariela Hoxha
- Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Campello
- Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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17
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Zhang Z, Li L, Shi H, Chen B, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu F, Wei W, Zhou Y, Liu K, Xia W, Gu X, Huang J, Tu S, Yin C, Shao A, Jiang L. Role of Circular RNAs in Atherosclerosis through Regulation of Inflammation, Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Apoptosis: Focus on Atherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1461. [PMID: 37629751 PMCID: PMC10456328 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a disease dangerous to human health and the main pathological cause of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Although its pathogenesis is not fully understood, numerous basic and clinical studies have shown that AS is a chronic inflammatory disease existing in all stages of atherogenesis. It may be a common link or pathway in the pathogenesis of multiple atherogenic factors. Inflammation is associated with AS complications, such as plaque rupture and ischemic cerebral infarction. In addition to inflammation, apoptosis plays an important role in AS. Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death, and different apoptotic cells have different or even opposite roles in the process of AS. Unlike linear RNA, circular RNA (circRNA) a covalently closed circular non-coding RNA, is stable and can sponge miRNA, which can affect the stages of AS by regulating downstream pathways. Ultimately, circRNAs play very important roles in AS by regulating inflammation, apoptosis, and some other mechanisms. The study of circular RNAs can provide new ideas for the prediction, prevention, and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Huanqing Shi
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Biao Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Yongji Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Keqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Xin Gu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China;
| | - Sheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China;
| | - Congguo Yin
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
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18
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Zhang Z, Cui S, Fu Y, Wang J, Liu J, Wei F. Mechanical force induces mitophagy-mediated anaerobic oxidation in periodontal ligament stem cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:57. [PMID: 37480044 PMCID: PMC10362665 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preference for glucose oxidative mode has crucial impacts on various physiological activities, including determining stem cell fate. External mechanical factors can play a decisive role in regulating critical metabolic enzymes and pathways of stem cells. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are momentous effector cells that transform mechanical force into biological signals during the reconstruction of alveolar bone. However, mechanical stimuli-induced alteration of oxidative characteristics in PDLSCs and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Herein, we examined the expression of LDH and COX4 by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We detected metabolites of lactic acid and reactive oxygen species for functional tests. We used tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining and a transmission electron microscope to clarify the mitochondrial status. After using western blot and immunofluorescence to clarify the change of DRP1, we further examined MFF, PINK1, and PARKIN by western blot. We used cyclosporin A (CsA) to confirm the regulation of mitophagy and ceased the stretching as a rescue experiment. RESULTS Herein, we ascertained that mechanical force could increase the level of LDH and decrease the expression of COX4 in PDLSCs. Simultaneously, the yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PDLSC reduced after stretching, while lactate acid augmented significantly. Furthermore, mitochondrial function in PDLSCs was negatively affected by impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) under mechanical force, and the augment of mitochondrial fission further induced PRKN-dependent mitophagy, which was confirmed by the rescue experiments via blocking mitophagy. As a reversible physiological stimulation, the anaerobic preference of PDLSCs altered by mechanical force could restore after the cessation of force stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our study demonstrates that PDLSCs under mechanical force preferred anaerobic oxidation induced by the affected mitochondrial dynamics, especially mitophagy. Our findings support an association between mechanical stimulation and the oxidative profile of stem cells, which may shed light on the mechanical guidance of stem cell maintenance and commitment, and lay a molecular foundation for periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyue Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yajing Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jixiao Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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19
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Oh DE, Lee CS, Kim TW, Jeon S, Kim TH. A Flexible and Transparent PtNP/SWCNT/PET Electrochemical Sensor for Nonenzymatic Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide Released from Living Cells with Real-Time Monitoring Capability. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:704. [PMID: 37504103 PMCID: PMC10377607 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We developed a transparent and flexible electrochemical sensor using a platform based on a network of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for the non-enzymatic detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released from living cells. We decorated the SWCNT network on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) using a potentiodynamic method. The PtNP/SWCNT/PET sensor synergized the advantages of a flexible PET substrate, a conducting SWCNT network, and a catalytic PtNP and demonstrated good biocompatibility and flexibility, enabling cell adhesion. The PtNP/SWCNT/PET-based sensor demonstrated enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2, as well as excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. The sensor exhibited a wide dynamic range of 500 nM to 1 M, with a low detection limit of 228 nM. Furthermore, the PtNP/SWCNT/PET sensor remained operationally stable, even after bending at various angles (15°, 30°, 60°, and 90°), with no noticeable loss of current signal. These outstanding characteristics enabled the PtNP/SWCNT/PET sensor to be practically applied for the direct culture of HeLa cells and the real-time monitoring of H2O2 release by the HeLa cells under drug stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Eun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seuk Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Woman's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Medical Life Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seob Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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20
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Banerjee P, Rosales JE, Chau K, Nguyen MTH, Kotla S, Lin SH, Deswal A, Dantzer R, Olmsted-Davis EA, Nguyen H, Wang G, Cooke JP, Abe JI, Le NT. Possible molecular mechanisms underlying the development of atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1186679. [PMID: 37332576 PMCID: PMC10272458 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1186679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer survivors undergone treatment face an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies have revealed that chemotherapy can drive senescent cancer cells to acquire a proliferative phenotype known as senescence-associated stemness (SAS). These SAS cells exhibit enhanced growth and resistance to cancer treatment, thereby contributing to disease progression. Endothelial cell (EC) senescence has been implicated in atherosclerosis and cancer, including among cancer survivors. Treatment modalities for cancer can induce EC senescence, leading to the development of SAS phenotype and subsequent atherosclerosis in cancer survivors. Consequently, targeting senescent ECs displaying the SAS phenotype hold promise as a therapeutic approach for managing atherosclerotic CVD in this population. This review aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of SAS induction in ECs and its contribution to atherosclerosis among cancer survivors. We delve into the mechanisms underlying EC senescence in response to disturbed flow and ionizing radiation, which play pivotal role in atherosclerosis and cancer. Key pathways, including p90RSK/TERF2IP, TGFβR1/SMAD, and BH4 signaling are explored as potential targets for cancer treatment. By comprehending the similarities and distinctions between different types of senescence and the associated pathways, we can pave the way for targeted interventions aim at enhancing the cardiovascular health of this vulnerable population. The insights gained from this review may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for managing atherosclerotic CVD in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julia Enterría Rosales
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Medicine, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Minh T. H. Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven H. Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anita Deswal
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Olmsted-Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John P. Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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21
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Sonoda J, Mizoguchi I, Inoue S, Watanabe A, Sekine A, Yamagishi M, Miyakawa S, Yamaguchi N, Horio E, Katahira Y, Hasegawa H, Hasegawa T, Yamashita K, Yoshimoto T. A Promising Needle-Free Pyro-Drive Jet Injector for Augmentation of Immunity by Intradermal Injection as a Physical Adjuvant. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109094. [PMID: 37240448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current worldwide mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 by intramuscular injection using a needled syringe has greatly protected numerous people from COVID-19. An intramuscular injection is generally well tolerated, safer and easier to perform on a large scale, whereas the skin has the benefit of the presence of numerous immune cells, such as professional antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Therefore, intradermal injection is considered superior to intramuscular injection for the induction of protective immunity, but more proficiency is required for the injection. To improve these issues, several different types of more versatile jet injectors have been developed to deliver DNAs, proteins or drugs by high jet velocity through the skin without a needle. Among them, a new needle-free pyro-drive jet injector has a unique characteristic that utilizes gunpower as a mechanical driving force, in particular, bi-phasic pyrotechnics to provoke high jet velocity and consequently the wide dispersion of the injected DNA solution in the skin. A significant amount of evidence has revealed that it is highly effective as a vaccinating tool to induce potent protective cellular and humoral immunity against cancers and infectious diseases. This is presumably explained by the fact that shear stress generated by the high jet velocity facilitates the uptake of DNA in the cells and, consequently, its protein expression. The shear stress also possibly elicits danger signals which, together with the plasmid DNA, subsequently induces the activation of innate immunity including dendritic cell maturation, leading to the establishment of adaptive immunity. This review summarizes the recent advances in needle-free jet injectors to augment the cellular and humoral immunity by intradermal injection and the possible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukito Sonoda
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shinya Inoue
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Aruma Watanabe
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Ami Sekine
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miu Yamagishi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Satomi Miyakawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Natsuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Eri Horio
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katahira
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasegawa
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, CoMIT 0603, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yamashita
- Department of Device Application for Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, CoMIT 0603, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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22
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Zeng X, Xue CD, Li YJ, Qin KR. A mathematical model for intracellular NO and ROS dynamics in vascular endothelial cells activated by exercise-induced wall shear stress. Math Biosci 2023; 359:109009. [PMID: 37086782 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) residing in the innermost layer of blood vessels are exposed to dynamic wall shear stress (WSS) induced by blood flow. The intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ECs modulated by the dynamic WSS play important roles in endothelial functions. Mathematical modeling is a popular methodology for biophysical studies. It can not only explain existing cell experiments, but also reveal the underlying mechanism. However, the previous mathematical models of NO dynamics in ECs are limited to the static WSS induced by constant flow, while arterial blood flow is a periodic pulsatile flow with varying amplitude and frequency at different exercise intensities. In this study, a mathematical model of intracellular NO and ROS dynamics activated by dynamic WSS based on the in vitro cell experiments is developed. With the hypothesis of the viscoelastic body, the Kelvin model is adopted to simulate the mechanosensors on EC. Thus, the NO dynamics activated by dynamic shear stresses induced by constant flow, pulsatile flow, and oscillatory flow are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the roles of ROS have been considered for the first time in the modeling of NO dynamics in ECs based on the analysis of cell experiments. The predictions of the proposed model coincide fairly well with the experimental data when ECs are subjected to exercise-induced WSS. The mechanism is elucidated that WSS induced by moderate-intensity exercise is most favorable to NO production in ECs. This study can provide valuable insights for further study of NO and ROS dynamics in ECs and help develop appropriate exercise regimens for improving endothelial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zeng
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Chun-Dong Xue
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, PR China.
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23
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Balas M, Nistorescu S, Badea MA, Dinischiotu A, Boni M, Dinache A, Smarandache A, Udrea AM, Prepelita P, Staicu A. Photodynamic Activity of TMPyP4/TiO 2 Complex under Blue Light in Human Melanoma Cells: Potential for Cancer-Selective Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041194. [PMID: 37111678 PMCID: PMC10144582 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and photosensitizers (PS) may offer significant advantages in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of melanoma, such as improved cell penetration, enhanced ROS production, and cancer selectivity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the photodynamic effect of 5,10,15,20-(Tetra-N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin tetratosylate (TMPyP4) complexes with TiO2 NPs on human cutaneous melanoma cells by irradiation with 1 mW/cm2 blue light. The porphyrin conjugation with the NPs was analyzed by absorption and FTIR spectroscopy. The morphological characterization of the complexes was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering. The singlet oxygen generation was analyzed by phosphorescence at 1270 nm. Our predictions indicated that the non-irradiated investigated porphyrin has a low degree of toxicity. The photodynamic activity of the TMPyP4/TiO2 complex was assessed on the human melanoma Mel-Juso cell line and non-tumor skin CCD-1070Sk cell line treated with various concentrations of the PS and subjected to dark conditions and visible light-irradiation. The tested complexes of TiO2 NPs with TMPyP4 presented cytotoxicity only after activation by blue light (405 nm) mediated by the intracellular production of ROS in a dose-dependent manner. The photodynamic effect observed in this evaluation was higher in melanoma cells than the effect observed in the non-tumor cell line, demonstrating a promising potential for cancer-selectivity in PDT of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Balas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Nistorescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Madalina Andreea Badea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 90-92 Sos. Panduri, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Boni
- Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Andra Dinache
- Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Adriana Smarandache
- Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Udrea
- Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 90-92 Sos. Panduri, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petronela Prepelita
- Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Angela Staicu
- Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 077125 Magurele, Romania
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24
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Vorn R, Yoo HY. Food Restriction Augmented Alpha1-Adrenergic Mediated Contraction in Mesenteric Arteries. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:198-209. [PMID: 36203228 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221132247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Food restriction (FR) enhances sensitivity to cardiopulmonary reflexes and α1-adrenoreceptors in females in the presence of hypotension. However, the effect of FR on cardiopulmonary and vascular function in males is not well-understood. This study examines the effects of FR on cardiopulmonary, isolated arterial function, and potential underlying mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and monitored for 5 weeks: (1) control (n = 30), (2) 20% food reduction (FR20, n = 30), and (3) 40% food reduction (FR40, n = 30). Non-invasive blood pressure was measured twice a week. Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was measured using isolated/perfused lungs. The isolated vascular reactivity was assessed using double-wire myographs. FR rats exhibited a lower mean arterial pressure and heart rate; however, only the FR40 group exhibited statistically significant differences. We observed that FR enhanced sensitivity (EC50) to vasoconstriction induced by the α1-adrenoreceptor phenylephrine (PhE) but not to serotonin, U46619, or high K+ in the mesenteric arteries. PhE-mediated vasoconstriction in the mesenteric arteries was eliminated in the presence of the eNOS inhibitor (L-NAME). In addition, incubation with NOX2/4 inhibitors (apocynin, GKT137831, and VAS2870) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger inhibitor (Tiron) eliminated the differences in PhE-mediated vasoconstriction, but the cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) in the mesenteric arteries did not. Augmentation of α1-adrenergic-mediated contraction via the inhibition of the eNOS-NO pathway increased the activation of ROS through NOX2/4 in response to FR. Reduced eNOS-NO signaling may be a pathophysiological counterbalance to prevent hypovolemic shock in response to FR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rany Vorn
- Department of Nursing, 26729Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
- School of Nursing, 1466Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hae Young Yoo
- Department of Nursing, 26729Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Ho YJ, Hsu HC, Wu BH, Lin YC, Liao LD, Yeh CK. Preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury by acousto-mechanical local oxygen delivery. J Control Release 2023; 356:481-492. [PMID: 36921723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological process that causes vascular damage and dysfunction which increases recurrence and/or mortality in myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and organ transplantation. We hypothesized that ultrasound-stimulated oxygen-loaded microbubble (O2-MB) cavitation would enhance mechanical force on endothelium and simultaneously release oxygen locally at the targeted vessels. This cooperation between biomechanical and biochemical stimuli might modulate endothelial metabolism, providing a potential clinical approach to the prevention of I/R injury. Murine hindlimb and cardiac I/R models were used to demonstrate the feasibility of injury prevention by O2-MB cavitation. Increased mechanical force on endothelium induced eNOS-activated vasodilation and angiogenesis to prevent re-occlusion at the I/R vessels. Local oxygen therapy increased endothelial oxygenation that inhibited HIF-1α expression, increased ATP generation, and activated cyclin D1 for cell repair. Moreover, a decrease in interstitial H2O2 level reduced the expression of caspase3, NFκB, TNFα, and IL6, thus ameliorating inflammatory responses. O2-MB cavitation showed efficacy in maintaining cardiac function and preventing myocardial fibrosis after I/R. Finally, we present a potential pathway for the modulation of endothelial metabolism by O2-MB cavitation in relation to I/R injury, wound healing, and vascular bioeffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Ho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ching Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Huan Wu
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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26
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Ryan AK, Rich W, Reilly MA. Oxidative stress in the brain and retina after traumatic injury. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1021152. [PMID: 36816125 PMCID: PMC9935939 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1021152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain and the retina share many physiological similarities, which allows the retina to serve as a model of CNS disease and disorder. In instances of trauma, the eye can even indicate damage to the brain via abnormalities observed such as irregularities in pupillary reflexes in suspected traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders and in both traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) and in TBI. In a healthy system, ROS play a pivotal role in cellular communication, but in neurodegenerative diseases and post-trauma instances, ROS elevation can exacerbate neurodegeneration in both the brain and the retina. Increased ROS can overwhelm the inherent antioxidant systems which are regulated via mitochondrial processes. The overabundance of ROS can lead to protein, DNA, and other forms of cellular damage which ultimately result in apoptosis. Even though elevated ROS have been observed to be a major cause in the neurodegeneration observed after TON and TBI, many antioxidants therapeutic strategies fail. In order to understand why these therapeutic approaches fail further research into the direct injury cascades must be conducted. Additional therapeutic approaches such as therapeutics capable of anti-inflammatory properties and suppression of other neurodegenerative processes may be needed for the treatment of TON, TBI, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie K. Ryan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wade Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Matthew A. Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Matthew A. Reilly,
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27
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Amponsah-Offeh M, Diaba-Nuhoho P, Speier S, Morawietz H. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020281. [PMID: 36829839 PMCID: PMC9952760 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, hypertension remains a serious threat to global public health. Despite the availability of many antihypertensive medications, several hypertensive individuals are resistant to standard treatments, and are unable to control their blood pressure. Regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) controlling blood pressure, activation of the immune system triggering inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress and redox-sensitive signaling, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, besides standard antihypertensive medications, which lower arterial pressure, antioxidant medications were tested to improve antihypertensive treatment. We review and discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension and the potential use of antioxidants in the management of hypertension and its associated organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amponsah-Offeh
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Speier
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-4586625; Fax: +49-351-4586354
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28
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Lowis C, Ramara Winaya A, Kumari P, Rivera CF, Vlahos J, Hermantara R, Pratama MY, Ramkhelawon B. Mechanosignals in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1021934. [PMID: 36698932 PMCID: PMC9868277 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1021934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence has shown that mechanical and frictional forces exert distinct effects in the multi-cellular aortic layers and play a significant role in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). These mechanical cues collectively trigger signaling cascades relying on mechanosensory cellular hubs that regulate vascular remodeling programs leading to the exaggerated degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), culminating in lethal aortic rupture. In this review, we provide an update and summarize the current understanding of the mechanotransduction networks in different cell types during AAA development. We focus on different mechanosensors and stressors that accumulate in the AAA sac and the mechanotransduction cascades that contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, remodeling, and ECM degradation. We provide perspectives on manipulating this mechano-machinery as a new direction for future research in AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Lowis
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States,Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aurellia Ramara Winaya
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States,Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Puja Kumari
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cristobal F. Rivera
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - John Vlahos
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rio Hermantara
- Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life-Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yogi Pratama
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States,Muhammad Yogi Pratama,
| | - Bhama Ramkhelawon
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Bhama Ramkhelawon,
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29
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Abdelkarim M, Perez-Davalos L, Abdelkader Y, Abostait A, Labouta HI. Critical design parameters to develop biomimetic organ-on-a-chip models for the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of nanoparticles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:13-30. [PMID: 36440475 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2152000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) models are based on microfluidics and can recapitulate the healthy and diseased microstructure of organs1 and tissues and the dynamic microenvironment inside the human body. However, the use of OOC models to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) is still in the early stages. AREAS COVERED The different design parameters of the microfluidic chip and the mechanical forces generated by fluid flow play a pivotal role in simulating the human environment. This review discusses the role of different key parameters on the performance of OOC models. These include the flow pattern, flow rate, shear stress (magnitude, rate, and distribution), viscosity of the media, and the microchannel dimensions and shape. We also discuss how the shear stress and other mechanical forces affect the transport of NPs across biological barriers, cell uptake, and their biocompatibility. EXPERT OPINION We describe several good practices and design parameters to consider for future OOC research. We submit that following these recommendations will help realize the full potential of the OOC models in the preclinical evaluation of novel therapies, including NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelkarim
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, R3T 5V6, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Luis Perez-Davalos
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yasmin Abdelkader
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Abostait
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hagar I Labouta
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, R3T 5V6, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
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Lin S, Lin R, Zhang H, Xu Q, He Y. Peripheral vascular remodeling during ischemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1078047. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1078047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
About 230 million people worldwide suffer from peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and the prevalence is increasing year by year. Multiple risk factors, including smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension, can contribute to the development of PAD. PAD is typically characterized by intermittent claudication and resting pain, and there is a risk of severe limb ischemia, leading to major adverse limb events, such as amputation. Currently, a major progress in the research field of the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling, including atherosclerosis and neointima hyperplasia has been made. For example, the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle phenotype switching have been described. Interestingly, a series of focused studies on fibroblasts of the vessel wall has demonstrated their impact on smooth muscle proliferation and even endothelial function via cell-cell communications. In this review, we aim to focus on the functional changes of peripheral arterial cells and the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of PAD. At the same time, we summarize the progress of the current clinical treatment and potential therapeutic methods for PAD and shine a light on future perspectives.
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Changes in interstitial fluid flow, mass transport and the bone cell response in microgravity and normogravity. Bone Res 2022; 10:65. [PMID: 36411278 PMCID: PMC9678891 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our scientific interest in spaceflight has grown exponentially and resulted in a thriving area of research, with hundreds of astronauts spending months of their time in space. A recent shift toward pursuing territories farther afield, aiming at near-Earth asteroids, the Moon, and Mars combined with the anticipated availability of commercial flights to space in the near future, warrants continued understanding of the human physiological processes and response mechanisms when in this extreme environment. Acute skeletal loss, more severe than any bone loss seen on Earth, has significant implications for deep space exploration, and it remains elusive as to why there is such a magnitude of difference between bone loss on Earth and loss in microgravity. The removal of gravity eliminates a critical primary mechano-stimulus, and when combined with exposure to both galactic and solar cosmic radiation, healthy human tissue function can be negatively affected. An additional effect found in microgravity, and one with limited insight, involves changes in dynamic fluid flow. Fluids provide the most fundamental way to transport chemical and biochemical elements within our bodies and apply an essential mechano-stimulus to cells. Furthermore, the cell cytoplasm is not a simple liquid, and fluid transport phenomena together with viscoelastic deformation of the cytoskeleton play key roles in cell function. In microgravity, flow behavior changes drastically, and the impact on cells within the porous system of bone and the influence of an expanding level of adiposity are not well understood. This review explores the role of interstitial fluid motion and solute transport in porous bone under two different conditions: normogravity and microgravity.
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Marynowska M, Herosimczyk A, Lepczyński A, Barszcz M, Konopka A, Dunisławska A, Ożgo M. Gene and Protein Accumulation Changes Evoked in Porcine Aorta in Response to Feeding with Two Various Fructan Sources. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223147. [PMID: 36428375 PMCID: PMC9687048 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two different ITFs sources were incorporated into a cereal-based diet to evaluate possible aortic protein and gene changes in nursery pigs. The animals were fed two different experimental diets from the 10th day of life, supplemented with either 4% of dried chicory root (CR) or with 2% of native inulin (IN). After a 40-day dietary intervention trial, pigs were sacrificed at day 50 and the aortas were harvested. Our data indicate that dietary ITFs have the potential to influence several structural and physiological changes that are reflected both in the mRNA and protein levels in porcine aorta. In contrast to our hypothesis, we could not show any beneficial effects of a CR diet on vascular functions. The direction of changes of several proteins and genes may indicate disrupted ECM turnover (COL6A1 and COL6A2, MMP2, TIMP3, EFEMP1), increased inflammation and lipid accumulation (FFAR2), as well as decreased activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (TXNDC5, ORM1). On the other hand, the IN diet may counteract a highly pro-oxidant environment through the endothelin-NO axis (CALR, TCP1, HSP8, PDIA3, RCN2), fibrinolytic activity (ANXA2), anti-atherogenic (CAVIN-1) and anti-calcification (LMNA) properties, thus contributing to the maintenance of vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marynowska
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Herosimczyk
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Barszcz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Adrianna Konopka
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dunisławska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ożgo
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Soragni C, Rabussier G, Lanz HL, Bircsak KM, de Windt LJ, Trietsch SJ, Murdoch CE, Ng CP. A versatile multiplexed assay to quantify intracellular ROS and cell viability in 3D on-a-chip models. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102488. [PMID: 36201911 PMCID: PMC9535429 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have different properties and biological functions. They contribute to cell signaling and, in excessive amounts, to oxidative stress (OS). Although ROS is pivotal in a wide number of physiological systems and pathophysiological processes, direct quantification in vivo is quite challenging and mainly limited to in vitro studies. Even though advanced in vitro cell culture techniques, like on-a-chip culture, have overcome the lack of crucial in vivo-like physiological aspects in 2D culture, the majority of in vitro ROS quantification studies are generally performed in 2D. Here we report the development, application, and validation of a multiplexed assay to quantify ROS and cell viability in organ-on-a-chip models. The assay utilizes three dyes to stain live cells for ROS, dead cells, and DNA. Confocal images were analyzed to quantify ROS probes and determine the number of nuclei and dead cells. We found that, in contrast to what has been reported with 2D cell culture, on-a-chip models are more prone to scavenge ROS rather than accumulate them. The assay is sensitive enough to distinguish between different phenotypes of endothelial cells (ECs) based on the level of OS to detect higher level in tumor than normal cells. Our results indicate that the use of physiologically relevant models and this assay could help unravelling the mechanisms behind OS and ROS accumulation. A further step could be taken in data analysis by implementing AI in the pipeline to also analyze images for morphological changes to have an even broader view of OS mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Soragni
- MIMETAS BV, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Gwenaëlle Rabussier
- MIMETAS BV, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Leon J de Windt
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Colin E Murdoch
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Chen YN, Chan CK, Yen CY, Shiau JP, Chang MY, Wang CC, Jeng JH, Tang JY, Chang HW. Antioral Cancer Effects by the Nitrated [6,6,6]Tricycles Compound (SK1) In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2072. [PMID: 36290795 PMCID: PMC9598307 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel nitrated [6,6,6]tricycles-derived compound containing nitro, methoxy, and ispropyloxy groups, namely SK1, was developed in our previous report. However, the anticancer effects of SK1 were not assessed. Moreover, SK1 contains two nitro groups (NO2) and one nitrogen-oxygen (N-O) bond exhibiting the potential for oxidative stress generation, but this was not examined. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferation effects and oxidative stress and its associated responses between oral cancer and normal cells. Based on the MTS assay, SK1 demonstrated more antiproliferation ability in oral cancer cells than normal cells, reversed by N-acetylcysteine. This suggests that SK1 causes antiproliferation effects preferentially in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. The oxidative stress-associated responses were further validated, showing higher ROS/MitoSOX burst, MMP, and GSH depletion in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Meanwhile, SK1 caused oxidative stress-causing apoptosis, such as caspases 3/8/9, and DNA damages, such as γH2AX and 8-OHdG, to a greater extent in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Siilar to cell viability, these oxidative stress responses were partially diminished by NAC, indicating that SK1 promoted oxidative stress-dependent responses. In conclusion, SK1 exerts oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage to a greater extent to oral cancer cells than in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ning Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yang Chang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | | | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Science, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Patient-Specific Image-Based Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Abdominal Aorta and Branches. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091502. [PMID: 36143287 PMCID: PMC9503755 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated abdominal aorta and its branches are a portion of the circulatory system prone to developing atherosclerotic plaque and aneurysms. These disorders are closely connected to the changing blood flow environment that the area’s complicated architecture produces (between celiac artery and iliac artery bifurcation); this phenomenon is widespread at arterial bifurcations. Based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans, this current work offers a numerical analysis of a patient-specific reconstruction of the abdominal aorta and its branches to identify and emphasize the most likely areas to develop atherosclerosis. The simulations were run following the heart cycle and under physiological settings. The wall shear stress (WSS), velocity field, and streamlines were examined. According to the findings, complex flow is primarily present at the location of arterial bifurcations, where abnormal flow patterns create recirculation zones with low and fluctuating WSS (<0.5 Pa), which are known to affect endothelial homeostasis and cause adverse vessel remodeling. The study provides a patient-specific hemodynamic analysis model, which couples in vivo CT imaging with in silico simulation under physiological circumstances. The study offers quantitative data on the range fluctuations of important hemodynamic parameters, such as WSS and recirculation region expansion, which are directly linked to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. The findings could also help drug targeting at this vascular level by understanding blood flow patterns in the abdominal aorta and its branches.
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Wang L, Chen X, Yi Z, Xu R, Dong J, Wang S, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Facile Synthesis of Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks Nanotubes for Ultrahigh-Performance Flexible NO Sensors. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200581. [PMID: 35931460 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cu-benzenehexathiol (Cu-BHT) has attracted significant attention due to its record high electrical conductivity and crystal defects Cu2c . However, the nonporous structure and small specific surface area of Cu-BHT with two-dimensional kagome lattice invariably limit its practical application in sensing and catalysis. In this work, Cu-BHT nanotubes (Cu-BHT-NTs) are designed and prepared via a facile homogeneous reaction to solve these problems. Compared with the traditional nanorod-like structure, the Cu-BHT-NTs not only have a higher specific surface area but also possess a higher proportion of crystal defects (66.6%). The successfully configured DPPTT/Cu-BHT-NTs heterostructure organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity as high as 13 610%, a minimum detection limits down to 5 ppb, and exceptional selectivity to nitric oxide (NO) toxic gases. Theoretical analysis systematically shows that Cu2c sites in the Cu-BHT-NTs increase the number of electrons transferred from the heterostructure to NO molecules, confirming that the high sensitivity and selectivity result from the high binding between Cu-BHT-NTs and NO molecules. Furthermore, a fully flexible device based on the heterojunction OFET sensor is prepared to ensure the convenience of wearing and carrying gas sensors, opening up a new avenue for the next generation of wearable intelligent electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Upscaling human mesenchymal stromal cell production in a novel vertical-wheel bioreactor enhances extracellular vesicle secretion and cargo profile. Bioact Mater 2022; 25:732-747. [PMID: 37056276 PMCID: PMC10087597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are mechanically sensitive undergoing phenotypic alterations when subjected to shear stress, cell aggregation, and substrate changes encountered in 3D dynamic bioreactor cultures. However, little is known about how bioreactor microenvironment affects the secretion and cargo profiles of hMSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) including the subset, "exosomes", which contain therapeutic proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from the parent cells. In this study, bone marrow-derived hMSCs were expanded on 3D Synthemax II microcarriers in the PBS mini 0.1L Vertical-Wheel bioreactor system under variable shear stress levels at 25, 40, and 64 RPM (0.1-0.3 dyn/cm2). The bioreactor system promotes EV secretion from hMSCs by 2.5-fold and upregulates the expression of EV biogenesis markers and glycolysis genes compared to the static 2D culture. The microRNA cargo was also altered in the EVs from bioreactor culture including the upregulation of miR-10, 19a, 19b, 21, 132, and 377. EV protein cargo was characterized by proteomics analysis, showing upregulation of metabolic, autophagy and ROS-related proteins comparing with 2D cultured EVs. In addition, the scalability of the Vertical-Wheel bioreactor system was demonstrated in a 0.5L bioreactor, showing similar or better hMSC-EV secretion and cargo content compared to the 0.1L bioreactor. This study advances our understanding of bio-manufacturing of stem cell-derived EVs for applications in cell-free therapy towards treating neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
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Adams JA, Lopez JR, Nadkarni V, Zolkipli‐Cunningham Z, Ischiropoulos H, Sackner MA. The effects of a motorized passive simulated jogging device on descent of the arterial pulse waveform dicrotic notch: A single arm placebo-controlled cross-over trial. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15418. [PMID: 35924333 PMCID: PMC9350470 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole Body Periodic Acceleration (WBPA, pGz), is a bed that moves the body headward to forward, adds pulses to the circulation inducing descent of the dicrotic notch (DN) on the pulse waveform with an increase in a/b ratio (a = the height of the pulse waveform and b = the height of the secondary wave). Since the WBPA is large, heavy, and non-portable, we engineered a portable device (Jogging Device, JD). JD simulates passive jogging and introduces pulsations to the circulation. We hypothesized that JD would increase the a/b ratio during and after its use. In Study A, a single-arm placebo-controlled cross-over trial was conducted in24 adults (53.8 ± 14.4 years) using JD or control (CONT) for 30 min. Blood pressure (BPs and BPd) and photoplethysmograph pulse (a/b) were measured at baseline (BL), during 30 min of JD or CONT, and 5 and 60 min after. In Study B (n = 20, 52.2 ± 7 years), a single-arm observational trial of 7 consecutive days of JD on BP and a/b, measured at BL, and after 7 days of JD and 48 and 72 hr after its discontinuation. In Study A, BPs, and BPd decreased during JD by 13% and 16%, respectively, while in CONT both increased by 2% and 2.5%, respectively. The a/b increased by 2-fold and remained greater than 2-fold at all-time points, with no change in a/b during CONT. In Study B, BPs and BPd decreased by 9% and remained below BL, at 72 hr after discontinuation of JD. DN descent also occurred after 7 days of JD with a/b increase of 80% and remained elevated by 60% for at least 72 h. JD improves acute and longer-term vascular hemodynamics with an increase in a/b, consistent with increased effects of nitric oxide (NO). JD may have significant clinical and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Adams
- Division NeonatologyMt Sinai Medical Center of Greater MiamiMiami BeachFloridaUSA
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of ResearchMt Sinai Medical Center of Greater MiamiMiami BeachFloridaUSA
| | - Vinay Nadkarni
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli‐Cunningham
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (MMFP), Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine (CMEM), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Division of Neonatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Marvin A. Sackner
- Department of ResearchMt Sinai Medical Center of Greater MiamiMiami BeachFloridaUSA
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Zhang W, Li QQ, Gao HY, Wang YC, Cheng M, Wang YX. The regulation of yes-associated protein/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif and their roles in vascular endothelium. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:925254. [PMID: 35935626 PMCID: PMC9354077 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.925254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal endothelial function plays a pivotal role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, while endothelial dysfunction causes the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) serve as crucial nuclear effectors in the Hippo signaling pathway, which are regulated by mechanical stress, extracellular matrix stiffness, drugs, and other factors. Increasing evidence supports that YAP/TAZ play an important role in the regulation of endothelial-related functions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Herein, we systematically review the factors affecting YAP/TAZ, downstream target genes regulated by YAP/TAZ and the roles of YAP/TAZ in regulating endothelial functions, in order to provide novel potential targets and effective approaches to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qian-qian Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Han-yi Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yong-chun Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Min Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Min Cheng,
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Yan-Xia Wang,
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Imperatrice M, Cuijpers I, Troost FJ, Sthijns MMJPE. Hesperidin Functions as an Ergogenic Aid by Increasing Endothelial Function and Decreasing Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Thereby Contributing to Improved Exercise Performance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142955. [PMID: 35889917 PMCID: PMC9316530 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of blood flow to peripheral muscles is crucial for proper skeletal muscle functioning and exercise performance. During exercise, increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation leads to increased electron leakage and consequently induces an increase in ROS formation, contributing to DNA, lipid, and protein damage. Moreover, exercise may increase blood- and intramuscular inflammatory factors leading to a deterioration in endurance performance. The aim of this review is to investigate the potential mechanisms through which the polyphenol hesperidin could lead to enhanced exercise performance, namely improved endothelial function, reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress, and inflammation. We selected in vivo RCTs, animal studies, and in vitro studies in which hesperidin, its aglycone form hesperetin, hesperetin-metabolites, or orange juice are supplemented at any dosage and where the parameters related to endothelial function, oxidative stress, and/or inflammation have been measured. The results collected in this review show that hesperidin improves endothelial function (via increased NO availability), inhibits ROS production, decreases production and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory markers, and improves anaerobic exercise outcomes (e.g., power, speed, energy). For elite and recreational athletes, hesperidin could be used as an ergogenic aid to enhance muscle recovery between training sessions, optimize oxygen and nutrient supplies to the muscles, and improve anaerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Imperatrice
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 50, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Iris Cuijpers
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Freddy J. Troost
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
| | - Mireille M. J. P. E. Sthijns
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
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The Cerebral Arterial Wall in the Development and Growth of Intracranial Aneurysms. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A considerable number of people harbor intracranial aneurysms (IA), which is a focal or segmental disease of the arterial wall. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of IAs formation, growth, and rupture are complex. The mechanism also differs with respect to the type of aneurysm. In broad aspects, aneurysms may be considered a disease of the vessel wall. In addition to the classic risk factors and the genetic/environmental conditions, altered structural and pathologic events along with the interaction of the surrounding environment and luminal flow dynamics contribute to the aneurysm’s development and growth. In this review, we have tried to simplify the complex interaction of a multitude of events in relation to vessel wall in the formation and growth of IAs.
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3β-Hydroxy-5β-hydroxy-B-norcholestane-6β-carboxaldehyde (SEC-B) Induces Proinflammatory Activation of Human Endothelial Cells Associated with Nitric Oxide Production and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase/Caveolin-1 Dysregulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061148. [PMID: 35740044 PMCID: PMC9220016 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are a family of 27-carbon cholesterol oxidation derivatives found in low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and atherosclerotic plaques where they trigger several biological responses involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Several pieces of evidence suggest that oxysterols contribute to endothelial dysfunction (ED) due to their ability to alter membrane fluidity and cell permeability leading to inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular events occurring in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in response to autoxidation-generated 3β-hydroxy-5β-hydroxy-B-norcholestane-6β-carboxaldehyde (SEC-B) exposure. Our results highlight that SEC-B rapidly activates HMEC-1 by inducing oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO) production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Exposure to SEC-B up to 24 h results in persistent accumulation of the vasodilator NO paralleled by an upregulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme and downregulation of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) protein levels. Moreover, reduced expression and extracellular release of the vasoconstrictor factor endothelin-1 (ET-1) are observed. Furthermore, SEC-B stimulates the expression of the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). This proinflammatory state leads to increased monocyte recruitment on activated HMEC-1 cells. Our findings add new knowledge on the role of SEC-B in ED and further support its potential implication in atherosclerosis.
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Wilde C, Mitgau J, Suchý T, Schoeneberg T, Liebscher I. Translating the Force - mechano-sensing GPCRs. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1047-C1060. [PMID: 35417266 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00465.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating mechanical cues into cellular responses allows us to experience our direct environment. Specialized cells can perceive and discriminate between different physical properties such as level of vibration, temperature, or pressure. Mechanical forces are abundant signals that also shape general cellular responses such as cytoskeletal rearrangement, differentiation, or migration and contribute to tissue development and function. The molecular structures that perceive and transduce mechanical forces are specialized cytoskeletal proteins, cell junction molecules, and membrane proteins such as ion channels and metabotropic receptors. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have attracted attention as metabotropic force receptors as they are among the most important drug targets. This review summarizes the function of mechano-sensitive GPCRs, specifically, the angiotensin II type 1 receptor and adrenergic, apelin, histamine, parathyroid hormone 1, and orphan receptors, focusing particularly on the advanced knowledge gained from adhesion-type GPCRs. We distinguish between shear stress and cell swelling/stretch as the two major types of mechano-activation of these receptors and contemplate the potential contribution of the force-from-lipid and force-from-tether models that have previously been suggested for ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wilde
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Jakob Mitgau
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Tomás Suchý
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Torsten Schoeneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Germany
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Bonanni A, d’Aiello A, Pedicino D, Di Sario M, Vinci R, Ponzo M, Ciampi P, Lo Curto D, Conte C, Cribari F, Canonico F, Russo G, Montone RA, Trani C, Severino A, Crea F, Liuzzo G. Molecular Hallmarks of Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: The "INOCA versus Obstructive CCS" Challenge. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061711. [PMID: 35330036 PMCID: PMC8951436 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 4 million patients with signs of myocardial ischemia have no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). The absence of precise guidelines for diagnosis and treatment in non-obstructive CAD encourages the scientific community to fill the gap knowledge, to provide non-invasive and less expensive diagnostic tools. The aim of our study was to explore the biological profile of Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries (INOCA) patients with microvascular dysfunction compared to patients presenting with obstructive chronic coronary syndrome (ObCCS) in order to find specific hallmarks of each clinical condition. We performed a gene expression array from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from INOCA (n = 18) and ObCCS (n = 20) patients. Our results showed a significantly reduced gene expression of molecules involved in cell adhesion, signaling, vascular motion, and inflammation in INOCA as compared to the ObCCS group. In detail, we found lower expression of Platelet and Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CD31, p < 0.0001), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM1, p = 0.0004), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF p = 0.0003), Transferrin Receptor (TFRC, p = 0.002), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA, p = 0.0006) in the INOCA group compared with ObCCS. Meanwhile, we observed an increased expression of Hyaluronidase (HYAL2, p < 0.0001) in INOCA patients in comparison to ObCCS. The distinct expression of molecular biomarkers might allow an early and non-invasive differential diagnosis between ObCCS and INOCA, improving clinical management and treatment options, in the era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bonanni
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia d’Aiello
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pedicino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-4187
| | - Marianna Di Sario
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Ramona Vinci
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Myriana Ponzo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Pellegrino Ciampi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Denise Lo Curto
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Cristina Conte
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Cribari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesco Canonico
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulio Russo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Rocco Antonio Montone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Trani
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Severino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.d.); (M.D.S.); (R.V.); (M.P.); (P.C.); (D.L.C.); (C.C.); (F.C.); (G.R.); (R.A.M.); (C.T.); (A.S.); (F.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Fuh KF, Withell J, Shepherd RD, Rinker KD. Fluid Flow Stimulation Modulates Expression of S100 Genes in Normal Breast Epithelium and Breast Cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:115-127. [PMID: 35087607 PMCID: PMC8761192 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION S100 proteins are intracellular calcium ion sensors that participate in cellular processes, some of which are involved in normal breast functioning and breast cancer development. Despite several S100 genes being overexpressed in breast cancer, their roles during disease development remain elusive. Human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) can be exposed to fluid shear stresses and implications of such interactions have not been previously studied. The goal of this study was to analyze expression profiles of S100 genes upon exposing HMECs to fluid flow. METHODS HMECs and breast cancer cell lines were exposed to fluid flow in a parallel-plate bioreactor system. Changes in gene expression were quantified using microarrays and qPCR, gene-gene interactions were elucidated using network analysis, and key modified genes were examined in three independent clinical datasets. RESULTS S100 genes were among the most upregulated genes upon flow stimulation. Network analysis revealed interactions between upregulated transcripts, including interactions between S100P, S100PBP, S100A4, S100A7, S100A8 and S100A9. Overexpression of S100s was also observed in patients with early stage breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue, and in most breast cancer patients. Finally, survival analysis revealed reduced survival times for patients with elevated expression of S100A7 and S100P. CONCLUSION This study shows that exposing HMECs to fluid flow upregulates genes identified clinically to be overexpressed during breast cancer development, including S100A7 and S100P. These findings are the first to show that S100 genes are flow-responsive and might be participating in a fundamental adaptation pathway in normal tissue that is also active in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth F. Fuh
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jessica Withell
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Robert D. Shepherd
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Kristina D. Rinker
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Canada, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Centre for Bioengineering Research & Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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Bahaaeldine MA, El Garhy M, Fahmy SR, Mohamed AS. In vitro anti-Toxocara vitulorum effect of silver nanoparticles. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:409-420. [DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Steinhorn B, Eroglu E, Michel T. Chemogenetic Approaches to Probe Redox Pathways: Implications for Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 62:551-571. [PMID: 34530645 PMCID: PMC10507364 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-012221-082339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemogenetics refers to experimental systems that dynamically regulate the activity of a recombinant protein by providing or withholding the protein's specific biochemical stimulus. Chemogenetic tools permit precise dynamic control of specific signaling molecules to delineate the roles of those molecules in physiology and disease. Yeast d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) enables chemogenetic manipulation of intracellular redox balance by generating hydrogen peroxide only in the presence of d-amino acids. Advances in biosensors have allowed the precise quantitation of these signaling molecules. The combination of chemogenetic approaches with biosensor methodologies has opened up new lines of investigation, allowing the analysis of intracellular redox pathways that modulate physiological and pathological cell responses. We anticipate that newly developed transgenic chemogenetic models will permit dynamic modulation of cellularredox balance in diverse cells and tissues and will facilitate the identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets involved in both physiological redox pathways and pathological oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Steinhorn
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Michel
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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Sunderland K, Jiang J, Zhao F. Disturbed flow's impact on cellular changes indicative of vascular aneurysm initiation, expansion, and rupture: A pathological and methodological review. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:278-300. [PMID: 34486114 PMCID: PMC8810685 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysms are malformations within the arterial vasculature brought on by the structural breakdown of the microarchitecture of the vessel wall, with aneurysms posing serious health risks in the event of their rupture. Blood flow within vessels is generally laminar with high, unidirectional wall shear stressors that modulate vascular endothelial cell functionality and regulate vascular smooth muscle cells. However, altered vascular geometry induced by bifurcations, significant curvature, stenosis, or clinical interventions can alter the flow, generating low stressor disturbed flow patterns. Disturbed flow is associated with altered cellular morphology, upregulated expression of proteins modulating inflammation, decreased regulation of vascular permeability, degraded extracellular matrix, and heightened cellular apoptosis. The understanding of the effects disturbed flow has on the cellular cascades which initiate aneurysms and promote their subsequent growth can further elucidate the nature of this complex pathology. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the disturbed flow and its relation to aneurysm pathology, the methods used to investigate these relations, as well as how such knowledge has impacted clinical treatment methodologies. This information can contribute to the understanding of the development, growth, and rupture of aneurysms and help develop novel research and aneurysmal treatment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sunderland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Jingfeng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931,Corresponding Authors: Feng Zhao, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77843-312, Tel : 979-458-1239, , Jingfeng Jiang, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, Tel: 906-487-1943
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843,Corresponding Authors: Feng Zhao, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77843-312, Tel : 979-458-1239, , Jingfeng Jiang, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, Tel: 906-487-1943
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Lin T, Xu Y, Zhao A, He W, Xiao F. Flexible electrochemical sensors integrated with nanomaterials for in situ determination of small molecules in biological samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1207:339461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Datta D, Singh R, Velayutham R, Bhattacharya A, Ray U, Dasgupta S, Dutta S, Saha A, Roy D, Ghosh S, Arumugam S, Datta P, Ganguly NK. SARS-CoV-2 Infection after Effects: Multi-Organ Damage through Oxygen Radicals. APOLLO MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/am.am_122_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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