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Martins YA, Guerra-Gomes IC, Rodrigues TS, Tapparel C, Lopez RFV. Enhancing pulmonary delivery and immunomodulation of respiratory diseases through virus-mimicking nanoparticles. J Control Release 2024; 372:417-432. [PMID: 38908758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces the nanobromhexine lipid particle (NBL) platform designed for effective pulmonary drug delivery. Inspired by respiratory virus transport mechanisms, NBL address challenges associated with mucus permeation and inflammation in pulmonary diseases. Composed of low molecular weight polyethylene glycol-coated lipid nanoparticles with bromhexine hydrochloride, NBL exhibit a size of 118 ± 24 nm, a neutral zeta potential, osmolarity of 358 ± 28 mOsmol/kg, and a pH of 6.5. Nebulizing without leakage and showing no toxicity to epithelial cells, NBL display mucoadhesive properties with a 60% mucin-binding efficiency. They effectively traverse the dense mucus layer of Calu-3 cultures in an air-liquid interface, as supported by a 55% decrease in MUC5AC density and a 29% increase in nanoparticles internalization compared to non-exposed cells. In assessing immunomodulatory effects, NBL treatment in SARS-CoV-2-infected lung cells leads to a 40-fold increase in anti-inflammatory MUC1 gene expression, a proportional reduction in pro-inflammatory IL-6 expression, and elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression. These findings suggest a potential mechanism to regulate the excessive IL-6 expression triggered by virus infection. Therefore, the NBL platform demonstrates promising potential for efficient pulmonary drug delivery and immunomodulation, offering a novel approach to addressing mucus permeation and inflammation in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Araújo Martins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Guerra-Gomes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Plataform, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-030, Brazil
| | - Tamara Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Imumunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-900, Brazil.
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Elawadi GG, Elsebaei F, Fathy ME, Metwally MES. Two green and sensitive spectrofluorimetric approaches for determination of Ambroxol and guaifenesin in their single and combined pharmaceutical formulations. LUMINESCENCE 2024; 39:e4711. [PMID: 38501299 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Ambroxol hydrochloride (AMX) and guaifenesin (GFN) are approved drugs utilized to treat coughs through their potent mucolytic and expectorant properties. Due to their massive, combined administration in many illnesses, there is a persistent need for their concurrent estimation in different pharmaceutical formulations. Two sensitive, environmentally friendly spectrofluorimetric methods were developed. AMX was determined using the first method (I) without interference from GFN. This method depends on the quenching of Erythrosine B (EB) native fluorescence at 552 nm after excitation at 527 nm due to the formation of a non-fluorescent AMX-EB ion-pair complex in Britton-Robinson buffer (BRB) solution pH (3.5). The concentration plot is linear over the 0.25-5.0 μg/mL range, with a mean percent found value of 99.74%. Method (II) depends on measuring the native fluorescence of aqueous GFN solution at two analytical wavelengths, either 300 or 600 nm, after excitation at 274 nm. Relative fluorescence intensity (RFI)-concentration plots are linear over the ranges of 0.02-0.5 and 0.1-2.0 μg/ml, with mean percent found at 99.96% and 99.91% at dual wavelengths, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to assay both drugs in raw materials and different single and combined pharmaceutical formulations. These methods have been thoroughly validated following International Committee on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. National Environmental Methods Index, Analytical Eco-Scale, and Green Analytical Procedure Index were used to prove greenness, thereby enhancing their applicability. The proposed techniques provide straightforward, precise, and cost-effective solutions for routine formulation analysis in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghidaa G Elawadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Fawzi Elsebaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona E Fathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed E-S Metwally
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Memon TA, Sun L, Almestica-Roberts M, Deering-Rice CE, Moos PJ, Reilly CA. Inhibition of TRPA1, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Human Airway Epithelial Cell Damage, and Ectopic MUC5AC Expression by Vasaka ( Adhatoda vasica; Malabar Nut) Tea. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:890. [PMID: 37375837 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested whether a medicinal plant, Vasaka, typically consumed as a tea to treat respiratory malaise, could protect airway epithelial cells (AECs) from wood smoke particle-induced damage and prevent pathological mucus production. Wood/biomass smoke is a pneumotoxic air pollutant. Mucus normally protects the airways, but excessive production can obstruct airflow and cause respiratory distress. Vasaka tea pre- and co-treatment dose-dependently inhibited mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA induction by AECs treated with wood smoke particles. This correlated with transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) inhibition, an attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and AEC damage/death. Induction of mRNA for anterior gradient 2, an ER chaperone/disulfide isomerase required for MUC5AC production, and TRP vanilloid-3, a gene that suppresses ER stress and wood smoke particle-induced cell death, was also attenuated. Variable inhibition of TRPA1, ER stress, and MUC5AC mRNA induction was observed using selected chemicals identified in Vasaka tea including vasicine, vasicinone, apigenin, vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin, 9-oxoODE, and 9,10-EpOME. Apigenin and 9,10-EpOME were the most cytoprotective and mucosuppressive. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA was also induced by Vasaka tea and wood smoke particles. Inhibition of CYP1A1 enhanced ER stress and MUC5AC mRNA expression, suggesting a possible role in producing protective oxylipins in stressed cells. The results provide mechanistic insights and support for the purported benefits of Vasaka tea in treating lung inflammatory conditions, raising the possibility of further development as a preventative and/or restorative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosifa A Memon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marysol Almestica-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Mortensen JS, Bohr SSR, Harloff-Helleberg S, Hatzakis NS, Saaby L, Nielsen HM. Physical and barrier changes in gastrointestinal mucus induced by the permeation enhancer sodium 8-[(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]octanoate (SNAC). J Control Release 2022; 352:163-178. [PMID: 36314534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) for oral delivery of peptide drugs contain excipients that facilitate and enhance absorption. However, little knowledge exists on how DDS excipients such as permeation enhancers interact with the gastrointestinal mucus barrier. This study aimed to investigate interactions of the permeation enhancer sodium 8-[(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]octanoate (SNAC) with ex vivo porcine intestinal mucus (PIM), ex vivo porcine gastric mucus (PGM), as well as with in vitro biosimilar mucus (BM) by profiling their physical and barrier properties upon exposure to SNAC. Bulk mucus permeability studies using the peptides cyclosporine A and vancomycin, ovalbumin as a model protein, as well as fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextrans (FDs) of different molecular weights and different surface charges were conducted in parallel to mucus retention force studies using a texture analyzer, rheological studies, cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and single particle tracking of fluorescence-labelled nanoparticles to investigate the effects of the SNAC-mucus interaction. The exposure of SNAC to PIM increased the mucus retention force, storage modulus, viscosity, increased nanoparticle confinement within PIM as well as decreased the permeation of cyclosporine A and ovalbumin through PIM. Surprisingly, the viscosity of PGM and the permeation of cyclosporine A and ovalbumin through PGM was unaffected by the presence of SNAC, thus the effect of SNAC depended on the regional site that mucus was collected from. In the absence of SNAC, the permeation of different molecular weight and differently charged FDs through PIM was comparable to that through BM. However, while bulk permeation of neither of the FDs through PIM was affected by SNAC, the presence of SNAC decreased the permeation of FD4 and increased the permeation of FD150 kDa through BM. Additionally, and in contrast to observations in PIM, nanoparticle confinement within BM remained unaffected by the presence of SNAC. In conclusion, the present study showed that SNAC altered the physical and barrier properties of PIM, but not of PGM. The effects of SNAC in PIM were not observed in the BM in vitro model. Altogether, the study highlights the need for further understanding how permeation enhancers influence the mucus barrier and illustrates that the selected mucus model for such studies should be chosen with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Mortensen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S S-R Bohr
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Bülowsvej 17, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - S Harloff-Helleberg
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Bülowsvej 17, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Saaby
- CNS Drug Delivery and Barrier Modelling, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Bioneer A/S, Kogle Alle 2, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - H M Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Csekő K, Hargitai D, Draskóczi L, Kéri A, Jaikumpun P, Kerémi B, Helyes Z, Zsembery Á. Safety of chronic hypertonic bicarbonate inhalation in a cigarette smoke-induced airway irritation guinea pig model. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:131. [PMID: 35392868 PMCID: PMC8991956 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often associated with airway fluid acidification. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene leads to impaired bicarbonate secretion contributing to CF airway pathology. Chronic cigarette smoke (CS) -the major cause of COPD- is reported to induce acquired CFTR dysfunction underlying airway acidification and inflammation. We hypothesize that bicarbonate-containing aerosols could be beneficial for patients with CFTR dysfunctions. Thus, we investigated the safety of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) inhalation in CS-exposed guinea pigs. METHODS Animals were divided into groups inhaling hypertonic NaCl (8.4%) or hypertonic NaHCO3 (8.4%) aerosol for 8 weeks. Subgroups from each treatment groups were further exposed to CS. Respiratory functions were measured at 0 and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. After 8 weeks blood tests and pulmonary histopathological assessment were performed. RESULTS Neither smoking nor NaHCO3-inhalation affected body weight, arterial and urine pH, or histopathology significantly. NaHCO3-inhalation did not worsen respiratory parameters. Moreover, it normalized the CS-induced transient alterations in frequency, peak inspiratory flow, inspiratory and expiratory times. CONCLUSION Long-term NaHCO3-inhalation is safe in chronic CS-exposed guinea pigs. Our data suggest that bicarbonate-containing aerosols might be carefully applied to CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Csekő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Dóra Hargitai
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - Lilla Draskóczi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Kéri
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
- Heim Pál Children Hospital, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Pongsiri Jaikumpun
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Beáta Kerémi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd, Pécs, 7629, Hungary
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
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Kubczak M, Michlewska S, Bryszewska M, Aigner A, Ionov M. Nanoparticles for local delivery of siRNA in lung therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114038. [PMID: 34742826 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the application of natural and synthetic, non-viral vectors for oligonucleotide delivery into the lung is presented in this review, with a special focus on lung cancer. Due to the specificity of the respiratory tract, its structure and natural barriers, the administration of drugs (especially those based on nucleic acids) is a particular challenge. Among widely tested non-viral drug and oligonucleotides carriers, synthetic polymers seem to be most promising. Unique properties of these nanoparticles allow for essentially unlimited possibilities regarding their design and modification. This gives hope that optimal nanoparticles with ideal nucleic acid carrier properties for lung cancer therapy will eventually emanate.
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Radiom M, Hénault R, Mani S, Iankovski AG, Norel X, Berret JF. Magnetic wire active microrheology of human respiratory mucus. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7585-7595. [PMID: 34341819 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00512j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic gel secreted by the pulmonary epithelium in the tracheobronchial region of the lungs. The coordinated beating of cilia moves mucus upwards towards the pharynx, removing inhaled pathogens and particles from the airways. The efficacy of this clearance mechanism depends primarily on the rheological properties of mucus. Here we use magnetic wire based microrheology to study the viscoelastic properties of human mucus collected from human bronchus tubes. The response of wires between 5 and 80 μm in length to a rotating magnetic field is monitored by optical time-lapse microscopy and analyzed using constitutive equations of rheology, including those of Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt. The static shear viscosity and elastic modulus can be inferred from low frequency (3 × 10-3-30 rad s-1) measurements, leading to the evaluation of the mucin network relaxation time. This relaxation time is found to be widely distributed, from one to several hundred seconds. Mucus is identified as a viscoelastic liquid with an elastic modulus of 2.5 ± 0.5 Pa and a static viscosity of 100 ± 40 Pa s. Our work shows that beyond the established spatial variations in rheological properties due to microcavities, mucus exhibits secondary inhomogeneities associated with the relaxation time of the mucin network that may be important for its flow properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Radiom
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Matière et Systèmes Complexes, 75013 Paris, France.
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Frohman EM, Villemarette-Pittman NR, Rodriguez A, Glanzman R, Rugheimer S, Komogortsev O, Zamvil SS, Cruz RA, Varkey TC, Frohman AN, Frohman AR, Parsons MS, Konkle EH, Frohman TC. Application of an evidence-based, out-patient treatment strategy for COVID-19: Multidisciplinary medical practice principles to prevent severe disease. J Neurol Sci 2021; 426:117463. [PMID: 33971376 PMCID: PMC8055502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated individuals, families, and institutions throughout the world. Despite the breakneck speed of vaccine development, the human population remains at risk of further devastation. The decision to not become vaccinated, the protracted rollout of available vaccine, vaccine failure, mutational forms of the SARS virus, which may exhibit mounting resistance to our molecular strike at only one form of the viral family, and the rapid ability of the virus(es) to hitch a ride on our global transportation systems, means that we are will likely continue to confront an invisible, yet devastating foe. The enemy targets one of our human physiology's most important and vulnerable life-preserving body tissues, our broncho-alveolar gas exchange apparatus. Notwithstanding the fear and the fury of this microbe's potential to raise existential questions across the entire spectrum of human endeavor, the application of an early treatment intervention initiative may represent a crucial tool in our defensive strategy. This strategy is driven by evidence-based medical practice principles, those not likely to become antiquated, given the molecular diversity and mutational evolution of this very clever "world traveler".
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot M Frohman
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | | | - Adriana Rodriguez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cook Children's Medical Center, Ft. Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Robert Glanzman
- Clene Nanomedicine, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84121, United States of America.
| | - Sarah Rugheimer
- Department of Physics, University Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Oleg Komogortsev
- Department of Computer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States of America.
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Roberto Alejandro Cruz
- Department of Neurology, Doctor's Health at Renaissance Health Neurology Institute, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Thomas C Varkey
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, United States of America.
| | | | | | - Matthew S Parsons
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | | | - Teresa C Frohman
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States of America.
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Sears PR, Bustamante-Marin XM, Gong H, Markovetz MR, Superfine R, Hill DB, Ostrowski LE. Induction of ciliary orientation by matrix patterning and characterization of mucociliary transport. Biophys J 2021; 120:1387-1395. [PMID: 33705757 PMCID: PMC8105732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a key feature of many airway diseases, including asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. To improve MCC and develop new treatments for these diseases requires a thorough understanding of how mucus concentration, mucus composition, and ciliary activity affect MCC, and how different therapeutics impact this process. Although differentiated cultures of human airway epithelial cells are useful for investigations of MCC, the extent of ciliary coordination in these cultures varies, and the mechanisms controlling ciliary orientation are not completely understood. By introducing a pattern of ridges and grooves into the underlying collagen substrate, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that changes in the extracellular matrix can induce ciliary alignment. Remarkably, 90% of human airway epithelial cultures achieved continuous directional mucociliary transport (MCT) when grown on the patterned substrate. These cultures maintain transport for months, allowing carefully controlled investigations of MCC over a wide range of normal and pathological conditions. To characterize the system, we measured the transport of bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM) under several conditions. Transport of 5% BSM was significantly reduced compared with that of 2% BSM, and treatment of 5% BSM with the reducing agent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) reduced viscosity and increased the rate of MCT by approximately twofold. Addition of a small amount of high-molecular-weight DNA increased mucus viscosity and reduced MCT by ∼75%, demonstrating that the composition of mucus, as well as the concentration, can have significant effects on MCT. Our results demonstrate that a simple patterning of the collagen substrate results in highly coordinated ciliated cultures that develop directional MCT, and can be used to investigate the mechanisms controlling the regulation of ciliary orientation. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that this method provides an improved system for studying the effects of mucus composition and therapeutic agents on MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Sears
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Henry Gong
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew R Markovetz
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Xiang J, Liu X, Zhong S, Fang Z, Shen S, Tang J, Lai S, Lai K. Fructus mume Protects Against Cigarette Smoke Induced Chronic Cough Guinea Pig. J Med Food 2020; 23:191-197. [PMID: 32017647 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructus mume was recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and traditional Chinese medical books for chronic cough, but the effect and related constituents are still unknown. Thus, we investigated the protect effects and the relevant constituents of F. mume in a guinea pig model with chronic cough induced by cigarette smoke (CS). The organic acids and polysaccharides in F. mume were detected by high performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The guinea pigs were orally administrated with vehicle or the water extract of Fructus mume (FW) during the 14 days of CS exposure. Citric acid induced coughs were automatically measured by Buxco system. The differential cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathological changes in lung tissue were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in lung tissue were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mucus productions in tracheas were determined with Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff staining. The results suggested relatively high concentration of citric acid, chlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid in F. mume, and high proportion of galactose and glucose and lower molecular weight of polysaccharides. Administration of FW significantly reduced the cough frequency, decreased inflammatory cells in BALF and lung tissue, and attenuated the thickening of airway epithelium and submucosa compared with CS-exposure group. Moreover, the overproduction of TNF-α and IL-8 in lung tissues, and mucus in central airways of CS-induced guinea pigs was markedly inhibited by FW. The extract could also protect against CS exposure-induced chronic cough in guinea pigs by reducing coughs, airways inflammation, and mucus overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangfu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuirong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaman Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Albano GD, Bonanno A, Giacomazza D, Cavalieri L, Sammarco M, Ingrassia E, Gagliardo R, Riccobono L, Moscato M, Anzalone G, Montalbano AM, Profita M. A 3D " In Vitro" Model to Study Hyaluronan Effect in Nasal Epithelial Cell Line Exposed to Double-Stranded RNA Poly(I:C). Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:272-281. [PMID: 31791117 PMCID: PMC7216748 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental agents, including viral and bacterial infectious agents, are involved in the alteration of physicochemical and biological parameters in the nasal epithelium. Hyaluronan (HA) has an important role in the regulation of tissue healing properties. High molecular weight HA (HMW-HA) shows greater anti-inflammatory responses than medium molecular weight HA (MMW-HA) and low molecular weight HA (LMW-HA). We investigated the effect of HMW-HA, MMW-HA and LMW-HA on the regulation of physicochemical and biological parameters in an “in vitro” model that might mimic viral infections of the nasal epithelium. Human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI2650 was stimulated with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) Poly(I:C) for 5 days in air-liquid-interface (ALI) culture (3D model of airway tissue). dsRNA Poly(I:C) treatment significantly decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in the stratified nasal epithelium of RPMI2650 and increased pH values, rheological parameters (elastic G’ and viscous G’’), and Muc5AC and Muc5B production in the apical wash of ALI culture of RPMI2650 in comparison to untreated cells. RPMI2650 treated with dsRNA Poly(I:C) in the presence of HMW-HA showed lower pH values, Muc5AC and Muc5B production, and rheological parameters, as well as increased TEER values in ALI culture, compared to cells treated with Poly(I:C) alone or pretreated with LMW-HA and MMW-HA. Our 3D “in vitro” model of epithelium suggests that HMW-HA might be a coadjuvant in the pharmacological treatment of viral infections, allowing for the control of some physicochemical and biological properties affecting the epithelial barrier of the nose during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Monica Moscato
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo 90146, Italy
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12
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Lo Bello F, Ieni A, Hansbro PM, Ruggeri P, Di Stefano A, Nucera F, Coppolino I, Monaco F, Tuccari G, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of the mucins in pathogenesis of COPD: implications for therapy. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:465-483. [PMID: 32133884 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1739525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence accumulated in the last decade has started to reveal the enormous complexity in the expression, interactions and functions of the large number of different mucins present in the different compartments of the human lower airways. This occurs both in normal subjects and in COPD patients in different clinical phases and stages of severity.Areas covered: We review the known physiological mechanisms that regulate mucin production in human lower airways of normal subjects, the changes in mucin synthesis/secretion in COPD patients and the clinical efficacy of drugs that modulate mucin synthesis/secretion.Expert opinion: It is evident that the old simplistic concept that mucus hypersecretion in COPD patients is associated with negative clinical outcomes is not valid and that the therapeutic potential of 'mucolytic drugs' is under-appreciated due to the complexity of the associated molecular network(s). Likewise, our current knowledge of the effects of the drugs already available on the market that target mucin synthesis/secretion/structure in the lower airways is extremely limited and often indirect and more well-controlled clinical trials are needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lo Bello
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale di Chirurgia Toracica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), AOU Policlinico "G.martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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13
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Ohar JA, Donohue JF, Spangenthal S. The Role of Guaifenesin in the Management of Chronic Mucus Hypersecretion Associated with Stable Chronic Bronchitis: A Comprehensive Review. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2019; 6:341-349. [PMID: 31647856 PMCID: PMC7006698 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.6.4.2019.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death and disease burden worldwide. It includes a spectrum of diseases including chronic bronchitis which is characterized by overproduction, hypersecretion and decreased elimination of mucus. Chronic bronchitis has numerous clinical consequences, including predisposition to lower respiratory tract infections, accelerated decline in lung function, increased exacerbation rate and decreased health-related quality of life. Although the inflammatory mechanisms responsible for mucus cell metaplasia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and stable chronic bronchitis are poorly understood, the main goals of therapy are to decrease mucus hypersecretion by controlling inflammation and to increase mucus clearance. Non-pharmacological measures include smoking cessation and chest physiotherapy. Pharmacological interventions include expectorants and mucolytics together with long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists, anticholinergics, glucocorticoids, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, antioxidants, and antibiotics. Guaifenesin is an expectorant that is thought to increase hydration and decrease viscosity of mucus leading to improved clearance of accumulated secretions from the upper and lower airway. Although guaifenesin has a Food and Drug Administration Over-the-Counter (OFC) Monograph indication to "help loosen phlegm (mucus) and thin bronchial secretions in patients with stable chronic bronchitis," there is limited published evidence of either mechanism of action or clinical efficacy in this disease state. Here we review the pathophysiology and consequences of chronic mucus hypersecretion and examine the evidence for the use of guaifenesin in patients with stable chronic bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Ohar
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunological Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - James F Donohue
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Selwyn Spangenthal
- Internal Medicine & Pulmonology, Charlotte Lung & Health Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
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14
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Tripathi S, Nikhare A, Sharma G, Shea T, Albrecht H. Safety And Tolerability Of Extended-Release Guaifenesin In Patients With Cough, Thickened Mucus And Chest Congestion Associated With Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 2019; 11:87-94. [PMID: 31632154 PMCID: PMC6791405 DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s222109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An extended-release (ER) formulation of the expectorant guaifenesin has recently been launched in India for the treatment of productive cough accompanied by mucus (phlegm). Although the safety profile of ER guaifenesin marketed in the USA is well documented, there were limited safety data available in the Indian population. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the safety profile of ER guaifenesin in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, post-marketing surveillance study enrolled 552 adults with cough, thickened mucus and chest congestion due to URTI, who took ER guaifenesin 1200 mg (Mucinex®, Reckitt Benckiser; two 600 mg tablets) every 12 hrs for 7 days. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and questionnaires administered to patients and investigators. RESULTS A total of 29 treatment-emergent AEs were recorded in 28/552 patients, including gastrointestinal (n = 11), nervous system (n = 8), psychiatric (n = 3), respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal (n = 2), skin and subcutaneous tissue (n = 2), and general disorders (n = 3). All AEs were mild in severity and no serious AEs or deaths occurred. The majority of both patients and investigators were either satisfied or very satisfied with improvements in treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION This study found that ER guaifenesin was well tolerated and had a favorable safety profile in otherwise healthy patients suffering from symptoms of cough, thickened mucus and chest congestion associated with URTI. Registered trial NCT03725085 (ClinicalTrials.gov) and CTRI/2014/07/004730 (ctri.nic.in).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Tripathi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sheth LG General Hospital & AMC MET Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ashish Nikhare
- Department of Pulmonology, Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Nagpur, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Regional Medical Affairs (South of Asia), Reckitt Benckiser, Haryana, India
| | - Tim Shea
- Global Medical - Respiratory, Reckitt Benckiser, Parsippany, NJ, USA
| | - Helmut Albrecht
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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15
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Abstract
Mucus selectively controls the transport of molecules, particulate matter, and microorganisms to the underlying epithelial layer. It may be desirable to weaken the mucus barrier to enable effective delivery of drug carriers. Alternatively, the mucus barrier can be strengthened to prevent epithelial interaction with pathogenic microbes or other exogenous materials. The dynamic mucus layer can undergo changes in structure (e.g., pore size) and/or composition (e.g., protein concentrations, mucin glycosylation) in response to stimuli that occur naturally or are purposely administered, thus altering its barrier function. This review outlines mechanisms by which mucus provides a selective barrier and methods to engineer the mucus layer from the perspective of strengthening or weakening its barrier properties. In addition, we discuss strategic design of drug carriers and dosing formulation properties for efficient delivery across the mucus barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Carlson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - J Y Lock
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - R L Carrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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16
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Oral guaifenesin for treatment of filamentary keratitis: A pilot study. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:565-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Ahonen MJR, Hill DB, Schoenfisch MH. Nitric oxide-releasing alginates as mucolytic agents. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3409-3418. [PMID: 32309634 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The excessive production of thick, viscous mucus in severe respiratory diseases leads to obstruction of the airways and provides a suitable environment for the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. The effect of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing alginates with varying NO release kinetics on the viscoelastic properties of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) mucus was evaluated as a function of the NO-release kinetics using parallel plate rheology. Low molecular weight (~5 kDa) alginates with high NO flux (~4000 ppb/mg) and sustained release (half-life ~0.3 h) proved to be most effective in reducing both mucus elasticity and viscosity (≥60% reduction for both). The efficacy of the NO-releasing alginates was shown to be dose-dependent, with high concentrations of NO-releasing alginates (~80 mg•mL-1) resulting in greater reduction of the viscosity and elasticity of the mucus samples. Greater reduction in mucus rheology was also achieved with NO-releasing alginates at lower concentrations when compared to both NO-releasing chitosan, a similarly biocompatible cationic polymer, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a conventional mucolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Jasmine R Ahonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, United States
| | - Mark H Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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18
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Fischer AJ, Pino-Argumedo MI, Hilkin BM, Shanrock CR, Gansemer ND, Chaly AL, Zarei K, Allen PD, Ostedgaard LS, Hoffman EA, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ, Abou Alaiwa MH. Mucus strands from submucosal glands initiate mucociliary transport of large particles. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124863. [PMID: 30626743 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus produced by submucosal glands is a key component of respiratory mucociliary transport (MCT). When it emerges from submucosal gland ducts, mucus forms long strands on the airway surface. However, the function of those strands is uncertain. To test the hypothesis that mucus strands facilitate transport of large particles, we studied newborn pigs. In ex vivo experiments, interconnected mucus strands moved over the airway surface, attached to immobile spheres, and initiated their movement by pulling them. Stimulating submucosal gland secretion with methacholine increased the percentage of spheres that moved and shortened the delay until mucus strands began moving spheres. To disrupt mucus strands, we applied reducing agents tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine and dithiothreitol. They decreased the fraction of moving spheres and delayed initiation of movement for spheres that did move. We obtained similar in vivo results with CT-based tracking of microdisks in spontaneously breathing pigs. Methacholine increased the percentage of microdisks moving and reduced the delay until they were propelled up airways. Aerosolized tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine prevented those effects. Once particles started moving, reducing agents did not alter their speed either ex vivo or in vivo. These findings indicate that submucosal glands produce mucus in the form of strands and that the strands initiate movement of large particles, facilitating their removal from airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keyan Zarei
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute.,Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | | | | | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Department of Radiology, and
| | - David A Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute.,Department of Biomedical Engineering.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa USA
| | - Mahmoud H Abou Alaiwa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute.,Department of Biomedical Engineering
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19
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Muc5b overexpression causes mucociliary dysfunction and enhances lung fibrosis in mice. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5363. [PMID: 30560893 PMCID: PMC6299094 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The gain-of-function MUC5B promoter variant rs35705950 is the dominant risk factor for developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here we show in humans that MUC5B, a mucin thought to be restricted to conducting airways, is co-expressed with surfactant protein C (SFTPC) in type 2 alveolar epithelia and in epithelial cells lining honeycomb cysts, indicating that cell types involved in lung fibrosis in distal airspace express MUC5B. In mice, we demonstrate that Muc5b concentration in bronchoalveolar epithelia is related to impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) and to the extent and persistence of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We also establish the ability of the mucolytic agent P-2119 to restore MCC and to suppress bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in the setting of Muc5b overexpression. Our findings suggest that mucociliary dysfunction might play a causative role in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice overexpressing Muc5b, and that MUC5B in distal airspaces is a potential therapeutic target in humans with IPF.
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20
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Hill DB, Long RF, Kissner WJ, Atieh E, Garbarine IC, Markovetz MR, Fontana NC, Christy M, Habibpour M, Tarran R, Forest MG, Boucher RC, Button B. Pathological mucus and impaired mucus clearance in cystic fibrosis patients result from increased concentration, not altered pH. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01297-2018. [PMID: 30361244 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01297-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive genetic disease that is characterised by airway mucus plugging and reduced mucus clearance. There are currently alternative hypotheses that attempt to describe the abnormally viscous and elastic mucus that is a hallmark of CF airways disease, including: 1) loss of CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR)-dependent airway surface volume (water) secretion, producing mucus hyperconcentration-dependent increased viscosity, and 2) impaired bicarbonate secretion by CFTR, producing acidification of airway surfaces and increased mucus viscosity.A series of experiments was conducted to determine the contributions of mucus concentration versus pH to the rheological properties of airway mucus across length scales from the nanoscopic to macroscopic.For length scales greater than the nanoscopic, i.e. those relevant to mucociliary clearance, the effect of mucus concentration dominated over the effect of airway acidification.Mucus hydration and chemical reduction of disulfide bonds that connect mucin monomers are more promising therapeutic approaches than alkalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Hill
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert F Long
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William J Kissner
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eyad Atieh
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ian C Garbarine
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R Markovetz
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas C Fontana
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Christy
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mehdi Habibpour
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Dept of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Gregory Forest
- Dept of Mathematics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Dept of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Dept of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Dept of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Dept of Biophysics and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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21
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Piqué N, De Servi B. Rhinosectan ® spray (containing xyloglucan) on the ciliary function of the nasal respiratory epithelium; results of an in vitro study. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14:41. [PMID: 30337943 PMCID: PMC6174573 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the effects of Rhinosectan® spray, a medical device containing xyloglucan, on nasal ciliary function (in MucilAir™Nasal cells). Methods MucilAir™Nasal, a three-dimensional organotypic airway tissue model (with different cell types), was treated with Rhinosectan® (30 µl) or with a control (saline solution). The effects of Rhinosectan® were evaluated at 15 and 60 min post-exposure by: measurement of the cilia beating frequency (Hz), mucin detection (Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay—ELLA), mucociliary clearance (µm/s) and phagocytosis assay (fluorescence). Results Exposure of MucilAir™ to Rhinosectan® did not alter the cilia beating frequency at 15 and 60 min post-exposure (diluted and undiluted). Exposure to Rhinosectan® (undiluted) during 60 min increased mucociliary clearance (93.3 ± 2.1 µm/s vs. 80.9 ± 1.8 µm/s; p < 0.01) and phagocytic activity (1.89-fold increase) in comparison with saline solution. Moreover, a significant decrease in mucin concentration was observed after 15 min of exposure (171.4 ng/ml vs. 306.5 ng/ml; p < 0.01) and at 60 min post-treatment (242.7 ng/ml vs. 339 ng/ml; p < 0.05). Conclusions The application of Rhinosectan® to nasal epithelial cells does not impair ciliary movement, enhances mucociliary clearance and facilitates phagocytosis while reducing mucin secretion, which are optimal properties for the management of rhinitis and associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Piqué
- 1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal Sud, Facultat de Farmàcia, Edifici A, Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,2Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària de la UB (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Albrecht HH, Dicpinigaitis PV, Guenin EP. Role of guaifenesin in the management of chronic bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infections. Multidiscip Respir Med 2017; 12:31. [PMID: 29238574 PMCID: PMC5724298 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-017-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Guaifenesin, a mucoactive drug, acts by loosening mucus in the airways and making coughs more productive. It is used for relief of wet cough and chest congestion due to the common cold, and remains the only legally marketed expectorant in the US (per OTC Monograph). An ingredient in numerous over-the-counter (OTC) cough/cold medications, guaifenesin has a secondary indication for use in stable chronic bronchitis (professional indication). Clinical pharmacology and patient studies support the clinical utility of guaifenesin in respiratory conditions where mucus hypersecretion is prevalent: acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), stable chronic bronchitis, and possibly rhinosinusitis. Guaifenesin has a well-established and favorable safety and tolerability profile in adult and pediatric populations. Its dosing range (200–400 mg 4-hourly, up to 6× daily) allows flexible dose titration to allow an increase of plasma concentrations. Multiple daily doses are needed to maintain 24-h therapeutic effect with immediate-release formulations. Extended-release guaifenesin tablet formulations are available, providing convenience with 12-hourly dosing and portability compared to liquids. Guaifenesin is considered as a safe and effective expectorant for the treatment of mucus-related symptoms in acute URTIs and stable chronic bronchitis. Its clinical efficacy has been demonstrated most widely in chronic respiratory conditions, where excess mucus production and cough are more stable symptoms. Progress is being made to establish clinical models and measures that are more appropriate for studying symptomatic relief with guaifenesin in acute respiratory infections. This will help generate the up-to-date and high-quality data needed to optimize guaifenesin’s effectiveness in established uses, and in new respiratory indications associated with mucus hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut H Albrecht
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th St., GL 495, Miami, FL 33199 USA
| | - Peter V Dicpinigaitis
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1825 Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Eric P Guenin
- Reckitt Benckiser, LLC, 399 Interpace Parkway, Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA
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23
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Youngren-Ortiz SR, Hill DB, Hoffmann PR, Morris KR, Barrett EG, Forest MG, Chougule MB. Development of Optimized, Inhalable, Gemcitabine-Loaded Gelatin Nanocarriers for Lung Cancer. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2017; 30:299-321. [PMID: 28277892 PMCID: PMC5650720 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerosol delivery of chemotherapeutic nanocarriers represents a promising alternative for lung cancer therapy. This study optimized gemcitabine (Gem)-loaded gelatin nanocarriers (GNCs) cross-linked with genipin (Gem-GNCs) to evaluate their potential for nebulized lung cancer treatment. METHODS Gem-GNCs were prepared by two-step desolvation and optimized through Taguchi design and characterized for physicochemical properties. Particle size and morphology were confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In vitro release of Gem from Gem-GNCs performed in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline and simulated lung fluid was evaluated to determine release mechanisms. Particle size stability was assessed under varying pH. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were used to determine the presence and stability of Gem-GNC components and amorphization of Gem, respectively. Gem-GNC efficacy within A549 and H460 cells was evaluated using MTT assays. Mucus rheology upon treatment with Gem-GNCs, lactose, and normal saline control was measured. Andersen cascade impaction identified the aerodynamic particle size distribution of the nebulized formulation. RESULTS Gem-GNCs had particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and loading efficiency of 178 ± 7.1 nm, -18.9 mV, 92.5%, and 9.1%, respectively. The Gem and formulation excipients where molecularly dispersed and configured amorphously. Gem-GNCs were stable at pH 5.4-7.4 for 72 hours. Gem release from Gem-GNCs was governed by non-Fickian controlled release due to diffusion/erosion from a matrix-based nanocarrier. Gem-GNCs elicited a 40% reduction of the complex viscosity η*(1 Hz) of human bronchial epithelial cell mucus containing 3 wt% solids to mimic mild airway disease. The nebulized Gem-GNCs had a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 2.0 ± 0.16 μm, geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 2.7 ± 0.16, and fine particle fraction (FPF) of 75.2% ± 2.4%. The Gem-GNC formulation did not outperform the Gem solution in A549 cells. However, in H460, Gem-GNCs outperformed the Gem IC50 reduction by ∼5-fold at 48 and 10-fold 72 hours. CONCLUSION Stable, effective, and sustained-release Gem-GNCs were developed. The nebulized Gem-GNCs had satisfactory MMAD, GSD, and FPF and the formulation reduced the dynamic complex viscosity of mucus consistent with increased mobility of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne R. Youngren-Ortiz
- Translational Drug Delivery Research (TransDDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawai'i
| | - David B. Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Marsico Lung Institute/CF Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Peter R. Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - Kenneth R. Morris
- Translational Drug Delivery Research (TransDDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawai'i
- The Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Analysis, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University–Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Edward G. Barrett
- Respiratory and Asthma Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - M. Gregory Forest
- Carolina Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mahavir B. Chougule
- Translational Drug Delivery Research (TransDDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawai'i
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
- Translational Drug and Gene Delivery Research (TransDGDR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
- Natural Products and Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i
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[More than expectorant: new scientific data on ambroxol in the context of the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases]. MMW Fortschr Med 2017. [PMID: 28643291 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-017-9805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambroxol has been established for decades in the treatment of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. In 2015, the European Medicines Agency reassessed the clinical benefit-risk ratio of the drug. OBJECTIVE What new scientific data on ambroxol, which are relevant to the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases, are available? METHOD The review is based on a systematic literature research in medline with the search term "ambroxol" during the publication period 2006-2015. Non-relevant publications were excluded manually. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Ambroxol is still intensively researched. The traditional indication as an expectorant is confirmed. But there is also an ever better understanding of the various mechanisms of action as well as the ever more exact modeling of the structures under investigation. New fields of application are conceivable, e. g. in patients with severe pulmonary disease who undergo surgery or who are in intensive care, as an adjuvant in anti-infective therapies, especially in infections with biofilm-producing pathogens, or in rare diseases such as lysosomal storage diseases. However, final evidence of the clinical relevance in these fields of application is still missing.
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25
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Reighard KP, Ehre C, Rushton ZL, Ahonen MJR, Hill DB, Schoenfisch MH. Role of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Mucus Viscoelasticity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1017-1026. [PMID: 30320206 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides were modified with ester functional groups to examine how the mucoadhesive nature of the scaffold impacts the ability of NO to degrade mucins from human bronchial epithelial cell cultures and clinical sputum samples collected from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Agarose gel electrophoresis experiments indicated that the mucoadhesive NO-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides degraded both the purified mucins and sputum, while control scaffolds (without NO release or mucoadhesive ligands) had no effect on mucin structure. Microscopic observations of sputum treated with the mucoadhesive NO-releasing chitosan oligosaccharide confirmed degradation of the mucin and DNA networks. Similarly, the viscosity and elasticity of sputum were reduced upon treatment with the mucoadhesive NO-releasing chitosan, demonstrating the potential utility of these NO-releasing scaffolds as mucolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn P Reighard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 131 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 206 MacNider Building, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United Sates
| | - Zachary L Rushton
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mona Jasmine R Ahonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 131 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 120 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mark H Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 131 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Pappová L, Kazimierová I, Jošková M, Šutovská M, Fraňová S. Acute and Chronic Effects of Oral Erdosteine on Ciliary Beat Frequency, Cough Sensitivity and Airway Reactivity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1023:1-10. [PMID: 28730380 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Erdosteine as a mucolytic agent that decreases mucus viscosity and facilitates mucus expulsion from the airways by cough or ciliary movement. Our objective was to determine whether erdosteine can directly contribute to mucus clearance. We addressed the issue by monitoring acute and chronic effects of erdosteine on ciliary beat frequency (CBF), cough sensitivity, and airway smooth muscle reactivity. The experiments were performed in healthy guinea pigs. Erdosteine (10 mg/kg) was administrated orally in a single dose or daily through 7 days. The cough reflex and specific airway resistance were evaluated in vivo. The CBF in tracheal brushed samples and the contractile response of tracheal smooth muscle stripes to bronchoconstrictive mediators were evaluated in vitro. We found that neither acute nor chronic erdosteine treatment had a significant effect on cough sensitivity and airway reactivity. However, in the vitro condition, erdosteine increased CBF and reduced tracheal smooth muscle contractility; the effects were more pronounced after chronic treatment. We conclude that erdosteine may directly contribute to mucus clearance by CBF stimulation. Although erdosteine has no effect on cough reflex sensitivity, its mild bronchodilator and mucolytic properties may promote effective cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pappová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Malá Hora Street, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Malá Hora Street, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - I Kazimierová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Malá Hora Street, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Malá Hora Street, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - M Jošková
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Malá Hora Street, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Malá Hora Street, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - M Šutovská
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Malá Hora Street, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia.,Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Malá Hora Street, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - S Fraňová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Malá Hora Street, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia. .,Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Malá Hora Street, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia.
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Vasquez PA, Jin Y, Palmer E, Hill D, Forest MG. Modeling and Simulation of Mucus Flow in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Cultures - Part I: Idealized Axisymmetric Swirling Flow. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004872. [PMID: 27494700 PMCID: PMC4975472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-mode nonlinear constitutive model for mucus is constructed directly from micro- and macro-rheology experimental data on cell culture mucus, and a numerical algorithm is developed for the culture geometry and idealized cilia driving conditions. This study investigates the roles that mucus rheology, wall effects, and HBE culture geometry play in the development of flow profiles and the shape of the air-mucus interface. Simulations show that viscoelasticity captures normal stress generation in shear leading to a peak in the air-mucus interface at the middle of the culture and a depression at the walls. Linear and nonlinear viscoelastic regimes can be observed in cultures by varying the hurricane radius and mean rotational velocity. The advection-diffusion of a drug concentration dropped at the surface of the mucus flow is simulated as a function of Peclet number. In the lungs, the airway surface liquid protects the airway epithelium from inhaled pathogens and particulates. It is well known that failure to properly clear mucus from the airways leads to chronic, even fatal, lung infections. To date, there is no validated constitutive model capable of recapitulating mucus rheology under diverse, physiological stress and deformation conditions. This gap has hindered studies into the causal relationship between mucus rheology and mucociliary clearance. Our modeling-experimental approach fulfills several purposes: to implement linear and nonlinear constitutive modeling of mucus from micro- and macro-rheology, to test constitutive modeling in an independent experimental system, to build a coarse-grained model of the PCL-mucus boundary condition, to measure and understand modifications in mucociliary transport during and after deposition of a controlled drug concentration, to measure and simulate both the flow and stress fields throughout the mucus layer, and to measure and simulate how the advection profiles in the culture couple with diffusion of particulates landing on the air-mucus interface. These results lay the groundwork for extension of the code to three dimensions and more realistic metachronal wave boundary conditions, both in cell cultures and in airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Vasquez
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yuan Jin
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erik Palmer
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - David Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute & Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - M. Gregory Forest
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Iskandar AR, Gonzalez-Suarez I, Majeed S, Marescotti D, Sewer A, Xiang Y, Leroy P, Guedj E, Mathis C, Schaller JP, Vanscheeuwijck P, Frentzel S, Martin F, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A framework for in vitro systems toxicology assessment of e-liquids. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:389-413. [PMID: 27117495 PMCID: PMC5309872 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1170251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), of which electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are the most recognized prototype, have been quickly gaining ground on conventional cigarettes because they are perceived as less harmful. Research assessing the potential effects of ENDS exposure in humans is currently limited and inconclusive. New products are emerging with numerous variations in designs and performance parameters within and across brands. Acknowledging these challenges, we present here a proposed framework for an in vitro systems toxicology assessment of e-liquids and their aerosols, intended to complement the battery of assays for standard toxicity assessments. The proposed framework utilizes high-throughput toxicity assessments of e-liquids and their aerosols, in which the device-to-device variability is minimized, and a systems-level investigation of the cellular mechanisms of toxicity is an integral part. An analytical chemistry investigation is also included as a part of the framework to provide accurate and reliable chemistry data solidifying the toxicological assessment. In its simplest form, the framework comprises of three main layers: (1) high-throughput toxicity screening of e-liquids using primary human cell culture systems; (2) toxicity-related mechanistic assessment of selected e-liquids, and (3) toxicity-related mechanistic assessment of their aerosols using organotypic air-liquid interface airway culture systems. A systems toxicology assessment approach is leveraged to enable in-depth analyses of the toxicity-related cellular mechanisms of e-liquids and their aerosols. We present example use cases to demonstrate the suitability of the framework for a robust in vitro assessment of e-liquids and their aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International R&D,
Neuchâtel,
Switzerland
| | | | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International R&D,
Neuchâtel,
Switzerland
| | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International R&D,
Neuchâtel,
Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International R&D,
Neuchâtel,
Switzerland
| | | | - Carole Mathis
- Philip Morris International R&D,
Neuchâtel,
Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D,
Neuchâtel,
Switzerland
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29
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Takeda K, Miyahara N, Matsubara S, Taube C, Kitamura K, Hirano A, Tanimoto M, Gelfand EW. Immunomodulatory Effects of Ambroxol on Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation. Immune Netw 2016; 16:165-75. [PMID: 27340385 PMCID: PMC4917400 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ambroxol is used in COPD and asthma to increase mucociliary clearance and regulate surfactant levels, perhaps through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. To determine the role and effect of ambroxol in an experimental model of asthma, BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed by 3 days of challenge. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung cell composition and histology, and cytokine and protein carbonyl levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were determined. Ambroxol was administered either before the first OVA challenge or was begun after the last allergen challenge. Cytokine production levels from lung mononuclear cells (Lung MNCs) or alveolar macrophages (AM) were also determined. Administration of ambroxol prior to challenge suppressed AHR, airway eosinophilia, goblet cell metaplasia, and reduced inflammation in subepithelial regions. When given after challenge, AHR was suppressed but without effects on eosinophil numbers. Levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in BAL fluid were decreased when the drug was given prior to challenge; when given after challenge, increased levels of IL-10 and IL-12 were detected. Decreased levels of protein carbonyls were detected in BAL fluid following ambroxol treatment after challenge. In vitro, ambroxol increased levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12 from Lung MNCs and AM, whereas IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production was not altered. Taken together, ambroxol was effective in preventing AHR and airway inflammation through upregulation of Th1 cytokines and protection from oxidative stress in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
| | - Shigeki Matsubara
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
| | - Christian Taube
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
| | - Kenichi Kitamura
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Astushi Hirano
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mitsune Tanimoto
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, U.S.A
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30
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Bennett WD, Kala A, Duckworth H, Zeman KL, Wu J, Henderson A, Yopp M, Rubin BK. Effect of a single 1200 Mg dose of Mucinex® on mucociliary and cough clearance during an acute respiratory tract infection. Respir Med 2015; 109:1476-83. [PMID: 26462765 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest that orally administered guaifenesin (GGE) may thin lower respiratory tract secretions but none have examined its effects on mucociliary and cough clearance (MCC/CC) during a respiratory tract infection (RTI). The current study was a randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in non-smoking adults who suffered from an acute upper RTI. METHODS We assessed the effects of a single dose of Mucinex(®) 1200 mg (2 × 600 mg extended release tablets) (ER GGE) on 1) MCC/CC by assessing the rate of removal from the lung of inhaled radioactive tracer particles (Tc99m-sulfur colloid), 2) sputum dynamic rheology by stress/strain creep transformation over the linear part of the curve, 3) sessile drop interfacial tension by the deNouy ring technique, and 4) subjective symptom measures. MCC was measured during the morning (period 1) and compared to that in the afternoon 4 h later (period 2) immediately following either drug (n = 19) or placebo (n = 19). For both period 1 and 2 subjects performed 60 voluntary coughs from 60 to 90 min after inhalation of radio-labeled aerosol for a measure of CC. Sputum properties were measured from subjects who expectorated sputum during the cough period post treatment (n = 8-12 for each cohort). RESULTS We found no effect of ER GGE on MCC or CC compared to placebo. MCC through 60 min for period 1 vs. 2 = 8.3 vs. 11.8% (placebo) and = 9.7 vs. 11.1% (drug) (NS) and CC for period 1 vs. 2 was 9.9 vs. 9.1% (placebo) and 10.8 vs. 5.6% (drug) (NS). There was no significant difference in sputum biophysical properties after administration of drug or placebo. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant effect of a single dose of ER GGE on MCC/CC or on sputum biophysical properties compared to placebo in this population of adult patients with an acute RTI. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01114581.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Bennett
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Dept of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - A Kala
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - H Duckworth
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - K L Zeman
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - J Wu
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - A Henderson
- Dept of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - M Yopp
- Children's Hospital of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - B K Rubin
- Children's Hospital of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
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Koizumi C, Yamada M, Ishizaki K, Ueda T, Sakurai K. Anti-infective control in human bronchiolar epithelial cells by mucin phenotypic changes following uptake of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:1449-58. [PMID: 26313520 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1087642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aspiration pneumonia is infection of the respiratory tract resulting from accumulation of sputum in the larynx. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) might regulate mucin (MUC) expression and activate inherent anti-infective system in bronchiolar epithelial cells after cellular uptake, and therefore, serve as the preventative agent for chronic lung disease including aspiration pneumonia. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of uptake of NAC by human bronchiolar epithelial cells on bacterial infection and regulations of mucin expression in association with cellular redox status under co-culture with a representative pathogen for hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human bronchiolar epithelial cells preincubated with or without 20 mM NAC for 3 h were co-cultured with or without bacteria for 8 h and evaluated with respect to cellular redox balance, expressions of various types of MUC, proinflammatory cytokines and mediators, and bacterial infection state by biochemical, genetic, and immunofluorescent assays. RESULTS Markedly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and oxidized glutathione levels plus increased release and expression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators were observed in cells co-cultured with bacteria. These bacteria-induced cellular redox disturbance and proinflammatory events were prevented and alleviated by pretreatment with NAC. Cells co-cultured with bacteria did not increase expression of anti-infective membranous MUC4 but exhibited increases in gel-forming MUC5AC expression and bacterial infection. However, NAC-pretreated cells avoided bacterial infection along with enhancement of MUC4, but not MUC5AC, expression. CONCLUSION Uptake of NAC by human bronchiolar epithelial cells prevented bacterial infection and upregulated membranous, but not gel-forming, MUC expression along with the increase in intracellular antioxidant level under co-culture conditions with S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- a Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology , Tokyo Dental College , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ken Ishizaki
- a Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology , Tokyo Dental College , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takayuki Ueda
- a Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology , Tokyo Dental College , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kaoru Sakurai
- a Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology , Tokyo Dental College , Tokyo , Japan
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Ermund A, Meiss LN, Gustafsson JK, Hansson GC. Hyper-osmolarity and calcium chelation: Effects on cystic fibrosis mucus. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:109-117. [PMID: 26134505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A non-functional Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) leads to the disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Although the CFTR is expressed in multiple organs, pulmonary disease is the major cause of illness and death in patients with CF. Stagnant mucus, causing airway obstruction, bacterial overgrowth, persistent inflammation and tissue destruction characterizes the disease, but how the defect in CFTR function is coupled to the mucus phenotype is still controversial. We have recently shown that bicarbonate ions passing through CFTR are necessary for proper unfolding of the MUC2 mucin, thus highlighting the importance of bicarbonate ion transport via the CFTR and the ability of these ions to raise the pH and chelate calcium bound to the mucin as the important steps in forming normal mucus. In order to find potential CF treatments and expand our knowledge about the usefulness of bicarbonate as an active ingredient in formulations to alleviate mucus plugging, we used an Ussing-type chamber and explants from the F508del-CFTR mutant mouse ileum to test the effect of calcium chelators on mucus attachment, either in isolation or in combination with osmolytes such as mannitol or hypertonic saline. We found that increasing the concentration of bicarbonate, both alone or in combination with increased osmolarity of the solution, detached the otherwise attached CF mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ermund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9A, SE-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lauren N Meiss
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9A, SE-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny K Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9A, SE-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9A, SE-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Sears PR, Yin WN, Ostrowski LE. Continuous mucociliary transport by primary human airway epithelial cells in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L99-108. [PMID: 25979076 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00024.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is an important innate defense mechanism that continuously removes inhaled pathogens and particulates from the airways. Normal MCC is essential for maintaining a healthy respiratory system, and impaired MCC is a feature of many airway diseases, including both genetic (cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia) and acquired (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis) disorders. Research into the fundamental processes controlling MCC, therefore, has direct clinical application, but has been limited in part due to the difficulty of studying this complex multicomponent system in vitro. In this study, we have characterized a novel method that allows human airway epithelial cells to differentiate into a mucociliary epithelium that transports mucus in a continuous circular track. The mucociliary transport device allows the measurement and manipulation of all features of mucociliary transport in a controlled in vitro system. In this initial study, the effect of ciliary beat frequency and mucus concentration on the speed of mucociliary transport was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Sears
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, Marsico Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wei-Ning Yin
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, Marsico Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, Marsico Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Willoughby JA. Predicting Respiratory Toxicity Using a Human 3D Airway (EpiAirway™) Model Combined with Multiple Parametric Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2014.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Pawar S, Mahantshetty U, Deodhar K, Teni T. A simple cost-effective modification improves the quality of immunocytochemical staining in cervical scrape samples characterized by presence of excess mucus. J Histotechnol 2015; 37:3-8. [PMID: 25620823 PMCID: PMC4304270 DOI: 10.1179/2046023613y.0000000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunocytochemistry (ICC) is a very important tool in a diverse range of biomedical research as well as in diagnostic cytopathology. Smears prepared from cervical scrapes contain a large amount of overlying mucus that interferes with the standard immunocytochemical staining protocol. A modified ICC protocol is described, which involves pretreatment of these smears with 1 mg/ml solution of Ambroxol hydrochloride in methanol for 1 hour. Source of Ambroxol hydrochloride was a 30 mg Mucolite™ tablet, at a cost of 1.70 rupees (∼3·5 US cents) per tablet. This mucolytic solution effectively clears the mucus, facilitating the accessibility of the antibody to the antigenic determinants. This pretreatment resulted in the increased percentage of positively stained cells as well as staining intensity, leading to improved overall ICC staining and score. This is a novel modification that can be cost-effectively applied in ICC staining protocols for cytology samples characterized by the presence of excess mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Pawar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Umesh Mahantshetty
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Kedar Deodhar
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Tanuja Teni
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
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Murgia X, de Souza Carvalho C, Lehr CM. Overcoming the pulmonary barrier: new insights to improve the efficiency of inhaled therapeutics. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2014-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hao Y, Kuang Z, Xu Y, Walling BE, Lau GW. Pyocyanin-induced mucin production is associated with redox modification of FOXA2. Respir Res 2013; 14:82. [PMID: 23915402 PMCID: PMC3765780 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The redox-active pyocyanin (PCN) is a toxic, secondary metabolite secreted by the respiratory pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Previously, we have shown that mouse lungs chronically exposed to PCN develop goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia (GCHM) and mucus hypersecretion, fibrosis and emphysema. These pathological features are commonly found in the airways of several chronic lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF), as well as in mouse airways deficient in the forkhead box A2 (FOXA2), a transcriptional repressor of goblet GCHM and mucus biosynthesis. Furthermore, PCN inhibits FOXA2 by activating the pro-GCHM signaling pathways Stat6 and EGFR. However, it is not known whether PCN-generated reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species posttranslationally modify and inactivate FOXA2. Methods We examined the posttranslational modifications of FOXA2 by PCN using specific antibodies against oxidation, nitrosylation, acetylation and ubiquitination. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to examine the ability of modified FOXA2 to bind the promoter of MUC5B mucin gene. In addition, we used quantitative real time PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence and mouse lung infection to assess whether the loss of FOXA2 function caused GCHM and mucin overexpression. Finally, we examined the restoration of FOXA2 function by the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Results We found that PCN-generated ROS/RNS caused nitrosylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and degradation of FOXA2. Modified FOXA2 had reduced ability to bind the promoter of the MUC5B gene. The antioxidant GSH alleviated the modification of FOXA2 by PCN, and inhibited the overexpression of MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins. Conclusion These results suggest that PCN-mediated posttranslational modifications of FOXA2 are positively correlated with GCHM and overexpression of airway mucins. Furthermore, antioxidant treatment restores the function of FOXA2 to attenuate GCHM and mucus hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Hao
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2001, Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61802, United States of America.
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