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Atencio GWG, Zanini R, Deprá M, Romanowski HP. Preliminary population studies of the grassland swallowtail butterfly Euryades corethrus (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20210503. [PMID: 37341269 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320210503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Euryades corethrus is a Troidini butterfly (Papilionidae, Papilioninae), endemic to grasslands in southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay. Formerly abundant, nowadays it is in the Red list of endangered species for those areas. During its larval stage, it feeds on Aristolochia spp, commonly found in southern grasslands. These native grassland areas are diminishing, being converted to crops and pastures, causing habitat loss for Aristolochia and E. corethrus. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of E. corethrus. We sampled eight populations from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and based on Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) molecular marker, our results suggest a low genetic variability between populations, presence of gene flow and, consequently, lack of population structure. A single maternally inherited-genetic marker is insufficient for population-level decisions, but barcoding is a useful tool during early stages of population investigation, bringing out genomic diversity patterns within the target species. Those populations likely faced a bottleneck followed by a rapid expansion during the last glaciation and subsequent stabilization in effective population size. Habitat loss is a threat, which might cause isolation, loss of genetic variability and, ultimately, extinction of E. corethrus if no habitat conservation policy is adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Wagner G Atencio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, Agronomia, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43435, Sala 218, Agronomia, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Edifício C2, 5.º piso, Sala 2.5.46, Código Postal 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rebeca Zanini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Drosophila, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43323, Sala 210, Agronomia, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Laboratório de Biomedicina Integrativa, Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico 5, Código Postal 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maríndia Deprá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, Agronomia, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Drosophila, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43323, Sala 210, Agronomia, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43312 M, Caixa Postal 15053, Agronomia, 90650-001 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helena P Romanowski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43433, Sala 214, Agronomia, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bloco IV, Prédio 43435, Sala 218, Agronomia, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kawahara AY, Storer C, Carvalho APS, Plotkin DM, Condamine FL, Braga MP, Ellis EA, St Laurent RA, Li X, Barve V, Cai L, Earl C, Frandsen PB, Owens HL, Valencia-Montoya WA, Aduse-Poku K, Toussaint EFA, Dexter KM, Doleck T, Markee A, Messcher R, Nguyen YL, Badon JAT, Benítez HA, Braby MF, Buenavente PAC, Chan WP, Collins SC, Rabideau Childers RA, Dankowicz E, Eastwood R, Fric ZF, Gott RJ, Hall JPW, Hallwachs W, Hardy NB, Sipe RLH, Heath A, Hinolan JD, Homziak NT, Hsu YF, Inayoshi Y, Itliong MGA, Janzen DH, Kitching IJ, Kunte K, Lamas G, Landis MJ, Larsen EA, Larsen TB, Leong JV, Lukhtanov V, Maier CA, Martinez JI, Martins DJ, Maruyama K, Maunsell SC, Mega NO, Monastyrskii A, Morais ABB, Müller CJ, Naive MAK, Nielsen G, Padrón PS, Peggie D, Romanowski HP, Sáfián S, Saito M, Schröder S, Shirey V, Soltis D, Soltis P, Sourakov A, Talavera G, Vila R, Vlasanek P, Wang H, Warren AD, Willmott KR, Yago M, Jetz W, Jarzyna MA, Breinholt JW, Espeland M, Ries L, Guralnick RP, Pierce NE, Lohman DJ. A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:903-913. [PMID: 37188966 PMCID: PMC10250192 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are lacking. We sequenced 391 genes from nearly 2,300 butterfly species, sampled from 90 countries and 28 specimen collections, to reconstruct a new phylogenomic tree of butterflies representing 92% of all genera. Our phylogeny has strong support for nearly all nodes and demonstrates that at least 36 butterfly tribes require reclassification. Divergence time analyses imply an origin ~100 million years ago for butterflies and indicate that all but one family were present before the K/Pg extinction event. We aggregated larval host datasets and global distribution records and found that butterflies are likely to have first fed on Fabaceae and originated in what is now the Americas. Soon after the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum, butterflies crossed Beringia and diversified in the Palaeotropics. Our results also reveal that most butterfly species are specialists that feed on only one larval host plant family. However, generalist butterflies that consume two or more plant families usually feed on closely related plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Y Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Caroline Storer
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ana Paula S Carvalho
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David M Plotkin
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Mariana P Braga
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emily A Ellis
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan A St Laurent
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xuankun Li
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vijay Barve
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liming Cai
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Chandra Earl
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Hannah L Owens
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wendy A Valencia-Montoya
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kwaku Aduse-Poku
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Perimeter College, Georgia State University, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Emmanuel F A Toussaint
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kelly M Dexter
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tenzing Doleck
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Markee
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebeccah Messcher
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y-Lan Nguyen
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jade Aster T Badon
- Animal Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Hugo A Benítez
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Morfometría Evolutiva, Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael F Braby
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Wei-Ping Chan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Richard A Rabideau Childers
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Even Dankowicz
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rod Eastwood
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zdenek F Fric
- Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Riley J Gott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason P W Hall
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Winnie Hallwachs
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nate B Hardy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rachel L Hawkins Sipe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan Heath
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jomar D Hinolan
- Botany and National Herbarium Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Nicholas T Homziak
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yu-Feng Hsu
- College of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Micael G A Itliong
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Janzen
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Krushnamegh Kunte
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Michael J Landis
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elise A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Jing V Leong
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Biology Centre CAS, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Crystal A Maier
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose I Martinez
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dino J Martins
- Turkana Basin Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Sarah C Maunsell
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolás Oliveira Mega
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexander Monastyrskii
- Vietnam Programme, Fauna & Flora International, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ana B B Morais
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Mark Arcebal K Naive
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Tampilisan, Philippines
| | | | - Pablo Sebastián Padrón
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology Laboratory, Museo de Zoología, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Djunijanti Peggie
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong-Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Szabolcs Sáfián
- Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Motoki Saito
- The Research Institute of Evolutionary Biology (Insect Study Division), Setagaya, Japan
| | | | - Vaughn Shirey
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Doug Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pamela Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrei Sourakov
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gerard Talavera
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petr Vlasanek
- T.G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Houshuai Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew D Warren
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Masaya Yago
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jesse W Breinholt
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- RAPiD Genomics, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marianne Espeland
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leslie Ries
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naomi E Pierce
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - David J Lohman
- Biology Department, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Entomology Section, National Museum of Natural History, Manila, Philippines.
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CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCARJ, BRAUN HOLGER, GARCÍA ALEXANDERGARCÍA. The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines. Zootaxa 2022; 5166:1-93. [DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5166.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The tribe Dysoniini is widely distributed in the Neotropics, ranging from northeastern Mexico across Central and South America to northern Argentina. In the latter subcontinent it is most diverse. These tettigoniids are remarkable for their lichen- and bryophyte-mimicking camouflage and for having a particularly elevated vertex, which is unusual in the family Phaneropterinae.
A cladistic analysis for 23 terminal taxa has been performed (20 in the ingroup and 3 in the outgroup), using 76 morphological and ecological characters in order to prove monophyly of the following genera and tribes: Hammatoferina n. subtr. (including Hammatofera), Markiina n. subtr. (Machimoides (Machima (Apolinaria (Lichenodraculus + Markia)))) and Dysoniina n. stat. (Quiva (Yungasacris (Dissonulichen (Alexanderellus n. gen. (Paraphidnia + Anaphidna) (Dysonia (Lichenomorphus + Lichenodentix)))))). The tribe’s genera resulted as monophyletic, except for Dysonia sensu Gorochov, so it was necessary to revalidate generic status for Dissonulichen n. stat. to recover monophyly for Dysonia. The three aforementioned subtribes and a new subgenus Dissonulichospinus n. subgen. (within Dissonulichen n. stat.) are proposed, as well as five new combinations of species so far included in Dysonia: Alexanderellus mariposa n. comb., Dissonulichen diffusus n. comb., D. ornatus n. comb., D. elegans n. comb. and Lichenomorphus pirani n. comb. Four species names are considered as synonyms: Hammatofera brasiliensis n. syn. (under H. nodicornis), Dysonia similis n. syn. (under Dissonulichen minensis), Dysonia cuiabensis n. syn. (under Dissonulichen hebardi) and Lichenomorphus nigriventer n. syn. (under L. puntifrons). Dysonia lamellipes is considered a nomen dubium.
Characters referring to camouflage, mimicry, and behaviors associated with these adaptative preferences were optimized. Optimizations for structural phylogenies were indicated on each of the optimized characters, displaying nodes in which the different optimizations by characters differ. Characters analyzed on the ambulatory behavior of the studied taxa are closely related to the type of mimicry or camouflage occurring in each group, so those taxa that camouflage in foliose lichen move in a slow, circumspect fashion, contrasting to taxa mimicking crustose or fruticose lichen, which simulate lichen parts stirred by a breeze. This most effective strategy makes them almost impossible to spot in their natural habitat. Likewise, species with wasp mimicry tend to show behaviors that make their imitation strategy more efficient. The ancestral state of the tribe is a phyllomorphic type (leaf camouflage) as is usual in most genera of the family Phaneropterinae. The appearance of camouflage and mimicry in the species of the tribe is discussed, and how these converge with taxa of other areas of the planet. The relationship between optimized characters is then grouped in the most parsimonious tree, indicating frequency and relation between taxa and characters.
A biogeographic dispersal-vicariance analysis of the tribe’s genera indicates that the ancestral area is in the Brazilian Shield as the only resulting ancestral distribution, with a secondary center of radiation in the Andes. Four vicariant events are postulated: 1) The differentiation of some genera by the rising of the Andes, 2) forming a barrier between species groups of the genus Markia. 3) Expansion from the ancestral area towards the Amazon and 4) the Andes.
Diagnoses and a pictorial key to the identification of all genera, plus conventional keys for identification of all species are provided, along with distribution maps. A list presents all taxa of the tribe within the proposed classification, including distribution data, depositories of type specimens, and additional comments.
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Single-Island Endemism despite Repeated Dispersal in Caribbean Micrathena (Araneae: Araneidae): An Updated Phylogeographic Analysis. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Island biogeographers have long sought to elucidate the mechanisms behind biodiversity genesis. The Caribbean presents a unique stage on which to analyze the diversification process, due to the geologic diversity among the islands and the rich biotic diversity with high levels of island endemism. The colonization of such islands may reflect geologic heterogeneity through vicariant processes and/ or involve long-distance overwater dispersal. Here, we explore the phylogeography of the Caribbean and proximal mainland spiny orbweavers (Micrathena, Araneae), an American spider lineage that is the most diverse in the tropics and is found throughout the Caribbean. We specifically test whether the vicariant colonization via the contested GAARlandia landbridge (putatively emergent 33–35 mya), long-distance dispersal (LDD), or both processes best explain the modern Micrathena distribution. We reconstruct the phylogeny and test biogeographic hypotheses using a ‘target gene approach’ with three molecular markers (CO1, ITS-2, and 16S rRNA). Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the genus but reject the monophyly of Caribbean Micrathena. Biogeographical analyses support five independent colonizations of the region via multiple overwater dispersal events, primarily from North/Central America, although the genus is South American in origin. There is no evidence for dispersal to the Greater Antilles during the timespan of GAARlandia. Our phylogeny implies greater species richness in the Caribbean than previously known, with two putative species of M. forcipata that are each single-island endemics, as well as deep divergences between the Mexican and Floridian M. sagittata. Micrathena is an unusual lineage among arachnids, having colonized the Caribbean multiple times via overwater dispersal after the submergence of GAARlandia. On the other hand, single-island endemism and undiscovered diversity are nearly universal among all but the most dispersal-prone arachnid groups in the Caribbean.
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Matos-Maraví P, Wahlberg N, Freitas AVL, Devries P, Antonelli A, Penz CM. Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Regional species diversity is explained ultimately by speciation, extinction and dispersal. Here, we estimate dispersal and speciation rates of Neotropical butterflies to propose an explanation for the distribution and diversity of extant species. We focused on the tribe Brassolini (owl butterflies and allies), a Neotropical group that comprises 17 genera and 108 species, most of them endemic to rainforest biomes. We inferred a robust species tree using the multispecies coalescent framework and a dataset including molecular and morphological characters. This formed the basis for three changes in Brassolini classification: (1) Naropina syn. nov. is subsumed within Brassolina; (2) Aponarope syn. nov. is subsumed within Narope; and (3) Selenophanes orgetorix comb. nov. is reassigned from Catoblepia to Selenophanes. By applying biogeographical stochastic mapping, we found contrasting species diversification and dispersal dynamics across rainforest biomes, which might be explained, in part, by the geological and environmental history of each bioregion. Our results revealed a mosaic of biome-specific evolutionary histories within the Neotropics, where butterfly species have diversified rapidly (cradles: Mesoamerica), have accumulated gradually (museums: Atlantic Forest) or have diversified and accumulated alternately (Amazonia). Our study contributes evidence from a major butterfly lineage that the Neotropics are a museum and a cradle of species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pável Matos-Maraví
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - André V L Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, CEP 13.083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Phil Devries
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
- Courtesy Curators of Lepidoptera, Florida Museum of Natural History, 1659 Museum Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Carla M Penz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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6
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Allio R, Nabholz B, Wanke S, Chomicki G, Pérez-Escobar OA, Cotton AM, Clamens AL, Kergoat GJ, Sperling FAH, Condamine FL. Genome-wide macroevolutionary signatures of key innovations in butterflies colonizing new host plants. Nat Commun 2021; 12:354. [PMID: 33441560 PMCID: PMC7806994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mega-diversity of herbivorous insects is attributed to their co-evolutionary associations with plants. Despite abundant studies on insect-plant interactions, we do not know whether host-plant shifts have impacted both genomic adaptation and species diversification over geological times. We show that the antagonistic insect-plant interaction between swallowtail butterflies and the highly toxic birthworts began 55 million years ago in Beringia, followed by several major ancient host-plant shifts. This evolutionary framework provides a valuable opportunity for repeated tests of genomic signatures of macroevolutionary changes and estimation of diversification rates across their phylogeny. We find that host-plant shifts in butterflies are associated with both genome-wide adaptive molecular evolution (more genes under positive selection) and repeated bursts of speciation rates, contributing to an increase in global diversification through time. Our study links ecological changes, genome-wide adaptations and macroevolutionary consequences, lending support to the importance of ecological interactions as evolutionary drivers over long time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Allio
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Benoit Nabholz
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Wanke
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guillaume Chomicki
- Department of Bioscience, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Adam M Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5, Tambon Nong Kwai, Hang Dong, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anne-Laure Clamens
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gaël J Kergoat
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Felix A H Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, AB, Canada
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9, AB, Canada.
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7
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Ortiz‐Acevedo E, Gomez JP, Espeland M, Toussaint EFA, Willmott KR. The roles of wing color pattern and geography in the evolution of Neotropical Preponini butterflies. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12801-12816. [PMID: 33304495 PMCID: PMC7713932 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversification rates and evolutionary trajectories are known to be influenced by phenotypic traits and the geographic history of the landscapes that organisms inhabit. One of the most conspicuous traits in butterflies is their wing color pattern, which has been shown to be important in speciation. The evolution of many taxa in the Neotropics has also been influenced by major geological events. Using a dated, species-level molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for Preponini, a colorful Neotropical butterfly tribe, we evaluated whether diversification rates were constant or varied through time, and how they were influenced by color pattern evolution and biogeographical events. We found that Preponini originated approximately 28 million years ago and that diversification has increased through time consistent with major periods of Andean uplift. Even though some clades show evolutionarily rapid transitions in coloration, contrary to our expectations, these shifts were not correlated with shifts in diversification. Involvement in mimicry with other butterfly groups might explain the rapid changes in dorsal color patterns in this tribe, but such changes have not increased species diversification in this group. However, we found evidence for an influence of major Miocene and Pliocene geological events on the tribe's evolution. Preponini apparently originated within South America, and range evolution has since been dynamic, congruent with Andean geologic activity, closure of the Panama Isthmus, and Miocene climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz‐Acevedo
- Departamento de Química y BiologíaUniversidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Juan Pablo Gomez
- Departamento de Química y BiologíaUniversidad del NorteBarranquillaColombia
| | | | | | - Keith R. Willmott
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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8
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Crews SC, Esposito LA. Towards a synthesis of the Caribbean biogeography of terrestrial arthropods. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:12. [PMID: 31980017 PMCID: PMC6979080 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immense geologic and ecological complexity of the Caribbean has created a natural laboratory for interpreting when and how organisms disperse through time and space. However, competing hypotheses compounded with this complexity have resulted in a lack of unifying principles of biogeography for the region. Though new data concerning the timing of geologic events and dispersal events are emerging, powerful new analytical tools now allow for explicit hypothesis testing. Arthropods, with varying dispersal ability and high levels of endemism in the Caribbean, are an important, albeit understudied, biogeographic model system. Herein, we include a comprehensive analysis of every publicly available genetic dataset (at the time of writing) of terrestrial Caribbean arthropod groups using a statistically robust pipeline to explicitly test the current extent of biogeographic hypotheses for the region. RESULTS Our findings indicate several important biogeographic generalizations for the region: the South American continent is the predominant origin of Caribbean arthropod fauna; GAARlandia played a role for some taxa in aiding dispersal from South America to the Greater Antilles; founder event dispersal explains the majority of dispersal events by terrestrial arthropods, and distance between landmasses is important for dispersal; most dispersal events occurred via island hopping; there is evidence of 'reverse' dispersal from islands to the mainland; dispersal across the present-day Isthmus of Panama generally occurred prior to 3 mya; the Greater Antilles harbor more lineage diversity than the Lesser Antilles, and the larger Greater Antilles typically have greater lineage diversity than the smaller islands; basal Caribbean taxa are primarily distributed in the Greater Antilles, the basal-most being from Cuba, and derived taxa are mostly distributed in the Lesser Antilles; Jamaican taxa are usually endemic and monophyletic. CONCLUSIONS Given the diversity and deep history of terrestrial arthropods, incongruence of biogeographic patterns is expected, but focusing on both similarities and differences among divergent taxa with disparate life histories emphasizes the importance of particular qualities responsible for resulting diversification patterns. Furthermore, this study provides an analytical toolkit that can be used to guide researchers interested in answering questions pertaining to Caribbean biogeography using explicit hypothesis testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Crews
- California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Lauren A Esposito
- California Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
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9
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Loiseau O, Weigand A, Noben S, Rolland J, Silvestro D, Kessler M, Lehnert M, Salamin N. Slowly but surely: gradual diversification and phenotypic evolution in the hyper-diverse tree fern family Cyatheaceae. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:93-103. [PMID: 31562744 PMCID: PMC6948215 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The tremendously unbalanced distribution of species richness across clades in the tree of life is often interpreted as the result of variation in the rates of diversification, which may themselves respond to trait evolution. Even though this is likely a widespread pattern, not all diverse groups of organisms exhibit heterogeneity in their dynamics of diversification. Testing and characterizing the processes driving the evolution of clades with steady rates of diversification over long periods of time are of importance in order to have a full understanding of the build-up of biodiversity through time. METHODS We studied the macroevolutionary history of the species-rich tree fern family Cyatheaceae and inferred a time-calibrated phylogeny of the family including extinct and extant species using the recently developed fossilized birth-death method. We tested whether the high diversity of Cyatheaceae is the result of episodes of rapid diversification associated with phenotypic and ecological differentiation or driven by stable but low rates of diversification. We compared the rates of diversification across clades, modelled the evolution of body size and climatic preferences and tested for trait-dependent diversification. KEY RESULTS This ancient group diversified at a low and constant rate during its long evolutionary history. Morphological and climatic niche evolution were found to be overall highly conserved, although we detected several shifts in the rates of evolution of climatic preferences, linked to changes in elevation. The diversification of the family occurred gradually, within limited phenotypic and ecological boundaries, and yet resulted in a remarkable species richness. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that Cyatheaceae is a diverse clade which slowly accumulated morphological, ecological and taxonomic diversity over a long evolutionary period and provides a compelling example of the tropics as a museum of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Loiseau
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Weigand
- Institute for Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Noben
- Institute for Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Rolland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, #4200-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Global Gothenburg Biodiversity Center, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Kessler
- Institute for Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Lehnert
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Neuwerk 21, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Flight over the Proto-Caribbean seaway: Phylogeny and macroevolution of Neotropical Anaeini leafwing butterflies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 137:86-103. [PMID: 31022515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the origin and evolution of the astonishing Neotropical biodiversity remains somewhat limited. In particular, decoupling the respective impacts of biotic and abiotic factors on the macroevolution of clades is paramount to understand biodiversity assemblage in this region. We present the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny for the Neotropical Anaeini leafwing butterflies (Nymphalidae, Charaxinae) and, applying likelihood-based methods, we test the impact of major abiotic (Andean orogeny, Central American highland orogeny, Proto-Caribbean seaway closure, Quaternary glaciations) and biotic (host plant association) factors on their macroevolution. We infer a robust phylogenetic hypothesis for the tribe despite moderate support in some derived clades. Our phylogenetic inference recovers the genus Polygrapha Staudinger, [1887] as polyphyletic, rendering the genera FountaineaRydon, 1971 and Memphis Hübner, [1819] paraphyletic. Consequently, we transfer Polygrapha tyrianthina (Salvin & Godman, 1868) comb. nov. to Fountainea and Polygrapha xenocrates (Westwood, 1850) comb. nov. to Memphis. We infer an origin of the group in the late Eocene ca. 40 million years ago in Central American lowlands which at the time were separated from South America by the Proto-Caribbean seaway. The biogeographical history of the group is very dynamic, with several oversea colonization events from Central America into the Chocó and Andean regions during intense stages of Andean orogeny. These events coincide with the emergence of an archipelagic setting between Central America and northern South America in the mid-Miocene that likely facilitated dispersal across the now-vanished Proto-Caribbean seaway. The Amazonian region also played a central role in the diversification of the Anaeini, acting both as a museum and a cradle of diversity. We recover a diversification rate shift in the Miocene within the species-rich genus Memphis. State speciation and extinction models recover a significant relationship between this rate shift and host plant association, indicating a positive role on speciation rates of a switch between Malpighiales and new plant orders. We find less support for a role of abiotic factors including the progressive Andean orogeny, Proto-Caribbean seaway closure and Quaternary glaciations. Miocene host plant shifts possibly acted in concert with abiotic and/or biotic factors to shape the diversification of Anaeini butterflies.
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11
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A multi-locus phylogeny for the Neotropical Anomospermeae (Menispermaceae): Implications for taxonomy and biogeography. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 136:44-52. [PMID: 30951922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neotropical rainforests cover about half of the world's tropical rainforests and house most of the biodiversity available on Earth. Australasia has been suggested as a potential source for Neotropical diversity. However, it remains unclear whether megathermal lineages could indeed have migrated to South America though Antarctica. The Neotropical Anomospermeae (Menispermaceae) consists of large, canopy lianas and is entirely restricted to tropical lowland rainforests. The sister relationship identified between this group and its Australasian ally represents an excellent model to test hypotheses regarding past connections between those landmasses. In this study, we used six chloroplast and two nuclear DNA markers to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within the Neotropical Anomospermeae (Menispermaceae). The phylogeny of this group was then used as basis to reconstruct its biogeographical history. The phylogenetic framework reconstructed here strongly supports the monophyly of the Neotropical Anomospermeae and recovers the species of Anomospermum in three different clades: (i) Anomospermum sect. Anomospermum plus Orthomene; (ii) Anomospermum grandifolium and A. solimoesanum (Anomospermum sect. Elissarrhena); and (iii) Anomospermum bolivianum (Anomospermum sect. Elissarrhena). Each of these clades is recognized as a different genus and the necessary taxonomic changes are proposed. Furthermore, the Neotropical Anomospermeae seems to have split from its Australasian sister-group at c. 62 Ma. Ancestral area reconstructions support an Australasian origin for the Neotropical Anomospermeae, providing additional support for the hypothesis that Australasia is a source of Neotropical diversity, with megathermal lineages having dispersed via Antarctica. The Neotropical Anomospermeae differentiated in the late Eocene and subsequently diversified rapidly into seven lineages, suggesting that Neotropical lowland rainforests resembling modern rainforests physiognomically and structurally might not have developed until the late Eocene. The Neotropical Anomospermeae exemplifies the contributions of Australasian migration to Neotropical diversity.
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12
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Chazot N, De-Silva DL, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL, Lamas G, Mallet J, Giraldo CE, Uribe S, Elias M. Contrasting patterns of Andean diversification among three diverse clades of Neotropical clearwing butterflies. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3965-3982. [PMID: 29721272 PMCID: PMC5916281 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical region is the most biodiverse on Earth, in a large part due to the highly diverse tropical Andean biota. The Andes are a potentially important driver of diversification within the mountains and for neighboring regions. We compared the role of the Andes in diversification among three subtribes of Ithomiini butterflies endemic to the Neotropics, Dircennina, Oleriina, and Godyridina. The diversification patterns of Godyridina have been studied previously. Here, we generate the first time‐calibrated phylogeny for the largest ithomiine subtribe, Dircennina, and we reanalyze a published phylogeny of Oleriina to test different biogeographic scenarios involving the Andes within an identical framework. We found common diversification patterns across the three subtribes, as well as major differences. In Dircennina and Oleriina, our results reveal a congruent pattern of diversification related to the Andes with an Andean origin, which contrasts with the Amazonian origin and multiple Andean colonizations of Godyridina. In each of the three subtribes, a clade diversified in the Northern Andes at a faster rate. Diversification within Amazonia occurred in Oleriina and Godyridina, while virtually no speciation occurred in Dircennina in this region. Dircennina was therefore characterized by higher diversification rates within the Andes compared to non‐Andean regions, while in Oleriina and Godyridina, we found no difference between these regions. Our results and discussion highlight the importance of comparative approaches in biogeographic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chazot
- Department of Biology Lunds Universitet Lund Sweden.,Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
| | - Donna Lisa De-Silva
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
| | - Keith R Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - André V L Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
| | - Carlos E Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación de Sanidad Vegetal Universidad Católica de Oriente Rionegro Colombia
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France
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13
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da Silva M, Noll FB, e Castro ACMC. Phylogeographic analysis reveals high genetic structure with uniform phenotypes in the paper wasp Protonectarina sylveirae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538451 PMCID: PMC5851647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Swarm-founding wasps are endemic and common representatives of neotropical fauna and compose an interesting social tribe of vespids, presenting both complex social characteristics and uncommon traits for a eusocial group, such as the absence of castes with distinct morphology. The paper wasp Protonectarina sylveirae (Saussure) presents a broad distribution from Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, occurring widespread in the Atlantic rainforest and arboreal Caatinga, being absent in the Amazon region. Given the peculiar distribution among swarm-founding wasps, an integrative approach to reconstruct the evolutionary history of P. sylveirae in a spatial-temporal framework was performed to investigate: the presence of genetic structure and its relationship with the geography, the evolution of distinct morphologic lineages and the possible historical event(s) in Neotropical region, which could explain the observed phylogeographic pattern. Individuals of P. sylveirae were obtained from populations of 16 areas throughout its distribution for DNA extraction and amplification of mitochondrial genes 12S, 16S and COI. Analysis of genetic diversity, construction of haplotype net, analysis of population structure and dating analysis of divergence time were performed. A morphometric analysis was also performed using 8 measures of the body of the adult (workers) to test if there are morphological distinction among populations. Thirty-five haplotypes were identified, most of them exclusively of a group and a high population structure was found. The possibility of genetic divergence because of isolation by distance was rejected. Morphological analysis pointed to a great uniformity in phenotypes, with only a small degree of differentiation between populations of south and the remaining. Divergence time analysis showed a Middle/Late Miocene origin, a period where an extensive marine ingression occurred in South America. Divergence of haplogroups began from the Plio/Pleistocene boundary and the last glacial maximum most likely modeled the current distribution of species, even though it was not the cause of genetic breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie da Silva
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernando Barbosa Noll
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana C. Morales-Corrêa e Castro
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Suárez-Villota EY, Carmignotto AP, Brandão MV, Percequillo AR, Silva MJDJ. Systematics of the genus Oecomys (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini): molecular phylogenetic, cytogenetic and morphological approaches reveal cryptic species. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elkin Y Suárez-Villota
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Emilio Pugín, campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ana Paula Carmignotto
- Laboratório de Diversidade Animal, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Brandão
- Laboratório de Diversidade Animal, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Reis Percequillo
- Departamento de Ciências Biolόgicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José de J Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Nielsen ME. No geographic variation in thermoregulatory colour plasticity and limited variation in heat‐avoidance behaviour in
Battus philenor
caterpillars. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1919-1928. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Nielsen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
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16
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Carvalho APS, Orr AG, Kawahara AY. A review of the occurrence and diversity of the sphragis in butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). Zookeys 2017:41-70. [PMID: 29133999 PMCID: PMC5672779 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.694.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Males of many butterfly species secrete long-lasting mating plugs to prevent their mates from copulating with other males, thus ensuring their sperm will fertilize all future eggs laid. Certain species have further developed a greatly enlarged, often spectacular, externalized plug, termed a sphragis. This distinctive structure results from complex adaptations in both male and female genitalia and is qualitatively distinct from the amorphous, internal mating plugs of other species. Intermediate conditions between internal plug and external sphragis are rare. The term sphragis has often been misunderstood in recent years, hence we provide a formal definition based on accepted usage throughout most of the last century. Despite it being a highly apparent trait, neither the incidence nor diversity of the sphragis has been systematically documented. We record a sphragis or related structure in 273 butterfly species, representing 72 species of Papilionidae in 13 genera, and 201 species of Nymphalidae in 9 genera. These figures represent respectively, 13% of Papilionidae, 3% of Nymphalidae, and 1% of known butterfly species. A well-formed sphragis evolved independently in at least five butterfly subfamilies, with a rudimentary structure also occurring in an additional subfamily. The sphragis is probably the plesiomorphic condition in groups such as Parnassius (Papilionidae: Parnassiinae) and many Acraeini (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae). Some butterflies, such as those belonging to the Parnassius simo group, have apparently lost the structure secondarily. The material cost of producing the sphragis is considerable. It is typically offset by production of a smaller spermatophore, thus reducing the amount of male-derived nutrients donated to the female during mating for use in oogenesis and/or somatic maintenance. The sphragis potentially represents one of the clearest examples of mate conflict known. Investigating its biology should yield testable hypotheses to further our understanding of the selective processes at play in an 'arms race' between the sexes. This paper provides an overview, which will inform future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula S Carvalho
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.,McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611 United States
| | - Albert G Orr
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Akito Y Kawahara
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.,McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611 United States
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17
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Lisa De-Silva D, Mota LL, Chazot N, Mallarino R, Silva-Brandão KL, Piñerez LMG, Freitas AV, Lamas G, Joron M, Mallet J, Giraldo CE, Uribe S, Särkinen T, Knapp S, Jiggins CD, Willmott KR, Elias M. North Andean origin and diversification of the largest ithomiine butterfly genus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45966. [PMID: 28387233 PMCID: PMC5384087 DOI: 10.1038/srep45966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Neotropics harbour the most diverse flora and fauna on Earth. The Andes are a major centre of diversification and source of diversity for adjacent areas in plants and vertebrates, but studies on insects remain scarce, even though they constitute the largest fraction of terrestrial biodiversity. Here, we combine molecular and morphological characters to generate a dated phylogeny of the butterfly genus Pteronymia (Nymphalidae: Danainae), which we use to infer spatial, elevational and temporal diversification patterns. We first propose six taxonomic changes that raise the generic species total to 53, making Pteronymia the most diverse genus of the tribe Ithomiini. Our biogeographic reconstruction shows that Pteronymia originated in the Northern Andes, where it diversified extensively. Some lineages colonized lowlands and adjacent montane areas, but diversification in those areas remained scarce. The recent colonization of lowland areas was reflected by an increase in the rate of evolution of species' elevational ranges towards present. By contrast, speciation rate decelerated with time, with no extinction. The geological history of the Andes and adjacent regions have likely contributed to Pteronymia diversification by providing compartmentalized habitats and an array of biotic and abiotic conditions, and by limiting dispersal between some areas while promoting interchange across others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Lisa De-Silva
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205–CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Luísa L. Mota
- Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Chazot
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205–CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F-75005, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Mallarino
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Karina L. Silva-Brandão
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luz Miryam Gómez Piñerez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de investigación Ciencias Forenses y Salud, Tecnológico de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - André V.L. Freitas
- Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CEFE, UMR 5175 CNRS - EPHE - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier 5, France
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Carlos E. Giraldo
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación de Sanidad Vegetal, Universidad Católica de Oriente, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Tiina Särkinen
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Sandra Knapp
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Chris D. Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205–CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F-75005, Paris, France
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18
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Nattier R, Capdevielle-Dulac C, Cassildé C, Couloux A, Cruaud C, Lachaume G, Lamas G, Silvain JF, Blandin P. Phylogeny and diversification of the cloud forest Morpho sulkowskyi
group (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the evolving Andes. ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Nattier
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité; ISYEB UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; 57 rue Cuvier CP50 75005 Paris France
- Laboratoire Évolution, génomes, comportement, écologie; CNRS université Paris-Sud UMR 9191 - IRD UMR 247; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Claire Capdevielle-Dulac
- Laboratoire Évolution, génomes, comportement, écologie; CNRS université Paris-Sud UMR 9191 - IRD UMR 247; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Catherine Cassildé
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité; ISYEB UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; 57 rue Cuvier CP50 75005 Paris France
| | - Arnaud Couloux
- Technique; Genoscope. Centre National de Sequençage; Evry Ile-de-France France
| | - Corinne Cruaud
- Technique; Genoscope. Centre National de Sequençage; Evry Ile-de-France France
| | | | - Gerardo Lamas
- Departamento de Entomología; Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Avenida Arenales 1256 Apartado 14-0434 Lima 14 Peru
| | - Jean-François Silvain
- Laboratoire Évolution, génomes, comportement, écologie; CNRS université Paris-Sud UMR 9191 - IRD UMR 247; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Patrick Blandin
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité; ISYEB UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; 57 rue Cuvier CP50 75005 Paris France
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19
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Chazot N, Willmott KR, Condamine FL, De‐Silva DL, Freitas AVL, Lamas G, Morlon H, Giraldo CE, Jiggins CD, Joron M, Mallet J, Uribe S, Elias M. Into the Andes: multiple independent colonizations drive montane diversity in the Neotropical clearwing butterflies Godyridina. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5765-5784. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chazot
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F‐75005 Paris France
- Department of Biology University of Lund 223 62 Lund Sweden
| | - Keith R. Willmott
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (Université de Montpellier) Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta T6G 2E9 Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Donna Lisa De‐Silva
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F‐75005 Paris France
| | - André V. L. Freitas
- Departamento de Zoologia and Museu de Zoologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gerardo Lamas
- Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional de San Marcos Lima Peru
| | - Hélène Morlon
- IBENS Ecole Normale Supérieure UMR 8197 CNRS Paris France
| | - Carlos E. Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación de Sanidad Vegetal Universidad Católica de Oriente Rionegro Antioquia Colombia
| | | | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS – EPHE – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 34293 Montpellier 5 France
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - Marianne Elias
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités 57 rue Cuvier CP50 F‐75005 Paris France
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20
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Carrizo García C, Barfuss MHJ, Sehr EM, Barboza GE, Samuel R, Moscone EA, Ehrendorfer F. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:35-51. [PMID: 27245634 PMCID: PMC4934398 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Capsicum (Solanaceae), native to the tropical and temperate Americas, comprises the well-known sweet and hot chili peppers and several wild species. So far, only partial taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses have been done for the genus. Here, the phylogenetic relationships between nearly all taxa of Capsicum were explored to test the monophyly of the genus and to obtain a better knowledge of species relationships, diversification and expansion. METHODS Thirty-four of approximately 35 Capsicum species were sampled. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses were performed using two plastid markers (matK and psbA-trnH) and one single-copy nuclear gene (waxy). The evolutionary changes of nine key features were reconstructed following the parsimony ancestral states method. Ancestral areas were reconstructed through a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis. KEY RESULTS Capsicum forms a monophyletic clade, with Lycianthes as a sister group, following both phylogenetic approaches. Eleven well-supported clades (four of them monotypic) can be recognized within Capsicum, although some interspecific relationships need further analysis. A few features are useful to characterize different clades (e.g. fruit anatomy, chromosome base number), whereas some others are highly homoplastic (e.g. seed colour). The origin of Capsicum is postulated in an area along the Andes of western to north-western South America. The expansion of the genus has followed a clockwise direction around the Amazon basin, towards central and south-eastern Brazil, then back to western South America, and finally northwards to Central America. CONCLUSIONS New insights are provided regarding interspecific relationships, character evolution, and geographical origin and expansion of Capsicum A clearly distinct early-diverging clade can be distinguished, centred in western-north-western South America. Subsequent rapid speciation has led to the origin of the remaining clades. The diversification of Capsicum has culminated in the origin of the main cultivated species in several regions of South to Central America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carrizo García
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), CONICET- University of Córdoba, C.C. 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Michael H J Barfuss
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva M Sehr
- Austrian Institute of Technology, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gloria E Barboza
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), CONICET- University of Córdoba, C.C. 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina Faculty of Chemistry, University of Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosabelle Samuel
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eduardo A Moscone
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), CONICET- University of Córdoba, C.C. 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Friedrich Ehrendorfer
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Matos-Maraví P. Investigating the timing of origin and evolutionary processes shaping regional species diversity: Insights from simulated data and neotropical butterfly diversification rates. Evolution 2016; 70:1638-50. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pável Matos-Maraví
- School of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia and Institute of Entomology; Biology Centre CAS; Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
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22
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NOGUERA-URBANO EA, ESCALANTE T. ÁREAS DE ENDEMISMO DE LOS MAMÍFEROS (MAMMALIA) NEOTROPICALES. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2015. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v20n3.46179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>La identificación de las áreas de endemismo es un paso fundamental en los análisis de biogeografía evolutiva. Las áreas de endemismo han sido definidas por la congruencia de dos o más áreas de distribución, en donde se asume de manera general que los taxones endémicos tienen una respuesta geográfica similar a factores históricos y ambientales. Los mamíferos tienen alta diversidad en el Neotrópico y muchos de ellos han evolucionado en conjunto con esta región biogeográfica. Sin embargo, hay pocas hipótesis de áreas de endemismo que puedan ser relacionadas con la evolución de los mamíferos en el Neotrópico. En este estudio se identificaron las áreas de endemismo de los mamíferos neotropicales a partir del análisis de una matriz de 2052 taxones (familias, géneros y especies). Para ello se aplicó una búsqueda de áreas de endemismo con el método de Análisis de Endemicidad a una cuadrícula de 2° latitud-longitud. Se identificaron 101 áreas de endemismo y 498 taxones endémicos, las áreas coincidieron parcialmente con 65 patrones biogeográficos identificados por otros autores. La región Neotropical está compuesta por nueve áreas de endemismo y mostró múltiples límites, que sugieren un patrón dinámico. Se identificaron dos áreas complejas de intercambio biótico que coincidieron con las zonas de transición Mexicana y Sudamericana. La congruencia de las áreas de endemismo de mamíferos con otros esquemas biogeográficos sugiere que estas áreas han sido formadas tanto por factores históricos como ecológicos. Por otra parte, las incongruencias de las áreas de endemismo soportan un sistema biogeográfico no jerarquizado.</p><p><strong>Areas of Endemism of the Neotropical Mammals (Mammalia)</strong><strong> </strong></p><p>The identification of areas of endemism is an essential step in analyses of evolutionary biogeography. Areas of endemism have been defined by the congruency of two or more distributional areas, where there is a general assumption that the endemic taxa have a similar geographic response to historical and environmental factors. Mammals are highly diverse in the Neotropics, and most of them have evolved together with that biogeographical region. However, there are few hypotheses of areas of endemism that may be related with the evolution of the mammals in the Neotropics. We analyzed a matrix of 2052 taxa (families, genera and species) to identify the areas of endemism of the Neotropical mammals. The search of areas of endemism was performed using the Analysis of Endemicity method in a grid of 2° latitude –longitude. The analysis resulted in 101 areas and 498 endemic taxa, the areas partially matched with 65 biogeographical patterns previously identified by other authors. The Neotropical region is composed of nine areas of endemism and showed multiples boundaries, these characteristics suggest a dynamic pattern. Two complex areas of biotic interchange corresponded with the Mexican and Southamerican transitional zones. On one side, the congruence of areas of endemism of mammals with other biogeographical patterns suggests that historical and ecological factors have shaped the structure of those areas. On the other side, the incongruence of some areas of endemism supports a biogeographical system without hierarchy.</p>
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23
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Garzón-Orduña IJ, Silva-Brandão KL, Willmott KR, Freitas AVL, Brower AVZ. Incompatible Ages for Clearwing Butterflies Based on Alternative Secondary Calibrations. Syst Biol 2015; 64:752-67. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Kekkonen M, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Nieminen M, Hebert PDN. Delineating species with DNA barcodes: a case of taxon dependent method performance in moths. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122481. [PMID: 25849083 PMCID: PMC4406103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The accelerating loss of biodiversity has created a need for more effective ways to discover species. Novel algorithmic approaches for analyzing sequence data combined with rapidly expanding DNA barcode libraries provide a potential solution. While several analytical methods are available for the delineation of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), few studies have compared their performance. This study compares the performance of one morphology-based and four DNA-based (BIN, parsimony networks, ABGD, GMYC) methods on two groups of gelechioid moths. It examines 92 species of Finnish Gelechiinae and 103 species of Australian Elachistinae which were delineated by traditional taxonomy. The results reveal a striking difference in performance between the two taxa with all four DNA-based methods. OTU counts in the Elachistinae showed a wider range and a relatively low (ca. 65%) OTU match with reference species while OTU counts were more congruent and performance was higher (ca. 90%) in the Gelechiinae. Performance rose when only monophyletic species were compared, but the taxon-dependence remained. None of the DNA-based methods produced a correct match with non-monophyletic species, but singletons were handled well. A simulated test of morphospecies-grouping performed very poorly in revealing taxon diversity in these small, dull-colored moths. Despite the strong performance of analyses based on DNA barcodes, species delineated using single-locus mtDNA data are best viewed as OTUs that require validation by subsequent integrative taxonomic work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kekkonen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Department of Genetics and Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Kaila
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Nieminen
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Hamm CA, Fordyce JA. Patterns of host plant utilization and diversification in the brush-footed butterflies. Evolution 2015; 69:589-601. [PMID: 25546268 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects represent one of the most successful animal radiations known. They occupy a wide range of niches, feed on a great variety of plants, and are species rich; yet the factors that influence their diversification are poorly understood. Host breadth is often cited as a major factor influencing diversification, and, according to the Oscillation Hypothesis, shifts from generalist to specialist feeding states increase the diversification rate for a clade. We explored the relationship between host breadth and diversification within the Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) and explicitly tested predictions of the Oscillation Hypothesis. We found strong evidence of diversification rate heterogeneity, but no difference in host breadth between clades with a higher diversification rate compared to their sisters. We also found some clades exhibited phylogenetic nonindependence in host breadth and these clades had lower host plant turnover than expected by chance, suggesting host breadth is evolutionarily constrained. Finally, we found that transitions among host breadth categories varied, but the likelihood of reductions in host breadth was greater than that of increases. Our results indicate host breadth is decoupled from diversification rate within the Nymphalidae, and that constraints on diet breadth might play an important role in the evolution of herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Hamm
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, 5032 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045.
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26
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Matos-Maraví P, Núñez Águila R, Peña C, Miller JY, Sourakov A, Wahlberg N. Causes of endemic radiation in the Caribbean: evidence from the historical biogeography and diversification of the butterfly genus Calisto (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini). BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:199. [PMID: 25220489 PMCID: PMC4172866 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calisto is the largest butterfly genus in the West Indies but its systematics, historical biogeography and the causes of its diversification have not been previously rigorously evaluated. Several studies attempting to explain the wide-ranging diversity of Calisto gave different weights to vicariance, dispersal and adaptive radiation. We utilized molecular phylogenetic approaches and secondary calibrations points to estimate lineage ages. In addition, we used the dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model and Caribbean paleogeographical information to reconstruct ancestral geographical distributions. We also evaluated different models of diversification to estimate the dynamics of lineage radiation within Calisto. By understanding the evolution of Calisto butterflies, we attempt to identify the main processes acting on insular insect diversity and the causes of its origin and its maintenance. RESULTS The crown age of Calisto was estimated to the early Oligocene (31 ± 5 Ma), and a single shift in diversification rate following a diversity-dependent speciation process was the best explanation for the present-day diversity found within the genus. A major increase in diversification rate was recovered at 14 Ma, following geological arrangements that favoured the availability of empty niches. Inferred ancestral distributional ranges suggested that the origin of extant Calisto is in agreement with a vicariant model and the origin of the Cuban lineage was likely the result of vicariance caused by the Cuba-Hispaniola split. A long-distance dispersal was the best explanation for the colonization of Jamaica and the Bahamas. CONCLUSIONS The ancestral geographical distribution of Calisto is in line with the paleogeographical model of Caribbean colonization, which favours island-to-island vicariance. Because the sister lineage of Calisto remains ambiguous, its arrival to the West Indies remains to be explained, although, given its age and historical biogeography, the hypothesized GAARlandia land bridge might have been a plausible introduction route from continental America. Intra-island radiation caused by ecological innovation and the abiotic creation of niche spaces was found to be the main force shaping Calisto diversity and island endemism in Hispaniola and Cuba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pável Matos-Maraví
- />Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- />School of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre AS CR, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Rayner Núñez Águila
- />División de Colecciones Zoológicas y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Carretera de Varona km 3.5, Capdevila, Boyeros Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
| | - Carlos Peña
- />Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jacqueline Y Miller
- />McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Andrei Sourakov
- />McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- />Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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27
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Lewis DS, Sperling FAH, Nakahara S, Cotton AM, Kawahara AY, Condamine FL. Role of
C
aribbean Islands in the diversification and biogeography of Neotropical
H
eraclides
swallowtails. Cladistics 2014; 31:291-314. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Delano S. Lewis
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- The Office of Research and Grants and the Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Department Northern Caribbean University Manchester Road Mandeville Jamaica WI
| | - Felix A. H. Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Shinichi Nakahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Adam M. Cotton
- 86/2 Moo 5, Ban Hua Tung, Tambon Nong Kwai Amphoe Hang Dong Chiang Mai 50230 Thailand
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS UMR 7641 Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées (Ecole Polytechnique) Route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
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28
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Hipsley CA, Müller J. Beyond fossil calibrations: realities of molecular clock practices in evolutionary biology. Front Genet 2014; 5:138. [PMID: 24904638 PMCID: PMC4033271 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular-based divergence dating methods, or molecular clocks, are the primary neontological tool for estimating the temporal origins of clades. While the appropriate use of vertebrate fossils as external clock calibrations has stimulated heated discussions in the paleontological community, less attention has been given to the quality and implementation of other calibration types. In lieu of appropriate fossils, many studies rely on alternative sources of age constraints based on geological events, substitution rates and heterochronous sampling, as well as dates secondarily derived from previous analyses. To illustrate the breadth and frequency of calibration types currently employed, we conducted a literature survey of over 600 articles published from 2007 to 2013. Over half of all analyses implemented one or more fossil dates as constraints, followed by geological events and secondary calibrations (15% each). Vertebrate taxa were subjects in nearly half of all studies, while invertebrates and plants together accounted for 43%, followed by viruses, protists and fungi (3% each). Current patterns in calibration practices were disproportionate to the number of discussions on their proper use, particularly regarding plants and secondarily derived dates, which are both relatively neglected in methodological evaluations. Based on our survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest approaches in clock calibration, and outline strengths and weaknesses associated with each. This critique should serve as a call to action for researchers across multiple communities, particularly those working on clades for which fossil records are poor, to develop their own guidelines regarding selection and implementation of alternative calibration types. This issue is particularly relevant now, as time-calibrated phylogenies are used for more than dating evolutionary origins, but often serve as the backbone of investigations into biogeography, diversity dynamics and rates of phenotypic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy A. Hipsley
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und BiodiversitätsforschungBerlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und BiodiversitätsforschungBerlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Avanced Biodiversity ResearchBerlin, Germany
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Postaire B, Bruggemann JH, Magalon H, Faure B. Evolutionary dynamics in the southwest Indian ocean marine biodiversity hotspot: a perspective from the rocky shore gastropod genus Nerita. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95040. [PMID: 24736639 PMCID: PMC3988148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) is a striking marine biodiversity hotspot. Coral reefs in this region host a high proportion of endemics compared to total species richness and they are particularly threatened by human activities. The island archipelagos with their diverse marine habitats constitute a natural laboratory for studying diversification processes. Rocky shores in the SWIO region have remained understudied. This habitat presents a high diversity of molluscs, in particular gastropods. To explore the role of climatic and geological factors in lineage diversification within the genus Nerita, we constructed a new phylogeny with an associated chronogram from two mitochondrial genes [cytochrome oxidase sub-unit 1 and 16S rRNA], combining previously published and new data from eight species sampled throughout the region. All species from the SWIO originated less than 20 Ma ago, their closest extant relatives living in the Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA). Furthermore, the SWIO clades within species with Indo-Pacific distribution ranges are quite recent, less than 5 Ma. These results suggest that the regional diversification of Nerita is closely linked to tectonic events in the SWIO region. The Reunion mantle plume head reached Earth's surface 67 Ma and has been stable and active since then, generating island archipelagos, some of which are partly below sea level today. Since the Miocene, sea-level fluctuations have intermittently created new rocky shore habitats. These represent ephemeral stepping-stones, which have likely facilitated repeated colonization by intertidal gastropods, like Nerita populations from the IAA, leading to allopatric speciation. This highlights the importance of taking into account past climatic and geological factors when studying diversification of highly dispersive tropical marine species. It also underlines the unique history of the marine biodiversity of the SWIO region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bautisse Postaire
- Laboratoire d’ECOlogie MARine, Université de la Réunion, FRE3560 INEE-CNRS, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
- Labex CORAIL, Perpignan, France
| | - J. Henrich Bruggemann
- Laboratoire d’ECOlogie MARine, Université de la Réunion, FRE3560 INEE-CNRS, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
- Labex CORAIL, Perpignan, France
| | - Hélène Magalon
- Laboratoire d’ECOlogie MARine, Université de la Réunion, FRE3560 INEE-CNRS, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
- Labex CORAIL, Perpignan, France
| | - Baptiste Faure
- Laboratoire d’ECOlogie MARine, Université de la Réunion, FRE3560 INEE-CNRS, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
- Biotope, Service Recherche et Développement, Mèze, France
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Vilela JF, Mello B, Voloch CM, Schrago CG. Sigmodontine rodents diversified in South America prior to the complete rise of the Panamanian Isthmus. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlio F. Vilela
- Department of Genetics; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Beatriz Mello
- Department of Genetics; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Voloch
- Department of Genetics; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Carlos G. Schrago
- Department of Genetics; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Couvreur TLP, Baker WJ. Tropical rain forest evolution: palms as a model group. BMC Biol 2013; 11:48. [PMID: 23587415 PMCID: PMC3627317 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-11-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L P Couvreur
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, 911, avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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