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Xu M, Zuo D, Wang Q, Lv L, Zhang Y, Jiao H, Zhang X, Yang Y, Song G, Cheng H. Identification and molecular evolution of the GLX genes in 21 plant species: a focus on the Gossypium hirsutum. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:474. [PMID: 37608304 PMCID: PMC10464159 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09524-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glyoxalase system includes glyoxalase I (GLXI), glyoxalase II (GLXII) and glyoxalase III (GLXIII), which are responsible for methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification and involved in abiotic stress responses such as drought, salinity and heavy metal. RESULTS In this study, a total of 620 GLX family genes were identified from 21 different plant species. The results of evolutionary analysis showed that GLX genes exist in all species from lower plants to higher plants, inferring that GLX genes might be important for plants, and GLXI and GLXII account for the majority. In addition, motif showed an expanding trend in the process of evolution. The analysis of cis-acting elements in 21 different plant species showed that the promoter region of the GLX genes were rich in phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stress-related elements, indicating that GLX genes can participate in a variety of life processes. In cotton, GLXs could be divided into two groups and most GLXIs distributed in group I, GLXIIs and GLXIIIs mainly belonged to group II, indicating that there are more similarities between GLXII and GLXIII in cotton evolution. The transcriptome data analysis and quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) show that some members of GLX family would respond to high temperature treatment in G.hirsutum. The protein interaction network of GLXs in G.hirsutum implied that most members can participate in various life processes through protein interactions. CONCLUSIONS The results elucidated the evolutionary history of GLX family genes in plants and lay the foundation for their functions analysis in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Limin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Huixin Jiao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Guoli Song
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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Abstract
The glyoxalase gene family consists of six structurally and functionally diverse enzymes with broad roles in metabolism. The common feature that defines this family is based on structural motifs that coordinate divalent cations which are required for activity. These family members have been implicated in a variety of physiological processes, including amino-acid metabolism (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; HPD), primary metabolism (methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase; MCEE), and aldehyde detoxication (glyoxalase 1; GLO1) and therefore have significant associations with disease. A central function of this family is the detoxification of reactive dicarbonyls (e.g., methylglyoxal), which react with cellular nucleophiles, resulting in the modification of lipids, proteins, and DNA. These damaging modifications activate canonical stress responses such as heat shock, unfolded protein, antioxidant, and DNA damage responses. Thus, glyoxalases serve an important role in homeostasis, preventing the pathogenesis of metabolic disease states, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal failure, and aging. This review presents a thorough overview of the literature surrounding this diverse enzyme class. Although extensive literature exists for some members of this family (e.g., GLO1), little is known about the physiological role of glyoxalase domain-containing protein 4 (GLOD4) and 5 (GLOD5), paving the way for exciting avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique O Farrera
- Department of Pharmacology and College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - James J Galligan
- Department of Pharmacology and College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
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Mazza MC, Shuck SC, Lin J, Moxley MA, Termini J, Cookson MR, Wilson MA. DJ-1 is not a deglycase and makes a modest contribution to cellular defense against methylglyoxal damage in neurons. J Neurochem 2022; 162:245-261. [PMID: 35713360 PMCID: PMC9539984 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human DJ‐1 is a cytoprotective protein whose absence causes Parkinson's disease and is also associated with other diseases. DJ‐1 has an established role as a redox‐regulated protein that defends against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Multiple studies have suggested that DJ‐1 is also a protein/nucleic acid deglycase that plays a key role in the repair of glycation damage caused by methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive α‐keto aldehyde formed by central metabolism. Contradictory reports suggest that DJ‐1 is a glyoxalase but not a deglycase and does not play a major role in glycation defense. Resolving this issue is important for understanding how DJ‐1 protects cells against insults that can cause disease. We find that DJ‐1 reduces levels of reversible adducts of MG with guanine and cysteine in vitro. The steady‐state kinetics of DJ‐1 acting on reversible hemithioacetal substrates are fitted adequately with a computational kinetic model that requires only a DJ‐1 glyoxalase activity, supporting the conclusion that deglycation is an apparent rather than a true activity of DJ‐1. Sensitive and quantitative isotope‐dilution mass spectrometry shows that DJ‐1 modestly reduces the levels of some irreversible guanine and lysine glycation products in primary and cultured neuronal cell lines and whole mouse brain, consistent with a small but measurable effect on total neuronal glycation burden. However, DJ‐1 does not improve cultured cell viability in exogenous MG. In total, our results suggest that DJ‐1 is not a deglycase and has only a minor role in protecting neurons against methylglyoxal toxicity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Conti Mazza
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jiusheng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michael A Moxley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Ghosh A, Mustafiz A, Pareek A, Sopory SK, Singla-Pareek SL. Glyoxalase III enhances salinity tolerance through reactive oxygen species scavenging and reduced glycation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13693. [PMID: 35483971 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a metabolically generated highly cytotoxic compound that accumulates in all living organisms, from Escherichia coli to humans, under stress conditions. To detoxify MG, nature has evolved reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent glyoxalase and NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase systems. But both GSH and NADPH have been reported to be limiting in plants under stress conditions, and thus detoxification might not be performed efficiently. Recently, glyoxalase III (GLY III)-like enzyme activity has been reported from various species, which can detoxify MG without any cofactor. In the present study, we have tested whether an E. coli gene, hchA, encoding a functional GLY III, could provide abiotic stress tolerance to living systems. Overexpression of this gene showed improved tolerance in E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells against salinity, dicarbonyl, and oxidative stresses. Ectopic expression of the E. coli GLY III gene (EcGLY-III) in transgenic tobacco plants confers tolerance against salinity at both seedling and reproductive stages as indicated by their height, weight, membrane stability index, and total yield potential. Transgenic plants showed significantly increased glyoxalase and antioxidant enzyme activity that resisted the accumulation of excess MG and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during stress. Moreover, transgenic plants showed more anti-glycation activity to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end product (AGE) that might prevent transgenic plants from stress-induced senescence. Taken together, all these observations indicate that overexpression of EcGLYIII confers salinity stress tolerance in plants and should be explored further for the generation of stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Ghosh
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananda Mustafiz
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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5
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Alfarouk KO, Alqahtani SS, Alshahrani S, Morgenstern J, Supuran CT, Reshkin SJ. The possible role of methylglyoxal metabolism in cancer. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:2010-2015. [PMID: 34517737 PMCID: PMC8451662 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1972994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours reprogram their metabolism to acquire an evolutionary advantage over normal cells. However, not all such metabolic pathways support energy production. An example of these metabolic pathways is the Methylglyoxal (MG) one. This pathway helps maintain the redox state, and it might act as a phosphate sensor that monitors the intracellular phosphate levels. In this work, we discuss the biochemical step of the MG pathway and interrelate it with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid O Alfarouk
- Department of Evolutionary Pharmacology, and Tumor Metabolism, Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Saad S Alqahtani
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Mohanan MV, Pushpanathan A, Padmanabhan S, Sasikumar T, Jayanarayanan AN, Selvarajan D, Ramalingam S, Ram B, Chinnaswamy A. Overexpression of Glyoxalase III gene in transgenic sugarcane confers enhanced performance under salinity stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:1083-1094. [PMID: 33886006 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The glyoxalase pathway is a check point to monitor the elevation of methylglyoxal (MG) level in plants and is mediated by glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) enzymes in the presence of glutathione. Recent studies established the presence of unique DJ-1/PfpI domain containing protein named glyoxalase III (Gly III) in prokaryotes, involved in the detoxification of MG into D-lactic acid through a single step process. In the present study, eleven transgenic sugarcane events overexpressing EaGly III were assessed for salinity stress (100 mM and 200 mM NaCl) tolerance. Lipid peroxidation as well as cell membrane injury remained very minimal in all the transgenic events indicating reduced oxidative damage. Transgenic events exhibited significantly higher plant water status, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and proline content, total soluble sugars, SOD and POD activity compared to wild type (WT) under salinity stress. Histological studies by taking the cross section showed a highly stable root system in transgenic events upon exposure to salinity stress. Results of the present study indicate that transgenic sugarcane events overexpressing EaGly III performed well and exhibited improved salinity stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anunanthini Pushpanathan
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641041, India
| | - Sarath Padmanabhan
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641007, India
| | - Thelakat Sasikumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641007, India
| | | | - Dharshini Selvarajan
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641007, India
| | - Sathishkumar Ramalingam
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641041, India
| | - Bakshi Ram
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641007, India
| | - Appunu Chinnaswamy
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641007, India.
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7
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Mulikova T, Bekkhozhin Z, Abdirassil A, Utepbergenov D. A continuous spectrophotometric assay for glutathione-independent glyoxalases. Anal Biochem 2021; 630:114317. [PMID: 34391725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel continuous assay to quantitatively characterize the catalytic activity of type III methylglyoxalases, a family of enzymes that detoxify methylglyoxal. This assay is based on spectrophotometric detection of hemithioacetal which forms in the reversible reaction of methylglyoxal with dithiothreitol. Due to rapid interconversion between hemithioacetal and methylglyoxal and the known equilibrium constant, hemithioacetal can be quantified spectrophotometrically at 286 nm and used as a reporter for methylglyoxal. When the concentration of methylglyoxal decreases due to catalytic conversion by methylglyoxalases, the concentration of hemithioacetal concomitantly decreases due to its spontaneous decomposition driven by the shift in equilibrium position. Therefore, the rate of total methylglyoxal consumption is the sum of the rate of hemithioacetal decomposition determined spectrophotometrically and the rate of change of methylglyoxal calculated from known concentrations of hemithioacetal. Varying concentrations of dithiothreitol and methylglyoxal creates a broad range of free methylglyoxal in solution that is crucial for the reliable determination of Michaelis constants. We demonstrate the utility of this assay using several recombinant glyoxalases for which kinetic parameters have been determined. This cost-effective and simple assay offers advantages over the existing discontinuous methods and will be useful for quantitative characterization of catalytic activities of type III methylglyoxalases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiris Mulikova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanibek Bekkhozhin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizat Abdirassil
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Darkhan Utepbergenov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan; Biological Research Cluster, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan.
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8
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Balotf S, Wilson R, Tegg RS, Nichols DS, Wilson CR. Quantitative proteomics provides an insight into germination-related proteins in the obligate biotrophic plant pathogen Spongospora subterranea. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 13:521-532. [PMID: 33928759 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The soil-borne and obligate plant-associated nature of S. subterranea has hindered a detailed study of this pathogen and in particular, the regulatory pathways driving the germination of S. subterranea remain unknown. To better understand the mechanisms that control the transition from dormancy to germination, protein profiles between dormant and germination stimulant-treated resting spores were compared using label-free quantitative proteomics. Among the ~680 proteins identified 20 proteins were found to be differentially expressed during the germination of S. subterranea resting spores. Elongation factor Tu, histones (H2A and H15), proteasome and DJ-1_PfpI, involved in transcription and translation, were upregulated during the germination of resting spores. Downregulation of both actin and beta-tubulin proteins occurred in the germinating spores, indicating that the changes in the cell wall cytoskeleton may be necessary for the morphological changes during the germination of the resting spore in S. subterranea. Our findings provide new approaches for the study of these and similar recalcitrant micro-organisms provide the first insights into the basic protein components of S. subterranea spores. A better understanding of S. subterranea biology may lead to the development of novel approaches for the management of persistent soil inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Balotf
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, New Town Research Laboratories, University of Tasmania, New Town, Tas., 7008, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
| | - Robert S Tegg
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, New Town Research Laboratories, University of Tasmania, New Town, Tas., 7008, Australia
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., 7001, Australia
| | - Calum R Wilson
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, New Town Research Laboratories, University of Tasmania, New Town, Tas., 7008, Australia
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9
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Korpys-Woźniak P, Celińska E. Global transcriptome profiling reveals genes responding to overproduction of a small secretory, a high cysteine- and a high glycosylation-bearing protein in Yarrowia lipolytica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 31:e00646. [PMID: 34189064 PMCID: PMC8220174 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of a protein results in > 10-fold higher titer compared to its retention. Overproduction of rs-Prots induces oxidative stress and detoxification response. Excessive vacuolar protein degradation limits rs-Prot production in Y. lipolytica. Non-classical export protein NCE102 is upregulated upon rs-Prot overloading. Downregulation of cyclin CLN1 marks growth arrest in G1 under rs-Prot synthesis.
Investigation of the yeast cell’s response to recombinant secretory protein (rs-Prot) overproduction is relevant for both basic and applied research. Imbalance, overloading or stress within this process impacts the whole cell. In the present study, by using steady-state cultures and transcriptomics, we investigated the cellular response of Yarrowia lipolytica challenged with high-level expression of genes encoding proteins with significantly different biochemical characteristics: a small protein retained within the cell i) or secreted ii), a medium size secretory protein with a high number of disulfide bonds iii), or glycosylation sites iv). Extensive analysis of omics data, supported by careful manual curation, led to some anticipated observations on oxidative and unfolded protein stress (CTT1, PXMP2/4, HAC1), glycosylation (ALGs, KTRs, MNTs, MNNs), folding and translocation (SSAs, SSEs) but also generated new exciting knowledge on non-conventional protein secretion (NCE102), transcriptional regulators (FLO11, MHY1, D01353 g, RSFA, E23925g or MAF1), vacuolar proteolysis targets in Y. lipolytica (ATGs, VPSs, HSE1, PRB1, PRC1, PEP4) or growth arrest (CLN1) upon rs-Prots overproduction.
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10
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Jana GA, Krishnamurthy P, Kumar PP, Yaish MW. Functional characterization and expression profiling of glyoxalase III genes in date palm grown under abiotic stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:780-794. [PMID: 33034392 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG), a by-product of various metabolic processes, including glycolysis, is a highly reactive cytotoxic metabolite. The level of MG in the cell is maintained at a non-toxic level via MG detoxification pathways such as the universal glyoxalase system, including glyoxalase I/II/III enzymes. Glyoxalase III (DJ-1) can breakdown MG to d-lactate in a single step without reducing glutathione (GSH). Elucidating the function of the DJ-1 gene family may provide further knowledge about its role in plants under abiotic stresses. Here, we characterize four glyoxalase III genes (PdDJ-1B1, PdDJ-1B2, PdDJ-1C, and PdDJ-1D) encoding the conserved DJ-1 domain in the genome of the date palm, a crop with high drought and salinity tolerance. The expression level of the PdDJ-1 genes increased in date palm leaves upon salinity treatment. In addition, overexpression of PdDJ-1 genes in Escherichia coli and the complementation in yeast hsp31Δ knockout mutant cells enhanced their growth rate and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under MG and oxidative stress conditions as shown by the flow cytometry assay. Subcellular localization using confocal microscopy revealed the accumulation of PdDJ-1B1, PdDJ-1C, and PdDJ-1D in the chloroplast, whereas PdDJ-1B2 was localized to the cytosol. Remarkably, constitutive expression of the PdDJ-1C gene in Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia (Col-0) resulted in the generation of non-viable albino plants implying that PdDJ-1C plays a critical function in chloroplast development. These findings suggest that PdDJ-1 protein has an important function in MG-detoxification and maintaining the redox balance in date palm plants under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry A Jana
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahmoud W Yaish
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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11
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Tracing the Evolution of Plant Glyoxalase III Enzymes for Structural and Functional Divergence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050648. [PMID: 33922426 PMCID: PMC8170915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyoxalase pathway is the primary route for metabolism of methylglyoxal (MG), a toxic ubiquitous metabolite that affects redox homeostasis. It neutralizes MG using Glyoxalase I and Glyoxalase II (GLYI and GLYII) enzymes in the presence of reduced glutathione. In addition, there also exists a shorter route for the MG detoxification in the form of Glyoxalase III (GLYIII) enzymes, which can convert MG into D-lactate in a single-step without involving glutathione. GLYIII proteins in different systems demonstrate diverse functional capacities and play a vital role in oxidative stress response. To gain insight into their evolutionary patterns, here we studied the evolution of GLYIII enzymes across prokaryotes and eukaryotes, with special emphasis on plants. GLYIII proteins are characterized by the presence of DJ-1_PfpI domains thereby, belonging to the DJ-1_PfpI protein superfamily. Our analysis delineated evolution of double DJ-1_PfpI domains in plant GLYIII. Based on sequence and structural characteristics, plant GLYIII enzymes could be categorized into three different clusters, which followed different evolutionary trajectories. Importantly, GLYIII proteins from monocots and dicots group separately in each cluster and the each of the two domains of these proteins also cluster differentially. Overall, our findings suggested that GLYIII proteins have undergone significant evolutionary changes in plants, which is likely to confer diversity and flexibility in their functions.
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12
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Sircar E, Rai SR, Wilson MA, Schlossmacher MG, Sengupta R. Neurodegeneration: Impact of S-nitrosylated Parkin, DJ-1 and PINK1 on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108869. [PMID: 33819447 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorders of increasing global prevalence. It represents the second most common movement disorder after tremor and the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. The incidence rate of idiopathic PD increases steadily with age, however, some variants of autosomal recessive inheritance are present with an early age-at-onset (ARPD). Approximately 50 percent of ARPD cases have been linked to bi-allelic mutations in genes encoding Parkin, DJ-1, and PINK1. Each protein has been implicated in maintaining proper mitochondrial function, which is particularly important for neuronal health. Aberrant post-translational modifications of these proteins may disrupt their cellular functions and thus contributing to the development of idiopathic PD. Some post-translational modifictions can be attributed to the dysregulation of potentially harmful reactive oxygen and nitrogen species inside the cell, which promote oxidative and nitrosative stress, respectively. Unlike oxidative modifications, the covalent modification by Nitric Oxide under nitrosative stress, leading to S-nitrosylation of Parkin, DJ-1; and PINK1, is less studied. Here, we review the available literature on S-nitrosylation of these three proteins, their implications in the pathogenesis of PD, and provide an overview of currently known, denitrosylating systems in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Sircar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sristi Raj Rai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mark A Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- Program in Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Mencke P, Boussaad I, Romano CD, Kitami T, Linster CL, Krüger R. The Role of DJ-1 in Cellular Metabolism and Pathophysiological Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:347. [PMID: 33562311 PMCID: PMC7915027 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 is a multifunctional protein associated with pathomechanisms implicated in different chronic diseases including neurodegeneration, cancer and diabetes. Several of the physiological functions of DJ-1 are not yet fully understood; however, in the last years, there has been increasing evidence for a potential role of DJ-1 in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on specific functions of DJ-1 relevant to cellular metabolism and their role in modulating metabolic pathways. Further, we illustrate pathophysiological implications of the metabolic effects of DJ-1 in the context of neurodegeneration in Parkinson´s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Mencke
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Ibrahim Boussaad
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Chiara D. Romano
- Biospecimen Research Group, Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 3531 Dudelange, Luxembourg;
- Enzymology & Metabolism, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Toshimori Kitami
- RIKEN Outpost Laboratory, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Carole L. Linster
- Enzymology & Metabolism, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
- Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 1210 Luxembourg (Belair), Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
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Yeasts as Complementary Model Systems for the Study of the Pathological Repercussions of Enhanced Synphilin-1 Glycation and Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041677. [PMID: 33562355 PMCID: PMC7915245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Synphilin-1 has previously been identified as an interaction partner of α-Synuclein (αSyn), a primary constituent of neurodegenerative disease-linked Lewy bodies. In this study, the repercussions of a disrupted glyoxalase system and aldose reductase function on Synphilin-1 inclusion formation characteristics and cell growth were investigated. To this end, either fluorescent dsRed-tagged or non-tagged human SNCAIP, which encodes the Synphilin-1 protein, was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast strains devoid of enzymes Glo1, Glo2, and Gre3. Presented data shows that lack of Glo2 and Gre3 activity in S. cerevisiae increases the formation of large Synphilin-1 inclusions. This correlates with enhanced oxidative stress levels and an inhibitory effect on exponential growth, which is most likely caused by deregulation of autophagic degradation capacity, due to excessive Synphilin-1 aggresome build-up. These findings illustrate the detrimental impact of increased oxidation and glycation on Synphilin-1 inclusion formation. Similarly, polar-localised inclusions were observed in wild-type S. pombe cells and strains deleted for either glo1+ or glo2+. Contrary to S. cerevisiae, however, no growth defects were observed upon expression of SNCAIP. Altogether, our findings show the relevance of yeasts, especially S. cerevisiae, as complementary models to unravel mechanisms contributing to Synphilin-1 pathology in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Mohanan MV, Pushpanathan A, Sasikumar SPT, Selvarajan D, Jayanarayanan AN, R AK, Ramalingam S, Karuppasamy SN, Subbiah R, Ram B, Chinnaswamy A. Ectopic expression of DJ-1/PfpI domain containing Erianthus arundinaceus Glyoxalase III (EaGly III) enhances drought tolerance in sugarcane. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1581-1594. [PMID: 32876807 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane transgenic overexpressing EaGly III from Erianthus arundinaceus showed enhanced water deficit stress tolerance. Methylglyoxal (MG), an α-ketoaldehyde formed from either glycolysis or TCA cycle, is capable of causing total cellular damage via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and nucleic acid degradation. Glyoxalase pathway is a ubiquitous pathway known for detoxification of MG, involving key enzymes glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II). Recently, a novel and an additional enzyme in glyoxalase pathway, viz., glyoxalase III (Gly III), has been discovered which possesses DJ-1/PfpI domain recognized for detoxifying MG in a single step process without requirement of any coenzyme. In the present study, a Gly III gene isolated from Erianthus arundinaceus, a wild relative of sugarcane, overexpressed in commercially cultivated sugarcane hybrid Co 86032 was assessed for drought tolerance. Morphometric observations revealed that transgenic sugarcane overexpressing EaGly III acquired drought tolerance trait. Oxidative damage caused by triggering generation of ROS has been determined to be low in transgenic plants as compared to wild type (WT). Transgenics resulted in higher relative water content, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic efficiency, proline content and soluble sugars upon water deficit stress. In addition, higher and stable level of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were observed along with minimal lipid peroxidation during drought stress signifying the tolerance mechanism exhibited by transgenic events. There was no significant structural change observed in the root anatomy of transgenic plants. Altogether, EaGly III gene could be considered as a potential candidate for conferring water deficit stress tolerance for sugarcane and other agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anunanthini Pushpanathan
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641041, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Dharshini Selvarajan
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar R
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathishkumar Ramalingam
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641041, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ramanathan Subbiah
- Agro Climate Research Center, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bakshi Ram
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Appunu Chinnaswamy
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Meera SP, Augustine A. De novo transcriptome analysis of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. furnishes evidence for the existence of glyoxalase system correlated to glutathione metabolic enzymes and glutathione regulated transporter in salt tolerant mangroves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:683-696. [PMID: 32861035 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of a metabolic by product - methylglyoxal above a minimal range can be highly toxic in all organisms. Stress induced elevation in methylglyoxal inactivates proteins and nucleic acids. Glutathione dependent glyoxalase enzymes like glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II together with glutathione independent glyoxalase III play inevitable role in methylglyoxal detoxification. Glyoxalase genes are generally conserved but with obvious exceptions. Mangroves being potent harsh land inhabitants, their internal organelles are constantly been exposed to elevated levels of methylglyoxal. First and foremost it is important to detect the presence of glyoxalases in mangroves. De novo transcriptome analysis of mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata Lam., identified eleven putative glyoxalase proteins (RmGLYI-1 to 5, RmGLYII-1 to 5 and RmGLYIII). Molecular characterization proposed PLN02300 or PLN02367 as the key domains of RmGLYI proteins. They possess molecular weight ranging from 26.45 to 32.53 kDa and may localize in cytosol or chloroplast. RmGLYII proteins of molecular weight 28.64-36 kDa, carrying PLN02398 or PLN02469 domains are expected to be localized in diverse cellular compartments. Cytosolic RmGLYIII with DJ-1/PfpI domain carries a molecular weight 26.4 kDa. Detailed structural analysis revealed monomeric nature of RmGLYI-1 and RmGLYII-1 whereas RmGLYIII is found to be homodimer. Molecular phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignment specified conserved metal ion/substrate binding residues of RmGLY proteins. Estimation of relative expression of glyoxalases under salt stress indicated the prominence of RmGLYI and RmGLYII over RmGLYIII. The aforementioned prominence is supported by salt induced expression difference of glutathione metabolic enzymes and glutathione regulated transporter protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Meera
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Thalassery Campus, Palayad P.O., Kannur, 670661, Kerala, India
| | - Anu Augustine
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kannur University, Thalassery Campus, Palayad P.O., Kannur, 670661, Kerala, India.
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Nava-Ramírez T, Hansberg W. Chaperone activity of large-size subunit catalases. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:99-106. [PMID: 32502516 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Large-size subunit catalases (LSCs) have a C-terminal domain that is structurally similar to DJ-1 and Hsp31 proteins, which have well documented molecular chaperone activity. Like chaperones, LSCs are abundant proteins that are induced under stress conditions and during cell differentiation in different microorganisms. Here we document that the C-terminal domain of LSCs assist other proteins to preserve their active conformation. Heat, urea, or H2O2 denaturation of alcohol dehydrogenase was prevented by LSCs or the C-terminal domain of Catalase-3 (TDC3); in contrast, small-size subunit catalases (SSCs) or LSCs without the C-terminal domain (C3ΔTD or C63) did not have this effect. Similar results were obtained if the alcohol dehydrogenase was previously denatured by heat and then the different catalases or truncated enzymes were added. The TDC3 also protected both the C3ΔTD and the bovine liver catalase from heat denaturation. The chaperone activity of CAT-3 or the TDC3 increased survival of E. coli under different stress conditions whereas the C3ΔTD did not. It is concluded that the C-terminal domain of LSCs has a chaperone activity that is instrumental for cellular resistance to stress conditions, such as oxidative stress that leads to cell differentiation in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Nava-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico
| | - Wilhelm Hansberg
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Mexico.
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Preliminary Characterization of a Ni2+-Activated and Mycothiol-Dependent Glyoxalase I Enzyme from Streptomyces coelicolor. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7080099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase system consists of two enzymes, glyoxalase I (Glo1) and glyoxalase II (Glo2), and converts a hemithioacetal substrate formed between a cytotoxic alpha-ketoaldehyde, such as methylglyoxal (MG), and an intracellular thiol, such as glutathione, to a non-toxic alpha-hydroxy acid, such as d-lactate, and the regenerated thiol. Two classes of Glo1 have been identified. The first is a Zn2+-activated class and is exemplified by the Homo sapiens Glo1. The second class is a Ni2+-activated enzyme and is exemplified by the Escherichia coli Glo1. Glutathione is the intracellular thiol employed by Glo1 from both these sources. However, many organisms employ other intracellular thiols. These include trypanothione, bacillithiol, and mycothiol. The trypanothione-dependent Glo1 from Leishmania major has been shown to be Ni2+-activated. Genetic studies on Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium glutamicum focused on MG resistance have indicated the likely existence of Glo1 enzymes employing bacillithiol or mycothiol respectively, although no protein characterizations have been reported. The current investigation provides a preliminary characterization of an isolated mycothiol-dependent Glo1 from Streptomyces coelicolor. The enzyme has been determined to display a Ni2+-activation profile and indicates that Ni2+-activated Glo1 are indeed widespread in nature regardless of the intracellular thiol employed by an organism.
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Li T, Cheng X, Wang Y, Yin X, Li Z, Liu R, Liu G, Wang Y, Xu Y. Genome-wide analysis of glyoxalase-like gene families in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and their expression profiling in response to downy mildew infection. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:362. [PMID: 31072302 PMCID: PMC6509763 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glyoxalase system usually comprises two enzymes, glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII). This system converts cytotoxic methylglyoxal (MG) into non-toxic D-lactate in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) in two enzymatic steps. Recently, a novel type of glyoxalase III (GLYIII) activity has observed in Escherichia coli that can detoxify MG into D-lactate directly, in one step, without a cofactor. Investigation of the glyoxalase enzymes of a number of plant species shows the importance of their roles in response both to abiotic and to biotic stresses. Until now, glyoxalase gene families have been identified in the genomes of four plants, Arabidopsis, Oryza sativa, Glycine max and Medicago truncatula but no similar study has been done with the grapevine Vitis vinifera L. RESULTS In this study, four GLYI-like, two GLYII-like and three GLYIII-like genes are identified from the genome database of grape. All these genes were analysed in detail, including their chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, exon-intron distributions, protein domain organisations and the presence of conserved binding sites. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR), the expression profiles of these genes were analysed in different tissues of grape, and also when under infection stress from downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). The study reveals that most VvGLY-like genes had higher expressions in stem, leaf, tendril and ovule but lower expressions in the flower. In addition, most of the VvGLY-like gene members were P. viticola responsive with high expressions 6-12 h and 96-120 h after inoculation. However, VvGLYI-like1 was highly expressed 48 h after inoculation, similar to VvPR1 and VvNPR1 which are involved in the defence response. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the GLYI-like, GLYII-like and GLYIII-like full gene families of the grapevine. Based on a phylogenetic analysis and the presence of conserved binding sites, we speculate that these glyoxalase-like genes in grape encode active glyoxalases. Moreover, our study provides a basis for discussing the roles of VvGLYI-like, VvGLYII-like and VvGLYIII-like genes in grape's response to downy mildew infection. Our results shed light on the selection of candidate genes for downy mildew tolerance in grape and lay the foundation for further functional investigations of these glyoxalase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemei Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Guotian Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
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Natkańska U, Skoneczna A, Skoneczny M. Oxidative stress triggers aggregation of GFP-tagged Hsp31p, the budding yeast environmental stress response chaperone, and glyoxalase III. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:595-607. [PMID: 29264711 PMCID: PMC6045530 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp31p protein belongs to the ubiquitous DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI family. The most prominent member of this family is human DJ-1; defects of this protein are associated with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Numerous recent findings reported by our group and others have revealed the importance of Hsp31p for survival in the post-diauxic phase of cell growth and under diverse environmental stresses. Hsp31p was shown to possess glutathione-independent glyoxalase III activity and to function as a protein chaperone, suggesting that it has multiple cellular roles. Our previous work also revealed that HSP31 gene expression was controlled by multiple stress-related transcription factors, which mediated HSP31 promoter responses to oxidative, osmotic, and thermal stresses, toxic products of glycolysis, and the diauxic shift. Nevertheless, the exact role of Hsp31p within budding yeast cells remains elusive. Here, we aimed to obtain insights into the function of Hsp31p based on its intracellular localization. We have demonstrated that the Hsp31p-GFP fusion protein is localized to the cytosol under most environmental conditions and that it becomes particulate in response to oxidative stress. However, the particles do not colocalize with other granular subcellular structures present in budding yeast cells. The observed particulate localization does not seem to be important for Hsp31p functionality. Instead, it is likely the result of oxidative damage, as the particle abundance increases when Hsp31p is nonfunctional, when the cellular oxidative stress response is affected, or when cellular maintenance systems that optimize the state of the proteome are compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Natkańska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland.
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Richarme G, Abdallah J, Mathas N, Gautier V, Dairou J. Further characterization of the Maillard deglycase DJ-1 and its prokaryotic homologs, deglycase 1/Hsp31, deglycase 2/YhbO, and deglycase 3/YajL. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:703-709. [PMID: 29932913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We reported recently that the Parkinsonism-associated protein DJ-1 and its bacterial homologs Hsp31, YhbO and YajL function as deglycases that repair proteins and nucleotides from endogeneous glycation by glyoxal and methylglyoxal, two reactive by-products of glucose metabolism responsible for up to 60% of glycation damage. Here, we show that DJ-1, deglycase 1 and deglycase 2 repair glyoxal- and methylglyoxal-glycated substrates, whereas deglycase 3 principally repairs glyoxal-glycated substrates. Moreover, deglycase 1 and 2 are overexpressed in stationary phase, whereas deglycase 3 is steadily expressed throughout bacterial growth. Finally, deglycase mutants overexpress glyoxalases, aldoketoreductases, glutathione-S-transferase and efflux pumps to alleviate carbonyl stress. In the discussion, we present an overview of the multiple functions of DJ-1 proteins. Our thourough work on deglycases provides compelling evidence that their previously reported glyoxalase III activity merely reflects their deglycase activity. Moreover, for their deglycase activity the Maillard deglycases likely recruit: i) their chaperone activity to interact with glycated proteins, ii) glyoxalase 1 activity to catalyze the rearrangement of Maillard products (aminocarbinols and hemithioacetals) into amides and thioesters, respectively, iii) their protease activity to cleave amide bonds of glycated arginine, lysine and guanine, and iv) glyoxalase 2 activity to cleave thioester bonds of glycated cysteine. Finally, because glycation affects many cellular processes, the discovery of the Maillard deglycases, awaited since 1912, likely constitutes a major advance for medical research, including ageing, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative, post-diabetic, renal and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Richarme
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75270, Paris, France.
| | - Jad Abdallah
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 2038 1401, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Mathas
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75270, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Gautier
- Stress Molecules, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot-UMR7592, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dairou
- UMR 8601 CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75270, Paris, France
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Structural Biology of the DJ-1 Superfamily. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1037:5-24. [PMID: 29147900 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6583-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The DJ-1 (also called the DJ-1/PfpI, ThiJ/PfpI, or DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI) superfamily is a structural and functional diverse group of proteins that are present in most organisms. Many of these proteins remain poorly characterized at the biochemical level, but include some known chaperones, proteases, and various stress response proteins that remain mechanistically mysterious. This chapter outlines what is known from a structural perspective about the cellular and biochemical functions of many of these proteins from distinct clades of the superfamily in several organisms. In humans, DJ-1 appears to function primarily as a redox-responsive protein that may act as a sensor for imbalances in cellular redox state. Because mutations in human DJ-1 cause certain types of heritable Parkinson's disease, the role of oxidative posttranslational modifications and pathogenic mutations in human DJ-1 is emphasized in the latter sections of this chapter.
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Islam T, Ghosh A. Genome-wide dissection and expression profiling of unique glyoxalase III genes in soybean reveal the differential pattern of transcriptional regulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4848. [PMID: 29555947 PMCID: PMC5859077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species, such as methylglyoxal and glyoxal are very toxic in nature and can inactivate various cellular macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and protein by forming advanced glycation end products. Conventional glyoxalase pathway with two enzymes- glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II, detoxify MG into D-lactate with the help of reduced glutathione. However, DJ-1/PfpI domain(s) containing DJ-1/ Hsp31 proteins do the same in a single step, and thus termed as "glyoxalase III". A comprehensive genome-wide analysis of soybean identified eleven putative glyoxalase III proteins with DJ-1/PfpI domain encoded by seven genes. Most of these proteins are predicted to be mitochondria and chloroplast localized. In spite of similar function, a differential evolution pattern was observed between Hsp31 and DJ-1 proteins. Expression of GmDJ-1A, GmDJ-1B, and GmDJ-1D2 transcripts was found to be constitutive in different tissues and developmental stages. Transcript profiling revealed the strong substrate-specific upregulation of GmDJ-1 genes in response to exogenous methylglyoxal exposure. Out of seven genes, GmDJ-1D1 and GmDJ-1D2 showed maximum upregulation against salinity, dehydration, and oxidative stresses. Moreover, GmDJ-1D2 showed functional glyoxalase III enzyme activity by utilizing MG as a substrate. Overall, this study identifies some novel tissue-specific and abiotic stress-responsive GmDJ-1 genes that could be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Islam
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ajit Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, 50829, Germany.
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Jain M, Munoz-Bodnar A, Gabriel DW. Concomitant Loss of the Glyoxalase System and Glycolysis Makes the Uncultured Pathogen "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" an Energy Scavenger. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e01670-17. [PMID: 28939611 PMCID: PMC5691416 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01670-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a cytotoxic, nonenzymatic by-product of glycolysis that readily glycates proteins and DNA, resulting in carbonyl stress. Glyoxalase I and II (GloA and GloB) sequentially convert MG into d-lactic acid using glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. The glyoxalase system is essential for the mitigation of MG-induced carbonyl stress, preventing subsequent cell death, and recycling GSH for maintenance of cellular redox poise. All pathogenic liberibacters identified to date are uncultured, including "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus," a psyllid endosymbiont and causal agent of the severely damaging citrus disease "huanglongbing." In silico analysis revealed the absence of gloA in "Ca Liberibacter asiaticus" and all other pathogenic liberibacters. Both gloA and gloB are present in Liberibacter crescens, the only liberibacter that has been cultured. L. crescens GloA was functional in a heterologous host. Marker interruption of gloA in L. crescens appeared to be lethal. Key glycolytic enzymes were either missing or significantly downregulated in "Ca Liberibacter asiaticus" compared to (cultured) L. crescens Marker interruption of sut, a sucrose transporter gene in L. crescens, decreased its ability to take up exogenously supplied sucrose in culture. "Ca Liberibacter asiaticus" lacks a homologous sugar transporter but has a functional ATP/ADP translocase, enabling it to thrive both in psyllids and in the sugar-rich citrus phloem by (i) avoiding sucrose uptake, (ii) avoiding MG generation via glycolysis, and (iii) directly importing ATP from the host cell. MG detoxification enzymes appear to be predictive of "Candidatus" status for many uncultured pathogenic and environmental bacteria.IMPORTANCE Discovered more than 100 years ago, the glyoxalase system is thought to be present across all domains of life and fundamental to cellular growth and viability. The glyoxalase system protects against carbonyl stress caused by methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive, mutagenic and cytotoxic compound that is nonenzymatically formed as a by-product of glycolysis. The uncultured alphaproteobacterium "Ca Liberibacter asiaticus" is a well-adapted endosymbiont of the Asian citrus psyllid, which transmits the severely damaging citrus disease "huanglongbing." "Ca Liberibacter asiaticus" lacks a functional glyoxalase pathway. We report here that the bacterium is able to thrive both in psyllids and in the sugar-rich citrus phloem by (i) avoiding sucrose uptake, (ii) avoiding (significant) MG generation via glycolysis, and (iii) directly importing ATP from the host cell. We hypothesize that failure to culture "Ca Liberibacter asiaticus" is at least partly due to its dependence on host cells for both ATP and MG detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Dean W Gabriel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Structural and functional studies of SAV0551 from Staphylococcus aureus as a chaperone and glyoxalase III. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171106. [PMID: 29046369 PMCID: PMC5691139 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily of proteins is highly conserved across all biological kingdoms showing divergent multifunctions, such as chaperone, catalase, protease, and kinase. The common theme of these functions is responding to and managing various cellular stresses. DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily members are classified into three subfamilies according to their quaternary structure (DJ-1-, YhbO-, and Hsp-types). The Hsp-type subfamily includes Hsp31, a chaperone and glyoxalase III. SAV0551, an Hsp-type subfamily member from Staphylococcus aureus, is a hypothetical protein that is predicted as Hsp31. Thus, to reveal the function and reaction mechanism of SAV0551, the crystal structure of SAV0551 was determined. The overall folds in SAV0551 are similar to other members of the Hsp-type subfamily. We have shown that SAV0551 functions as a chaperone and that the surface structure is crucial for holding unfolded substrates. As many DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily proteins have been characterized as glyoxalase III, our study also demonstrates SAV0551 as a glyoxalase III that is independent of any cofactors. The reaction mechanism was evaluated via a glyoxylate-bound structure that mimics the hemithioacetal reaction intermediate. We have confirmed that the components required for reaction are present in the structure, including a catalytic triad for a catalytic action, His78 as a base, and a water molecule for hydrolysis. Our functional studies based on the crystal structures of native and glyoxylate-bound SAV0551 will provide a better understanding of the reaction mechanism of a chaperone and glyoxalase III.
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Aslam K, Hazbun TR. Hsp31, a member of the DJ-1 superfamily, is a multitasking stress responder with chaperone activity. Prion 2017; 10:103-11. [PMID: 27097320 PMCID: PMC4981205 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2016.1141858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among different types of protein aggregation, amyloids are a biochemically well characterized state of protein aggregation that are associated with a large number of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an insightful model to understand the underlying mechanism of protein aggregation. Many yeast molecular chaperones can modulate aggregation and misfolding of proteins including α-Syn and the Sup35 prion. Hsp31 is a homodimeric protein structurally similar to human DJ-1, a Parkinson's disease-linked protein, and both are members of the DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI superfamily. An emerging view is that Hsp31 and its associated superfamily members each have divergent multitasking functions that have the common theme of responding and managing various types of cellular stress. Hsp31 has several biochemical activities including chaperone and detoxifying enzyme activities that modulate at various points of a stress pathway such as toxicity associated with protein misfolding. However, we have shown the protective role of Hsp31's chaperone activity can operate independent of detoxifying enzyme activities in preventing the early stages of protein aggregate formation and associated cellular toxicities. We provide additional data that collectively supports the multiple functional roles that can be accomplished independent of each other. We present data indicating Hsp31 purified from yeast is more active compared to expression and purification from E. coli suggesting that posttranslational modifications could be important for Hsp31 to be fully active. We also compare the similarities and differences in activities among paralogs of Hsp31 supporting a model in which this protein family has overlapping but diverging roles in responding to various sources of cellular stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Aslam
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - Tony R Hazbun
- a Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
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Hauser DN, Primiani CT, Cookson MR. The Effects of Variants in the Parkin, PINK1, and DJ-1 Genes along with Evidence for their Pathogenicity. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2017; 18:702-714. [PMID: 26965687 DOI: 10.2174/1389203717666160311121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early onset Parkinson's disease can be caused by variants in the PINK1, Parkin, and DJ-1 genes. Since their initial discoveries, hundreds of variants have been found in these genes that are associated with a Parkinsonian phenotype. This review will briefly discuss the functions of the protein products of the three genes, then focus on the effects that disease associated variants have on these functions. We will also discuss how experimental findings can help decide whether individual variants are pathogenic or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Hauser
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, United States
| | - Christopher T Primiani
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, United States
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, NIA, Building 35, Room 1A116, 5 Convent Drive, MSC 3707, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707, United States
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Kaur C, Sharma S, Hasan MR, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL, Sopory SK. Characteristic Variations and Similarities in Biochemical, Molecular, and Functional Properties of Glyoxalases across Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040250. [PMID: 28358304 PMCID: PMC5412262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase system is the ubiquitous pathway for the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) in the biological systems. It comprises two enzymes, glyoxalase I (GLYI) and glyoxalase II (GLYII), which act sequentially to convert MG into d-lactate, thereby helping living systems get rid of this otherwise cytotoxic byproduct of metabolism. In addition, a glutathione-independent GLYIII enzyme activity also exists in the biological systems that can directly convert MG to d-lactate. Humans and Escherichia coli possess a single copy of GLYI (encoding either the Ni- or Zn-dependent form) and GLYII genes, which through MG detoxification provide protection against various pathological and disease conditions. By contrast, the plant genome possesses multiple GLYI and GLYII genes with a role in abiotic stress tolerance. Plants possess both Ni2+- and Zn2+-dependent forms of GLYI, and studies on plant glyoxalases reveal the various unique features of these enzymes distinguishing them from prokaryotic and other eukaryotic glyoxalases. Through this review, we provide an overview of the plant glyoxalase family along with a comparative analysis of glyoxalases across various species, highlighting similarities as well as differences in the biochemical, molecular, and physiological properties of these enzymes. We believe that the evolution of multiple glyoxalases isoforms in plants is an important component of their robust defense strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanpreet Kaur
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
| | - Mohammad Rokebul Hasan
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Plant Stress Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Natkańska U, Skoneczna A, Sieńko M, Skoneczny M. The budding yeast orthologue of Parkinson's disease-associated DJ-1 is a multi-stress response protein protecting cells against toxic glycolytic products. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ghosh A, Kushwaha HR, Hasan MR, Pareek A, Sopory SK, Singla-Pareek SL. Presence of unique glyoxalase III proteins in plants indicates the existence of shorter route for methylglyoxal detoxification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18358. [PMID: 26732528 PMCID: PMC4702089 DOI: 10.1038/srep18358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyoxalase pathway, comprising glyoxalase I (GLY I) and glyoxalase II (GLY II) enzymes, is the major pathway for detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG) into D-lactate involving reduced glutathione (GSH). However, in bacteria, glyoxalase III (GLY III) with DJ-1/PfpI domain(s) can do the same conversion in a single step without GSH. Our investigations for the presence of DJ-1/PfpI domain containing proteins in plants have indicated the existence of GLY III-like proteins in monocots, dicots, lycopods, gymnosperm and bryophytes. A deeper in silico analysis of rice genome identified twelve DJ-1 proteins encoded by six genes. Detailed analysis has been carried out including their chromosomal distribution, genomic architecture and localization. Transcript profiling under multiple stress conditions indicated strong induction of OsDJ-1 in response to exogenous MG. A member of OsDJ-1 family, OsDJ-1C, showed high constitutive expression at all developmental stages and tissues of rice. MG depletion study complemented by simultaneous formation of D-lactate proved OsDJ-1C to be a GLY III enzyme that converts MG directly into D-lactate in a GSH-independent manner. Site directed mutagenesis of Cys-119 to Alanine significantly reduces its GLY III activity indicating towards the existence of functional GLY III enzyme in rice—a shorter route for MG detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Ghosh
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.,Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh
| | - Hemant R Kushwaha
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Mohammad R Hasan
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
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Su Y, Chen C, Huang L, Yan J, Huang Y. Schizosaccharomyces pombe Homologs of Human DJ-1 Are Stationary Phase-Associated Proteins That Are Involved in Autophagy and Oxidative Stress Resistance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143888. [PMID: 26624998 PMCID: PMC4666628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Parkinson′s disease protein DJ-1 is involved in various cellular functions including detoxification of dicarbonyl compounds, autophagy and oxidative stress response. DJ-1 homologs are widely found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, constituting a superfamily of proteins that appear to be involved in stress response. Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains six DJ-1 homologs, designated Hsp3101-Hsp3105 and Sdj1 (previously named SpDJ-1). Here we show that deletion of any one of these six genes somehow affects autophagy during prolonged stationary phase. Furthermore, deletions of each of these DJ-1 homologs result in reduced stationary phase survival. Deletion of sdj1 also increases the sensitivity of stationary-phase cells to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) whereas overexpression of sdj1 has the opposite effect. Consistent with their role in stationary phase, expression of hsp3101, hsp3102, hsp3105 and sdj1, and to a lesser extent hsp3103 and hsp3104, is increased in stationary phase. The induction of hsp3101, hsp3102, hsp3105 and sdj1 involves the Sty1-regulated transcription factor Atf1 but not the transcription factor Pap1. Our results firmly establish that S. pombe homologs of DJ-1 are stationary-phase associated proteins and are likely involved in autophagy and antioxidant defense in stationary phase of S. pombe cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linting Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genetics, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
AbstractThe glyoxalase enzyme system utilizes intracellular thiols such as glutathione to convert α-ketoaldehydes, such as methylglyoxal, into D-hydroxyacids. This overview discusses several main aspects of the glyoxalase system and its likely function in the cell. The control of methylglyoxal levels in the cell is an important biochemical imperative and high levels have been associated with major medical symptoms that relate to this metabolite’s capability to covalently modify proteins, lipids and nucleic acid.
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Bankapalli K, Saladi S, Awadia SS, Goswami AV, Samaddar M, D'Silva P. Robust glyoxalase activity of Hsp31, a ThiJ/DJ-1/PfpI family member protein, is critical for oxidative stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26491-507. [PMID: 26370081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive metabolic intermediate generated during various cellular biochemical reactions, including glycolysis. The accumulation of MG indiscriminately modifies proteins, including important cellular antioxidant machinery, leading to severe oxidative stress, which is implicated in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and cardiac disorders. Although cells possess efficient glyoxalase systems for detoxification, their functions are largely dependent on the glutathione cofactor, the availability of which is self-limiting under oxidative stress. Thus, higher organisms require alternate modes of reducing the MG-mediated toxicity and maintaining redox balance. In this report, we demonstrate that Hsp31 protein, a member of the ThiJ/DJ-1/PfpI family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, plays an indispensable role in regulating redox homeostasis. Our results show that Hsp31 possesses robust glutathione-independent methylglyoxalase activity and suppresses MG-mediated toxicity and ROS levels as compared with another paralog, Hsp34. On the other hand, glyoxalase-defective mutants of Hsp31 were found highly compromised in regulating the ROS levels. Additionally, Hsp31 maintains cellular glutathione and NADPH levels, thus conferring protection against oxidative stress, and Hsp31 relocalizes to mitochondria to provide cytoprotection to the organelle under oxidative stress conditions. Importantly, human DJ-1, which is implicated in the familial form of Parkinson disease, complements the function of Hsp31 by suppressing methylglyoxal and oxidative stress, thus signifying the importance of these proteins in the maintenance of ROS homeostasis across phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondalarao Bankapalli
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - SreeDivya Saladi
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sahezeel S Awadia
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Arvind Vittal Goswami
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Madhuja Samaddar
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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Tsai CJ, Aslam K, Drendel HM, Asiago JM, Goode KM, Paul LN, Rochet JC, Hazbun TR. Hsp31 Is a Stress Response Chaperone That Intervenes in the Protein Misfolding Process. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24816-34. [PMID: 26306045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae heat shock protein Hsp31 is a stress-inducible homodimeric protein that is involved in diauxic shift reprogramming and has glyoxalase activity. We show that substoichiometric concentrations of Hsp31 can abrogate aggregation of a broad array of substrates in vitro. Hsp31 also modulates the aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn), a target of the chaperone activity of human DJ-1, an Hsp31 homolog. We demonstrate that Hsp31 is able to suppress the in vitro fibrillization or aggregation of αSyn, citrate synthase and insulin. Chaperone activity was also observed in vivo because constitutive overexpression of Hsp31 reduced the incidence of αSyn cytoplasmic foci, and yeast cells were rescued from αSyn-generated proteotoxicity upon Hsp31 overexpression. Moreover, we showed that Hsp31 protein levels are increased by H2O2, in the diauxic phase of normal growth conditions, and in cells under αSyn-mediated proteotoxic stress. We show that Hsp31 chaperone activity and not the methylglyoxalase activity or the autophagy pathway drives the protective effects. We also demonstrate reduced aggregation of the Sup35 prion domain, PrD-Sup35, as visualized by fluorescent protein fusions. In addition, Hsp31 acts on its substrates prior to the formation of large aggregates because Hsp31 does not mutually localize with prion aggregates, and it prevents the formation of detectable in vitro αSyn fibrils. These studies establish that the protective role of Hsp31 against cellular stress is achieved by chaperone activity that intervenes early in the protein misfolding process and is effective on a wide spectrum of substrate proteins, including αSyn and prion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai-Jui Tsai
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research and
| | - Kiran Aslam
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research and
| | - Holli M Drendel
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research and
| | - Josephat M Asiago
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research and
| | - Kourtney M Goode
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research and
| | - Lake N Paul
- the Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research and
| | - Tony R Hazbun
- From the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research and
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Mihoub M, Abdallah J, Gontero B, Dairou J, Richarme G. The DJ-1 superfamily member Hsp31 repairs proteins from glycation by methylglyoxal and glyoxal. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1305-10. [PMID: 26102038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hsp31 belongs to the PfpI/Hsp31/DJ-1 superfamily, and has been reported to display chaperone, peptidase and glutathione-independent glyoxalase activities. Here, we show that Hsp31 repairs glyoxal- and methylglyoxal-glycated amino acids and proteins and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Hsp31 deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine by acting on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminocarbinols) and prevents the formation of Schiff bases and advanced glycation endproducts. Hsp31 repairs glycated serum albumin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose biphosphate aldolase and aspartate aminotransferase. Moreover, we show that bacterial extracts from the hchA mutant display increased glycation levels and that the apparent glyoxalase activity of Hsp31 reflects its deglycase activity. Our results suggest that other Hsp31 members, previously characterized as glutathione-independent glyoxalases, likely function as protein deglycases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouadh Mihoub
- Stress Molecules, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7592, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jad Abdallah
- Stress Molecules, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7592, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Julien Dairou
- Stress Molecules, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7592, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gilbert Richarme
- Stress Molecules, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7592, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, France.
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Takahashi-Niki K, Kato-Ose I, Murata H, Maita H, Iguchi-Ariga SMM, Ariga H. Epidermal Growth Factor-dependent Activation of the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Pathway by DJ-1 Protein through Its Direct Binding to c-Raf Protein. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17838-17847. [PMID: 26048984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.666271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 is an oncogene and also a causative gene for familial Parkinson disease. DJ-1 has various functions, and the oxidative status of cysteine at position 106 (Cys-106) is crucial for determination of the activation level of DJ-1. Although DJ-1 requires activated Ras for its oncogenic activity and although it activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, a cell growth pathway downstream of Ras, the precise mechanism underlying activation of the ERK pathway by DJ-1 is still not known. In this study, we found that DJ-1 directly bound to the kinase domain of c-Raf but not to Ras and that Cys-106 mutant DJ-1 bound to c-Raf more weakly than did wild-type DJ-1. Co-localization of DJ-1 with c-Raf in the cytoplasm was enhanced in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-treated cells. Knockdown of DJ-1 expression attenuated the phosphorylation level of c-Raf in EGF-treated cells, resulting in reduced activation of MEK and ERK1/2. Although EGF-treated DJ-1 knock-out cells also showed attenuated c-Raf activation, reintroduction of wild-type DJ-1, but not C106S DJ-1, into DJ-1 knock-out cells restored c-Raf activation in a DJ-1 binding activity in a c-Raf-dependent manner. DJ-1 was not responsible for activation of c-Raf in phorbol myristate acetate-treated cells. Furthermore, DJ-1 stimulated self-phosphorylation activity of c-Raf in vitro, but DJ-1 was not a target for Raf kinase. Oxidation of Cys-106 in DJ-1 was not affected by EGF treatment. These findings showed that DJ-1 is a positive regulator of the EGF/Ras/ERK pathway through targeting c-Raf.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izumi Kato-Ose
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Hiroaki Murata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | - Hiroshi Maita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812
| | | | - Hiroyoshi Ariga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812.
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