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Cook GM, Brown K, Shang P, Li Y, Soday L, Dinan AM, Tumescheit C, Mockett APA, Fang Y, Firth AE, Brierley I. Ribosome profiling of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus reveals novel features of viral gene expression. eLife 2022; 11:e75668. [PMID: 35226596 PMCID: PMC9000960 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The arterivirus porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Here we apply ribosome profiling (RiboSeq) and parallel RNA sequencing (RNASeq) to characterise the transcriptome and translatome of both species of PRRSV and to analyse the host response to infection. We calculated programmed ribosomal frameshift (PRF) efficiency at both sites on the viral genome. This revealed the nsp2 PRF site as the second known example where temporally regulated frameshifting occurs, with increasing -2 PRF efficiency likely facilitated by accumulation of the PRF-stimulatory viral protein, nsp1β. Surprisingly, we find that PRF efficiency at the canonical ORF1ab frameshift site also increases over time, in contradiction of the common assumption that RNA structure-directed frameshift sites operate at a fixed efficiency. This has potential implications for the numerous other viruses with canonical PRF sites. Furthermore, we discovered several highly translated additional viral ORFs, the translation of which may be facilitated by multiple novel viral transcripts. For example, we found a highly expressed 125-codon ORF overlapping nsp12, which is likely translated from novel subgenomic RNA transcripts that overlap the 3' end of ORF1b. Similar transcripts were discovered for both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2, suggesting a potential conserved mechanism for temporally regulating expression of the 3'-proximal region of ORF1b. We also identified a highly translated, short upstream ORF in the 5' UTR, the presence of which is highly conserved amongst PRRSV-2 isolates. These findings reveal hidden complexity in the gene expression programmes of these important nidoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M Cook
- Department of Pathology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Katherine Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Pengcheng Shang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State UniversityManhattanUnited States
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State UniversityManhattanUnited States
| | - Lior Soday
- Department of Pathology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Adam M Dinan
- Department of Pathology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ying Fang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State UniversityManhattanUnited States
| | - Andrew E Firth
- Department of Pathology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian Brierley
- Department of Pathology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection upregulates negative immune regulators and T-cell exhaustion markers. J Virol 2021; 95:e0105221. [PMID: 34379512 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01052-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) is one of the primary cellular targets for PRRSV, but less than 2% of PAMs are infected with the virus during the acute stage of infection. To comparatively analyze the host transcriptional response between PRRSV-infected PAMs and bystanders PAMs that remained uninfected but were exposed to the inflammatory milieu of an infected lung, pigs were infected with a PRRSV strain expressing green fluorescent protein (PRRSV-GFP) and GFP+ (PRRSV infected) and GFP- (bystander) cells were sorted for RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Approximately 4.2% of RNA reads from GFP+ and 0.06% reads from GFP- PAMs mapped to the PRRSV genome, indicating that PRRSV-infected PAMs were effectively separated from bystander PAMs. Further analysis revealed that inflammatory cytokines, interferon-stimulated genes, and antiviral genes were highly upregulated in GFP+ as compared to GFP- PAMs. Importantly, negative immune regulators including NF-κB inhibitors (NFKBIA, NFKBID, NFKBIZ, and TNFAIP3), and T-cell exhaustion markers (PD-L1, PD-L2, IL10, IDO1, and TGFB2) were highly upregulated in GFP+ cells as compared to GFP- cells. By using in situ hybridization assay, RNA transcripts of TNF and NF-κB inhibitors were detected in PRRSV-infected PAMs cultured ex vivo and lung sections of PRRSV-infected pigs during the acute stage of infection. Collectively, the results suggest that PRRSV infection upregulates expression of negative immune regulators and T-cell exhaustion markers in PAMs to modulate the host immune response. Our findings provide further insight into PRRSV immunopathogenesis. Importance PRRSV is widespread in many swine producing countries, causing substantial economic loses to the swine industry. PAM is considered the primary target for PRRSV replication in pigs. However, less than 2% of PAM from an acutely infected pigs are infected with the virus. In the present study, we utilized a PRRSV-GFP strain to infect pigs and sorted infected- and bystander- PAMs from the pigs during the acute stage of infection for transcriptome analysis. PRRSV infected PAMs showed a distinctive gene expression profile and contained many uniquely activated pathways compared to bystander PAMs. Interestingly, upregulated expression of and NF-κB signaling inhibitors and T-cell exhaustion molecules were observed in PRRSV-infected PAMs. Our findings provide additional knowledge on the mechanisms that PRRSV employs to modulate the host immune system.
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Crisci E, Moroldo M, Vu Manh TP, Mohammad A, Jourdren L, Urien C, Bouguyon E, Bordet E, Bevilacqua C, Bourge M, Pezant J, Pléau A, Boulesteix O, Schwartz I, Bertho N, Giuffra E. Distinctive Cellular and Metabolic Reprogramming in Porcine Lung Mononuclear Phagocytes Infected With Type 1 PRRSV Strains. Front Immunol 2020; 11:588411. [PMID: 33365028 PMCID: PMC7750501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has an extensive impact on pig production. The causative virus (PRRSV) is divided into two species, PRRSV-1 (European origin) and PRRSV-2 (North American origin). Within PRRSV-1, PRRSV-1.3 strains, such as Lena, are more pathogenic than PRRSV-1.1 strains, such as Flanders 13 (FL13). To date, the molecular interactions of PRRSV with primary lung mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subtypes, including conventional dendritic cells types 1 (cDC1) and 2 (cDC2), monocyte-derived DCs (moDC), and pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIM), have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we analyze the transcriptome profiles of in vivo FL13-infected parenchymal MNP subpopulations and of in vitro FL13- and Lena-infected parenchymal MNP. The cell-specific expression profiles of in vivo sorted cells correlated with their murine counterparts (AM, cDC1, cDC2, moDC) with the exception of PIM. Both in vivo and in vitro, FL13 infection altered the expression of a low number of host genes, and in vitro infection with Lena confirmed the higher ability of this strain to modulate host response. Machine learning (ML) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) unraveled additional relevant genes and pathways modulated by FL13 infection that were not identified by conventional analyses. GSEA increased the cellular pathways enriched in the FL13 data set, but ML allowed a more complete comprehension of functional profiles during FL13 in vitro infection. Data indicates that cellular reprogramming differs upon Lena and FL13 infection and that the latter might keep antiviral and inflammatory macrophage/DC functions silent. Although the slow replication kinetics of FL13 likely contribute to differences in cellular gene expression, the data suggest distinct mechanisms of interaction of the two viruses with the innate immune system during early infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Crisci
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marco Moroldo
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Ammara Mohammad
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jourdren
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Celine Urien
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edwige Bouguyon
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elise Bordet
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Claudia Bevilacqua
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mickael Bourge
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérémy Pezant
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, Centre Val de Loire, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alexis Pléau
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, Centre Val de Loire, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Olivier Boulesteix
- Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale-PFIE-UE1277, Centre Val de Loire, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Schwartz
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elisabetta Giuffra
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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4
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Wang R, Xiao Y, Zhang Q, Bai L, Wang W, Zhao S, Liu E. Upregulation of HMGB1 secretion in lungs of pigs infected by highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 2020; 252:108922. [PMID: 33221069 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains a major driver for substantial economic losses to the swine industry across the world. Pulmonary inflammatory injury is a common manifestation in infected pigs. Previous studies reported that PRRS virus (PRRSV) induces secretion of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a proinflammatory factor, in cultured cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether HMGB1 secretion is associated with PRRSV-induced pulmonary inflammatory responses in the early stage of infection in vivo. Three-week-old piglets were inoculated with either HuN4, a highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) strain, or CH1R, an avirulent PRRSV vaccine strain. Necropsy was performed at 7 days post-infection. The results showed that HuN4 significantly induced the secretion of HMGB1 and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). HuN4 infection induced severe interstitial pneumonia in the pigs. In contrast, pigs infected by CH1R had mild lung inflammation with minimal HMGB1 secretion. In addition, high viral load of HuN4 was detected in both pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and lung tissue, whereas viral RNA of CH1R was confined to PAMs. In consistent with the pneumonia development, HuN4 induced inflammatory cytokines in both PAMs and lung tissue, while their expression in CH1R-infected pigs confined only to PAMs. These results indicate that the HuN4-induced HMGB1 secretion into BALF may enhance the pulmonary inflammatory response and exacerbate the lung injury. This finding provides insights to the inflammatory response and pathogenesis of the HP-PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yueqiang Xiao
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Chaudhari J, Liew CS, Workman AM, Riethoven JJM, Steffen D, Sillman S, Vu HLX. Host Transcriptional Response to Persistent Infection with a Live-Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080817. [PMID: 32731586 PMCID: PMC7474429 DOI: 10.3390/v12080817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both virulent and live-attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains can establish persistent infection in lymphoid tissues of pigs. To investigate the mechanisms of PRRSV persistence, we performed a transcriptional analysis of inguinal lymphoid tissue collected from pigs experimentally infected with an attenuated PRRSV strain at 46 days post infection. A total of 6404 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected of which 3960 DEGs were upregulated and 2444 DEGs were downregulated. Specifically, genes involved in innate immune responses and chemokines and receptors associated with T-cell homing to lymphoid tissues were down regulated. As a result, homing of virus-specific T-cells to lymphoid tissues seems to be ineffective, evidenced by the lower frequencies of virus-specific T-cell in lymphoid tissue than in peripheral blood. Genes associated with T-cell exhaustion were upregulated. Likewise, genes involved in the anti-apoptotic pathway were upregulated. Collectively, the data suggested that the live-attenuated PRRSV strain establishes a pro-survival microenvironment in lymphoid tissue by suppressing innate immune responses, T-cell homing, and preventing cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeshbhai Chaudhari
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Chia-Sin Liew
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (C.-S.L.); (J.-J.M.R.)
| | - Aspen M. Workman
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA;
| | - Jean-Jack M. Riethoven
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (C.-S.L.); (J.-J.M.R.)
| | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sarah Sillman
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Hiep L. X. Vu
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-4528
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6
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Li Y, Wei Y, Hao W, Zhao W, Zhou Y, Wang D, Xiao S, Fang L. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection promotes C1QBP secretion to enhance inflammatory responses. Vet Microbiol 2019; 241:108563. [PMID: 31928703 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complement component 1, q subcomponent binding protein (C1QBP) is a receptor for the globular heads of C1q and modulates various biological processes including infection, inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. In our previous study to identify differentially expressed secretory proteins in Marc-145 cells infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), mass spectrum data showed that C1QBP was secreted after PRRSV infection. However, the biological significance of secreted C1QBP remains unclear. In this study, we confirmed that PRRSV infection promoted C1QBP secretion in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), the target cells of PRRSV in vivo. Knockdown of endogenous C1QBP decreased PRRSV-induced inflammatory responses. The purified recombinant porcine C1QBP (poC1QBP) had proinflammatory effects. The exogenous addition of poC1QBP significantly enhanced PRRSV-induced inflammatory responses and abolished the inhibitory effects mediated by poC1QBP-knockdown. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PRRSV infection promotes poC1QBP secretion that enhances inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wanjun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenkai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Jiang H, Wei L, Wang D, Wang J, Zhu S, She R, Liu T, Tian J, Quan R, Hou L, Li Z, Chu J, Zhou J, Guo Y, Xi Y, Song H, Yuan F, Liu J. ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals the first proteome profiles of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 3. J Proteomics 2019; 212:103598. [PMID: 31785380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) infection induces porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, and multisystemic inflammatory lesions in piglets and sows. To better understand the host responses to PCV3 infection, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling combined with LC-MS/MS analysis was used for quantitative determination of differentially regulated cellular proteins in the lungs of specific-pathogen-free piglets after 4 weeks of PCV3 infection. Totally, 3429 proteins were detected in three independent mass spectrometry analyses, of which 242 differential cellular proteins were significantly regulated, consisting of 100 upregulated proteins and 142 downregulated proteins in PCV3-infected group relative to control group. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these higher or lower abundant proteins involved primarily metabolic processes, innate immune response, MHC-I and MHC-II components, and phagosome pathways. Ten genes encoding differentially regulated proteins were selected for investigation via real-time RT-PCR. The expression levels of six representative proteins, OAS1, Mx1, ISG15, IFIT3, SOD2, and HSP60, were further confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. This study attempted for the first time to investigate the protein profile of PCV3-infected piglets using iTRAQ technology; our findings provide valuable information to better understand the mechanisms underlying the host responses to PCV3 infection in piglets. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study identified differentially abundant proteins related to a variety of potential signaling pathways in the lungs of PCV3-infected piglets. These findings provide valuable information to better understand the mechanisms of host responses to PCV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping She
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jijing Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyang Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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8
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Islam MA, Neuhoff C, Aqter Rony S, Große-Brinkhaus C, Uddin MJ, Hölker M, Tesfaye D, Tholen E, Schellander K, Pröll-Cornelissen MJ. PBMCs transcriptome profiles identified breed-specific transcriptome signatures for PRRSV vaccination in German Landrace and Pietrain pigs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222513. [PMID: 31536525 PMCID: PMC6752781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating viral disease affecting the swine industry worldwide. Genetic variation in host immunity has been considered as one of the potential determinants to improve the immunocompetence, thereby resistance to PRRS. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the breed difference in innate immune response to PRRSV vaccination between German Landrace (DL) and Pietrain (Pi) pigs. We analyzed microarray-based transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected before (0 h) and 24 h after PRRSV vaccination from purebred DL and Pi pigs with three biological replicates. In total 4,269 transcripts were identified to be differentially expressed in PBMCs in at least any of four tested contrast pairs (i.e. DL-24h vs. DL-0h, Pi-24h vs. Pi-0h, DL-0h vs. Pi-0h and DL-24h vs. Pi-24h). The number of vaccine-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was much higher (2,459) in DL pigs than that of Pi pigs (291). After 24 h of PRRSV vaccination, 1,046 genes were differentially expressed in PMBCs of DL pigs compared to that of Pi (DL-24h vs. Pi-24h), indicating the breed differences in vaccine responsiveness. The top biological pathways significantly affected by DEGs of both breeds were linked to immune response functions. The network enrichment analysis identified ADAM17, STAT1, MMS19, RPA2, BAD, UCHL5 and APC as potential regulatory genes for the functional network of PRRSV vaccine response specific for DL; while FOXO3, IRF2, ADRBK1, FHL3, PPP2CB and NCOA6 were found to be the most potential hubs of Pi specific transcriptome network. In conclusion, our data provided insights of breed-specific host transcriptome responses to PRRSV vaccination which might contribute in better understanding of PPRS resistance in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Aminul Islam
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sharmin Aqter Rony
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Hölker
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station on Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
- Teaching and Research Station on Frankenforst, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
| | - Maren Julia Pröll-Cornelissen
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Fabà L, Gasa J, Tokach MD, Font-i-Furnols M, Vilarrasa E, Solà-Oriol D. Effects of additional organic micro-minerals and methionine on carcass composition, gait score, bone characteristics, and osteochondrosis in replacement gilts of different growth rate. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Dhorne-Pollet S, Crisci E, Mach N, Renson P, Jaffrézic F, Marot G, Maroilley T, Moroldo M, Lecardonnel J, Blanc F, Bertho N, Bourry O, Giuffra E. The miRNA-targeted transcriptome of porcine alveolar macrophages upon infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3160. [PMID: 30816147 PMCID: PMC6395673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Host miRNAs are known to modulate the cell response to virus infections. We characterized the miRNA-targeted transcriptome of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) at early times after infection with a subtype 1.1 strain of PRRSV (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus). We performed the immunoprecipitation of RISC (RNA-induced Silencing Complex) followed by microarray analysis of the RISC-bound miRNA targets (RIP-Chip) to evaluate the relative enrichment or depletion of expressed genes in RISC. The miRNA-mediated regulation occurred early after PRRSV infection and decreased fast (1,241 and 141 RISC-bound genes at 7 h and 10 h post-infection, respectively); it affected several cell functions with evidence of miRNA buffering of upregulated interferon-related genes. Eight miRNAs were highly enriched in RISC of both control and infected cells with no evidence of differential expression. Although miR-335-5p was the miRNA with most predicted targets among enriched RISC-bound genes, no effects on surface markers, cytokine expression and PRRSV replication were detected upon miR-335-5p mimics of primary PAMs. Our results do not point to specific miRNA-driven mechanisms regulating the early response to infection with this PRRSV 1.1 strain and indicate that the miRNome expressed by steady-state PAMs reacts promptly to counterbalance PRRSV infection by a pervasive modulation of host functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dhorne-Pollet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Elisa Crisci
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France.,Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nuria Mach
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Patricia Renson
- ANSES, Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, Ploufragan, 22440, France
| | - Florence Jaffrézic
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Guillemette Marot
- EA 2694 Biostatistiques, Université de Lille, Inria Lille Nord Europe, MODAL, Villeneuve d'Ascq, 59650, France
| | - Tatiana Maroilley
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France.,Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Marco Moroldo
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Jérôme Lecardonnel
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Fany Blanc
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,PIPAE, BIOEPAR, INRA, ONIRIS, Nantes Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Nantes, 44307, France
| | - Olivier Bourry
- ANSES, Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, Ploufragan, 22440, France
| | - Elisabetta Giuffra
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France.
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11
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces concurrent elevation of High Mobility Group Box-1 protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines in experimentally infected piglets. Cytokine 2019; 113:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Huan CC, Wang HX, Sheng XX, Wang R, Wang X, Liao Y, Liu QF, Tong GZ, Ding C, Fan HJ, Wu JQ, Mao X. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nucleoprotein contributes to HMGB1 transcription and release by interacting with C/EBP-β. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75064-75080. [PMID: 27634894 PMCID: PMC5342723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea is a devastating swine enteric disease, which is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection. Our studies demonstrated that PEDV infection resulted in the up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, PEDV infection and overexpression of viral nucleoprotein resulted in the acetylation and release of high mobility group box 1 proteins in vitro, an important proinflammatory response mediator, which contributes to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Our studies also showed that SIRT1, histone acetyltransferase, and NF-κB regulated the acetylation and release of HMGB1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments illustrated that PEDV-N could induce HMGB1 transcription by interacting with C/EBP-β, which could bind to C/EBP motif in HMGB1 promotor region. Collectively, our data indicate PEDV-N contributes to HMGB1 transcription and the subsequent release/acetylation of HMGB1 during PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chao Huan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Hua-Xia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Xiang-Xiang Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200241
| | - Qin-Fang Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200241
| | - Guang-Zhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200241
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200241
| | - Hong-Jie Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Province, China, 250100
| | - Xiang Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, 210095.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China, 200241
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13
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Yang T, Zhang F, Zhai L, He W, Tan Z, Sun Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Ning C, Zhou W, Ao H, Wang C, Yu Y. Transcriptome of Porcine PBMCs over Two Generations Reveals Key Genes and Pathways Associated with Variable Antibody Responses post PRRSV Vaccination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2460. [PMID: 29410429 PMCID: PMC5802836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a virus susceptible to antibody dependent enhancement, causing reproductive failures in sows and preweaning mortality of piglets. Modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines are used to control PRRS in swine herds. However, immunized sows and piglets often generate variable antibody levels. This study aimed to detect significant genes and pathways involved in antibody responsiveness of pregnant sows and their offspring post-PRRSV vaccination. RNA sequencing was conducted on peripheral blood-mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which were isolated from pregnant sows and their piglets with high (HA), median (MA), and low (LA) PRRS antibody levels following vaccination. 401 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three comparisons (HA versus MA, HA versus LA, and MA versus LA) of sow PBMCs. Two novel pathways (complement and coagulation cascade pathway; and epithelial cell signaling in H. pylori infection pathway) revealed by DEGs in HA versus LA and MA versus LA were involved in chemotactic and proinflammatory responses. TNF-α, CCL4, and NFKBIA genes displayed the same expression trends in subsequent generation post-PRRS-MLV vaccination. Findings of the study suggest that two pathways and TNF-α, CCL4, and NFKBIA could be considered as key pathways and potential candidate genes for PRRSV vaccine responsiveness, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiyong He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Ning
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiliang Zhou
- Tianjin Ninghe Primary Pig Breeding Farm, Ninghe, 301500, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Ao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Domestic Animal Genetic Resources and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuduan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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14
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Schweer W, Schwartz K, Patience JF, Karriker L, Sparks C, Weaver M, Fitzsimmons M, Burkey TE, Gabler NK. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus reduces feed efficiency, digestibility, and lean tissue accretion in grow-finish pigs. Transl Anim Sci 2017; 1:480-488. [PMID: 32704671 PMCID: PMC7204981 DOI: 10.2527/tas2017.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus is a major swine virus that causes reproductive impairment in sows, as well as respiratory disease, reduction in growth rates, and mortalities in all ages of pigs. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact PRRS has on grower-finisher pig feed efficiency and tissue accretion rates. Thirty PRRS naïve, littermate pairs of maternal line Choice Genetics gilts (33.6 ± 0.58 kg BW) were selected and pairs split across 2 barns consisting of 5 pens (n = 6 pigs/pen per barn). Pigs in both barns were fed corn-soybean-DDGS diets ad libitum. All pigs in one barn were inoculated (CHAL) via an i.m. injection of a live PRRS strain isolated from the region (0 d post inoculation, dpi), while pigs in the other barn were given a saline control injection (CONT). Pig performance (ADG, ADFI, G:F) was assessed from 35 kg BW until each group reached market BW (128 kg). Additionally, longitudinal apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and body composition was assessed using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) post inoculation (dpi) to estimate lean, protein, fat and bone accretion rates. Serological data from CHAL pigs showed that PRRS titers peaked 7 dpi and these pigs seroconverted by 35 dpi. According to both genomic and protein PRRS titers, CONT pigs were naïve to CHAL throughout the study. The PRRS infection reduced (P < 0.001) ATTD of dry matter, energy and nitrogen by 3 to 5% at 21 dpi and the reduction in ATTD persisted after 65 dpi. Compared to the CONT, CHAL pigs had decreased ADG (0.89 vs. 0.80 kg/d, P < 0.001), ADFI (2.05 vs. 1.93 kg/d, P < 0.001), and G:F (0.44 vs. 0.41 kg/d, P < 0.001) over the entire test period. The CHAL pigs also had attenuated DXA predicted whole body accretion of lean (547 vs. 633 g/d, P = 0.001), protein (109 vs. 126 g/d, P = 0.001) and fat (169 vs. 205 g/d, P = 0.001) compared to their CONT counterparts from dpi 0 to 80. Based on carcass data at slaughter (and consistent with the DXA data), CHAL pigs had leaner carcasses and reduced yields. These data clearly demonstrate that PRRS infection reduces digestibility, feed efficiency and protein accretion rates in grower-finisher pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schweer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - K Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - J F Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - L Karriker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - C Sparks
- Huvepharma, Peachtree City, GA, 30269
| | - M Weaver
- Weaver Consulting, Des Moines, IA, 50265
| | | | - T E Burkey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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15
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Rahe MC, Murtaugh MP. Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060148. [PMID: 28608816 PMCID: PMC5490824 DOI: 10.3390/v9060148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response is necessary for the development of protective immunity against infectious diseases. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a genetically heterogeneous and rapidly evolving RNA virus, is the most burdensome pathogen of swine health and wellbeing worldwide. Viral infection induces antigen-specific immunity that ultimately clears the infection. However, the resulting immune memory, induced by virulent or attenuated vaccine viruses, is inconsistently protective against diverse viral strains. The immunological mechanisms by which primary and memory protection are generated and used are not well understood. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding cellular and humoral components of the adaptive immune response to PRRSV infection that mediate primary and memory immune protection against viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Rahe
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Michael P Murtaugh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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16
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Waide EH, Tuggle CK, Serão NVL, Schroyen M, Hess A, Rowland RRR, Lunney JK, Plastow G, Dekkers JCM. Genomewide association of piglet responses to infection with one of two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:16-38. [PMID: 28177360 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease in the swine industry. Identification of host genetic factors that enable selection for improved performance during PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection would reduce the impact of this disease on animal welfare and production efficiency. We conducted genomewide association study (GWAS) analyses of data from 13 trials of approximately 200 commercial crossbred nursery-age piglets that were experimentally infected with 1 of 2 type 2 isolates of PRRSV (NVSL 97-7985 [NVSL] and KS2006-72109 [KS06]). Phenotypes analyzed were viral load (VL) in blood during the first 21 d after infection (dpi) and weight gain (WG) from 0 to 42 dpi. We accounted for the previously identified QTL in the region on SSC4 in our models to increase power to identify additional regions. Many regions identified by single-SNP analyses were not identified using Bayes-B, but both analyses identified the same regions on SSC3 and SSC5 to be associated with VL in the KS06 trials and on SSC6 in the NVSL trials ( < 5 × 10); for WG, regions on SSC5 and SSC17 were associated in the NVSL trials ( < 3 × 10). No regions were identified with either method for WG in the KS06 trials. Except for the region on SSC4, which was associated with VL for both isolates (but only with WG for NVSL), identified regions did not overlap between the 2 PRRSV isolate data sets, despite high estimates of the genetic correlation between isolates for traits based on these data. We also identified genomic regions whose associations with VL or WG interacted with either PRRSV isolate or with genotype at the SSC4 QTL. Gene ontology (GO) annotation terms for genes located near moderately associated SNP ( < 0.003) were enriched for multiple immunologically (VL) and metabolism- (WG) related GO terms. The biological relevance of these regions suggests that, although it may increase the number of false positives, the use of single-SNP analyses and a relaxed threshold also increased the identification of true positives. In conclusion, although only the SSC4 QTL was associated with response to both PRRSV isolates, genes near associated SNP were enriched for the same GO terms across PRRSV isolates, suggesting that host responses to these 2 isolates are affected by the actions of many genes that function together in similar biological processes.
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17
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PBMC transcriptome profiles identifies potential candidate genes and functional networks controlling the innate and the adaptive immune response to PRRSV vaccine in Pietrain pig. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171828. [PMID: 28278192 PMCID: PMC5344314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating viral disease affecting swine production, health and welfare throughout the world. A synergistic action of the innate and the adaptive immune system of the host is essential for mounting a durable protective immunity through vaccination. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to characterize the innate and the adaptive immune response to PRRS Virus (PRRSV) vaccination in Pietrain pigs. The Affymetrix gene chip porcine gene 1.0 ST array was used for the transcriptome profiling of PBMCs collected at immediately before (D0), at one (D1) and 28 days (D28) post PRRSV vaccination with three biological replications. With FDR <0.05 and log2 fold change ±1.5 as cutoff criteria, 295 and 115 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in PBMCs during the stage of innate and adaptive response, respectively. The microarray expression results were technically validated by qRT-PCR. The gene ontology terms such as viral life cycle, regulation of lymphocyte activation, cytokine activity and inflammatory response were enriched during the innate immunity; cytolysis, T cell mediated cytotoxicity, immunoglobulin production were enriched during adaptive immunity to PRRSV vaccination. Significant enrichment of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, signaling by interleukins, signaling by the B cell receptor (BCR), viral mRNA translation, IFN-gamma pathway and AP-1 transcription factor network pathways were indicating the involvement of altered genes in the antiviral defense. Network analysis revealed that four network modules were functionally involved with the transcriptional network of innate immunity, and five modules were linked to adaptive immunity in PBMCs. The innate immune transcriptional network was found to be regulated by LCK, STAT3, ATP5B, UBB and RSP17. While TGFß1, IL7R, RAD21, SP1 and GZMB are likely to be predictive for the adaptive immune transcriptional response to PRRSV vaccine in PBMCs. Results of the current immunogenomics study advances our understanding of PRRS in term of host-vaccine interaction, and thereby contribute to design a rationale for disease control strategy.
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18
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Han J, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Yang H. Pathogenesis and control of the Chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 2017; 209:30-47. [PMID: 28292547 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has remained a major threat to the worldwide swine industry ever since its first discovery in the early 1990s. Under the selective pressures in the field, this positive-stranded RNA virus undergoes rapid genetic evolution that eventually leads to emergence in 2006 of the devastating Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV). The atypical nature of HP-PRRSV has caused colossal economic losses to the swine producers in China and the surrounding countries. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis, evolution and ongoing field practices on the control of this troubling virus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China.
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19
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Ait-Ali T, Díaz I, Soldevila F, Cano E, Li Y, Wilson AD, Giotti B, Archibald AL, Mateu E, Darwich L. Distinct functional enrichment of transcriptional signatures in pigs with high and low IFN-gamma responses after vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Vet Res 2016; 47:104. [PMID: 27765052 PMCID: PMC5073823 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the host factor in the response to PRRSV vaccination. For this purpose, piglets were immunized with a commercial PRRSV-live vaccine and classified as high responders (HR) or low responders (LR) as regards to the frequencies of virus-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells. Six weeks post vaccination, PBMCs isolated from three individuals with the most extreme responses in each HR and LR groups and 3 unvaccinated controls, were either stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin, challenged with the vaccine or mock treated for 24 h, prior conducting transcriptional studies, gene ontology and pathway analyses. The LR group had very low neutralizing antibody levels and showed a higher number of down-regulated transcripts compared with the HR group (FDR < 0.2, P < 0.001). Down-regulated genes encoded chemoattractants, proinflammatory cytokines and the interferon-inducible GBP family, and showed enrichment in wounding (FDR < 3.6E-13), inflammation (FDR < 8E-12), defence (FDR < 8.7E-09) and immunity (FDR < 7.6E-08), suggesting immune response impairment. In the HR group, down-regulated genes were involved in protein transport (FDR < 4.77E-03), locomotory behavior (FDR < 5.47E-3), regulation of protein localization (FDR < 1.02E-02), and regulation of TNF superfamily member 15 and miR181. In contrast, the HR group presented up-regulated transcripts associated with wounding (FDR < 4.95). Moreover, IFN-γ was predicted to be an inhibited upstream regulator since IFN-γ pathways were associated with higher number of down-regulated genes in the LR (n = 40) than the HR (n = 10). Divergent responses to PRRSV-vaccination may be the result of the genetic background of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Ait-Ali
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ivan Díaz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)- IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Ferran Soldevila
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health and Agency, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK.,Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Esmeralda Cano
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)- IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Yanli Li
- Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Faculty of Veterinary, UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Alison D Wilson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Bruno Giotti
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Alan L Archibald
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Enric Mateu
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)- IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.,Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Faculty of Veterinary, UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Laila Darwich
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)- IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain. .,Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Faculty of Veterinary, UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
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20
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Dong S, Liu L, Wu W, Armstrong SD, Xia D, Nan H, Hiscox JA, Chen H. Determination of the interactome of non-structural protein12 from highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus with host cellular proteins using high throughput proteomics and identification of HSP70 as a cellular factor for virus replication. J Proteomics 2016; 146:58-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Islam MA, Große-Brinkhaus C, Pröll MJ, Uddin MJ, Rony SA, Tesfaye D, Tholen E, Hölker M, Schellander K, Neuhoff C. Deciphering transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to PRRSV vaccination in pigs. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:641. [PMID: 27528396 PMCID: PMC4986384 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically important viral diseases affecting swine industry worldwide. Despite routine farm vaccination, effective control strategies for PRRS remained elusive which underscores the need for in-depth studies to gain insight into the host immune response to vaccines. The current study aimed to investigate transcriptional responses to PRRS Virus (PRRSV) vaccine in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) within 3 days following vaccination in German Landrace pigs. RESULTS Transcriptome profiling of PBMCs from PRRSV vaccinated and age-matched unvaccinated pigs at right before (0 h), and at 6, 24 and 72 h after PRRSV vaccination was performed using the Affymetrix gene chip porcine gene 1.0 st array. Comparison of PBMCs transcriptome profiles between vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs revealed a distinct host innate immune transcriptional response to PRRSV vaccine. There was a significant temporal variation in transcriptional responses of PRRSV vaccine in PBMCs accounting 542, 2,263 and 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6, 24 and 72 h post vaccination, respectively compared to the time point before vaccination (controls). Gene ontology analysis revealed the involvement of these DEGs in various biological process including innate immune response, signal transduction, positive regulation of MAP kinase activity, TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway, T cell differentiation and apoptosis. Immune response specific pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, signal transduction, JAK-STAT pathway and regulation, TRAF6 mediated induction of NF-kB and MAPK, the NLRP3 inflammasome, endocytosis and interferon signaling were under regulation during the early stage of PRRSV vaccination. Network enrichment analysis revealed APP, TRAF6, PIN1, FOS, CTNNB1, TNFAIP3, TIP1, CDKN1, SIRT1, ESR1 and HDAC5 as the highly interconnected hubs of the functional network of PRRSV vaccine induced transcriptome changes in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that a massive gene expression change occurred in PBMCs following PRRSV vaccination in German Landrace pigs. Within first 3 days of vaccine exposure, the highest transcript abundance was observed at 24 h after vaccination compared to that of control. Results of this study suggest that APP, TRAF6, PIN1, FOS, CDKN1A and TNFAIP3 could be considered as potential candidate genes for PRRSV vaccine responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Aminul Islam
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maren Julia Pröll
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Aqter Rony
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hölker
- Teaching and Research Station on Frankenfrost, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Königswinter, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Lunney JK, Fang Y, Ladinig A, Chen N, Li Y, Rowland B, Renukaradhya GJ. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Pathogenesis and Interaction with the Immune System. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2015; 4:129-54. [PMID: 26646630 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses important issues of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection, immunity, pathogenesis, and control. Worldwide, PRRS is the most economically important infectious disease of pigs. We highlight the latest information on viral genome structure, pathogenic mechanisms, and host immunity, with a special focus on immune factors that modulate PRRSV infections during the acute and chronic/persistent disease phases. We address genetic control of host resistance and probe effects of PRRSV infection on reproductive traits. A major goal is to identify cellular/viral targets and pathways for designing more effective vaccines and therapeutics. Based on progress in viral reverse genetics, host transcriptomics and genomics, and vaccinology and adjuvant technologies, we have identified new areas for PRRS control and prevention. Finally, we highlight the gaps in our knowledge base and the need for advanced molecular and immune tools to stimulate PRRS research and field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC ARS USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705;
| | - Ying Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5600; , ,
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria;
| | - Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5600; , , .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China;
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5600; , ,
| | - Bob Rowland
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5600; , ,
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23
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Adler M, Murani E, Ponsuksili S, Wimmers K. PBMC transcriptomic responses to primary and secondary vaccination differ due to divergent lean growth and antibody titers in a pig model. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:470-8. [PMID: 26175500 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00015.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic relationship between immune responsiveness and performance is not well understood, but a major topic of the evolution of resource allocation and of relevance in human medicine and livestock breeding, for instance. This study aims to show differences of transcript abundance changes during the time intervals before and after two tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccinations in domestic pigs differing in lean growth (LG) and anti-TT-antibody titers (AB) parameters of performance and immunocompetence. During response to the first vaccination all animals had a general decrease in transcript abundances related to various functional pathways as measured by comparative Affymetrix microarray hybridization and Ingenuity Pathway analyses. Low-AB phenotypes had predominantly decreased immune response transcripts. Combined phenotypes high-AB/high-LG had decreased transcripts related to growth factor signaling pathways. However, during the interval after the booster vaccination, high-LG and high-AB animals responded exclusively with increased immune transcripts, such as B-cell receptor signaling and cellular immune response pathways. In addition, high-LG and low-AB animals had predominantly increased transcripts of several cellular immune response pathways. Conversely, low-LG and high-AB animals had few elevated immune transcripts and decreased transcripts related to only two nonimmune-specific pathways. In response to booster vaccination high-LG phenotypes revealed enriched transcripts related to several different immune response pathways, regardless of AB phenotype. Different from the expected impact of AB titers, divergent AB phenotypes did not reflect considerable differences between immune transcripts. However, highly significant differences observed among divergent LG phenotypes suggest the compatibility of high performance and high vaccine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Adler
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
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24
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Schroyen M, Tuggle CK. Current transcriptomics in pig immunity research. Mamm Genome 2014; 26:1-20. [PMID: 25398484 PMCID: PMC7087981 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Swine performance in the face of disease challenge is becoming progressively more important. To improve the pig’s robustness and resilience against pathogens through selection, a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors in the immune response is required. This review highlights results from the most recent transcriptome research, and the meta-analyses performed, in the context of pig immunity. A technological overview is given including wholegenome microarrays, immune-specific arrays, small-scale high-throughput expression methods, high-density tiling arrays, and next generation sequencing (NGS). Although whole genome microarray techniques will remain complementary to NGS for some time in domestic species, research will transition to sequencing-based methods due to cost-effectiveness and the extra information that such methods provide. Furthermore, upcoming high-throughput epigenomic studies, which will add greatly to our knowledge concerning the impact of epigenetic modifications on pig immune response, are listed in this review. With emphasis on the insights obtained from transcriptomic analyses for porcine immunity, we also discuss the experimental design in pig immunity research and the value of the newly published porcine genome assembly in using the pig as a model for human immune response. We conclude by discussing the importance of establishing community standards to maximize the possibility of integrative computational analyses, such as was clearly beneficial for the human ENCODE project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Schroyen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA,
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25
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Duan E, Wang D, Luo R, Luo J, Gao L, Chen H, Fang L, Xiao S. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection triggers HMGB1 release to promote inflammatory cytokine production. Virology 2014; 468-470:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Badaoui B, Rutigliano T, Anselmo A, Vanhee M, Nauwynck H, Giuffra E, Botti S. RNA-sequence analysis of primary alveolar macrophages after in vitro infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains of differing virulence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91918. [PMID: 24643046 PMCID: PMC3958415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) mainly infects porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), resulting in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in pigs. Most of the transcriptomic studies on PAMs infected with PRRSV conducted thus far have made use of microarray technology. Here, we investigated the transcriptome of PAMs in vitro at 12 h post-infection with two European PRRSV strains characterized by low (Lelystad, LV) and high (Lena) virulence through RNA-Seq. The expression levels of genes, isoforms, alternative transcription start sites (TSS) and differential promoter usage revealed a complex pattern of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation upon infection with the two strains. Gene ontology analysis confirmed that infection of PAMs with both the Lena and LV strains affected signaling pathways directly linked to the innate immune response, including interferon regulatory factors (IRF), RIG1-like receptors, TLRs and PKR pathways. The results confirmed that interferon signaling is crucial for transcriptional regulation during PAM infection. IFN-β1 and IFN-αω, but not IFN-α, were up-regulated following infection with either the LV or Lena strain. The down-regulation of canonical pathways, such as the interplay between the innate and adaptive immune responses, cell death and TLR3/TLR7 signaling, was observed for both strains, but Lena triggered a stronger down-regulation than LV. This analysis contributes to a better understanding of the interactions between PRRSV and PAMs and outlines the differences in the responses of PAMs to strains with different levels of virulence, which may lead to the development of new PRRSV control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouabid Badaoui
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, Via Einstein, Lodi, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Anna Anselmo
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, Via Einstein, Lodi, Italy
| | - Merijn Vanhee
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sara Botti
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, Via Einstein, Lodi, Italy
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27
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A. Hicks J, Yoo D, Liu HC. Characterization of the microRNAome in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infected macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82054. [PMID: 24339989 PMCID: PMC3855409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), a member of the arterivirus family, is the causative agent of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS). PRRS is characterized by late term abortions and respiratory disease, particularly in young pigs. Small regulatory RNAs termed microRNA (miRNA) are associated with gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs are known to play many diverse and complex roles in viral infections. To discover the impact of PRRSV infections on the cellular miRNAome, Illumina deep sequencing was used to construct small RNA expression profiles from in vitro cultured PRRSV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). A total of forty cellular miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed within the first 48 hours post infection (hpi). The expression of six miRNAs, miR-30a-3p, miR-132, miR-27b*, miR-29b, miR-146a and miR-9-2, were altered at more than one time point. Target gene identification suggests that these miRNAs are involved in regulating immune signaling pathways, cytokine, and transcription factor production. The most highly repressed miRNA at 24 hpi was miR-147. A miR-147 mimic was utilized to maintain miR-147 levels in PRRSV-infected PAMs. PRRSV replication was negatively impacted by high levels of miR-147. Whether down-regulation of miR-147 is directly induced by PRRSV or if it is part of the cellular response and PRRSV indirectly benefits remains to be determined. No evidence could be found of PRRSV-encoded miRNAs. Overall, the present study has revealed that a large and diverse group of miRNAs are expressed in swine alveolar macrophages and that the expression of a subset of these miRNAs is altered in PRRSV infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Hicks
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dongwan Yoo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hsiao-Ching Liu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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