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Fujiwara K, Miyazaki S, Maekawa K. Evolution of the sex-determination gene Doublesex within the termite lineage. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101297. [PMID: 39067306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of sex determination has long been considered conserved in insects. However, recent studies of hemimetabolous insects have challenged this notion. One notable example is termites. In Reticulitermes speratus, a homolog of sex determination gene, Doublesex (RsDsx), exhibits characteristics that are distinct from those of other insects, including sister-group cockroaches. It comprises a single exon, contains only doublesex/mab-3 DNA-binding domain (DM) but lacks a conserved oligomerization domain (OD), and exhibits transcriptional activity only in males. To investigate whether these characteristics are widespread within the termite lineage, we identified Dsx homologs in three different families. The absence of the conserved OD sequences was observed in all termite species examined, whereas the number of exons and expression patterns between sexes varied among families. Particularly, distinctive differences in Dsx were found in species from the Archotermopsidae and Kalotermitidae, both of which have a linear caste developmental pathway. Our findings indicate that diversification of Dsx structure and expression patterns may have contributed to ecological diversification, such as caste developmental pathways, within the termite lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokuto Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Maekawa
- Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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Sugiura K, Yoshida Y, Hayashi K, Arakawa K, Kunieda T, Matsumoto M. Sexual dimorphism in the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus transcriptome. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2024; 10:11. [PMID: 38902818 PMCID: PMC11191345 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-024-00233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gonochoristic animals, the sex determination pathway induces different morphological and behavioral features that can be observed between sexes, a condition known as sexual dimorphism. While many components of this sex differentiation cascade show high levels of diversity, factors such as the Doublesex-Mab-3-Related Transcription factor (DMRT) are widely conserved across animal taxa. Species of the phylum Tardigrada exhibit remarkable diversity in morphology and behavior between sexes, suggesting a pathway regulating this dimorphism. Despite the wealth of genomic and zoological knowledge accumulated in recent studies, the sexual differences in tardigrades genomes have not been identified. In the present study, we focused on the gonochoristic species Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus and employed omics analyses to unravel the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis between sex-identified specimens revealed numerous differentially expressed genes, of which approximately 2,000 male-biased genes were focused on 29 non-male-specific genomic loci. From these regions, we identified two Macrobiotidae family specific DMRT paralogs, which were significantly upregulated in males and lacked sex specific splicing variants. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicated all tardigrade genomes lack the doublesex ortholog, suggesting doublesex emerged after the divergence of Tardigrada. In contrast to sex-specific expression, no evidence of genomic differences between the sexes was found. We also identified several anhydrobiosis genes that exhibit sex-biased expression, suggesting a possible mechanism for protection of sex-specific tissues against extreme stress. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive analysis for analyzing the genetic differences between sexes in tardigrades. The existence of male-biased, but not male-specific, genomic loci and identification of the family specific male-biased DMRT subfamily provides the foundation for understanding the sex determination cascade. In addition, sex-biased expression of several tardigrade-specific genes which are involved their stress tolerance suggests a potential role in protecting sex-specific tissue and gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Sugiura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Kohei Hayashi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Arakawa
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 403-1 Nihonkoku, Daihoji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0017, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center On Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Midori Matsumoto
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan.
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Toyota K, Mekuchi M, Akashi H, Miyagawa S, Ohira T. Sexual dimorphic eyestalk transcriptome of kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus. Gene 2023; 885:147700. [PMID: 37572801 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Kuruma prawn (Marsupenaeus japonicus) is a benthic decapod crustacean that is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region. It is one of the most important fishery resources in Japan, but its annual catches have declined sharply since the 1990s. To increase stocks, various approaches such as seed production and aquaculture were attempted. Since the demand for important fishery species, including kuruma prawn, is expected to increase worldwide in the future, there is a need to develop new technologies that will make aquaculture more efficient. Historically, the eyestalk endocrine organ is known to consist of the X-organ and sinus gland (XO/SG) complex that synthesizes and secrets various neuropeptide hormones that regulate growth, molt, sexual maturation, reproduction, and changes in body color. In the current study, eyestalk-derived neuropeptides were identified in the transcriptome. In addition, most orthologs of sex-determination genes were expressed in eyestalks. We identified two doublesex genes (MjapDsx1 and MjapDsx2) and found that MjapDsx1 showed male-biased expression in the eyestalk ganglion with no sex-specific splicing, unlike insect species. Therefore, this study will provide an opportunity to advance the research of neuropeptides and sex determination in the kuruma prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyota
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Mekuchi
- Yokohama Field Station, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Hukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akashi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan.
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Luo JY, Shen SQ, Xu HJ, Yang JS, Ma WM. The transcription factor masculinizer in sexual differentiation and achieved full functional sex reversal in prawn. iScience 2023; 26:106968. [PMID: 37534170 PMCID: PMC10391606 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some Zinc finger (ZnF) proteins are required for masculinization in silkworms. In the present study, a masculinizer gene (Mr-Masc) with multi-tissue expression is identified in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The Mr-Masc is clustered into a separate branch with ZnF proteins from decapoda by phylogenetic tree analysis. Moreover, Mr-Masc silencing in male postlarvae prawn results in functional sex reversal females known as neo-females, which are applied to all-male monosex offspring breeding. This manipulation has been significant in sexually dimorphic cultured species. In addition, several significantly expressed transcripts are enriched and the effects of crucial signal pathways are focused through the comparative transcriptomic analysis in Mr-Masc gene knockdown. The significantly differentially expressed epidermal growth factor, upregulated low-density lipoprotein receptor, flotillin, and sex-lethal unigenes, downregulated heat shock proteins and forkhead box homologs are focused. The finding offers an innovative perspective on Masc proteins' evolution and physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Luo
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Qi Shen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jing Xu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Shu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ming Ma
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People’s Republic of China
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Guo J, Ren J, Chang C, Duan Q, Li J, Kanerva M, Yang F, Mo J. Freshwater crustacean exposed to active pharmaceutical ingredients: ecotoxicological effects and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48868-48902. [PMID: 36884171 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the ecotoxicological effects of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) on aquatic invertebrates have been raised in the last decade. While numerous studies have reported the toxicity of APIs in invertebrates, no attempt has been made to synthesize and interpret this dataset in terms of different exposure scenarios (acute, chronic, multigenerational), multiple crustacean species, and the toxic mechanisms. In this study, a thorough literature review was performed to summarize the ecotoxicological data of APIs tested on a range of invertebrates. Therapeutic classes including antidepressants, anti-infectives, antineoplastic agents, hormonal contraceptives, immunosuppressants, and neuro-active drugs exhibited higher toxicity to crustaceans than other API groups. The species sensitivity towards APIs exposure is compared in D. magna and other crustacean species. In the case of acute and chronic bioassays, ecotoxicological studies mainly focus on the apical endpoints including growth and reproduction, whereas sex ratio and molting frequency are commonly used for evaluating the substances with endocrine-disrupting properties. The multigenerational and "Omics" studies, primarily transcriptomics and metabolomics, were confined to a few API groups including beta-blocking agents, blood lipid-lowing agents, neuroactive agents, anticancer drugs, and synthetic hormones. We emphasize that in-depth studies on the multigenerational effects and the toxic mechanisms of APIs on the endocrine systems of freshwater crustacean are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jingya Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Chao Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Qiannan Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 7908577, Japan
| | - Fangshe Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ye Z, Bishop T, Wang Y, Shahriari R, Lynch M. Evolution of sex determination in crustaceans. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:1-11. [PMID: 37073332 PMCID: PMC10077267 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sex determination (SD) involves mechanisms that determine whether an individual will develop into a male, female, or in rare cases, hermaphrodite. Crustaceans harbor extremely diverse SD systems, including hermaphroditism, environmental sex determination (ESD), genetic sex determination (GSD), and cytoplasmic sex determination (e.g., Wolbachia controlled SD systems). Such diversity lays the groundwork for researching the evolution of SD in crustaceans, i.e., transitions among different SD systems. However, most previous research has focused on understanding the mechanism of SD within a single lineage or species, overlooking the transition across different SD systems. To help bridge this gap, we summarize the understanding of SD in various clades of crustaceans, and discuss how different SD systems might evolve from one another. Furthermore, we review the genetic basis for transitions between different SD systems (i.e., Dmrt genes) and propose the microcrustacean Daphnia (clade Branchiopoda) as a model to study the transition from ESD to GSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ye
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Trent Bishop
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Yaohai Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Ryan Shahriari
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Michael Lynch
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
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Comparative Transcriptomics of Gonads Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Gonadal Development in Giant Freshwater Prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is a prawn that has economic significance throughout the world. It exhibits sex-related growth dimorphism, whereby the males grow significantly more rapidly than the females. Therefore, a study on the molecular regulatory mechanism, which underlies the sexual differentiation of M. rosenbergii, is of both scientific and commercial importance. However, a scarcity of genomic and transcriptomic resources severely limits our knowledge of the sexual differentiation mechanisms in M. rosenbergii. Here, transcriptome sequencing of several gonadic samples of males and females in M. rosenbergii was performed to investigate the molecular basis underlying gonadal development. Our results showed that 2149 unigenes presented as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ovaries of females compared to the testes of males, which contained 484 down-regulated and 1665 up-regulated genes. Enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed many of these genes to be related to sexual differentiation and gonadal development. From our transcriptome analyses, and as confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR, male-related genes (Mrr, MRPINK, IR, IAGBP, TESK1, and dsx) in the testes were significantly up-regulated, and female-related genes (ERR, Sxl3, cyclinB, Dmrt99B, PPP2A, and ADCY9) in the ovaries were also significantly up-regulated. This indicates the potential role these genes play in the gonadal development of M. rosenbergii. Furthermore, multiple signal transduction pathways relating to gonadal maturation and spermatogenesis, including MAPK, were identified herein. Our data also supports previous ideas that IAG and IAGBP-IR signaling schemes could help in the regulation of testis’ development in M. rosenbergii and the ERR gene could regulate ovarian development by affecting the expression of cyclinB, PPP2A, and ADCY9. The data from this study provides incredibly usefully genomic resources for future research on the sexual differentiation and practical aquaculture of M. rosenbergii.
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Toyota K, Watanabe H, Hirano M, Abe R, Miyakawa H, Song Y, Sato T, Miyagawa S, Tollefsen KE, Yamamoto H, Tatarazako N, Iguchi T. Juvenile hormone synthesis and signaling disruption triggering male offspring induction and population decline in cladocerans (water flea): Review and adverse outcome pathway development. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 243:106058. [PMID: 34965494 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) are a family of multifunctional hormones regulating larval development, molting, metamorphosis, reproduction, and phenotypic plasticity in arthropods. Based on its importance in arthropod life histories, many insect growth regulators (IGRs) mimicking JH have been designed to control harmful insects in agriculture and aquaculture. These JH analogs (JHAs) may also pose hazards to nontarget species by causing unexpected endocrine-disrupting (ED) effects such as molting and metamorphosis defects, larval lethality, and disruption of the sexual identity. This critical review summarizes the current knowledge of the JH-mediated effects in the freshwater cladoceran crustaceans such as Daphnia species on JHA-triggered endocrine disruptive outputs to establish a systematic understanding of JHA effects. Based on the current knowledge, adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) addressing the JHA-mediated ED effects in cladoceran leading to male offspring production and subsequent population decline were developed. The weight of evidence (WoE) of AOPs was assessed according to established guidelines. The review and AOP development aim to present the current scientific understanding of the JH pathway and provide a robust reference for the development of tiered testing strategies and new risk assessment approaches for JHAs in future ecotoxicological research and regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyota
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, 87 Tassha, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Ryoko Abe
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Ås, Norway
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan.
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Jia J, Dong C, Han M, Ma S, Chen W, Dou J, Feng C, Liu X. Multi-omics perspective on studying reproductive biology in Daphnia sinensis. Genomics 2022; 114:110309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mine S, Sumitani M, Aoki F, Hatakeyama M, Suzuki MG. Effects of Functional Depletion of Doublesex on Male Development in the Sawfly, Athalia rosae. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100849. [PMID: 34680618 PMCID: PMC8538284 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The sawfly, Athalia rosae, exploits a haplodiploid mode of reproduction, in which fertilized eggs develop into diploid females, whereas unfertilized eggs parthenogenetically develop into haploid males. The doublesex (dsx) gene is a well-conserved transcription factor that regulates sexual differentiation in insects. In the present study, we knocked down the A. rosae ortholog of dsx (Ardsx) during several developmental stages with repeated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injections. As a result, knockdown of Ardsx in haploid males caused almost complete male-to-female sex reversal, but the resulting eggs were infertile. The same knockdown approach using diploid males caused complete male-to-female sex reversal; they were able to produce fertile eggs and exhibited female behaviors. The same RNAi treatment did not affect female differentiation. These results demonstrated that dsx in the sawfly is essential for male development and its depletion caused complete male-to-female sex reversal. This is the first demonstration of functional depletion of dsx not causing intersexuality but inducing total sex reversal in males instead. Abstract The doublesex (dsx) gene, which encodes a transcription factor, regulates sexual differentiation in insects. Sex-specific splicing of dsx occurs to yield male- and female-specific isoforms, which promote male and female development, respectively. Thus, functional disruption of dsx leads to an intersexual phenotype in both sexes. We previously identified a dsx ortholog in the sawfly, Athalia rosae. Similar to dsx in other insects, dsx in the sawfly yields different isoforms in males and females as a result of alternative splicing. The sawfly exploits a haplodiploid mode of reproduction, in which fertilized eggs develop into diploid females, whereas unfertilized eggs parthenogenetically develop into haploid males. In the present study, we knocked down the A. rosae ortholog of dsx (Ardsx) during several developmental stages with repeated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injections. Knockdown of Ardsx via parental RNA interference (RNAi), which enables knockdown of genes in offspring embryos, led to a lack of internal and external genitalia in haploid male progeny. Additional injection of dsRNA targeting Ardsx in these animals caused almost complete male-to-female sex reversal, but the resulting eggs were infertile. Notably, the same knockdown approach using diploid males obtained by sib-crossing caused complete male-to-female sex reversal; they were morphologically and behaviorally females. The same RNAi treatment did not affect female differentiation. These results indicate that dsx in the sawfly is essential for male development and its depletion caused complete male-to-female sex reversal. This is the first demonstration of functional depletion of dsx not causing intersexuality but inducing total sex reversal in males instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Mine
- Department of Biosciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan;
| | - Megumi Sumitani
- Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Owashi, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan;
| | - Fugaku Aoki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan;
| | - Masatsugu Hatakeyama
- Division of Applied Genetics, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Owashi, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan;
| | - Masataka G. Suzuki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-7136-3694
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11
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Miyazaki S, Fujiwara K, Kai K, Masuoka Y, Gotoh H, Niimi T, Hayashi Y, Shigenobu S, Maekawa K. Evolutionary transition of doublesex regulation from sex-specific splicing to male-specific transcription in termites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15992. [PMID: 34362973 PMCID: PMC8346542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex determination gene doublesex (dsx) encodes a transcription factor with two domains, oligomerization domain 1 (OD1) and OD2, and is present throughout insects. Sex-specific Dsx splicing isoforms regulate the transcription of target genes and trigger sex differentiation in all Holometabola examined to date. However, in some hemimetabolous insects, dsx is not spliced sexually and its sequence is less conserved. Here, to elucidate evolutionary changes in dsx in domain organisation and regulation in termites, we searched genome and/or transcriptome databases for the dsx OD1 and OD2 in seven termite species and their sister group (Cryptocercus woodroaches). Molecular phylogenetic and synteny analyses identified OD1 sequences of termites and C. punctulatus that clustered with dsx of Holometabola and regarded them as dsx orthologues. The Cryptocercus dsx orthologue containing OD2 was spliced sexually, as previously shown in other insects. However, OD2 was not found in all termite dsx orthologues. These orthologues were encoded by a single exon in three termites for which genome information is available; they were not alternatively spliced but transcribed in a male-specific manner in two examined species. Evolution of dsx regulation from sex-specific splicing to male-specific transcription may have occurred at an early stage of social evolution in termites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610, Japan.
| | - Kokuto Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Keima Kai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yudai Masuoka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.,Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (National Agriculture and Food Research Organization), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hiroki Gotoh
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Niimi
- Division of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hayashi
- Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8521, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.,NIBB Research Core Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Maekawa
- Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
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12
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Toyota K, Miyakawa H, Hiruta C, Sato T, Katayama H, Ohira T, Iguchi T. Sex Determination and Differentiation in Decapod and Cladoceran Crustaceans: An Overview of Endocrine Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020305. [PMID: 33669984 PMCID: PMC7924870 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying sex determination and differentiation in animals are known to encompass a diverse array of molecular clues. Recent innovations in high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies have been widely applied in non-model organisms without reference genomes. Crustaceans are no exception. They are particularly diverse among the Arthropoda and contain a wide variety of commercially important fishery species such as shrimps, lobsters and crabs (Order Decapoda), and keystone species of aquatic ecosystems such as water fleas (Order Branchiopoda). In terms of decapod sex determination and differentiation, previous approaches have attempted to elucidate their molecular components, to establish mono-sex breeding technology. Here, we overview reports describing the physiological functions of sex hormones regulating masculinization and feminization, and gene discovery by transcriptomics in decapod species. Moreover, this review summarizes the recent progresses of studies on the juvenile hormone-driven sex determination system of the branchiopod genus Daphnia, and then compares sex determination and endocrine systems between decapods and branchiopods. This review provides not only substantial insights for aquaculture research, but also the opportunity to re-organize the current and future trends of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyota
- Marine Biological Station, Sado Center for Ecological Sustainability, Niigata University, Sado, Niigata 952-2135, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan;
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (T.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan;
| | - Chizue Hiruta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan;
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (T.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan;
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (T.S.); (T.I.)
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13
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Knigge T, LeBlanc GA, Ford AT. A Crab Is Not a Fish: Unique Aspects of the Crustacean Endocrine System and Considerations for Endocrine Toxicology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:587608. [PMID: 33737907 PMCID: PMC7961072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.587608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustaceans-and arthropods in general-exhibit many unique aspects to their physiology. These include the requirement to moult (ecdysis) in order to grow and reproduce, the ability to change color, and multiple strategies for sexual differentiation. Accordingly, the endocrine regulation of these processes involves hormones, receptors, and enzymes that differ from those utilized by vertebrates and other non-arthropod invertebrates. As a result, environmental chemicals known to disrupt endocrine processes in vertebrates are often not endocrine disruptors in crustaceans; while, chemicals that disrupt endocrine processes in crustaceans are often not endocrine disruptors in vertebrates. In this review, we present an overview of the evolution of the endocrine system of crustaceans, highlight endocrine endpoints known to be a target of disruption by chemicals, and identify other components of endocrine signaling that may prove to be targets of disruption. This review highlights that crustaceans need to be evaluated for endocrine disruption with consideration of their unique endocrine system and not with consideration of the endocrine system of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knigge
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Université Le Havre Normandie, Le Havre, France
- *Correspondence: Thomas Knigge,
| | - Gerald A. LeBlanc
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alex T. Ford
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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14
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Xu HJ, Chen YL, Wang YM, Luo JY, Li JW, Shen SQ, Yang JS, Ma WM. Full Functional Sex Reversal Achieved Through Silencing of MroDmrt11E Gene in Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Production of All-Male Monosex Freshwater Prawn. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:772498. [PMID: 35370930 PMCID: PMC8970045 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.772498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is one kind of important economic aquaculture species and displays remarkable sexual dimorphism. The molecular mechanism of sexual differentiation in M. rosenbergii has been primarily unraveled through the research efforts of the androgenic gland and its related genes. However, the understanding of conserved genes involved in the molecular mechanism underpinning sex determination and sexual differentiation of M. rosenbergii is still fragmentary. MroDmrt11E is a member of the doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor (Dmrt) gene family and is prominently expressed in the testis. In the present study, in vivo knockdown of MroDmrt11E at the postlarva stage in male prawn induced a complete and functional sex reversal and achieved the production of an all-male monosex population. Furthermore, a great deal of new information of upregulated and downregulated transcriptions involved in sexual differentiation of MroDmrt11E knockdown was enriched by comparative transcriptomic analysis. The effects of RNAi-mediated gene knockdown of MroDmrt11E on the differentially expressed and sex-related candidate genes, such as transformer, fruitless, feminization, insulin-like androgenic gland gene, Dmrt gene family, were primarily focused on, and their possible molecular regulatory relationships in sexual differentiation were analyzed. Meanwhile, the response of primary Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathways was investigated to expound the potential roles of MroDmrt11E in male sexual differentiation, which provided a deeper understanding of the molecular regulatory network underlying sexual differentiation of M. rosenbergii. The finding provided a novel sexual manipulation technique through silencing of Dmrt gene family for achieving a complete and functional sex reversal and offered a new insight regarding the mechanism of the Dmrt gene family in the sexual differentiation of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jing Xu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi-Lai Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong-Mei Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing-Yu Luo
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian-Wen Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Shen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Shu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ming Ma
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Ming Ma,
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15
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New frontiers of developmental endocrinology opened by researchers connecting irreversible effects of sex hormones on developing organs. Differentiation 2020; 118:4-23. [PMID: 33189416 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the early 1960's, at Professor Bern's laboratory, University of California, Berkeley) in the US, Takasugi discovered ovary-independent, persistent vaginal changes in mice exposed neonatally to estrogen, which resulted in vaginal cancer later in life. Reproductive abnormalities in rodents were reported as a result of perinatal exposure to various estrogenic chemicals. Ten years later, vaginal cancers were reported in young women exposed in utero to the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) and this has been called the "DES syndrome". The developing organism is particularly sensitive to developmental exposure to estrogens inducing long-term changes in various organs including the reproductive organs. The molecular mechanism underlying the persistent vaginal changes induced by perinatal estrogen exposure was partly demonstrated. Persistent phosphorylation and sustained expression of EGF-like growth factors, lead to estrogen receptor α (ESR1) activation, and then persistent vaginal epithelial cell proliferation. Agents which are weakly estrogenic by postnatal criteria may have major developmental effects, especially during a critical perinatal period. The present review outlines various studies conducted by four generations of investigators all under the influence of Prof. Bern. The studies include reports of persistent changes induced by neonatal androgen exposure, analyses of estrogen responsive genes, factors determining epithelial differentiation in the Müllerian duct, ESR and growth factor signaling, and polyovular follicles in mammals. This review is then expanded to the studies on the effects of environmental estrogens on wildlife and endocrine disruption in Daphnids.
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16
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Toyota K, Sato T, Iguchi T, Ohira T. Methyl farnesoate regulatory mechanisms underlying photoperiod-dependent sex determination in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:216-223. [PMID: 32662114 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater zooplankton Daphnia magna has been widely used in ecotoxicology studies. During the last 20 years, it has been demonstrated that the topical application of juvenile hormone (JH) or JH analogs to mother daphnids induce male offspring production. Based on this finding, an in vivo screening validation method for chemicals with JH agonistic effect has developed. Although this screening system successfully identified a number of JH-like chemicals, molecular mechanisms underlying the male sex-determining process remain largely unknown. To address this issue, we established a reliable male- or female-producing system using Daphnia pulex WTN6 strain by changing the rearing photoperiod. Taking advantage of this rearing system, we successfully found several factors involving male sex determination such as ionotropic glutamate receptors, protein kinase C and pantothenate. Here, we used two D. magna strains that can also control the production of female or male offspring by photoperiod differences as model species for ecotoxicology studies. We demonstrated that either treatment of antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptors or inhibitor of protein kinase C strongly suppressed male offspring production even under male-producing conditions. Moreover, we revealed that male sex-determining processes are likely diverged between D. magna and D. pulex based on the current experiment. This study provides a fine experimental method for in vivo screening not only JH agonists but also JH antagonists. Moreover, using daphnids with photoperiod-dependent sex determination manner will hugely contribute to understanding the mode-of-action of JH in daphnids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Mawaribuchi S, Ito Y, Ito M. Independent evolution for sex determination and differentiation in the DMRT family in animals. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/8/bio041962. [PMID: 31399444 PMCID: PMC6737965 DOI: 10.1242/bio.041962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Some DMRT family genes including arthropod dsx, nematode mab-3, and vertebrate dmrt1 are involved in sex determination and/or differentiation in bilaterian animals. Although there have been some reports about evolutionary analyses of the family by using its phylogenetic trees, it is still undecided as to whether these three sex determination-related genes share orthologous relationships or not. To clarify this question, we analyzed evolutional relationships among the family members in various bilaterians by using not only phylogenetic tree analysis, but also synteny analysis. We found that only four genes, dmrt2a/2b, dmrt3, dmrt4/5 and dmrt93B were commonly present in invertebrate bilateria. The syntenies of dmrt2a/2b-dmrt3 and dmrt4/5-dmrt93B are conserved before and after two rounds of whole genome duplication in the ancestral vertebrate. Importantly, this indicates that dmrt1 must have appeared in the common vertebrate ancestor. In addition, dmrt1, dsx, or mab-3 formed each different cluster at a distance in our phylogenetic tree. From these findings, we concluded that the three sex determination-related genes, dmrt1, dsx, and mab-3 have no orthologous relationships, and suggested independent evolution for sex determination and differentiation in the DMRT gene family. Our results may supply clues about why sex-determining systems have diverged during animal evolution. Summary: Three DMRT family genes, vertebrate dmrt1, arthropod dsx and nematode mab-3, involved in sex determination and primary sex differentiation have no orthologous relationships, indicating independent evolution in bilaterian animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuuji Mawaribuchi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of AIST, Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ito
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of AIST, Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Michihiko Ito
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, Kitasato 1-15-1, Minamiku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
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18
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Panara V, Budd GE, Janssen R. Phylogenetic analysis and embryonic expression of panarthropod Dmrt genes. Front Zool 2019; 16:23. [PMID: 31303887 PMCID: PMC6604209 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One set of the developmentally important Doublesex and Male-abnormal-3 Related Transcription factors (Dmrt) is subject of intense research, because of their role in sex-determination and sexual differentiation. This likely non-monophyletic group of Dmrt genes is represented by the Drosophila melanogaster gene Doublesex (Dsx), the Caenorhabditis elegans Male-abnormal-3 (Mab-3) gene, and vertebrate Dmrt1 genes. However, other members of the Dmrt family are much less well studied, and in arthropods, including the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, data on these genes are virtually absent with respect to their embryonic expression and function. Results Here we investigate the complete set of Dmrt genes in members of all main groups of Arthropoda and a member of Onychophora, extending our data to Panarthropoda as a whole. We confirm the presence of at least four families of Dmrt genes (including Dsx-like genes) in Panarthropoda and study their expression profiles during embryogenesis. Our work shows that the expression patterns of Dmrt11E, Dmrt93B, and Dmrt99B orthologs are highly conserved among panarthropods. Embryonic expression of Dsx-like genes, however, is more derived, likely as a result of neo-functionalization after duplication. Conclusions Our data suggest deep homology of most of the panarthropod Dmrt genes with respect to their function that likely dates back to their last common ancestor. The function of Dsx and Dsx-like genes which are critical for sexual differentiation in animals, however, appears to be much less conserved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-019-0322-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- 1Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Sweden.,Present address: Department for Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Rudbeckslaboratoriet, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Graham E Budd
- 1Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ralf Janssen
- 1Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Galindo-Torres P, Ventura-López C, Llera-Herrera R, Ibarra AM. A natural antisense transcript of the fem-1 gene was found expressed in female gonads during the characterization, expression profile, and cellular localization of the fem-1 gene in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Gene 2019; 706:19-31. [PMID: 31028869 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fem-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans is involved in sex differentiation; it is specifically required for all aspects of male development. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the fem-1 (Pvfem-1) gene was isolated from the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The Pvfem-1 transcript is 3778 nt long and encodes a putative protein (PvFEM-1) of 638 amino acids that presented eight ankyrin repeats. The translated protein showed a significant (P < 0.05) structural similitude by superposition with C. elegans FEM-1 protein. Pvfem-1 expression was evaluated by qPCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) during embryogenesis, larval development, and gonads of both genders in subadult and adult life stages. Pvfem-1 was found expressed in brain, intestine, hepatopancreas, and in the gonads of both genders in subadults and adults when quantified by RT-qPCR. A significant finding was the discovery of a natural antisense transcript (NAT) of Pvfem-1 by ISH. It was present in the oocyte nucleus of subadult female shrimp gonads but was not seen within oocytes from adult females, although it was detected in follicular cells, suggesting a possible post-transcriptional regulation of Pvfem-1 in female gonad. Conversely, in males, no NAT was observed, and Pvfem-1 was found expressed in spermatogonia of both, subadult and adult shrimps indicating a function in male sexual differentiation and gametes generation. This study represents the first step for future functional analysis that is expected to contribute to clarifying the role of Pvfem-1 in sex differentiation and determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Galindo-Torres
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Ventura-López
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Raúl Llera-Herrera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Ana M Ibarra
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Ave. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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20
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Jia LY, Chen L, Keller L, Wang J, Xiao JH, Huang DW. Doublesex Evolution Is Correlated with Social Complexity in Ants. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:3230-3242. [PMID: 30476039 PMCID: PMC6300070 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dmrt (doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor) genes are transcription factors crucial for sex determination and sexual differentiation. In some social insects, doublesex (dsx) exhibits widespread caste-specific expression across different tissues and developmental stages and has been suggested as a candidate gene for regulating division of labor in social insects. We therefore conducted a molecular evolution analysis of the Dmrt gene family in 20 ants. We found that the insect-specific oligomerization domain of DSX, oligomerization domain 2, was absent in all ants, except for the two phylogenetically basal ant species (Ponerinae), whose social structure and organization resemble the presumed ancestral condition in ants. Phylogenetic reconstruction and selection analysis revealed that dsx evolved faster than the other three members of the Dmrt family. We found evidence for positive selection for dsx in the ant subfamilies with more advanced social organization (Myrmicinae and Formicinae), but not in the Ponerinae. Furthermore, we detected expression of two Dmrt genes, dsx and DMRT11E, in adult ants, and found a clear male-biased expression pattern of dsx in most species for which data are available. Interestingly, we did not detect male-biased expression of dsx in the two ant species that possess a genetic caste determination system. These results possibly suggest an association between the evolution of dsx and social organization as well as reproductive division of labor in ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Laurent Keller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hua Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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21
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Miyakawa H, Sato T, Song Y, Tollefsen KE, Iguchi T. Ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone biosynthesis, receptors and their signaling in the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 184:62-68. [PMID: 29247785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The two essential insect hormones, ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones, are possessed not only by insects, but also widely by arthropods, and regulate various developmental and physiological processes. In contrast to the abundant information about molecular endocrine mechanisms in insects, the knowledge of non-insect arthropod endocrinology is still limited. In this review, we summarize recent reports about the molecular basis of these two major insect hormones in the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia, a keystone taxon in limnetic ecology and a bioindicator in environmental studies. Comprehensive comparisons of endocrine signaling pathways between insects and daphnids may shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of various biological phenomena and, moreover, evolutionary processes of arthropod species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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22
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Miyakawa MO, Tsuchida K, Miyakawa H. The doublesex gene integrates multi-locus complementary sex determination signals in the Japanese ant, Vollenhovia emeryi. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:42-49. [PMID: 29408414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A female diploid, male haploid sex determination system (haplodiploidy) is found in hymenopteran taxa, such as ants, wasps, bees and sawflies. In this system, a single, complementary sex-determination (sl-CSD) locus functions as the primary sex-determination signal. In the taxa that has evolved this system, females and males are heterozygous and hemi/homozygous at the CSD locus, respectively. While the sl-CSD system enables females to alter sex ratios in the nest, it carries a high cost in terms of inbreeding, as individuals that are homozygous at the CSD locus become sterile diploid males. To counter this risk, some of hymenopteran species have evolved a multi-locus CSD (ml-CSD) system, which effectively reduces the proportion of sterile males. However, the mechanism by which these multiple primary signals are integrated and how they affect the terminal sex-differentiation signal of the molecular cascade have not yet been clarified. To resolve these questions, we examined the molecular cascade in the Japanese ant Vollenhovia emeryi, which we previously confirmed has two CSD loci. Here, we showed that the sex-determination gene, doublesex (dsx), which is highly conserved among phylogenetically distant taxa, is responsible for integrating two CSD signals in V. emeryi. After identifying and characterizing dsx, genotypes containing two CSD loci and splicing patterns of dsx were found to correspond to the sexual phenotype, suggesting that two primary signals are integrated into dsx. These findings will facilitate future molecular and functional studies of the sex determination cascade in V. emeryi, and shed light on the evolution and diversification of sex determination systems in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Okamoto Miyakawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350, Minemachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.
| | - Koji Tsuchida
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350, Minemachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
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Sex Determination Cascade in Insects: A Great Treasure House of Alternative Splicing. DIVERSITY AND COMMONALITY IN ANIMALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56609-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Qin J, Hu Y, Ma KY, Jiang X, Ho CH, Tsang LM, Yi L, Leung RWT, Chu KH. CrusTF: a comprehensive resource of transcriptomes for evolutionary and functional studies of crustacean transcription factors. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:908. [PMID: 29178828 PMCID: PMC5702152 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crustacea, the second largest subphylum of Arthropoda, includes species of major ecological and economic importance, such as crabs, lobsters, crayfishes, shrimps, and barnacles. With the rapid development of crustacean aquaculture and biodiversity loss, understanding the gene regulatory mechanisms of growth, reproduction, and development of crustaceans is crucial to both aquaculture development and biodiversity conservation of this group of organisms. In these biological processes, transcription factors (TFs) play a vital role in regulating gene expression. However, crustacean transcription factors are still largely unknown, because the lack of complete genome sequences of most crustacean species hampers the studies on their transcriptional regulation on a system-wide scale. Thus, the current TF databases derived from genome sequences contain TF information for only a few crustacean species and are insufficient to elucidate the transcriptional diversity of such a large animal group. Results Our database CrusTF (http://qinlab.sls.cuhk.edu.hk/CrusTF) provides comprehensive information for evolutionary and functional studies on the crustacean transcriptional regulatory system. CrusTF fills the knowledge gap of transcriptional regulation in crustaceans by exploring publicly available and newly sequenced transcriptomes of 170 crustacean species and identifying 131,941 TFs within 63 TF families. CrusTF features three categories of information: sequence, function, and evolution of crustacean TFs. The database enables searching, browsing and downloading of crustacean TF sequences. CrusTF infers DNA binding motifs of crustacean TFs, thus facilitating the users to predict potential downstream TF targets. The database also presents evolutionary analyses of crustacean TFs, which improve our understanding of the evolution of transcriptional regulatory systems in crustaceans. Conclusions Given the importance of TF information in evolutionary and functional studies on transcriptional regulatory systems of crustaceans, this database will constitute a key resource for the research community of crustacean biology and evolutionary biology. Moreover, CrusTF serves as a model for the construction of TF database derived from transcriptome data. A similar approach could be applied to other groups of organisms, for which transcriptomes are more readily available than genomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4305-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Yaohua Hu
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ka Yan Ma
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaosen Jiang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ching Hei Ho
- Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Ming Tsang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Lefei Yi
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.,College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Ricky Wai Tak Leung
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China. .,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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25
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Huylmans AK, López Ezquerra A, Parsch J, Cordellier M. De Novo Transcriptome Assembly and Sex-Biased Gene Expression in the Cyclical Parthenogenetic Daphnia galeata. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3120-3139. [PMID: 27604882 PMCID: PMC5174735 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Daphnia species have become models for ecological genomics and exhibit interesting features, such as high phenotypic plasticity and a densely packed genome with many lineage-specific genes. They are also cyclic parthenogenetic, with alternating asexual and sexual cycles and environmental sex determination. Here, we present a de novo transcriptome assembly of over 32,000 D. galeata genes and use it to investigate gene expression in females and spontaneously produced males of two clonal lines derived from lakes in Germany and the Czech Republic. We find that only a low percentage (18%) of genes shows sex-biased expression and that there are many more female-biased gene (FBG) than male-biased gene (MBG). Furthermore, FBGs tend to be more conserved between species than MBGs in both sequence and expression. These patterns may be a consequence of cyclic parthenogenesis leading to a relaxation of purifying selection on MBGs. The two clonal lines show considerable differences in both number and identity of sex-biased genes, suggesting that they may have reproductive strategies differing in their investment in sexual reproduction. Orthologs of key genes in the sex determination and juvenile hormone pathways, which are thought to be important for the transition from asexual to sexual reproduction, are present in D. galeata and highly conserved among Daphnia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kathrin Huylmans
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
- Instititute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Alberto López Ezquerra
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische-Wilhelms Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - John Parsch
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
| | - Mathilde Cordellier
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Toyota K, Gavin A, Miyagawa S, Viant MR, Iguchi T. Metabolomics reveals an involvement of pantothenate for male production responding to the short-day stimulus in the water flea, Daphnia pulex. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25125. [PMID: 27113113 PMCID: PMC4844948 DOI: 10.1038/srep25125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Under favorable conditions, the micro-crustacean Daphnia pulex produces female offspring by parthenogenesis, whereas under unfavorable conditions, they produce male offspring to induce sexual reproduction (environmental sex determination: ESD). We recently established a suitable system for ESD studies using D. pulex WTN6 strain, in which the sex of the offspring can be regulated by alterations in day-length; long-day and short-day conditions can induce female and male offspring, respectively. Taking advantage of this system, we have already demonstrated that methyl farnesoate (MF) synthesis is necessary for male offspring production, and identified ionotropic glutamate receptors as an upstream regulator of MF signaling. Despite these findings, the molecular mechanisms associated with MF signaling have not yet been well elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the whole metabolic profiles of mother daphnids reared under long-day (female-producing) and short-day (male-producing) conditions, and discovered that pantothenate (vitamin B5), a known precursor to coenzyme A, was significantly accumulated in response to the short-day condition. To confirm the innate role of pantothenate in D. pulex, this metabolite was administered to mother daphnids resulting in a significantly increased proportion of male offspring producing mothers. This study provides novel insights of the metabolic mechanisms of the ESD system in D. pulex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyota
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Environmental Genomics Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Alex Gavin
- Environmental Metabolomics Research Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mark R Viant
- Environmental Metabolomics Research Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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27
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Toyota K, Hiruta C, Ogino Y, Miyagawa S, Okamura T, Onishi Y, Tatarazako N, Iguchi T. Comparative Developmental Staging of Female and Male Water Fleas Daphnia pulex and Daphnia magna During Embryogenesis. Zoolog Sci 2016; 33:31-7. [DOI: 10.2108/zs150116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyota
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyam
| | - Chizue Hiruta
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyam
| | - Yukiko Ogino
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyam
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyam
| | - Tetsuro Okamura
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Yuta Onishi
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., 1334-5 Riemon, Yaizu, Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Environmental Quality Measurement Section, Research Center for Environmental Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyam
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Toyota K, Miyakawa H, Hiruta C, Furuta K, Ogino Y, Shinoda T, Tatarazako N, Miyagawa S, Shaw JR, Iguchi T. Methyl farnesoate synthesis is necessary for the environmental sex determination in the water flea Daphnia pulex. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 80:22-30. [PMID: 25721056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sex-determination systems can be divided into two groups: genotypic sex determination (GSD) and environmental sex determination (ESD). ESD is an adaptive life-history strategy that allows control of sex in response to environmental cues in order to optimize fitness. However, the molecular basis of ESD remains largely unknown. The micro crustacean Daphnia pulex exhibits ESD in response to various external stimuli. Although methyl farnesoate (MF: putative juvenile hormone, JH, in daphnids) has been reported to induce male production in daphnids, the role of MF as a sex-determining factor remains elusive due to the lack of a suitable model system for its study. Here, we establish such a system for ESD studies in D. pulex. The WTN6 strain switches from producing females to producing males in response to the shortened day condition, while the MFP strain only produces females, irrespective of day-length. To clarify whether MF has a novel physiological role as a sex-determining factor in D. pulex, we demonstrate that a MF/JH biosynthesis inhibitor suppressed male production in WTN6 strain reared under the male-inducible condition, shortened day-length. Moreover, we show that juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase (JHAMT), a critical enzyme of MF/JH biosynthesis, displays MF-generating activity by catalyzing farnesoic acid. Expression of the JHAMT gene increased significantly just before the MF-sensitive period for male production in the WTN6 strain, but not in the MFP strain, when maintained under male-inducible conditions. These results suggest that MF synthesis regulated by JHAMT is necessary for male offspring production in D. pulex. Our findings provide novel insights into the genetic underpinnings of ESD and they begin to shed light on the physiological function of MF as a male-fate determiner in D. pulex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyota
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Chizue Hiruta
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Nishi-Tokuda, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Furuta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ogino
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinoda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2, Oowashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Joseph R Shaw
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, and National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
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LeBlanc GA, Medlock EK. Males on demand: the environmental-neuro-endocrine control of male sex determination in daphnids. FEBS J 2015; 282:4080-93. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A. LeBlanc
- Department of Biological Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - Elizabeth K. Medlock
- Department of Biological Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
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30
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An Unusual Role for doublesex in Sex Determination in the Dipteran Sciara. Genetics 2015; 200:1181-99. [PMID: 26063659 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.177972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene doublesex, which is placed at the bottom of the sex-determination gene cascade, plays the ultimate discriminatory role for sex determination in insects. In all insects where this gene has been characterized, the dsx premessenger RNA (pre-mRNA) follows a sex-specific splicing pattern, producing male- and female-specific mRNAs encoding the male-DSXM and female-DSXF proteins, which determine male and female development, respectively. This article reports the isolation and characterization of the gene doublesex of dipteran Sciara insects. The Sciara doublesex gene is constitutively transcribed during development and adult life of males and females. Sciara had no sex-specific doublesex mRNAs but the same transcripts, produced by alternative splicing of its primary transcript, were present in both sexes, although their relative abundance is sex specific. However, only the female DSXF protein, but not the male DSXM protein, was produced at similar amounts in both sexes. An analysis of the expression of female and male Sciara DSX proteins in Drosophila showed that these proteins conserved female and male function, respectively, on the control of Drosophila yolk-protein genes. The molecular evolution of gene doublesex of all insects where this gene has been characterized revealed that Sciara doublesex displays a considerable degree of divergence in its molecular organization and its splicing pattern with respect to the rest of dipterans as suggested by its basal position within the doublesex phylogeny. It is suggested that the doublesex gene is involved in Sciara sex determination although it appears not to play the discriminatory role performed in other insects.
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31
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Suzuki MG, Tochigi M, Sakaguchi H, Aoki F, Miyamoto N. Identification of a transformer homolog in the acorn worm, Saccoglossus kowalevskii, and analysis of its activity in insect cells. Dev Genes Evol 2015; 225:161-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00427-015-0498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Toyota K, Miyakawa H, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Ogino Y, Tatarazako N, Miyagawa S, Iguchi T. NMDA receptor activation upstream of methyl farnesoate signaling for short day-induced male offspring production in the water flea, Daphnia pulex. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:186. [PMID: 25867484 PMCID: PMC4372037 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cladoceran crustacean Daphnia pulex produces female offspring by parthenogenesis under favorable conditions, but in response to various unfavorable external stimuli, it produces male offspring (environmental sex determination: ESD). We recently established an innovative system for ESD studies using D. pulex WTN6 strain, in which the sex of the offspring can be controlled simply by changes in the photoperiod: the long-day and short-day conditions can induce female and male offspring, respectively. Taking advantage of this system, we demonstrated that de novo methyl farnesoate (MF) synthesis is necessary for male offspring production. These results indicate the key role of innate MF signaling as a conductor between external environmental stimuli and the endogenous male developmental pathway. Despite these findings, the molecular mechanisms underlying up- and downstream signaling of MF have not yet been well elucidated in D. pulex. RESULTS To elucidate up- and downstream events of MF signaling during sex determination processes, we compared the transcriptomes of daphnids reared under the long-day (female) condition with short-day (male) and MF-treated (male) conditions. We found that genes involved in ionotropic glutamate receptors, known to mediate the vast majority of excitatory neurotransmitting processes in various organisms, were significantly activated in daphnids by the short-day condition but not by MF treatment. Administration of specific agonists and antagonists, especially for the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor, strongly increased or decreased, respectively, the proportion of male-producing mothers. Moreover, we also identified genes responsible for male production (e.g., protein kinase C pathway-related genes). Such genes were generally shared between the short-day reared and MF-treated daphnids. CONCLUSIONS We identified several candidate genes regulating ESD which strongly suggests that these genes may be essential factors for male offspring production as an upstream regulator of MF signaling in D. pulex. This study provides new insight into the fundamental mechanisms underlying how living organisms alter their phenotypes in response to various external environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyota
- />Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- />National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan
- />Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- />National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan
- />Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- />National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- />Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- />National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan
| | - Yukiko Ogino
- />Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- />National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan
- />Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- />National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- />Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- />National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan
- />Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- />Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- />National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan
- />Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787 Japan
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Abe R, Toyota K, Miyakawa H, Watanabe H, Oka T, Miyagawa S, Nishide H, Uchiyama I, Tollefsen KE, Iguchi T, Tatarazako N. Diofenolan induces male offspring production through binding to the juvenile hormone receptor in Daphnia magna. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 159:44-51. [PMID: 25506888 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) and JH agonists have been reported to induce male offspring production in various daphnid species including Daphnia magna. We recently established a short-term in vivo screening assay to detect chemicals having male offspring induction activity in adult D. magna. Diofenolan has been developed as a JH agonist for insect pest control, but its male offspring induction activity in daphnids has not been investigated yet. In this study, we found that the insect growth regulator (IGR) diofenolan exhibited a potent male offspring induction activity at low ng/L to μg/L concentrations, as demonstrated by the short-term in vivo screening assay and the recently developed TG211 ANNEX 7 test protocol. A two-hybrid assay performed using the D. magna JH receptor confirmed that diofenolan had a strong JH activity. Global whole body transcriptome analysis of D. magna exposed to 10 ng/L diofenolan showed an up-regulation of JH-responsive genes and modulation of several genes involved in the ecdysone receptor signaling pathway. These results clearly demonstrate that diofenolan has strong JH activity and male offspring induction activity, and that a combination of modified standardized regulatory testing protocols and rapid in vitro and in vivo screening assays are able to identify potential endocrine disruptors in D. magna. The observation that diofenolan modulates multiple endocrine signaling pathways in D. magna suggests that further investigation of potential interference with growth, development and reproduction is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Abe
- Environmental Quality Measurement Section, Research Center for Environmental Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyota
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Aichi, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Haruna Watanabe
- Environmental Quality Measurement Section, Research Center for Environmental Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Oka
- Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry, 2-2-1 Kajicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0044, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Aichi, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Nishide
- Data Integration and Analysis Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Uchiyama
- Data Integration and Analysis Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadallèen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Aichi, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Environmental Quality Measurement Section, Research Center for Environmental Risk, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Pomerantz AF, Hoy MA. Expression analysis of Drosophila doublesex, transformer-2, intersex, fruitless-like, and vitellogenin homologs in the parahaploid predator Metaseiulus occidentalis (Chelicerata: Acari: Phytoseiidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2015; 65:1-16. [PMID: 25344448 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and expression analyses are essential to gain insight into sex-determination pathways in members of the Acari. Little is known about sex determination at the molecular level in the western orchard predatory mite Metaseiulus occidentalis (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Arachnida: Acari: Phytoseiidae), a parahaploid species. In this study, eight genes previously identified as putative homologs to genes involved in the sex-determination pathway in Drosophila melanogaster were evaluated for sex-specific alternative splicing and sex-biased expression using reverse-transcriptase PCR and quantitative real-time PCR techniques, respectively. The homologs evaluated in M. occidentalis included two doublesex-like genes (Moccdsx1 and Moccdsx2), transformer-2 (Mocctra-2), intersex (Moccix), two fruitless-like genes (MoccBTB1 and MoccBTB2), as well as two vitellogenin-like genes (Moccvg1 and Moccvg2). Single transcripts of equal size were detected in males and females for Moccdsx1, Moccdsx2, Mocctra-2, Moccix, and MoccBTB2, suggesting that their pre-mRNAs do not undergo alternative splicing in a sex-specific manner. Three genes, Moccdsx1, Moccdsx2 and MoccBTB2, displayed male-biased expression relative to females. One gene, Moccix, displayed female-biased expression relative to males. Two genes, Mocctra-2 and MoccBTB1, did not display detectable differences in transcript abundance in males and females. Expression of Moccvg1 and Moccvg2 were detected in females only, and transcript levels were up-regulated in mated females relative to unmated females. To our knowledge, this represents the first attempt to elucidate expression patterns of putative sex-determination genes in an acarine. This study is an initial step towards understanding the sex-determination pathway in the parahaploid M. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Pomerantz
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,
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Zhang M, Li H, Liu A, Wu D, Wang D, Zhao Y. Cloning, expression and cellular localization of the Doublesex gene in the water flea, Daphnia carinata, during different developmental stages. Gene 2014; 550:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Pomerantz AF, Hoy MA, Kawahara AY. Molecular characterization and evolutionary insights into potential sex-determination genes in the western orchard predatory miteMetaseiulus occidentalis(Chelicerata: Arachnida: Acari: Phytoseiidae). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1239-53. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.941402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Miyakawa H, Toyota K, Sumiya E, Iguchi T. Comparison of JH signaling in insects and crustaceans. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 1:81-87. [PMID: 32846733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Physiological importance of sesquiterpenoids such as the juvenile hormone (JH) has been recognized in both insects and crustaceans. Yet, little is known about when and how these two closely related arthropod groups acquired the JH signaling system. Methyl farnesoate (MF), a natural precursor of insect JH, has been identified as an innate JH of crustaceans. However, the reception and molecular signaling downstream of MF in crustaceans is much less explored than JH signaling is in insects, where the Methoprene-tolerant (Met) protein has been characterized as a JH receptor. A recent study has shown that Daphnia Met responds to MF in a way insect Met responds to JH, suggesting that JH reception is conserved between insects and crustaceans. To understand the origin and evolution of JH signaling, further studies, extended to more ancestral arthropods, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Kenji Toyota
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Eri Sumiya
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
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Pan-metazoan phylogeny of the DMRT gene family: a framework for functional studies. Dev Genes Evol 2014; 224:175-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00427-014-0473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Xu SL, Zhou W, Chen P, Zhou JK, Zou X, Wang CL, Wang DL, Zhao YL. Identification and expression analysis of a doublesex1 gene in Daphnia pulex during different reproductive stages. Dev Genes Evol 2014; 224:147-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00427-014-0472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Sex-lethal gene of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis: cDNA cloning, induction by eyestalk ablation, and expression of two splice variants in males and females. Dev Genes Evol 2014; 224:97-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00427-014-0467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Wang XY, Zheng ZZ, Song HS, Xu YZ. Conserved RNA cis-elements regulate alternative splicing of Lepidopteran doublesex. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 44:1-11. [PMID: 24239545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Doublesex (dsx) is a downstream key regulator in insect sex determination pathway. In Drosophila, alternative splicing of Dm-dsx gene is sex-specifically regulated by transformer (tra), in which the functional TRA promotes female-specific Dm-dsx. However, the sex determination pathway in Lepidoptera is not well understood; here we focused on alternative splicing of doublesex (dsx) in two agricultural pests, Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) and cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), as well as the silkworm (Bombyx mori). More than a dozen new alternative splicing isoforms of dsx were found in the Lepidopteran females, which exist in all tested developmental stages and differentiated tissues. Alignment of mRNA and protein sequences of doublesex revealed high conservation of this gene in Lepidoptera. Strength analysis of splice sites revealed a weak 5' splice site at intron 3 in Lepidopteran dsx, which was experimentally confirmed. Furthermore, we identified highly conserved RNA sequences in the Lepidopteran dsx, including RNA elements I (14 nt), II (11 nt), III (26 nt), IV (17 nt), 3E-1 (8 nt) and 3E-2 (8 nt). The RNA elements III and IV were previously found in exon 4 of B. mori dsx and bound with Bm-PSI, which suppressed the inclusion of exons 3 & 4 into the male-specific Bm-dsx. Then we identified and analyzed the homologous genes of Bm-psi in the two Lepidopteran pests, which expressed at similar levels and exhibited a unique isoform in the males and females from each Lepidoptera. Importantly, mutagenesis of Bm-dsx mini-genes and their expression in BmN cell line demonstrated that three RNA elements are involved in the female-specific alternative splicing of Bm-dsx. Mutations in the RNA cis-elements 3E-1 and 3E-2 resulted in decreased inclusion of exon 3 into the female-specific dsx mRNA, suggesting that these two elements would be exonic splicing enhancers that facilitate the recognition of the weak 5' splice site at intron 3 of Lepidopteran dsx. We propose that the 5' splice sites at intron 3 are weak, resulting in multiple alternative splicing events in intron 3 of female Lepidoptera dsx. Activation of the 5' splice site requires regulatory cis-elements in exons 3 for female-specific splicing of Lepidoptera dsx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zeng-Zhang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Toyota K, Kato Y, Miyakawa H, Yatsu R, Mizutani T, Ogino Y, Miyagawa S, Watanabe H, Nishide H, Uchiyama I, Tatarazako N, Iguchi T. Molecular impact of juvenile hormone agonists on neonatalDaphnia magna. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:537-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyota
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science; Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyakawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Ryohei Yatsu
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science; Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizutani
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Yukiko Ogino
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science; Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science; Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University; 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroyo Nishide
- Data Integration and Analysis Facility; National Institute for Basic Biology; 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8585 Japan
| | - Ikuo Uchiyama
- Data Integration and Analysis Facility; National Institute for Basic Biology; 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8585 Japan
| | - Norihisa Tatarazako
- Environmental Quality Measurement Section, Research Center for Environmental Risk; National Institute for Environmental Studies; 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science; Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8787 Japan
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