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Diversity, Lifestyle, Genomics, and Their Functional Role of Cochliobolus, Bipolaris, and Curvularia Species in Environmental Remediation and Plant Growth Promotion under Biotic and Abiotic Stressors. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020254. [PMID: 36836368 PMCID: PMC9962790 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cochliobolus, Bipolaris, and Curvularia genera contain various devastating plant pathogens that cause severe crop losses worldwide. The species belonging to these genera also perform a variety of diverse functions, including the remediation of environmental contaminations, beneficial phytohormone production, and maintaining their lifestyle as epiphytes, endophytes, and saprophytes. Recent research has revealed that despite their pathogenic nature, these fungi also play an intriguing role in agriculture. They act as phosphate solubilizers and produce phytohormones, such as indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GAs), to accelerate the growth of various plants. Some species have also been reported to play a significant role in plant growth promotion during abiotic stresses, such as salinity stress, drought stress, heat stress, and heavy metal stress, as well as act as a biocontrol agent and a potential mycoherbicide. Similarly, these species have been reported in numerous industrial applications to produce different types of secondary metabolites and biotechnological products and possess a variety of biological properties, such as antibacterial, antileishmanial, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. Additionally, some of the species have been utilized in the production of numerous valuable industrial enzymes and biotransformation, which has an impact on the growth of crops all over the world. However, the current literature is dispersed, and some of the key areas, such as taxonomy, phylogeny, genome sequencing, phytohormonal analysis, and diversity, are still being neglected in terms of the elucidation of its mechanisms, plant growth promotion, stress tolerance, and bioremediation. In this review, we highlighted the potential role, function, and diversity of Cochliobolus, Curvularia, and Bipolaris for improved utilization during environmental biotechnology.
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Wang S, Lu Z, Lang B, Wang X, Li Y, Chen J. Curvularia lunata and Curvularia Leaf Spot of Maize in China. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47462-47470. [PMID: 36591195 PMCID: PMC9798514 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Curvularia leaf spot (CLS), primarily caused by Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn (C. lunata), is widely distributed in maize production regions in China. It occurs in all the developmental stages of maize and causes economic losses. The epidemic and yield loss estimation models have been constructed for the disease. C. lunata has obvious virulence differentiation and produces multiple virulence factors. CLS is managed by application of chemical and biological agents and by quantitative resistance conferred by 5 to 6 quantitative trait loci (QTL). This review summarizes research on the understanding of CLS biological characteristics, virulence factors of C. lunata, host resistance genetics, and disease management strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Wang
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Lu
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bo Lang
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School
of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Ministry
of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Surgery plus photodynamic therapy for a diabetic patient with cutaneous infectious granuloma caused by Curvularia lunata. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103253. [PMID: 36565732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Curvularia lunata (C. lunata) can be easily found in environment and plants and rarely causes human infections. Antifungal agents have been the primary approach to treat such infections; however, adverse hepatotoxic reactions may require discontinuation of the long-term use of antifungal agents in patients with pre-existing liver diseases. New therapeutic approaches are thus needed to cope with these circumstances. Here, we report a 66-year-old diabetic female patient, suffering from a rapidly growing lesion on the nose for 2 months. The patient was diagnosed with cutaneous fungal infection caused by C. lunata, which was based on mycological study and ITS sequencing. The lesion was completely disappeared after a combination of surgery and 3 times of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) at 9- day intervals. The patient did not receive any antifungal agents during the treatment. There was no recurrence at 6-month fellow-up. In the following in vitro study, C. Lunata growth was significantly inhibited by ALA-PDT treatment. Therapeutic success in this patent suggests that the ALA-PDT method could be a promising treatment for cutaneous fungal infection caused by C. Lunata and others.
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Peng R, Sun S, Li N, Kong L, Chen Z, Wang P, Xu L, Wang H, Geng X. Physiological and transcriptome profiling revealed defense networks during Cladosporium fulvum and tomato interaction at the early stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1085395. [PMID: 36561446 PMCID: PMC9763619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf mold caused by Cladosporium fulvum (C. fulvum) is a serious fungal disease which results in huge yield losses in tomato cultivation worldwide. In our study, we discovered that ROS (reactive oxygen species) burst was triggered by C. fulvum treatment in tomato leaves. RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by C. fulvum inoculation at the early stage of invasion in susceptible tomato plants. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to annotate functions of DEGs in tomato plants. Based on our comparative analysis, DEGs related to plant-pathogen interaction pathway, plant hormone signal transduction pathway and the plant phenylpropanoid pathway were further analyzed. Our results discovered that a number of core defense genes against fungal invasion were induced and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were impacted by C. fulvum inoculation. Further, our results showed that SA (salicylic acid) and ABA (abscisic acid) contents were accumulated while JA (jasmonic acid) content decreased after C. fulvum inoculation in comparison with control, and quantitative real-time PCR to detect the relative expression of genes involved in SA, ABA and JA signaling pathway further confirmed our results. Together, results will contribute to understanding the mechanisms of C. fulvum and tomato interaction in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Peng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjuan Kong
- Vegetable Department, Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lurong Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hehe Wang
- Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC, United States
| | - Xueqing Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang W, Liu Z, An X, Jin Y, Hou J, Liu T. Integrated High-Throughput Sequencing, Microarray Hybridization and Degradome Analysis Uncovers MicroRNA-Mediated Resistance Responses of Maize to Pathogen Curvularia lunata. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214038. [PMID: 36430517 PMCID: PMC9697682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boed, the causal agent of leaf spot in maize, is prone to mutation, making it difficult to control. RNAi technology has proven to be an important tool of genetic engineering and functional genomics aimed for crop improvement. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which act as post-transcriptional regulators, often cause translational repression and gene silencing. In this article, four small RNA (sRNA) libraries were generated from two maize genotypes inoculated by C. lunata; among these, ltR1 and ltR2 were from the susceptible variety Huangzao 4 (HZ), ltR3 and ltR4, from the resistant variety Luyuan (LY), and 2286, 2145, 1556 and 2504 reads were annotated as miRNA in these four sRNA libraries, respectively. Through the combined analysis of high-throughput sequencing, microarray hybridization and degradome, 48 miRNAs were identified as being related to maize resistance to C. lunata. Among these, PC-732 and PC-169, two new maize miRNAs discovered, were predicted to cleave mRNAs of metacaspase 1 (AMC1) and thioredoxin family protein (Trx), respectively, possibly playing crucial roles in the resistance of maize to C. lunata. To further confirm the role of PC-732 in the interaction of maize and C. lunata, the miRNA was silenced through STTM (short tandem target mimic) technology, and we found that knocking down PC-732 decreased the susceptibility of maize to C. lunata. Precisely speaking, the target gene of PC-732 might inhibit the expression of disease resistance-related genes during the interaction between maize and C. lunata. Overall, the findings of this study indicated the existence of miRNAs involved in the resistance of maize to C. lunata and will contribute to rapidly clarify the resistant mechanism of maize to C. lunata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinyuan An
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yazhong Jin
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jumei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence:
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Wang P, Sun S, Liu K, Peng R, Li N, Hu B, Wang L, Wang H, Afzal AJ, Geng X. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses revealed gene networks involved in heightened resistance against tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid treated tomato plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970139. [PMID: 36187991 PMCID: PMC9515787 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus of the Geminiviridae family, causes leaf curl disease of tomato that significantly affects tomato production worldwide. SA (salicylic acid), JA (jasmonic acid) or the JA mimetic, COR (coronatine) applied exogenously resulted in improved tomato resistance against TYLCV infection. When compared to mock treated tomato leaves, pretreatment with the three compounds followed by TYCLV stem infiltration also caused a greater accumulation of H2O2. We employed RNA-Seq (RNA sequencing) to identify DEGs (differentially expressed genes) induced by SA, JA, COR pre-treatments after Agro-inoculation of TYLCV in tomato. To obtain functional information on these DEGs, we annotated genes using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. Based on our comparative analysis, differentially expressed genes related to cell wall metabolism, hormone signaling and secondary metabolism pathways were analyzed in compound treated samples. We also found that TYLCV levels were affected in SlNPR1 and SlCOI1 silenced plants. Interestingly, compared to the mock treated samples, SA signaling was hyper-activated in SlCOI1 silenced plants which resulted in a significant reduction in viral titer, whereas in SINPR1 silencing tomato plants, there was a 19-fold increase in viral load. Our results indicated that SA, JA, and COR had multiple impacts on defense modulation at the early stage of TYLCV infection. These results will help us better understand SA and JA induced defenses against viral invasion and provide a theoretical basis for breeding viral resistance into commercial tomato accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng Sun,
| | - Kerang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Peng
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Quality and Safety Testing Center for Agro-Products, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lumei Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hehe Wang
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, United States
| | - Ahmed Jawaad Afzal
- Division of Science, New York University, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xueqing Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Xueqing Geng,
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7
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Zhang M, Wang H, Chen F. Time-resolved transcriptome analysis of Scenedesmus obliquus HTB1 under 10% CO 2 condition. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:448-462. [PMID: 35914242 PMCID: PMC9871529 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain microalgal species can grow under high CO2 concentrations providing potential for mitigating CO2 pollution in flue gas produced by power plants. Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus strain HTB1 was isolated from the Chesapeake Bay and grow rapidly in a high level of CO2 . However, little is known about the molecular responses of HTB1 to high CO2 levels. Here, we investigated how HTB1 responds to 10% CO2 using the time-resolved transcriptome analysis. Gene expression profiles indicated that HTB1 responds quickly (in 2 h) and becomes adaptive within 12 h when exposed to 10% CO2 . Interestingly, certain genes of light-harvesting, chlorophyll synthesis and carbon fixation (i.e. rbcS) were up-regulated at 10% CO2 , and these functional responses are consistent with the increased photosynthesis efficiency and algal biomass under 10% CO2 . Nitrate assimilation was strongly enhanced, with amino acid biosynthesis and aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis genes being markedly up-regulated, indicating that HTB1 actively takes up nitrogen and accelerates protein synthesis at 10% CO2 . Carbon metabolism including fatty acid biosynthesis and TCA cycle was enhanced at 10% CO2 , supporting the earlier observation of increased lipid content of Scenedesmus sp. under high CO2 levels. Interestingly, key genes like RuBisCO (rbcL) and carbonic anhydrase in carboxysomes did not respond actively to 10% CO2 , implying that exposure to 10% CO2 has little impact on the carbon concentrating mechanisms and CO2 fixation of the Calvin cycle. It appears that HTB1 can grow rapidly at 10% CO2 without significant metabolic changes in carbon fixation and ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina,Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Hualong Wang
- College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina,Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Ma Z, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Liu X, Xuan Y, Liu B, Gao Z. Comparative genomic analysis reveals cellulase plays an important role in the pathogenicity of Setosphaeria turcica f. sp. zeae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:925355. [PMID: 35935234 PMCID: PMC9355644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.925355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Setosphaeria turcica f. sp. zeae and S. turcica f. sp. sorghi, the two formae speciales of S. turcica, cause northern leaf blight disease of corn and sorghum, respectively, and often cause serious economic losses. They have obvious physiological differentiation and show complete host specificity. Host specificity is often closely related to pathogen virulence factors, including secreted protein effectors and secondary metabolites. Genomic sequencing can provide more information for understanding the virulence mechanisms of pathogens. However, the complete genomic sequence of S. turcica f. sp. sorghi has not yet been reported, and no comparative genomic information is available for the two formae speciales. In this study, S. turcica f. sp. zeae was predicted to have fewer secreted proteins, pathogen-host interaction (PHI) genes and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys) than S. turcica f. sp. sorghi. Fifteen and 20 polyketide synthase (PKS) genes were identified in S. turcica f. sp. zeae and S. turcica f. sp. sorghi, respectively, which maintained high homology. There were eight functionally annotated effector protein-encoding genes specifically in S. turcica f. sp. zeae, among which the encoding gene StCEL2 of endo-1, 4-β-D-glucanase, an important component of cellulase, was significantly up-regulated during the interaction process. Finally, gluconolactone inhibited cellulase activity and decreased infection rate and pathogenicity, which indicates that cellulase is essential for maintaining virulence. These findings demonstrate that cellulase plays an important role in the pathogenicity of S. turcica f. sp. zeae. Our results also provide a theoretical basis for future research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of the two formae speciales and for identifying any associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Ma
- Institute of Plant Immunology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- Institute of Plant Immunology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoran Zhang
- Institute of Plant Immunology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Institute of Plant Immunology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- Institute of Plant Immunology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liu,
| | - Zenggui Gao
- Institute of Plant Immunology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Zenggui Gao,
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Genome-wide comparison deciphers lifestyle adaptation and glass biodeterioration property of Curvularia eragrostidis C52. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11411. [PMID: 35794131 PMCID: PMC9259613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass biodeterioration by fungi has caused irreversible damage to valuable glass materials such as cultural heritages and optical devices. To date, knowledge about metabolic potential and genomic profile of biodeteriorative fungi is still scarce. Here, we report for the first time the whole genome sequence of Curvularia eragrostidis C52 that strongly degraded silica-based glasses coated with fluorine and hafnium, as expressed by the hyphal surface coverage of 46.16 ± 3.3% and reduced light transmission of 50.93 ± 1.45%. The genome of C. eragrostidis C52 is 36.9 Mb long with a GC content of 52.1% and contains 14,913 protein-coding genes, which is the largest genome ever recorded in the genus Curvularia. Phylogenomic analysis revealed C. eragrostidis C52 formed a distinct cluster with Curvularia sp. IFB-Z10 and was not evolved from compared genomes. Genome-wide comparison showed that strain C52 harbored significantly higher proportion of proteins involved in carbohydrate-active enzymes, peptidases, secreted proteins, and transcriptional factors, which may be potentially attributed to a lifestyle adaptation. Furthermore, 72 genes involved in the biosynthesis of 6 different organic acids were identified and expected to be crucial for the fungal survival in the glass environment. To form biofilm against stress, the fungal strain utilized 32 genes responsible for exopolysaccharide production. These findings will foster a better understanding of the biology of C. eragrostidis and the mechanisms behind fungal biodeterioration in the future.
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Li J, Chen M, Fan T, Mu X, Gao J, Wang Y, Jing T, Shi C, Niu H, Zhen S, Fu J, Zheng J, Wang G, Tang J, Gou M. Underlying mechanism of accelerated cell death and multiple disease resistance in a maize lethal leaf spot 1 allele. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3991-4007. [PMID: 35303096 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple disease resistance (MDR) in maize has attracted increasing attention. However, the interplay between cell death and metabolite changes and their contributions to MDR remains elusive in maize. In this study, we identified a mutant named as lesion mimic 30 (les30) that showed 'suicidal' lesion formation in the absence of disease and had enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen Curvularia lunata. Using map-based cloning, we identified the causal gene encoding pheophorbide a oxidase (PAO), which is known to be involved in chlorophyll degradation and MDR, and is encoded by LETHAL LEAF SPOT1 (LLS1). LLS1 was found to be induced by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcriptomics analysis showed that genes involved in defense responses and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were mildly activated in leaves of the les30 mutant without lesions, whilst they were strongly activated in leaves with lesions. In addition, in les30 leaves with lesions, there was overaccumulation of defense-associated phytohormones including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, and of phytoalexins including phenylpropanoids, lignin, and flavonoids, suggesting that their biosynthesis was activated in a lesion-dependent manner. Taken together, our study implies the existence of an interactive amplification loop of interrupted chlorophyll degradation, cell death, expression of defense-related genes, and metabolite changes that results in suicidal lesion formation and MDR, and this has the potential to be exploited by genetic manipulation to improve maize disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tianyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Teng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Cuilan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongbin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sihan Zhen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Lu Z, Wang S, Dou K, Ren J, Chen J. The Interpretation of the Role of a Polyketide Synthase ClPKS18 in the Pathogenicity of Curvularia lunata. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853140. [PMID: 35685932 PMCID: PMC9171202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungus Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn causes leaf spot diseases in several plants such as Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, and Capsicum frutescens. It has been spread worldwide, specifically in maize-growing regions. The polyketide synthase (PKS) plays a significant role in secondary metabolite production and its effect on virulence. The Clpks18 of C. lunata strongly correlated with its pathogenicity. The role of Clpks18 gene on the pathogenic activity of C. lunata remains unclear. Hence, in this study, we analyzed the importance of Clpks18 gene on the hyphae and conidial melanization and on the sporulation and hyphal growth. The deletion of Clpks18 gene reduced the production of methyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carboxylate toxin. The virulence of ΔClpks18 mutant was significantly reduced compared with the wild type. The metabolomics data revealed that (R)-(-)-mellein was a vital factor in the virulence of C. lunata. The (R)-(-)-mellein and the toxin produced by C. lunata were detected in the maize leaves during its infestation. In addition, the metabolomic analysis showed that the Clpks18 gene influences glycerolipid, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis, and its metabolism. This study demonstrates that the Clpks18 gene is important for the pathogenicity of C. lunata by influencing the complex metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Lu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Dou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- Suzhou PANOMIX Biomedical Tech Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Chen,
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12
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Repetti SI, Iha C, Uthanumallian K, Jackson CJ, Chen Y, Chan CX, Verbruggen H. Nuclear genome of a pedinophyte pinpoints genomic innovation and streamlining in the green algae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2144-2154. [PMID: 34923642 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The genomic diversity underpinning high ecological and species diversity in the green algae (Chlorophyta) remains little known. Here, we aimed to track genome evolution in the Chlorophyta, focusing on loss and gain of homologous genes, and lineage-specific innovations of the core Chlorophyta. We generated a high-quality nuclear genome for pedinophyte YPF701, a sister lineage to others in the core Chlorophyta and incorporated this genome in a comparative analysis with 25 other genomes from diverse Viridiplantae taxa. The nuclear genome of pedinophyte YPF701 has an intermediate size and gene number between those of most prasinophytes and the remainder of the core Chlorophyta. Our results suggest positive selection for genome streamlining in the Pedinophyceae, independent from genome minimisation observed among prasinophyte lineages. Genome expansion was predicted along the branch leading to the UTC clade (classes Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae) after divergence from their last common ancestor with pedinophytes, with genomic novelty implicated in a range of basic biological functions. Results emphasise multiple independent signals of genome minimisation within the Chlorophyta, as well as the genomic novelty arising before diversification in the UTC clade, which may underpin the success of this species-rich clade in a diversity of habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja I Repetti
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Cintia Iha
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - Yibi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Cheong Xin Chan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Heroen Verbruggen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
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13
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Aspergillus sp. A31 and Curvularia geniculata P1 mitigate mercury toxicity to Oryza sativa L. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5345-5361. [PMID: 34387704 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus sp. A31 and Curvularia geniculata P1 are endophytes that colonize the roots of Aeschynomene fluminensis Vell. and Polygonum acuminatum Kunth. in humid environments contaminated with mercury. The two strains mitigated mercury toxicity and promoted Oryza sativa L growth. C. geniculata P1 stood out for increasing the host biomass by fourfold and reducing the negative effects of the metal on photosynthesis. Assembling and annotation of Aspergillus sp. A31 and C. geniculata P1 genomes resulted in 28.60 Mb (CG% 53.1; 10,312 coding DNA sequences) and 32.92 Mb (CG% 50.72; 8,692 coding DNA sequences), respectively. Twelve and 27 genomes of Curvularia/Bipolaris and Aspergillus were selected for phylogenomic analyzes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis inferred the separation of species from the genus Curvularia and Bipolaris into different clades, and the separation of species from the genus Aspergillus into three clades; the species were distinguished by occupied niche. The genomes had essential gene clusters for the adaptation of microorganisms to high metal concentrations, such as proteins of the phytoquelatin-metal complex (GO: 0090423), metal ion binders (GO: 0046872), ABC transporters (GO: 0042626), ATPase transporters (GO: 0016887), and genes related to response to reactive oxygen species (GO: 0000302) and oxidative stress (GO: 0006979). The results reported here help to understand the unique regulatory mechanisms of mercury tolerance and plant development.
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14
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Zheng H, Jing L, Jiang X, Pu C, Zhao S, Yang J, Guo J, Cui G, Tang J, Ma Y, Yu M, Zhou X, Chen M, Lai C, Huang L, Shen Y. The ERF-VII transcription factor SmERF73 coordinately regulates tanshinone biosynthesis in response to stress elicitors in Salvia miltiorrhiza. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1940-1955. [PMID: 33983629 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigate the role of SmERF73, a group VII ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR stress response transcription factor, in the regulation of post-modification of the skeleton precursors of diterpene tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Most genes found to be involved in tanshinone biosynthesis are located on chromosome 6, and five of these genes comprise a large gene cluster in S. miltiorrhiza. We found that SmERF73 overexpression in S. miltiorrhiza coordinately up-regulated the transcription of seven tanshinone biosynthetic genes, four of which were located in the tanshinone gene cluster, consequently increasing tanshinone accumulation, while SmERF73 silencing reduced corresponding gene transcription and tanshinone accumulation. SmERF73 recognizes GCC-box promoter elements of four tanshinone-associated genes (DXR1, CPS1, KSL1 and CYP76AH3) and activates their expression. Moreover, SmERF73 and its targets were up-regulated by stress elicitors; SmERF73 appears to be at least partly mediated by the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway via interaction with SmJAZ3. SmERF73 coordinately regulates tanshinone biosynthetic gene expression, suggesting a potential link between tanshinone production and plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li Jing
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Practice Innovations Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xihong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chunjuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Life Science College, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Muyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiuteng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Meilan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ye Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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15
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Liu J, Li L, Wang Y, Yun X. Morphological and transcriptomic analysis of attenuated and virulent strains of Phytophthora infestans. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:89-98. [PMID: 34255222 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans is a hemibiotroph Oomycete that primarily infects tomato. In this study, the growth status and pathogenicity of attenuated and virulent strains of Phytophthora infestans were determined. Furthermore, RNA-seq technology was used to explore the differences in gene transcription levels between attenuated and virulent strains. Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained by sequencing, and the significant DEGs related to the growth and pathogenicity of the strains were screened from the significantly enriched pathways. The results revealed that compared with the virulent strain, the growth of the attenuated strain was inhibited, the structure of hyphae was destroyed, and the disease index was decreased. The differences in the growth status and disease index of the attenuated strain were related to changes in several metabolic pathways, and the DEGs in the metabolic pathways indicated alterations in the attenuated strain growth and pathogenicity. There were 2,651 DEGs in the attenuated strain, of which 1,086 were upregulated and 1,565 were downregulated. The inhibited growth of the attenuated strain was associated with accumulation of excessive glucose, decomposition of serine/glycine, and reduction of tryptophan synthesis. The reduced pathogenicity of the strain was associated with degradation of the cell wall and reduced formation of melanin and α-keto butyric acid. These results could offer insights into the mechanisms of attenuation of Phytophthora infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lei Li
- Manzhouli Russian Vocational and Technical College, Manzhouli College of Inner Mongolia University, Hulun Buir, 021400, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Vegetable Research Institute, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Xingfu Yun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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16
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Gao J, Chen J. The Role of Clt1-Regulated Xylan Metabolism in Melanin and Toxin Formation for the Pathogenicity of Curvularia lunata in Maize. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:617-630. [PMID: 33417477 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-20-0235-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the BTB (brica-brac, tramtrack, and broad) domain-containing protein Clt1 regulates melanin and toxin synthesis, conidiation, and pathogenicity in Curvularia lunata, but the interacting proteins and regulative mechanism of Clt1 are unclear. In this research, we identified two proteins, which respectively correspond to xylanase (Clxyn24) and acetyl xylan esterase (Claxe43) from C. lunata, that were regulated by Clt1. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays were conducted to verify the interaction of Clt1 with full-length Clxyn24 and Claxe43. Furthermore, the Y2H assay revealed that Clt1 physically interacted with Clxyn24 and Claxe43 through its BTB domain to degrade xylan, which was used as a carbon source for C. lunata growth. The utilization of xylan provides acetyl-CoA for the synthesis of melanin and toxin as well as energy and other intermediate metabolites for conidiation. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that PKS18 and its 13 flanking genes found clustered in a region spanning 57.89 kb on scaffold 9 of the C. lunata CX-3 genome were down-regulated in toxin production-deficient mutant T806, and this cluster is possibly responsible for toxin biosynthesis of C. lunata.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, U.S.A
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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17
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Zhang X, He B, Sun S, Zhang Z, Li T, Wang H, Liu Z, Afzal AJ, Geng X. Transcriptome Analysis Identified Gene Regulation Networks in Soybean Leaves Perturbed by the Coronatine Toxin. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.663238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-host specific Pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin Coronatine (COR) causes chlorosis and promotes toxicity by inducing physiological changes in plants. We performed transcriptome analysis to better understand plants' transcriptional and metabolic response to COR. Toward this end, mock-treated and COR-treated soybean plants were analyzed by RNA-Seq. A total of 4,545 genes were differentially expressed between the two treatments, of which 2,170 were up-regulated whereas 2,375 were down-regulated in COR treated samples. Gene annotation and pathway analysis conducted using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases revealed that the differential genes were involved in photosynthesis, jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis, signal transduction, and phenylpropane metabolism. This study will provide new insights into COR mediated responses and extend our understanding of COR function in plants.
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18
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Ferdinandez HS, Manamgoda DS, Udayanga D, Deshappriya N, Munasinghe MS, Castlebury LA. Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal three novel species of Curvularia (Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae) associated with cereal crops and weedy grass hosts. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Chauhan DS, Gupta P, Pottoo FH, Amir M. Secondary Metabolites in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Paradigm Shift. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:493-511. [PMID: 32407267 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200514081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, polygenic and non-infectious group of diseases that occurs due to insulin resistance or its low production by the pancreas and is also associated with lifelong damage, dysfunction and collapse of various organs. Management of diabetes is quite complex having many bodily and emotional complications and warrants efficient measures for prevention and control of the same. As per the estimates of the current and future diabetes prevalence, around 425 million people were diabetic in 2017 which is anticipated to rise up to 629 million by 2045. Various studies have vaguely proven the fact that several vitamins, minerals, botanicals and secondary metabolites demonstrate hypoglycemic activity in vivo as well as in vitro. Flavonoids, anthocyanin, catechin, lipoic acid, coumarin metabolites, etc. derived from herbs were found to elicit a significant influence on diabetes. However, the prescription of herbal compounds depend on various factors, including the degree of diabetes progression, comorbidities, feasibility, economics as well as their ADR profile. For instance, cinnamon could be a more favorable choice for diabetic hypertensive patients. Diabecon®, Glyoherb® and Diabeta Plus® are some of the herbal products that had been launched in the market for the favorable or adjuvant therapy of diabetes. Moreover, Aloe vera leaf gel extract demonstrates significant activity in diabetes. The goal of this review was to inscribe various classes of secondary metabolites, in particular those obtained from plants, and their role in the treatment of DM. Recent advancements in recognizing the markers which can be employed for identifying altered metabolic pathways, biomarker discovery, limitations, metabolic markers of drug potency and off-label effects are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paras Gupta
- Department of Clinical Research, DIPSAR, Pushp Vihar Sec-3, New Dehli, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Product & Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Wang F, Gao W, Sun J, Mao X, Liu K, Xu J, Fu D, Yuan M, Wang H, Chen N, Xiao S, Xue C. NADPH Oxidase ClNOX2 Regulates Melanin-Mediated Development and Virulence in Curvularia lunata. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1315-1329. [PMID: 32815478 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0138-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) in pathogenesis and development in the Curvularia leaf spot agent Curvularia lunata remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified C. lunata ClNOX2, which localized to the plasma membrane and was responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Scavenging the ROS production inhibited the conidial germination and appressorial formation. The ClNOX2 and ClBRN1 deletion mutants were defective in 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin accumulation, appressorial formation, and cellulase synthesis and exhibited lower virulence. However, disruption of the ClNOX2 and ClBRN1 genes facilitated hyphal growth, enhanced stress adaptation to cell-wall-disrupting agents, and promoted developmental processes such as conidiation, conidial germination, and pseudothecium and ascus formation. Interestingly, loss of ClM1, the cell wall integrity (CWI) mitogen-activated protein kinase gene in C. lunata, led to morphology and pathogenicity phenotypes similar to ClNOX2 and ClBRN1 deletion mutants such as abnormal conidia, fewer appressoria, less melanin, increased hyphal growth, and enhanced tolerance to Congo red (CR). These results indicated that the ClNOX2 gene plays an important role in C. lunata development and virulence via regulating intracellular DHN melanin biosynthesis. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR revealed that the ClNOX2-related ROS signaling pathway and ClM1-mediated CWI signaling pathway are cross-linked in regulating DHN melanin biosynthesis. Our findings provide new insights into how ClNOX2 participates in pathogenesis and development in hemibiotrophic plant fungal pathogens.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Weida Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Jiaying Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Xiuwen Mao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Jingru Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Dandan Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Mingyue Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Hongchuan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Shuqin Xiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Chunsheng Xue
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
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21
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Zhao Q, Wu J, Zhang L, Yan C, Jiang S, Li Z, Sun D, Lai Y, Gong Z. Genome-scale analyses and characteristics of putative pathogenicity genes of Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, a pumpkin gummy stem blight fungus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18065. [PMID: 33093634 PMCID: PMC7581720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of gummy stem blight (GSB), an emerging seed pumpkin disease, have increased in number and have become more widespread in recent years. Previously we reported that Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (Sc.) is the dominant fungal cause of pumpkin seedling GSB in Northeast China, where it has greatly reduced crop yields in that region. Here, high-throughput whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the Sc. genome were conducted toward revealing pathogenic molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in fungal growth and development. Zq-1 as representative Sc. strain, DNA of Zq-1was prepared for genomic sequencing, we obtained 5.24 Gb of high-quality genomic sequence data via PacBio RS II sequencing. After sequence data was processed to filter out low quality reads, a hierarchical genome-assembly process was employed that generated a genome sequence of 35.28 Mb in size. A total of 9844 genes were predicted, including 237 non-coding RNAs, 1024 genes encoding proteins with signal peptides, 2066 transmembrane proteins and 756 secretory proteins.Transcriptional identification revealed 54 differentially expressed secretory proteins. Concurrently, 605, 130 and 2869 proteins were matched in the proprietary databases Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes database (CAZyme), Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) and Pathogen-Host Interactions database (PHI), respectively. And 96 and 36 DEGs were identified form PHI database and CAZyme database, respectively. In addition, contig00011.93 was an up-regulated DEG involving ATP-binding cassette metabolism in the procession of infection. In order to test relevance of gene predictions to GSB, DEGs with potential pathogenic relevance were revealed through transcriptome data analysis of Sc. strains pre- and post-infection of pumpkin. Interestingly, Sc. and Leptosphaeria maculans (Lm.) exhibited relatively similar with genome lengths, numbers of protein-coding genes and other characteristics. This work provides a foundation for future exploration of additional Sc. gene functions toward the development of more effective GSB control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Yan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Shukun Jiang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhugang Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Dequan Sun
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongcai Lai
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhenping Gong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China.
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22
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Gao S, Zeng R, Xu L, Song Z, Gao P, Dai F. Genome sequence and spore germination-associated transcriptome analysis of Corynespora cassiicola from cucumber. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:199. [PMID: 32641051 PMCID: PMC7346487 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corynespora cassiicola, as a necrotrophic phytopathogenic ascomycetous fungus, can infect hundreds of species of plants and rarely causes human diseases. This pathogen infects cucumber species and causes cucumber target spot, which has recently caused large cucumber yield losses in China. Genome sequence and spore germination-associated transcriptome analysis will contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of pathogenicity and spore germination of C. cassiicola. RESULTS First, we reported the draft genome sequences of the cucumber-sampled C. cassiicola isolate HGCC with high virulence. Although conspecific, HGCC exhibited distinct genome sequence differences from a rubber tree-sampled isolate (CCP) and a human-sampled isolate (UM591). The proportion of secreted proteins was 7.2% in HGCC. A total of 28.9% (4232) of HGCC genes, 29.5% (4298) of CCP genes and 28.6% (4214) of UM591 genes were highly homologous to experimentally proven virulence-associated genes, respectively, which were not significantly different (P = 0.866) from the average (29.7%) of 10 other phytopathogenic fungi. Thousands of putative virulence-associated genes in various pathways or families were identified in C. cassiicola. Second, a global view of the transcriptome of C. cassiicola spores during germination was evaluated using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). A total of 3288 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The majority of KEGG-annotated DEGs were involved in metabolism, genetic information processing, cellular processes, the organismal system, human diseases and environmental information processing. CONCLUSIONS These results facilitate the exploration of the molecular pathogenic mechanism of C. cassiicola in cucumbers and the understanding of molecular and cellular processes during spore germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigang Gao
- Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201415 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201415 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Lihui Xu
- Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201415 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Zhiwei Song
- Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201415 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Ping Gao
- Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201415 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403 China
| | - Fuming Dai
- Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201415 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture, Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403 China
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23
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Lu Y, Sun J, Gao Y, Liu K, Yuan M, Gao W, Wang F, Fu D, Chen N, Xiao S, Xue C. The key iron assimilation genes ClFTR1, ClNPS6 were crucial for virulence of Curvularia lunata via initiating its appressorium formation and virulence factors. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:613-627. [PMID: 32452607 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Iron is virtually an essential nutrient for all organisms, to understand how iron contributes to virulence of plant pathogenic fungi, we identified ClFTR1 and ClNPS6 in maize pathogen Curvularia lunata (Cochliobolus lunatus) in this study. Disruption of ClNPS6 significantly impaired siderophore biosynthesis. ClFTR1 and ClNPS6 did mediate oxidative stress but had no significant impact on vegetative growth, conidiation, cell wall integrity and sexual reproduction. Conidial germination delayed and appressoria formation reduced in ΔClftr1 comparing with wild type (WT) CX-3. Genes responsible for conidial germination, appressoria formation, non-host selective toxin biosynthesis and cell wall degrading enzymes were also downregulated in the transcriptome of ΔClftr1 and ΔClnps6 compared with WT. The conidial development, toxin biosynthesis and polygalacturonase activity were impaired in the mutant strains with ClFTR1 and ClNPS6 deletion during their infection to maize. ClFTR1 and ClNPS6 were upregulated expression at 12-24 and 48-120 hpi in WT respectively. ClFTR1 positively regulated conidial germination, appressoria formation in the biotrophy-specific phase. ClNPS6 positively regulates non-host selective toxin biosynthesis and cell wall degrading enzyme activity in the necrotrophy-specific phase. Our results indicated that ClFTR1 and ClNPS6 were key genes of pathogen known to conidia development and virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Jiaying Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Mingyue Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Weida Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Fen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Dandan Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Nan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Shuqin Xiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Chunsheng Xue
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
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24
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Yu C, Dou K, Wang S, Wu Q, Ni M, Zhang T, Lu Z, Tang J, Chen J. Elicitor hydrophobin Hyd1 interacts with Ubiquilin1-like to induce maize systemic resistance. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:509-526. [PMID: 30803127 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma harzianum is a plant-beneficial fungus that secretes small cysteine-rich proteins that induce plant defense responses; however, the molecular mechanism involved in this induction is largely unknown. Here, we report that the class II hydrophobin ThHyd1 acts as an elicitor of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. Immunogold labeling and immunofluorescence revealed ThHyd1 localized on maize (Zea mays) root cell plasma membranes. To identify host plant protein interactors of Hyd1, we screened a maize B73 root cDNA library. ThHyd1 interacted directly with ubiquilin 1-like (UBL). Furthermore, the N-terminal fragment of UBL was primarily responsible for binding with Hyd1 and the eight-cysteine amino acid of Hyd1 participated in the protein-protein interactions. Hyd1 from T. harzianum (Thhyd1) and ubl from maize were co-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, they synergistically promoted plant resistance against Botrytis cinerea. RNA-sequencing analysis of global gene expression in maize leaves 24 h after spraying with Curvularia lunata spore suspension showed that Thhyd1-induced systemic resistance was primarily associated with brassinosteroid signaling, likely mediated through BAK1. Jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) signaling was also involved to some extent in this response. Our results suggest that the Hyd1-UBL axis might play a key role in inducing systemic resistance as a result of Trichoderma-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kai Dou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mi Ni
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhixiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Life Science, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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25
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Antifungal activity of volatile compounds produced by endophytic Bacillus subtilis DZSY21 against Curvularia lunata. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To screen endophytic Bacillus producing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with antifungal activity, and to explore their biocontrol properties toward the growth and pathogenicity of Curvularia lunata.
Methods
Two-sealed-base-plate assays were used to estimate the antifungal activities of Bacillus strains against C. lunata. Conjoint analysis of solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and antagonistic experiments were used to identify the VOCs responsible for the antifungal activity. Effects of individual synthetic VOCs were analyzed along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in C. lunata conidia. After exposure to individual VOCs, conidia were also sprayed onto maize leaves to evaluate their pathogenicity. Expression levels of virulence-related genes in C. lunata mycelium following exposure to VOCs were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR.
Results
Among the ten endophytic Bacillus strains and two plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains, only B. subtilis strain DZSY21 strongly inhibited the growth of C. lunata by producing VOCs. 2-Methylbutyric acid, 2-heptanone, and isopentyl acetate produced by strain DZSY21 showed inhibitory effects on the mycelia growth and conidial sporulation of C. lunata. 2-Heptanone and isopentyl acetate also repressed the germination of conidia and the expression levels of virulence-related genes in C. lunata mycelium. Moreover, isopentyl acetate strongly enhanced the accumulation of intracellular ROS in conidia. The disease indexes of maize leaves sprayed with VOC-treated C. lunata conidia were reduced from 60.52 to 26.64%.
Conclusion
Endophytic B. subtilis strain DZSY21 displayed the potential to control C. lunata by producing VOCs, especially 2-heptanone and isopentyl acetate.
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26
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Ametrano CG, Grewe F, Crous PW, Goodwin SB, Liang C, Selbmann L, Lumbsch HT, Leavitt SD, Muggia L. Genome-scale data resolve ancestral rock-inhabiting lifestyle in Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota). IMA Fungus 2019; 10:19. [PMID: 32647623 PMCID: PMC7325674 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dothideomycetes is the most diverse fungal class in Ascomycota and includes species with a wide range of lifestyles. Previous multilocus studies have investigated the taxonomic and evolutionary relationships of these taxa but often failed to resolve early diverging nodes and frequently generated inconsistent placements of some clades. Here, we use a phylogenomic approach to resolve relationships in Dothideomycetes, focusing on two genera of melanized, extremotolerant rock-inhabiting fungi, Lichenothelia and Saxomyces, that have been suggested to be early diverging lineages. We assembled phylogenomic datasets from newly sequenced (4) and previously available genomes (238) of 242 taxa. We explored the influence of tree inference methods, supermatrix vs. coalescent-based species tree, and the impact of varying amounts of genomic data. Overall, our phylogenetic reconstructions provide consistent and well-supported topologies for Dothideomycetes, recovering Lichenothelia and Saxomyces among the earliest diverging lineages in the class. In addition, many of the major lineages within Dothideomycetes are recovered as monophyletic, and the phylogenomic approach implemented strongly supports their relationships. Ancestral character state reconstruction suggest that the rock-inhabiting lifestyle is ancestral within the class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio G Ametrano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Felix Grewe
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center and Integrative Research Center, Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 USA
| | - Pedro W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85176, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen B Goodwin
- USDA-ARS, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 USA
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Largo dell' Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.,Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA), Mycological Section, Genoa, Italy
| | - H Thorsten Lumbsch
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center and Integrative Research Center, Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 USA
| | - Steven D Leavitt
- Department of Biology and M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 4102 Life Science Building, Provo, UT 84602 USA
| | - Lucia Muggia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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27
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Felpeto‐Santero C, Galán B, Luengo JM, Fernández‐Cañon JM, del Cerro C, Medrano FJ, García JL. Identification and expression of the 11β-steroid hydroxylase from Cochliobolus lunatus in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:856-868. [PMID: 31197939 PMCID: PMC6680611 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylation of steroids has acquired special relevance for the pharmaceutical industries. Particularly, the 11β-hydroxylation of steroids is a reaction of biotechnological importance currently carried out at industrial scale by the fungus Cochliobolus lunatus. In this work, we have identified the genes encoding the cytochrome CYP103168 and the reductase CPR64795 of C. lunatus responsible for the 11β-hydroxylase activity in this fungus, which is the key step for the preparative synthesis of cortisol in industry. A recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum strain harbouring a plasmid expressing both genes forming a synthetic bacterial operon was able to 11β-hydroxylate several steroids as substrates. This is a new example to show that the industrial strain C. glutamicum can be used as a suitable chassis to perform steroid biotransformation expressing eukaryotic cytochromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Galán
- Department of Environmental BiologyCentro de Investigaciones BiológicasCSICMadridSpain
| | - José M. Luengo
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | | | - Carlos del Cerro
- Department of Environmental BiologyCentro de Investigaciones BiológicasCSICMadridSpain
| | - Francisco J. Medrano
- Department of Chemical and Physical BiologyCentro de Investigaciones BiológicasCSICMadridSpain
| | - José L. García
- Department of Environmental BiologyCentro de Investigaciones BiológicasCSICMadridSpain
- Department of Applied BiotechnologyInstitute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)(Universidad de Valencia‐CSIC)ValenciaSpain
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28
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Simaan H, Shalaby S, Hatoel M, Karinski O, Goldshmidt-Tran O, Horwitz BA. The AP-1-like transcription factor ChAP1 balances tolerance and cell death in the response of the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus to a plant phenolic. Curr Genet 2019; 66:187-203. [PMID: 31312934 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens need to contend with stresses including oxidants and antimicrobial chemicals resulting from host defenses. ChAP1 of Cochliobolus heterostrophus, agent of Southern corn leaf blight, encodes an ortholog of yeast YAP1. ChAP1 is retained in the nucleus in response to plant-derived phenolic acids, in addition to its well-studied activation by oxidants. Here, we used transcriptome profiling to ask which genes are regulated in response to ChAP1 activation by ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic abundant in the maize host. Nuclearization of ChAP1 in response to phenolics is not followed by strong expression of genes needed for oxidative stress tolerance. We, therefore, compared the transcriptomes of the wild-type pathogen and a ChAP1 deletion mutant, to study the function of ChAP1 in response to FA. We hypothesized that if ChAP1 is retained in the nucleus under plant-related stress conditions yet in the absence of obvious oxidant stress, it should have additional regulatory functions. The transcriptional signature in response to FA in the wild type compared to the mutant sheds light on the signaling mechanisms and response pathways by which ChAP1 can mediate tolerance to ferulic acid, distinct from its previously known role in the antioxidant response. The ChAP1-dependent FA regulon consists mainly of two large clusters. The enrichment of transport and metabolism-related genes in cluster 1 indicates that C. heterostrophus degrades FA and removes it from the cell. When this fails at increasing stress levels, FA provides a signal for cell death, indicated by the enrichment of cell death-related genes in cluster 2. By quantitation of survival and by TUNEL assays, we show that ChAP1 promotes survival and mitigates cell death. Growth rate data show a time window in which the mutant colony expands faster than the wild type. The results delineate a transcriptional regulatory pattern in which ChAP1 helps balance a survival response for tolerance to FA, against a pathway promoting cell death in the pathogen. A general model for the transition from a phase where the return to homeostasis dominates to a phase leading to the onset of cell death provides a context for understanding these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Simaan
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Samer Shalaby
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel.,Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Maor Hatoel
- Technion Genome Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Olga Karinski
- Technion Genome Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Orit Goldshmidt-Tran
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Benjamin A Horwitz
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
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29
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López-Fernández L, Sanchis M, Navarro-Rodríguez P, Nicolás FE, Silva-Franco F, Guarro J, Garre V, Navarro-Mendoza MI, Pérez-Arques C, Capilla J. Understanding Mucor circinelloides pathogenesis by comparative genomics and phenotypical studies. Virulence 2018; 9:707-720. [PMID: 29436903 PMCID: PMC5955452 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1435249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of infections by species of Mucorales and their high mortality constitute an important concern for public health. This study aims to decipher the genetic basis of Mucor circinelloides pathogenicity, which displays virulence in a strain dependent manner. Assuming that genetic differences between strains may be linked to different pathotypes, we have conducted a study to explore genes responsible for virulence in M. circinelloides by whole genome sequencing of the avirulent strain NRRL3631 and comparison with the virulent strain CBS277.49. This genome analysis revealed 773 truncated, discontiguous and absent genes in the NRRL3631 strain. We also examined phenotypic traits resulting in reduced heat stress tolerance, chitosan content and lower susceptibility to toxic compounds (calcofluor white and sodium dodecyl sulphate) in the virulent strain, suggesting the influence of cell wall on pathogenesis. Based on these results, we focused on studying extracellular protein-coding genes by gene deletion and further pathotype characterization of mutants in murine models of pulmonary and systemic infection. Deletion of gene ID112092, which codes for a hypothetical extracellular protein of unknown function, resulted in significant reduction of virulence. Although pathogenesis is a multifactorial process, these findings highlight the crucial role of surface and secreted proteins in M. circinelloides virulence and should promote further studies of other differential genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loida López-Fernández
- a Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) , Reus , Spain
| | - Marta Sanchis
- a Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) , Reus , Spain
| | - Patricia Navarro-Rodríguez
- a Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) , Reus , Spain
| | - Francisco E Nicolás
- b Departamento de Genética y Microbiología , Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | | | - Josep Guarro
- a Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) , Reus , Spain
| | - Victoriano Garre
- b Departamento de Genética y Microbiología , Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | | | - Carlos Pérez-Arques
- b Departamento de Genética y Microbiología , Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Javier Capilla
- a Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV) , Reus , Spain
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30
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Evidence for local adaptation and pleiotropic effects associated with melanization in a plant pathogenic fungus. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 115:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Liu J, Shamoun SF, Leal I, Kowbel R, Sumampong G, Zamany A. Characterization of Heterobasidion occidentale transcriptomes reveals candidate genes and DNA polymorphisms for virulence variations. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:537-550. [PMID: 29611344 PMCID: PMC5954486 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of genes involved in differentiation of pathogen species and isolates with variations of virulence traits provides valuable information to control tree diseases for meeting the challenges of sustainable forest health and phytosanitary trade issues. Lack of genetic knowledge and genomic resources hinders novel gene discovery, molecular mechanism studies and development of diagnostic tools in the management of forest pathogens. Here, we report on transcriptome profiling of Heterobasidion occidentale isolates with contrasting virulence levels. Comparative transcriptomic analysis identified orthologous groups exclusive to H. occidentale and its isolates, revealing biological processes involved in the differentiation of isolates. Further bioinformatics analyses identified an H. occidentale secretome, CYPome and other candidate effectors, from which genes with species- and isolate-specific expression were characterized. A large proportion of differentially expressed genes were revealed to have putative activities as cell wall modification enzymes and transcription factors, suggesting their potential roles in virulence and fungal pathogenesis. Next, large numbers of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, including more than 14 000 interisolate non-synonymous SNPs. These polymorphic loci and species/isolate-specific genes may contribute to virulence variations and provide ideal DNA markers for development of diagnostic tools and investigation of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Jun Liu
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServicePacific Forestry Centre506 West Burnside RoadVictoriaBCV8Z 1M5Canada
| | - Simon Francis Shamoun
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServicePacific Forestry Centre506 West Burnside RoadVictoriaBCV8Z 1M5Canada
| | - Isabel Leal
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServicePacific Forestry Centre506 West Burnside RoadVictoriaBCV8Z 1M5Canada
| | - Robert Kowbel
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServicePacific Forestry Centre506 West Burnside RoadVictoriaBCV8Z 1M5Canada
| | - Grace Sumampong
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServicePacific Forestry Centre506 West Burnside RoadVictoriaBCV8Z 1M5Canada
| | - Arezoo Zamany
- Natural Resources CanadaCanadian Forest ServicePacific Forestry Centre506 West Burnside RoadVictoriaBCV8Z 1M5Canada
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32
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Shin J, Kim JE, Lee YW, Son H. Fungal Cytochrome P450s and the P450 Complement (CYPome) of Fusarium graminearum. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E112. [PMID: 29518888 PMCID: PMC5869400 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs), heme-containing monooxygenases, play important roles in a wide variety of metabolic processes important for development as well as biotic/trophic interactions in most living organisms. Functions of some CYP enzymes are similar across organisms, but some are organism-specific; they are involved in the biosynthesis of structural components, signaling networks, secondary metabolisms, and xenobiotic/drug detoxification. Fungi possess more diverse CYP families than plants, animals, or bacteria. Various fungal CYPs are involved in not only ergosterol synthesis and virulence but also in the production of a wide array of secondary metabolites, which exert toxic effects on humans and other animals. Although few studies have investigated the functions of fungal CYPs, a recent systematic functional analysis of CYP genes in the plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum identified several novel CYPs specifically involved in virulence, asexual and sexual development, and degradation of xenobiotics. This review provides fundamental information on fungal CYPs and a new platform for further metabolomic and biochemical studies of CYPs in toxigenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.S.); (J.-E.K.); (Y.-W.L.)
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Manikandan R, Harish S, Karthikeyan G, Raguchander T. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Different Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici to Exploit the Differentially Expressed Proteins Responsible for Virulence on Tomato Plants. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:420. [PMID: 29559969 PMCID: PMC5845644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is an important soil borne pathogen causes severe yield loss. The molecular characterization and their interaction with its host is necessary to develop a protection strategy. 20 isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) were isolated from wilt infected tomato plants across Tamil Nadu. They were subjected to cultural, morphological, molecular and virulence studies. The results revealed that all the isolates produced both micro and macro conidia with different size, number of cells. The colors of the culture and growth pattern were also varied. In addition, chlamydospores were observed terminally and intercalary. The PCR analysis with F. oxysporum species-specific primer significantly amplified an amplicon of 600 bp fragment in all the isolates. Based on the above characters and pathogenicity, isolate FOL-8 was considered as virulent and FOL-20 was considered as least virulent. Proteomics strategy was adopted to determine the virulence factors between the isolates of FOL-8 and FOL-20. The 2D analyses have showed the differential expression of 17 different proteins. Among them, three proteins were down regulated and 14 proteins were significantly up regulated in FOL-8 than FOL-20 isolate. Among the 17 proteins, 10 distinct spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF. The functions of the analyzed proteins, suggested that they were involved in pathogenicity, symptom expression and disease development, sporulation, growth, and higher penetration rate on tomato root tissue. Overall, these experiments proves the role of proteome in pathogenicity of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in tomato and unravels the mechanism behinds the virulence of the pathogen in causing wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Manikandan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sankarasubramanian Harish
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Gandhi Karthikeyan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Thiruvengadam Raguchander
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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Gao JX, Chen J. Involvement of a Polyketide Synthetase ClPKS18 in the Regulation of Vegetative Growth, Melanin and Toxin Synthesis, and Virulence in Curvularia lunata. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 33:597-601. [PMID: 29238283 PMCID: PMC5720607 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2017.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The clpks18 gene was first cloned and identified in Curvularia lunata. It contains 6571 base pairs (bp) and an 6276 bp open reading frame encoding 2091 amino acids. The ClPKS18 deletion mutant displayed an albino phenotype, and almost lost the ability to product 5-(hydroxymethyl) furan-2-carboxylate (M5HF2C) toxin, implying that clpks18 gene in C. lunata is not only involved in 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene melanin synthesis, but also relatively associated with M5HF2C toxin biosynthesis of the pathogen. The pathogenicity assays revealed that ΔClPKS18 was impaired in colonizing the maize leaves, which corresponds to the finding that ClPKS18 controls the production of melanin and M5HF2C in C. lunata. Results indicate that ClPKS18 plays a vital role in regulating pathogenicity of in C. lunata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,
China
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Bengyella L, Yekwa EL, Nawaz K, Iftikhar S, Tambo E, Alisoltani A, Feto NA, Roy P. Global invasive Cochliobolus species: cohort of destroyers with implications in food losses and insecurity in the twenty-first century. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:119-135. [PMID: 28831526 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Matching the global food demand by 2050 and to ensure the stability of food security in over than 99 countries, it is necessary to scale up the production of food such as sorghum, wheat, rice, maize and sugarcane which are however natural hosts of Cochliobolus species. Cochliobolus species major epidemics such as the Great Bengal famine, Southern corn leaf blight, and Northern leaf spot blight were associated with substantial economic losses in the past decades. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish a specific coordinated global surveillance program for the migration of invasive Cochliobolus species, planning contextual control programs engaging all agricultural stakeholders and information sharing in real time for prevention of disastrous Cochliobolus disease outbreak effects. We discuss pertinent outcome of interactions of cash crops with Cochliobolus species having devastating impact on the livelihood of farmers and food security. While post-genomic era elucidated prominent differences among Cochliobolus heterostrophus, C. carbonum, C. victoriae, C. lunatus and C. miyabeanus, their destructive potentials and implications in food losses remained unearthed. Intriguingly, the annual colossal losses caused by Cochliobolus species in the production perspective of sorghum, wheat, rice, maize, cassava and soybean is estimated over 10 billion USD worldwide. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the invasive Cochliobolus species distribution and diversity, evolving pathogenicity, persistent diseases, threats and epidemics, consequences on food crops production and increasing global food insecurity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bengyella
- Omics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, Gauteng, South Africa.
- School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences (SBBS), The University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.
| | - Elsie Laban Yekwa
- Division of Medical Virology, The Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Cape Town, 8000, Western Cape, P.O. Box 241, South Africa
| | - Kiran Nawaz
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Iftikhar
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ernest Tambo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon.
| | - Arghavan Alisoltani
- Omics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Naser Aliye Feto
- Omics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Pranab Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, West Bengal, 721657, India.
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Gao JX, Yu CJ, Wang M, Sun JN, Li YQ, Chen J. Involvement of a velvet protein ClVelB in the regulation of vegetative differentiation, oxidative stress response, secondary metabolism, and virulence in Curvularia lunata. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46054. [PMID: 28393907 PMCID: PMC5385503 DOI: 10.1038/srep46054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The ortholog of Aspergillus nidulans VelB, which is known as ClVelB, was studied to gain a broader insight into the functions of a velvet protein in Curvularia lunata. With the expected common and specific functions of ClVelB, the deletion of clvelB results in similar though not identical phenotypes. The pathogenicity assays revealed that ΔClVelB was impaired in colonizing the host tissue, which corresponds to the finding that ClVelB controls the production of conidia and the methyl 5-(hydroxymethyl) furan-2-carboxylate toxin in C. lunata. However, the deletion of clvelB led to the increase in aerial hyphae and melanin formation. In addition, ΔClVelB showed a decreased sensitivity to iprodione and fludioxonil fungicides and a decreased resistance to cell wall-damaging agents and osmotic stress and tolerance to H2O2. The ultrastructural analysis indicated that the cell wall of ΔClVelB became thinner, which agrees with the finding that the accumulated level of glycerol in ΔClVelB is lower than the wild-type. Furthermore, the interaction of ClVelB with ClVeA and ClVosA was identified in the present research through the yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Results indicate that ClVelB plays a vital role in the regulation of various cellular processes in C. lunata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jin Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Nan Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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37
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Kumar A, Pandey V, Singh M, Pandey D, Saharan MS, Marla SS. Draft genome sequence of Karnal bunt pathogen (Tilletia indica) of wheat provides insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of quarantined fungus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171323. [PMID: 28152050 PMCID: PMC5289553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Karnal bunt disease in wheat is caused by hemibiotrophic fungus, Tilletia indica that has been placed as quarantine pest in more than 70 countries. Despite its economic importance, little knowledge about the molecular components of fungal pathogenesis is known. In this study, first time the genome sequence of T. indica has been deciphered for unraveling the effectors' functions of molecular pathogenesis of Karnal bunt disease. The T. indica genome was sequenced employing hybrid approach of PacBio Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) and Illumina HiSEQ 2000 sequencing platforms. The genome was assembled into 10,957 contigs (N50 contig length 3 kb) with total size of 26.7 Mb and GC content of 53.99%. The number of predicted putative genes were 11,535, which were annotated with Gene Ontology databases. Functional annotation of Karnal bunt pathogen genome and classification of identified effectors into protein families revealed interesting functions related to pathogenesis. Search for effectors' genes using pathogen host interaction database identified 135 genes. The T. indica genome sequence and putative genes involved in molecular pathogenesis would further help in devising novel and effective disease management strategies including development of resistant wheat genotypes, novel biomarkers for pathogen detection and new targets for fungicide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vishakha Pandey
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manoj Singh
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M. S. Saharan
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Soma S. Marla
- Division of Genomic Resources, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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38
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Zhang DD, Wang XY, Chen JY, Kong ZQ, Gui YJ, Li NY, Bao YM, Dai XF. Identification and characterization of a pathogenicity-related gene VdCYP1 from Verticillium dahliae. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27979. [PMID: 27329129 PMCID: PMC4916405 DOI: 10.1038/srep27979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes vascular wilt disease in a wide variety of crop plants, thereby causing extensive economic loss. In present study, one V. dahliae T-DNA mutant M01C06 showed the pathogenicity loss on cotton, and the expression of a flanking gene encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450, VdCYP1) was strongly repressed. P450s of fungi could affect the fungal pathogenicity by involving in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. However, there was no report about the pathogenic function of P450s in V. dahliae. VdCYP1 gene deletion and complementation experiments confirmed that VdCYP1 was the pathogenicity-related gene in V. dahliae. A comparison of culture supernatants of the VdCYP1 deletion mutants and wild-type strains indicates that at least 14 kinds of secondary metabolites syntheses were affected due to VdCYP1 gene deletion. One of these compounds, sulfacetamide, had the ability to induce the necrosis and wilting symptoms in cotton. Above results indicate that VdCYP1 could participate in pathogenesis by involving the secondary metabolism in V. dahliae, such as the compound sulfacetamide. In conclusion, VdCYP1 acts as an important pathogenicity-related factor to involve in secondary metabolism that likely contributes to the pathogenic process in V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhang
- The Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yan Wang
- The Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- The Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Kong
- The Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Jing Gui
- The Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Yang Li
- The Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Bao
- The Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- The Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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39
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Liu T, Wang Y, Ma B, Hou J, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Ke X, Tai L, Zuo Y, Dey K. Clg2p interacts with Clf and ClUrase to regulate appressorium formation, pathogenicity and conidial morphology in Curvularia lunata. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24047. [PMID: 27041392 PMCID: PMC4819193 DOI: 10.1038/srep24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras is a small GTPase that regulates numerous processes in the cellular development and morphogenesis of many organisms. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized the Clg2p gene of Curvularia lunata, which is homologous with the Ras protein. The Clg2p deletion mutant (ΔClg2p) had altered appressorium formation and conidial morphology and produced fewer, smaller lesions compared with the wild-type strain. When a dominant Clg2p allele was introduced into the mutant, all of these defective phenotypes were completely restored. To further understand the regulation of Clg2p in appressorium formation and conidial morphology, and its role in pathogenicity, seven Clg2p-interacting proteins were screened using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Two of these proteins, Clf, a homologue of Mst11, which corresponds to MAP kinase kinase kinase in Magnaporthe oryzae, and urate oxidase (designated ClUrase) were functionally characterized. Clg2p specifically interacted with Clf through its RA domain to regulate appressorium formation and pathogenicity, whereas the Clg2p-ClUrase interaction regulated conidial morphology without affecting fungal pathogenicity. This report is the first to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the key Ras protein Clg2p in C. lunata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Bingchen Ma
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Jumei Hou
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Yazhong Jin
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Youli Zhang
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Xiwang Ke
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Lianmei Tai
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Yuhu Zuo
- Institute of Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology, School of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, P. R. China
| | - Kishore Dey
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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40
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Genome-wide identification, classification and expression analysis in fungal-plant interactions of cutinase gene family and functional analysis of a putative ClCUT7 in Curvularia lunata. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1105-15. [PMID: 26767524 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutinase is described as playing various roles in fungal-plant pathogen interactions, such as eliciting host-derived signals, fungal spore attachment and carbon acquisition during saprophytic growth. However, the characteristics of the cutinase genes, their expression in compatible interactions and their roles in pathogenesis have not been reported in Curvularia lunata, an important leaf spot pathogen of maize in China. Therefore, a cutinase gene family analysis could have profound significance. In this study, we identified 13 cutinase genes (ClCUT1 to ClCUT13) in the C. lunata genome. Multiple sequence alignment showed that most fungal cutinase proteins had one highly conserved GYSQG motif and a similar DxVCxG[ST]-[LIVMF](3)-x(3)H motif. Gene structure analyses of the cutinases revealed a complex intron-exon pattern with differences in the position and number of introns and exons. Based on phylogenetic relationship analysis, C. lunata cutinases and 78 known cutinase proteins from other fungi were classified into four groups with subgroups, but the C. lunata cutinases clustered in only three of the four groups. Motif analyses showed that each group of cutinases from C. lunata had a common motif. Real-time PCR indicated that transcript levels of the cutinase genes in a compatible interaction between pathogen and host had varied expression patterns. Interestingly, the transcript levels of ClCUT7 gradually increased during early pathogenesis with the most significant up-regulation at 3 h post-inoculation. When ClCUT7 was deleted, pathogenicity of the mutant decreased on unwounded maize (Zea mays) leaves. On wounded maize leaves, however, the mutant caused symptoms similar to the wild-type strain. Moreover, the ClCUT7 mutant had an approximately 10 % reduction in growth rate when cutin was the sole carbon source. In conclusion, we identified and characterized the cutinase family genes of C. lunata, analyzed their expression patterns in a compatible host-pathogen interaction, and explored the role of ClCUT7 in pathogenicity. This work will increase our understanding of cutinase genes in other fungal-plant pathogens.
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41
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Identification of microRNA-like RNAs from Curvularia lunata associated with maize leaf spot by bioinformation analysis and deep sequencing. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:587-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Pusztahelyi T, Holb IJ, Pócsi I. Secondary metabolites in fungus-plant interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:573. [PMID: 26300892 PMCID: PMC4527079 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungi and plants are rich sources of thousands of secondary metabolites. The genetically coded possibilities for secondary metabolite production, the stimuli of the production, and the special phytotoxins basically determine the microscopic fungi-host plant interactions and the pathogenic lifestyle of fungi. The review introduces plant secondary metabolites usually with antifungal effect as well as the importance of signaling molecules in induced systemic resistance and systemic acquired resistance processes. The review also concerns the mimicking of plant effector molecules like auxins, gibberellins and abscisic acid by fungal secondary metabolites that modulate plant growth or even can subvert the plant defense responses such as programmed cell death to gain nutrients for fungal growth and colonization. It also looks through the special secondary metabolite production and host selective toxins of some significant fungal pathogens and the plant response in form of phytoalexin production. New results coming from genome and transcriptional analyses in context of selected fungal pathogens and their hosts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre J. Holb
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Horticulture, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of SciencesDebrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
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Gao JX, Jing J, Yu CJ, Chen J. Construction of a High-Quality Yeast Two-Hybrid Library and Its Application in Identification of Interacting Proteins with Brn1 in Curvularia lunata. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 31:108-14. [PMID: 26060429 PMCID: PMC4453991 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2015.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Curvularia lunata is an important maize foliar fungal pathogen that distributes widely in maize growing area in China, and several key pathogenic factors have been isolated. An yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) library is a very useful platform to further unravel novel pathogenic factors in C. lunata. To construct a high-quality full length-expression cDNA library from the C. lunata for application to pathogenesis-related protein-protein interaction screening, total RNA was extracted. The SMART (Switching Mechanism At 5' end of the RNA Transcript) technique was used for cDNA synthesis. Double-stranded cDNA was ligated into the pGADT7-Rec vector with Herring Testes Carrier DNA using homologous recombination method. The ligation mixture was transformed into competent yeast AH109 cells to construct the primary cDNA library. Eventually, a high qualitative library was successfully established according to an evaluation on quality. The transformation efficiency was about 6.39 ×10(5) transformants/3 μg pGADT7-Rec. The titer of the primary cDNA library was 2.5×10(8) cfu/mL. The numbers for the cDNA library was 2.46×10(5). Randomly picked clones show that the recombination rate was 88.24%. Gel electrophoresis results indicated that the fragments ranged from 0.4 kb to 3.0 kb. Melanin synthesis protein Brn1 (1,3,8-hydroxynaphthalene reductase) was used as a "bait" to test the sufficiency of the Y2H library. As a result, a cDNA clone encoding VelB protein that was known to be involved in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including control of secondary metabolism containing melanin and toxin production in many filamentous fungi was identified. Further study on the exact role of the VelB gene is underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
| | - Jing Jing
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jin Yu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240,
P. R. China
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Yu C, Fan L, Gao J, Wang M, Wu Q, Tang J, Li Y, Chen J. The platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene derived from Trichoderma harzianum induces maize resistance to Curvularia lunata through the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:708-17. [PMID: 26273755 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1048104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) derived from Trichoderma harzianum was upregulated by the interaction of T. harzianum with maize roots or the foliar pathogen Curvularia lunata. PAF-AH was associated with chitinase and cellulase expressions, but especially with chitinase, because its activity in the KO40 transformant (PAF-AH disruption transformant) was lower, compared with the wild-type strain T28. The result demonstrated that the colonization of maize roots by T. harzianum induced systemic protection of leaves inoculated with C. lunata. Such protection was associated with the expression of inducible jasmonic acid pathway-related genes. Moreover, the data from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed that the concentration of jasmonic acid in maize leaves was associated with the expression level of defense-related genes, suggesting that PAF-AH induced resistance to the foliar pathogen. Our findings showed that PAF-AH had an important function in inducing systemic resistance to maize leaf spot pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjin Yu
- a Department of Resource and Environmental Science , School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
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