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The chalara-like anamorphs of Leotiomycetes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-023-00515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe chalara-like anamorphs of Leotiomycetes are phialidic hyphomycetes with cylindrical collarettes and deeply seated sporulating loci, and hyaline, aseptate or septate, cylindrical conidia. They are commonly found on plant litters in both terrestrial and submerged environments, and with broad geographical distribution. This paper reports our research result of diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of these fungi in China, which is based on a systematic study by using an integrated approach of literature study, morphological observation and phylogenetic analyses of 153 chalara-like fungal species with diversified morphology in conidiomata, setae, conidiophores, phialides and conidia. The phylogenetic analyses employing different datasets of SSU, LSU and ITS sequences of 116 species showed that these chalara-like fungi were paraphyletic and scattered in 20 accepted genera belonging to five families of Leotiomycetes: Arachnopezizaceae, Hamatocanthoscyphaceae, Helotiaceae, Neolauriomycetaceae and Pezizellaceae. Additional six genera, Ascoconidium, Bioscypha, Chalarodendron, Didonia, Phaeoscypha and Tapesina, all reported with chalara-like anamorphs in literatures, are also accepted as members of Pezizellaceae or Leotiomycetes genera incertae sedis. Among of these 26 accepted genera of chalara-like fungi in Leotiomycetes, 17 genera are asexually typified genera (Ascoconidium, Bloxamia, Chalara, Chalarodendron, Constrictochalara, Cylindrochalara, Cylindrocephalum, Leochalara, Lareunionomyces, Minichalara, Neochalara, Neolauriomyces, Nagrajchalara, Parachalara, Stipitochalara, Xenochalara and Zymochalara), and 9 are sexually typified genera (Bioscypha, Bloxamiella, Calycellina, Calycina, Didonia, Hymenoscyphus, Mollisina, Phaeoscypha and Tapesina). The phylogenetic significance of conidial septation in generic delimitation was further confirmed; while other morphologies such as conidiomata, setae, conidiophores, phialides, conidial length, and conidial ornamentation have little phylogenetic significance, but could be used for species delimitation. The polyphyletic genus Chalara s. lat. is revised with monophyletic generic concepts by redelimitation of Chalara s. str. in a narrow concept, adaption of the emended Calycina to also include asexually typified chalara-like fungi, reinstatement of Cylindrocephalum, and introduction of six new genera: Constrictochalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao, Leochalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao, Minichalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao, Nagrajchalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao, Parachalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao and Stipitochalara W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao. Chaetochalara becomes a synonym of Chalara s. str., and the known species are disassembled into Chalara s. str. and Nagrajchalara. The polyphyletic genus Bloxamia is also redefined by introducing the new genus Bloxamiella W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao for B. cyatheicola. Five existing species of Chalara s. lat. were excluded from Leotiomycetes and reclassified: Chalara breviclavata as Chalarosphaeria breviclavata W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao gen. et sp. nov. in Chaetosphaeriaceae, C. vaccinii as Sordariochalara vaccinii W.P. Wu & Y.Z. Diao gen. et sp. nov. in Lasiosphaeriaceae, and three other Chalara species with hyaline phialides, C. hyalina, C. schoenoplecti and C. siamense as combinations of Pyxidiophora in Pyxidiophoraceae. For biodiversity of these fungi in China, a total of 80 species in 12 genera, including 60 new species, 17 new records and 1 new name, were discovered and documented in this paper. In addition, five species including three new species are reported from Japan. In connection to this revision, a total of 44 new combinations are made. The identification keys are provided for most of these genera. Future research area of these fungi should be the phylogenetic relationship of several sexually typified genera such as Bioscypha, Calycellina, Calycina, Didonia, Phaeoscypha, Rodwayella and Tapesina, and systematic revision of existing names under the genera Bloxamia, Chaetochalara and Chalara.
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Meroni A, Grosser J, Agashe S, Ramakrishnan N, Jackson J, Verma P, Baranello L, Vindigni A. NEDDylated Cullin 3 mediates the adaptive response to topoisomerase 1 inhibitors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0648. [PMID: 36490343 PMCID: PMC9733930 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP11) inhibitors are mainstays of anticancer therapy. These drugs trap TOP1 on DNA, stabilizing the TOP1-cleavage complex (TOP1-cc). The accumulation of TOP1-ccs perturbs DNA replication fork progression, leading to DNA breaks and cell death. By analyzing the genomic occupancy and activity of TOP1, we show that cells adapt to treatment with multiple doses of TOP1 inhibitor by promoting the degradation of TOP1-ccs, allowing cells to better tolerate subsequent doses of TOP1 inhibitor. The E3-RING Cullin 3 ligase in complex with the BTBD1 and BTBD2 adaptor proteins promotes TOP1-cc ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. NEDDylation of Cullin 3 activates this pathway, and inhibition of protein NEDDylation or depletion of Cullin 3 sensitizes cancer cells to TOP1 inhibitors. Collectively, our data uncover a previously unidentified NEDD8-Cullin 3 pathway involved in the adaptive response to TOP1 inhibitors, which can be targeted to improve the efficacy of TOP1 drugs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Meroni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jan Grosser
- Karolinska Institutet, CMB, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sumedha Agashe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natasha Ramakrishnan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica Jackson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Vindigni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Wu W, Diao Y. Anamorphic chaetosphaeriaceous fungi from China. FUNGAL DIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChaetosphaeriaceae is one of the largest families in Sordariomycetes with its members commonly found on decaying leaf, fruit, branch, bark and wood in both terrestrial and submerged environment in nature. This paper reports our research result of diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of anamorphic Chaetosphaeriaceae in China, which is based on a systematic study with an integrated approach of morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis for a large collection (> 1300 herbarium specimens and 1100 living strains). The family Chaetosphaeriaceae is expanded to accommodate 89 accepted genera, including 22 new genera and 10 newly assigned genera. Most of these genera (except for Chaetosphaeria and several other relatively large genera) are delimitated as monophyletic genera with well-defined diagnostic characters in morphology. The phylogenetic connection of non-phialidic Sporidesmium-like fungi is further confirmed and expanded to 10 different genera. The polyphyletic Codinaea/Dictyochaeta/Tainosphaeria complex is further resolved with a taxonomic framework of 28 monophyletic genera by redelimitation of Codinaea and Dictyochaeta with narrower concept, acceptance of the 16 established genera, and finally introduction of 10 new genera. Chloridium is phylogenetically redefined as monophyletic genus with narrower concept as typified by the type species, but a systematic review in both generic and species level is still needed. For biodiversity of chaetosphaeriaceous fungi, a total of 369 species in 76 genera, including 119 new species, 47 new combinations, and one new name, are documented. The identification keys are provided for most genera, especially the large genera such as Codinaea s. str., Codinaeella, Stilbochaeta, Cryptophiale, Thozetella, Dinemasporium and Pseudolachnella. In addition, ten known species were excluded from the family and reclassified. Systematic revision of several relatively large polyphyletic genera should be conducted in future studies, including Bahusutrabeeja, Ellisembia, Stanjehughesia, Cacumisporium, Chaetosphaeria, Chloridium, Craspedodidymum, Cryptophiale, Cryptophialoidea, Dictyochaetopsis, Minimidochium, and many published species of Codinaea and Dictyochaeta.
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Joshi M, Andrabi SW, Yadav RK, Sankhwar SN, Gupta G, Rajender S. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of sperm miRNAs identifies hsa-miR-9-3p, hsa-miR-30b-5p and hsa-miR-122-5p as potential biomarkers of male infertility and sperm quality. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:122. [PMID: 35971175 PMCID: PMC9377062 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast with the preceding stages of the germ cells, spermatozoa are unusually rich in small non-coding RNAs in comparison to the coding RNAs. These small RNAs may have had an essential role in the process of spermatogenesis or may have critical roles in the post-fertilization development. Sporadic efforts have identified a few differentially expressed miRNAs in infertile individuals, which do not replicate in other studies. METHODS In order to identify miRNAs signatures of infertility or poor sperm quality, we compared miRNA differential expression data across nine datasets, followed by their analysis by real-time PCR in a case-control study. This was followed by the validation of potential biomarkers in yet another set of cases and controls. For this, total RNA was isolated from 161 sperm samples. miRNA expression levels in infertile cases and fertile controls were measured using TaqMan real-time PCR. Meta-analyses of two miRNAs (hsa-miR-9-3p and hsa-miR-122-5p) were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (version 2). All statistical analyses were performed with the help of GraphPad Prism Software (version 8). RESULTS Literature search identified seven miRNAs (hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-9-3p, hsa-miR-22-5p, has-miR-30b-5p, hsa-miR-103-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p and hsa-miR-335-5p) showing consistent dysregulation in infertility across a minimum of four studies. In the discovery phase, six miRNAs showed strong association with infertility with four (hsa-miR-9-3p, hsa-miR-30b-5p, hsa-miR-103-3p and hsa-miR-122-5p) showing consistent differential regulation across all sub-groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under curve of > 0.75 was achieved by three (hsa-mir-9-3p, hsa-miR-30b-5p and hsa-miR-122-5p) miRNAs. In the validation phase, these three miRNAs showed consistent association with infertility (hsa-mir-9-3p, hsa-miR-30b-5p, and hsa-miR-122-5p). Meta-analysis on hsa-miR-122-5p showed its significant quantitative association with infertility [Hedge's g = -2.428, p = 0.001 (Random effects)]. CONCLUSIONS Three miRNAs (hsa-miR-9-3p, hsa-miR-30b-5p and hsa-miR-122-5p) have strong linkage with infertility and a high potential as sperm quality biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghali Joshi
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | - Gopal Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Finney M, Romanowski J, Adelman ZN. Strategies to improve homology-based repair outcomes following CRISPR-based gene editing in mosquitoes: lessons in how to keep any repair disruptions local. Virol J 2022; 19:128. [PMID: 35908059 PMCID: PMC9338592 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmable gene editing systems such as CRISPR-Cas have made mosquito genome engineering more practical and accessible, catalyzing the development of cutting-edge genetic methods of disease vector control. This progress, however, has been limited by the low efficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR)-based sequence integration at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and a lack of understanding about DSB repair in mosquitoes. Innovative efforts to optimize HDR sequence integration by inhibiting non-homologous end joining or promoting HDR have been performed in mammalian systems, however many of these approaches have not been applied to mosquitoes. Here, we review some of the most relevant steps of DNA DSB repair choice and highlight promising approaches that influence this choice to enhance HDR in the context of mosquito gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Finney
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 329A Minnie Belle Heep Center, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Joseph Romanowski
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 329A Minnie Belle Heep Center, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zach N Adelman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 329A Minnie Belle Heep Center, 370 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Establishment and Verification of a Gene Signature for Diagnosing Type 2 Diabetics by WGCNA, LASSO Analysis, and In Vitro Experiments. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4446342. [PMID: 35655479 PMCID: PMC9152403 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4446342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes are increasing with age. Nevertheless, there is lack of sensitive diagnostic tools and effective therapeutic regimens. We aimed to establish and verify a practical and valid diagnostic tool for this disease. Methods WGCNA was presented on the expression profiling of type 2 diabetic and normal islets in combined GSE25724 and GSE38642 datasets. By LASSO Cox regression analyses, a gene signature was constructed based on the genes in diabetes-related modules. ROC curves were plotted for assessing the diagnostic efficacy. Correlations between the genes and immune cell infiltration and pathways were analyzed. BST2 and BTBD1 expression was verified in glucotoxicity-induced and normal islet β cells. The influence of BST2 on β cell dysfunction was investigated under si-BST2 transfection. Results Totally, 14 coexpression modules were constructed, and red and cyan modules displayed the correlations to diabetes. The LASSO gene signature (BST2, BTBD1, IFIT1, IFIT3, and RTP4) was developed. The AUCs in the combined datasets and GSE20966 dataset were separately 0.914 and 0.910, confirming the excellent performance in diagnosing type 2 diabetes. Each gene in the model was distinctly correlated to immune cell infiltration and key signaling pathways (TGF-β and P53, etc.). The abnormal expression of BST2 and BTBD1 was confirmed in glucotoxicity-induced β cells. BST2 knockdown ameliorated β cell dysfunction and altered the activation of TGF-β and P53 pathways. Conclusion Our findings propose a gene signature with high efficacy to diagnose type 2 diabetes, which could assist and improve early diagnosis and therapy.
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Zhang X, Xuan J, Yao C, Gao Q, Wang L, Jin X, Li S. A deep learning approach for orphan gene identification in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) based on the CNN + Transformer model. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:162. [PMID: 35513802 PMCID: PMC9069780 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orphan gene play an important role in the environmental stresses of many species and their identification is a critical step to understand biological functions. Moso bamboo has high ecological, economic and cultural value. Studies have shown that the growth of moso bamboo is influenced by various stresses. Several traditional methods are time-consuming and inefficient. Hence, the development of efficient and high-accuracy computational methods for predicting orphan genes is of great significance. Results In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning model (CNN + Transformer) for identifying orphan genes in moso bamboo. It uses a convolutional neural network in combination with a transformer neural network to capture k-mer amino acids and features between k-mer amino acids in protein sequences. The experimental results show that the average balance accuracy value of CNN + Transformer on moso bamboo dataset can reach 0.875, and the average Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) value can reach 0.471. For the same testing set, the Balance Accuracy (BA), Geometric Mean (GM), Bookmaker Informedness (BM), and MCC values of the recurrent neural network, long short-term memory, gated recurrent unit, and transformer models are all lower than those of CNN + Transformer, which indicated that the model has the extensive ability for OG identification in moso bamboo. Conclusions CNN + Transformer model is feasible and obtains the credible predictive results. It may also provide valuable references for other related research. As our knowledge, this is the first model to adopt the deep learning techniques for identifying orphan genes in plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04702-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230001, China.,College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Jinxiang Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230001, China.,College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Chensong Yao
- Graduate School, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qijuan Gao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Lianglong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230001, China.,College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Xiu Jin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230001, China. .,College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Shaowen Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Smart Agricultural Technology and Equipment, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230001, China. .,College of Information and Computer Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230001, China.
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Li JF, Jiang HB, Jeewon R, Hongsanan S, Bhat DJ, Tang SM, Mortimer PE, Xu JC, Camporesi E, Bulgakov TS, Zhao GJ, Suwannarach N, Phookamsak R. <i>Alternaria</i>: update on species limits, evolution, multi-locus phylogeny, and classification. STUDIES IN FUNGI 2022. [DOI: 10.48130/sif-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Brunialti E, Villa A, Mekhaeil M, Mornata F, Vegeto E, Maggi A, Di Monte DA, Ciana P. Inhibition of microglial β-glucocerebrosidase hampers the microglia-mediated antioxidant and protective response in neurons. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:220. [PMID: 34551802 PMCID: PMC8459568 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homozygotic mutations in the GBA gene cause Gaucher's disease; moreover, both patients and heterozygotic carriers have been associated with 20- to 30-fold increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. In homozygosis, these mutations impair the activity of β-glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme encoded by GBA, and generate a lysosomal disorder in macrophages, which changes morphology towards an engorged phenotype, considered the hallmark of Gaucher's disease. Notwithstanding the key role of macrophages in this disease, most of the effects in the brain have been attributed to the β-glucocerebrosidase deficit in neurons, while a microglial phenotype for these mutations has never been reported. METHODS We applied the bioluminescence imaging technology, immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis to investigate the consequences of microglial β-glucocerebrosidase inhibition in the brain of reporter mice, in primary neuron/microglia cocultures and in cell lines. The use of primary cells from reporter mice allowed for the first time, to discriminate in cocultures neuronal from microglial responses consequent to the β-glucocerebrosidase inhibition; results were finally confirmed by pharmacological depletion of microglia from the brain of mice. RESULTS Our data demonstrate the existence of a novel neuroprotective mechanism mediated by a direct microglia-to-neuron contact supported by functional actin structures. This cellular contact stimulates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activity in neurons, a key signal involved in drug detoxification, redox balance, metabolism, autophagy, lysosomal biogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and neuroinflammation. The central role played by microglia in this neuronal response in vivo was proven by depletion of the lineage in the brain of reporter mice. Pharmacological inhibition of microglial β-glucocerebrosidase was proven to induce morphological changes, to turn on an anti-inflammatory/repairing pathway, and to hinder the microglia ability to activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 response, thus increasing the neuronal susceptibility to neurotoxins. CONCLUSION This mechanism provides a possible explanation for the increased risk of neurodegeneration observed in carriers of GBA mutations and suggest novel therapeutic strategies designed to revert the microglial phenotype associated with β-glucocerebrosidase inhibition, aimed at resetting the protective microglia-to-neuron communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Federica Mornata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ciana
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Qiu X, Lin J, Liang B, Chen Y, Liu G, Zheng J. Identification of Hub Genes and MicroRNAs Associated With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses. Front Genet 2021; 12:667406. [PMID: 33995494 PMCID: PMC8117102 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.636934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is the identification of hub genes associated with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Materials and Methods GSE15197 gene expression data was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by screening IPAH patients and controls. The 5,000 genes with the greatest variances were analyzed using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Modules with the strongest correlation with IPAH were chosen, followed by a functional enrichment analysis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify hub gene candidates using calculated degrees. Real hub genes were found from the overlap of DEGs and candidate hub genes. microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting real hub genes were found by screening miRNet 2.0. The most important IPAH miRNAs were identified. Results There were 4,395 DEGs identified. WGCNA indicated that green and brown modules associated most strongly with IPAH. Functional enrichment analysis showed that green and brown module genes were mainly involved in protein digestion and absorption and proteoglycans in cancer, respectively. The top ten candidate hub genes in green and brown modules were identified, respectively. After overlapping with DEGs, 11 real hub genes were identified: EP300, MMP2, CDH2, CDK2, GNG10, ALB, SMC2, DHX15, CUL3, BTBD1, and LTN1. These genes were expressed with significant differences in IPAH versus controls, indicating a high diagnostic ability. The miRNA–gene network showed that hsa-mir-1-3p could associate with IPAH. Conclusion EP300, MMP2, CDH2, CDK2, GNG10, ALB, SMC2, DHX15, CUL3, BTBD1, and LTN1 may play essential roles in IPAH. Predicted miRNA hsa-mir-1-3p could regulate gene expression in IPAH. Such hub genes may contribute to the pathology and progression in IPAH, providing potential diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for IPAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinyan Lin
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bixiao Liang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanbing Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqun Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Blondelle J, Biju A, Lange S. The Role of Cullin-RING Ligases in Striated Muscle Development, Function, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7936. [PMID: 33114658 PMCID: PMC7672578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-orchestrated turnover of proteins in cross-striated muscles is one of the fundamental processes required for muscle cell function and survival. Dysfunction of the intricate protein degradation machinery is often associated with development of cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies. Most muscle proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS involves a number of enzymes, including E3-ligases, which tightly control which protein substrates are marked for degradation by the proteasome. Recent data reveal that E3-ligases of the cullin family play more diverse and crucial roles in cross striated muscles than previously anticipated. This review highlights some of the findings on the multifaceted functions of cullin-RING E3-ligases, their substrate adapters, muscle protein substrates, and regulatory proteins, such as the Cop9 signalosome, for the development of cross striated muscles, and their roles in the etiology of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Biju
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephan Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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An M, Wang X, Chang D, Wang S, Hong D, Fan H, Wang K. Application of compound material alleviates saline and alkaline stress in cotton leaves through regulation of the transcriptome. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:462. [PMID: 33032521 PMCID: PMC7542905 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization and alkalinization are the main factors that affect the agricultural productivity. Evaluating the persistence of the compound material applied in field soils is an important part of the regulation of the responses of cotton to saline and alkaline stresses. RESULT To determine the molecular effects of compound material on the cotton's responses to saline stress and alkaline stress, cotton was planted in the salinized soil (NaCl 8 g kg- 1) and alkalized soil (Na2CO3 8 g kg- 1) after application of the compound material, and ion content, physiological characteristics, and transcription of new cotton leaves at flowering and boll-forming stage were analyzed. The results showed that compared with saline stress, alkaline stress increased the contents of Na+, K+, SOD, and MDA in leaves. The application of the compound material reduced the content of Na+ but increased the K+/Na+ ratio, the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, and REC. Transcriptome analysis revealed that after the application of the compound material, the Na+/H+ exchanger gene in cotton leaves was down-regulated, while the K+ transporter, K+ channel, and POD genes were up-regulated. Besides, the down-regulation of genes related to lignin synthesis in phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway had a close relationship with the ion content and physiological characteristics in leaves. The quantitative analysis with PCR proved the reliability of the results of RNA sequencing. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the compound material alleviated saline stress and alkaline stress on cotton leaves by regulating candidate genes in key biological pathways, which improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the compound material regulating the responses of cotton to saline stress and alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie An
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Doudou Chang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dashuang Hong
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Fan
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Tanapichatsakul C, Pansanit A, Monggoot S, Brooks S, Prachya S, Kittakoop P, Panuwet P, Pripdeevech P. Antifungal activity of 8-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol isolated from the endophytic fungus Diatrype palmicola MFLUCC 17-0313 against the plant pathogenic fungus Athelia rolfsii on tomatoes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9103. [PMID: 32411538 PMCID: PMC7204883 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-four endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the leaves of the medicinal plant Polyscias fruticosa, and their antagonistic activities against the growth of the common tomatoes plant pathogenic fungus Athelia rolfsii were initially screened using a dual culture assay. The endophytic fungus MFLUCC 17-0313, which was later molecularly identified as Diatrype palmicola, displayed the highest inhibition percentage (49.98%) in comparison to the others. This fungus was then chosen for further evaluation. Its culture broth and mycelia from a 10 L scale were separated and extracted using ethyl acetate, methanol, and hexane. Each extract was tested for antifungal activity against the same pathogen using a disc diffusion assay. Only the crude hexane extract of fungal mycelium showed antifungal activity. The hexane extract was fractioned using sephadex gel filtration chromatography and each fraction was tested for antifungal activity until the one with the highest inhibition percentage was obtained. The bioactive compound was identified as 8-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibition concentration of 8-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol was demonstrated at 250 µg/mL against the selected pathogen. Using the leaf assay, the solution of 8-methoxynapthalen-1-ol was tested for phytotoxic activity against A. rolfsii and was found to have no phytotoxic effects. These results showed that 8-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol has the potential for controlling the growth of A. rolfsii, the cause of Southern blight disease on tomatoes. This study may provide the foundation for future use of this compound as a biofungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sakon Monggoot
- Institute of Beauty and Health Sciences Co.,Ltd. (IBHS/BKK), Sakdibhornssup Bldg., Makkasan, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siraprapa Brooks
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Patcharee Pripdeevech
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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14
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Lee YL, Bosse M, Mullaart E, Groenen MAM, Veerkamp RF, Bouwman AC. Functional and population genetic features of copy number variations in two dairy cattle populations. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:89. [PMID: 31992181 PMCID: PMC6988284 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy Number Variations (CNVs) are gain or loss of DNA segments that are known to play a role in shaping a wide range of phenotypes. In this study, we used two dairy cattle populations, Holstein Friesian and Jersey, to discover CNVs using the Illumina BovineHD Genotyping BeadChip aligned to the ARS-UCD1.2 assembly. The discovered CNVs were investigated for their functional impact and their population genetics features. RESULTS We discovered 14,272 autosomal CNVs, which were aggregated into 1755 CNV regions (CNVR) from 451 animals. These CNVRs together cover 2.8% of the bovine autosomes. The assessment of the functional impact of CNVRs showed that rare CNVRs (MAF < 0.01) are more likely to overlap with genes, than common CNVRs (MAF ≥ 0.05). The Population differentiation index (Fst) based on CNVRs revealed multiple highly diverged CNVRs between the two breeds. Some of these CNVRs overlapped with candidate genes such as MGAM and ADAMTS17 genes, which are related to starch digestion and body size, respectively. Lastly, linkage disequilibrium (LD) between CNVRs and BovineHD BeadChip SNPs was generally low, close to 0, although common deletions (MAF ≥ 0.05) showed slightly higher LD (r2 = ~ 0.1 at 10 kb distance) than the rest. Nevertheless, this LD is still lower than SNP-SNP LD (r2 = ~ 0.5 at 10 kb distance). CONCLUSIONS Our analyses showed that CNVRs detected using BovineHD BeadChip arrays are likely to be functional. This finding indicates that CNVs can potentially disrupt the function of genes and thus might alter phenotypes. Also, the population differentiation index revealed two candidate genes, MGAM and ADAMTS17, which hint at adaptive evolution between the two populations. Lastly, low CNVR-SNP LD implies that genetic variation from CNVs might not be fully captured in routine animal genetic evaluation, which relies solely on SNP markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Lim Lee
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen, AH, 6700, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirte Bosse
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen, AH, 6700, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martien A M Groenen
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen, AH, 6700, the Netherlands
| | - Roel F Veerkamp
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen, AH, 6700, the Netherlands
| | - Aniek C Bouwman
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, Wageningen, AH, 6700, the Netherlands
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Tan C, Liu H, Ren J, Ye X, Feng H, Liu Z. Single-molecule real-time sequencing facilitates the analysis of transcripts and splice isoforms of anthers in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:517. [PMID: 31771515 PMCID: PMC6880451 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anther development has been extensively studied at the transcriptional level, but a systematic analysis of full-length transcripts on a genome-wide scale has not yet been published. Here, the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Sequel platform and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology were combined to generate full-length sequences and completed structures of transcripts in anthers of Chinese cabbage. RESULTS Using single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT), a total of 1,098,119 circular consensus sequences (CCSs) were generated with a mean length of 2664 bp. More than 75% of the CCSs were considered full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads. After error correction, 725,731 high-quality FLNC reads were estimated to carry 51,501 isoforms from 19,503 loci, consisting of 38,992 novel isoforms from known genes and 3691 novel isoforms from novel genes. Of the novel isoforms, we identified 407 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 37,549 open reading frames (ORFs). Furthermore, a total of 453,270 alternative splicing (AS) events were identified and the majority of AS models in anther were determined to be approximate exon skipping (XSKIP) events. Of the key genes regulated during anther development, AS events were mainly identified in the genes SERK1, CALS5, NEF1, and CESA1/3. Additionally, we identified 104 fusion transcripts and 5806 genes that had alternative polyadenylation (APA). CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrated the transcriptome diversity and complexity of anther development in Chinese cabbage. The findings provide a basis for further genome annotation and transcriptome research in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Ye
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Liu M, Sun W, Ma Z, Zheng T, Huang L, Wu Q, Zhao G, Tang Z, Bu T, Li C, Chen H. Genome-wide investigation of the AP2/ERF gene family in tartary buckwheat (Fagopyum Tataricum). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:84. [PMID: 30786863 PMCID: PMC6381666 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AP2/ERF transcription factors perform indispensable functions in various biological processes, such as plant growth, development, biotic and abiotic stresses responses. The AP2/ERF transcription factor family has been identified in many plants, and several AP2/ERF transcription factors from Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) have been functionally characterized. However, little research has been conducted on the AP2/ERF genes of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyum tataricum), which is an important edible and medicinal crop. The recently published whole genome sequence of tartary buckwheat allowed us to study the tissue and expression profiles of AP2/ERF genes in tartary buckwheat on a genome-wide basis. RESULTS In this study, 134 AP2/ERF genes of tartary buckwheat (FtAP2/ERF) were identified and renamed according to the chromosomal distribution of the FtAP2/ERF genes. According to the number conserved domains and gene structure, the AP2/ERF genes were divided into three subfamilies by phylogenetic tree analysis, namely, AP2 (15 members), ERF (116 members) and RAV (3 members). A total of 10 motifs were detected in tartary buckwheat AP2/ERF genes, and some of the unique motifs were found to be important for the function of AP2/ERF genes. CONCLUSION A comprehensive analysis of AP2/ERF gene expression patterns in different tissues and fruit development stages by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that they played an important role in the growth and development of tartary buckwheat, and genes that might regulate flower and fruit development were preliminarily identified. This systematic analysis establishes a foundation for further studies of the functional characteristics of FtAP2/ERF genes and improvement of tartary buckwheat crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyang Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Zhaotang Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Li Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- College of Biological Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, China
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Huen A, Bally J, Smith P. Identification and characterisation of microRNAs and their target genes in phosphate-starved Nicotiana benthamiana by small RNA deep sequencing and 5'RACE analysis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:940. [PMID: 30558535 PMCID: PMC6296076 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus is an important macronutrient that is severely lacking in soils. In plants, specific microRNAs (miRNAs) essential for nutrient management and the regulation of stress responses are responsible for the control of many phosphate starvation responses. Further understanding of conserved and species-specific microRNA species has potential implications for the development of crops tolerant to soils with low phosphate. RESULTS This study identified and characterised phosphate starvation-responsive miRNAs in the native Australian tobacco Nicotiana benthamiana. Small RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced from phosphate-starved plant leaves, stems and roots. Twenty-four conserved miRNA families and 36 species-specific miRNAs were identified. The majority of highly phosphate starvation-responsive miRNAs were highly conserved, comprising of members from the miR399, miR827, and miR2111 families. In addition, two miRNA-star species were identified to be phosphate starvation-responsive. A total of seven miRNA targets were confirmed using RLM-5'RACE to be cleaved by five miRNA families, including two confirmed cleavage targets for Nbe-miR399 species, one for Nbe-miR2111, and two for Nbe-miR398. A number of N. benthamiana-specific features for conserved miRNAs were identified, including species-specific miRNA targets predicted or confirmed for miR399, miR827, and miR398. CONCLUSIONS Our results give an insight into the phosphate starvation-responsive miRNAs of Nicotiana benthamiana, and indicate that the phosphate starvation response pathways in N. benthamiana contain both highly conserved and species-specific components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Huen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Julia Bally
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, Brisbane, 4000, Australia
| | - Penelope Smith
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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18
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Chen G, Ye X, Zhang S, Zhu S, Yuan L, Hou J, Wang C. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between Fertile and CMS Flower Buds in Wucai (Brassica campestris L.). BMC Genomics 2018; 19:908. [PMID: 30541424 PMCID: PMC6292171 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wucai (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. rosularis Tsen) is a variant of nonheading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), which is one of the major vegetables in China. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been used for Wucai breeding in recent years. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of Wucai CMS remains unclear. In this study, the phenotypic and cytological features of Wucai CMS were observed by anatomical analysis, and a comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out to identify genes related to male sterility using Illumina RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq). Results Microscopic observation demonstrated that tapetum development was abnormal in the CMS line, which failed to produce fertile pollen. Bioinformatics analysis detected 4430 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the fertile and sterile flower buds. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to better understand the functions of these DEGs. Among the DEGs, 35 genes (53 DEGS) were implicated in anther and pollen development, and 11 genes were involved in pollen cell wall formation and modification; most of these showed downregulated expression in sterile buds. In addition, several genes related to tapetum development (A6, AMS, MS1, MYB39, and TSM1) and a few genes annotated to flowering (CO, AP3, VIN3, FLC, FT, and AGL) were detected and confirmed by qRT-PCR as being expressed at the meiosis, tetrad, and uninucleate microspore stages, thus implying possible roles in specifying or determining the fate and development of the tapetum, male gametophyte and stamen. Moreover, the top four largest transcription factor families (MYB, bHLH, NAC and WRKY) were analyzed, and most showed reduced expression in sterile buds. These differentially expressed transcription factors might result in abortion of pollen development in Wucai. Conclusion The present comparative transcriptome analysis suggested that many key genes and transcription factors involved in anther development show reduced gene expression patterns in the CMS line, which might contribute to male sterility in Wucai. This study provides valuable information for a better understanding of CMS molecular mechanisms and functional genome studies in Wucai. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5331-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohu Chen
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xinyu Ye
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shengyun Zhang
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shidong Zhu
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China. .,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Breeding, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Wang Y, Xiao D, Wang R, Li F, Zhang F, Wang S. Deep Sequencing-Based Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Nymph Parasitized by Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157684. [PMID: 27332546 PMCID: PMC4917224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a genetically diverse complex with multiple cryptic species, and some are the most destructive invasive pests of many ornamentals and crops worldwide. Encarsia sophia is an autoparasitoid wasp that demonstrated high efficiency as bio-control agent of whiteflies. However, the immune mechanism of B. tabaci parasitization by E. sophia is unknown. In order to investigate immune response of B. tabaci to E. Sophia parasitization, the transcriptome of E. sophia parasitized B. tabaci nymph was sequenced by Illumina sequencing. De novo assembly generated 393,063 unigenes with average length of 616 bp, in which 46,406 unigenes (15.8% of all unigenes) were successfully mapped. Parasitization by E. sophia had significant effects on the transcriptome profile of B. tabaci nymph. A total of 1482 genes were significantly differentially expressed, of which 852 genes were up-regulated and 630 genes were down-regulated. These genes were mainly involved in immune response, development, metabolism and host signaling pathways. At least 52 genes were found to be involved in the host immune response, 33 genes were involved in the development process, and 29 genes were involved in host metabolism. Taken together, the assembled and annotated transcriptome sequences provided a valuable genomic resource for further understanding the molecular mechanism of immune response of B. tabaci parasitization by E. sophia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da Xiao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kinet MJ, Malin JA, Abraham MC, Blum ES, Silverman MR, Lu Y, Shaham S. HSF-1 activates the ubiquitin proteasome system to promote non-apoptotic developmental cell death in C. elegans. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26952214 PMCID: PMC4821803 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a prominent metazoan cell death form. Yet, mutations in apoptosis
regulators cause only minor defects in vertebrate development, suggesting that
another developmental cell death mechanism exists. While some non-apoptotic programs
have been molecularly characterized, none appear to control developmental cell
culling. Linker-cell-type death (LCD) is a morphologically conserved non-apoptotic
cell death process operating in Caenorhabditis elegans and
vertebrate development, and is therefore a compelling candidate process complementing
apoptosis. However, the details of LCD execution are not known. Here we delineate a
molecular-genetic pathway governing LCD in C. elegans. Redundant
activities of antagonistic Wnt signals, a temporal control pathway, and
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase signaling control heat shock factor 1
(HSF-1), a conserved stress-activated transcription factor. Rather than protecting
cells, HSF-1 promotes their demise by activating components of the ubiquitin
proteasome system, including the E2 ligase LET-70/UBE2D2 functioning with E3
components CUL-3, RBX-1, BTBD-2, and SIAH-1. Our studies uncover design similarities
between LCD and developmental apoptosis, and provide testable predictions for
analyzing LCD in vertebrates. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12821.001 Embryos make numerous new cells as they develop, but also destroy many cells to
remove the faulty ones and to ensure that tissues grow to the right size and shape.
This deliberate form of cell death must be precisely regulated to prevent too many
cells or healthy cells, from being destroyed. Understanding the molecular mechanisms
that govern cell death is therefore important for understanding normal development
and also human disease. One well-studied process that leads to cell death is called apoptosis. This process
carefully dismantles and breaks down the components of a cell, but does not seem to
account for all cell death that occurs during animal development. Recently another
developmental cell-death pathway, called the linker-cell-type death, was discovered
in a small roundworm called Caenorhabditis elegans. This pathway
appears to work in mammalian cells as well, and may help to break down nerve fibers
that are not needed. However, many of this pathway’s component parts remained
unknown. Kinet, Malin et al. have now used a combination of genetics and cell biology in
C. elegans to uncover the components of linker-cell-type death
and to investigate how they interact. The results of these studies revealed a
hierarchy of genetic interactions that governs this pathway in C.
elegans. One protein called HSF-1 plays a particularly important role.
This protein is a transcription factor and it binds to, and regulates, the activities
of various genes. HSF-1 usually works in cells to protect them from stress, but
Kinet, Malin et al. showed that it instead promotes linker-cell-type death by
activating a molecular machine, called the proteasome, that breaks down proteins. The
experiments also revealed two proteins (called BTBD-2 and SIAH-1) that may be
important for shuttling specific proteins for degradation by the proteasome. Three signalling pathways that regulate important developmental processes also
regulate the activation of linker-cell-type death. Kinet, Malin et al. propose that
these signalling pathways do so by working together to activate HSF-1, which in turn
activates the genes that lead to the destruction of cells by the proteasome. A future challenge is to understand in more detail how the more recently discovered
cell death pathway actually kills cells. Further work could also explore how HSF-1, a
protein that normally protects cells, is transformed into a cell-killing protein. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12821.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime J Kinet
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Jennifer A Malin
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Mary C Abraham
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Elyse S Blum
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Melanie R Silverman
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Yun Lu
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Shai Shaham
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
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Wimuttisuk W, West M, Davidge B, Yu K, Salomon A, Singer JD. Novel Cul3 binding proteins function to remodel E3 ligase complexes. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:28. [PMID: 25011449 PMCID: PMC4107866 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cullins belong to a family of scaffold proteins that assemble multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase complexes to recruit protein substrates for ubiquitination via unique sets of substrate adaptor, such as Skp1 or Elongin B, and a substrate-binding protein with a conserved protein-protein interacting domain, such as leucine-rich repeats (LRR), a WD40 domain, or a zinc-finger domain. In the case of the Cullin3 (Cul3), it forms a BTB-Cul3-Rbx1 (BCR) ubiquitin ligase complex where it is believed that a BTB domain-containing protein performs dual functions where it serves as both the substrate adaptor and the substrate recognition protein. Results Tandem affinity purification and LC/MS-MS analysis of the BCR complex led to the identification of 10,225 peptides. After the SEQUEST algorithm and CDART program were used for protein identification and domain prediction, we discovered a group of Cul3-bound proteins that contain either the LRR or WD40 domain (CLWs). Further biochemical analysis revealed that the LRR domain-containing CLWs could bind both Cul3 and BTB domain-containing proteins. The dual binding role for the LRR domain-containing CLWs results in causing the BTB-domain protein to become a substrate instead of an adaptor. To further distinguish potential substrates from other components that are part of the BCR ubiquitin ligase complex, we altered the parameters in the SEQUEST algorithm to select for peptide fragments with a modified lysine residue. This method not only identifies the potential substrates of the BCR ubiquitin ligase complex, but it also pinpoints the lysine residue in which the post-translational modification occurs. Interestingly, none of the CLWs were identified by this method, supporting our hypothesis that CLWs were not potential substrates but rather additional components of the BCR ubiquitin ligase complex. Conclusion Our study identified a new set of Cul3-binding proteins known as CLWs via tandem affinity purification and LC/MS-MS analysis. Subsequently, our biochemical analysis revealed that some CLWs modify binding of BTB domain-containing proteins to the complex, causing degradation of the BTB domain-containing protein. As these CLWs were excluded from our list of substrates, we propose that CLWs serve as unique Cul3 binding proteins that provide an alternative regulatory mechanism for the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey D Singer
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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Liu TT, Hu DM, Liu F, Cai L. Polyphasic characterization of Plectosphaerella oligotrophica, a new oligotrophic species from China. MYCOSCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Lührig S, Kolb S, Mellies N, Nolte J. The novel BTB-kelch protein, KBTBD8, is located in the Golgi apparatus and translocates to the spindle apparatus during mitosis. Cell Div 2013; 8:3. [PMID: 23578279 PMCID: PMC3639201 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-8-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the BTB-kelch family are known to be involved in multiple biological processes such as migration, cytoskeleton arrangement, regulation of cell morphology, protein ubiquitination and gene expression. KBTBD8 is a new member of this family. The gene was found in a comparative transcriptome analysis of pluripotent stem cells and was therefore suggested to play a role in the regulation of pluripotency. Comparative analysis of the gene and protein sequences revealed a high conservation throughout evolution especially in the characteristic domains of BTB, BACK and kelch. We identified the Golgi apparatus as the subcellular localization of the KBTBD8 protein in non-dividing cells and could show that KBTBD8 co-localizes with α-tubulin on the spindle apparatus of mitotic cells suggesting a role in cell proliferation. In conclusion, KBTBD8 is a new member of the BTB-kelch superfamily that is located in the Golgi apparatus and translocates to the spindle apparatus during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lührig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany.
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24
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Su YY, Noireung P, Liu F, Hyde KD, Moslem MA, Bahkali AH, Abd-Elsalam KA, Cai L. Epitypification of Colletotrichum musae, the causative agent of banana anthracnose. MYCOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-011-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Wang G, Liu PC, Wang JX, Zhao XF. A BTB domain-containing gene is upregulated by immune challenge. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 77:58-71. [PMID: 21374716 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is an important hormone that regulates the development of insects. Although previous evidence revealed that 20E promotes innate immunity in insects, the mechanism involved is still unclear. In this study, the HaBBP gene from Helicoverpa armigera is cloned, which contains BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac), a BACK (BTB and carboxyl-terminus kelch repeats), and PHR (PAM, highwire, and RPM) domains. RT-PCR analysis of HaBBP and western blot analysis of HaBBP show that the mRNA and protein level are higher in the fat body and hemocytes during the molting and metamorphic stages compared with the feeding stage. HaBBP was upregulated by 20E in hemocytes. Knockdown of the 20E receptor EcR-B1 and the heterodimeric partner ultraspiracle protein USP1 in an epidermal cell line (HaEpi) blocked the transcription of HaBBP. HaBBP is distributed in granulocytes and plasmatocytes. Immune stimulation by Escherichia coli caused the upregulation of HaBBP in both hemocytes and fat body. Thus, HaBBP is regulated by the 20E signaling pathway, and is likely involved in the insect innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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26
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Wang Y, Geng Y, Ma J, Wang Q, Zhang XG. Sinomyces: a new genus of anamorphic Pleosporaceae. Fungal Biol 2011; 115:188-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Khurana B, Zhuang L, Moitra PK, Stantchev TS, Broder CC, Cutler ML, D'Arpa P. Human TOP1 residues implicated in species specificity of HIV-1 infection are required for interaction with BTBD2, and RNAi of BTBD2 in old world monkey and human cells increases permissiveness to HIV-1 infection. Virol J 2010; 7:332. [PMID: 21092135 PMCID: PMC3002306 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Host determinants of HIV-1 viral tropism include factors from producer cells that affect the efficiency of productive infection and factors in target cells that block infection after viral entry. TRIM5α restricts HIV-1 infection at an early post-entry step through a mechanism associated with rapid disassembly of the retroviral capsid. Topoisomerase I (TOP1) appears to play a role in HIV-1 viral tropism by incorporating into or otherwise modulating virions affecting the efficiency of a post-entry step, as the expression of human TOP1 in African Green Monkey (AGM) virion-producing cells increased the infectivity of progeny virions by five-fold. This infectivity enhancement required human TOP1 residues 236 and 237 as their replacement with the AGM counterpart residues abolished the infectivity enhancement. Our previous studies showed that TOP1 interacts with BTBD1 and BTBD2, two proteins which co-localize with the TRIM5α splice variant TRIM5δ in cytoplasmic bodies. Because BTBD1 and BTBD2 interact with one HIV-1 viral tropism factor, TOP1, and co-localize with a splice variant of another, we investigated the potential involvement of BTBD1 and BTBD2 in HIV-1 restriction. Results We show that the interaction of BTBD1 and BTBD2 with TOP1 requires hu-TOP1 residues 236 and 237, the same residues required to enhance the infectivity of progeny virions when hu-TOP1 is expressed in AGM producer cells. Additionally, interference with the expression of BTBD2 in AGM and human 293T target cells increased their permissiveness to HIV-1 infection two- to three-fold. Conclusions These results do not exclude the possibility that BTBD2 may modestly restrict HIV-1 infection via colocation with TRIM5 variants in cytoplasmic bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Khurana
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Liu Y, Shete S, Etzel CJ, Scheurer M, Alexiou G, Armstrong G, Tsavachidis S, Liang FW, Gilbert M, Aldape K, Armstrong T, Houlston R, Hosking F, Robertson L, Xiao Y, Wiencke J, Wrensch M, Andersson U, Melin BS, Bondy M. Polymorphisms of LIG4, BTBD2, HMGA2, and RTEL1 genes involved in the double-strand break repair pathway predict glioblastoma survival. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2467-74. [PMID: 20368557 PMCID: PMC2881725 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of glioma and has the poorest survival. However, a small percentage of patients with GBM survive well beyond the established median. Therefore, identifying the genetic variants that influence this small number of unusually long-term survivors may provide important insight into tumor biology and treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among 590 patients with primary GBM, we evaluated associations of survival with the 100 top-ranking glioma susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms from our previous genome-wide association study using Cox regression models. We also compared differences in genetic variation between short-term survivors (STS; <or= 12 months) and long-term survivors (LTS; >or= 36 months), and explored classification and regression tree analysis for survival data. We tested results using two independent series totaling 543 GBMs. RESULTS We identified LIG4 rs7325927 and BTBD2 rs11670188 as predictors of STS in GBM and CCDC26 rs10464870 and rs891835, HMGA2 rs1563834, and RTEL1 rs2297440 as predictors of LTS. Further survival tree analysis revealed that patients >or= 50 years old with LIG4 rs7325927 (V) had the worst survival (median survival time, 1.2 years) and exhibited the highest risk of death (hazard ratio, 17.53; 95% CI, 4.27 to 71.97) compared with younger patients with combined RTEL1 rs2297440 (V) and HMGA2 rs1563834 (V) genotypes (median survival time, 7.8 years). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in the LIG4, BTBD2, HMGA2, and RTEL1 genes, which are involved in the double-strand break repair pathway, are associated with GBM survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Departments of Epidemiology,Neuro-Oncology, and Pathology, TheUniversity of Texas MD Anderson CancerCente, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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29
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Sampathkumar P, Ozyurt SA, Miller SA, Bain KT, Rutter ME, Gheyi T, Abrams B, Wang Y, Atwell S, Luz JG, Thompson DA, Wasserman SR, Emtage JS, Park EC, Rongo C, Jin Y, Klemke RL, Sauder JM, Burley SK. Structures of PHR domains from Mus musculus Phr1 (Mycbp2) explain the loss-of-function mutation (Gly1092-->Glu) of the C. elegans ortholog RPM-1. J Mol Biol 2010; 397:883-92. [PMID: 20156452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PHR [PAM (protein associated with Myc)-HIW (Highwire)-RPM-1 (regulator of presynaptic morphology 1)] proteins are conserved, large multi-domain E3 ubiquitin ligases with modular architecture. PHR proteins presynaptically control synaptic growth and axon guidance and postsynaptically regulate endocytosis of glutamate receptors. Dysfunction of neuronal ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. PHR proteins are characterized by the presence of two PHR domains near the N-terminus, which are essential for proper localization and function. Structures of both the first and second PHR domains of Mus musculus (mouse) Phr1 (MYC binding protein 2, Mycbp2) have been determined, revealing a novel beta sandwich fold composed of 11 antiparallel beta-strands. Conserved loops decorate the apical side of the first PHR domain (MmPHR1), yielding a distinct conserved surface feature. The surface of the second PHR domain (MmPHR2), in contrast, lacks significant conservation. Importantly, the structure of MmPHR1 provides insights into a loss-of-function mutation, Gly1092-->Glu, observed in the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog RPM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Sampathkumar
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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30
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Bury FJ, Moers V, Yan J, Souopgui J, Quan XJ, De Geest N, Kricha S, Hassan BA, Bellefroid EJ. Xenopus BTBD6 and its Drosophila homologue lute are required for neuronal development. Dev Dyn 2009; 237:3352-60. [PMID: 18855900 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BBP proteins constitute a subclass of CUL3 interacting BTB proteins whose in vivo function remains unknown. Here, we show that the Xenopus BBP gene BTBD6 and the single Drosophila homologue of mammalian BBP genes lute are strongly expressed in the developing nervous system. In Xenopus, BTBD6 expression responds positively to proneural and negatively to neurogenic gene overexpression. Knockdown of BTBD6 in Xenopus or loss of Drosophila lute result in embryos with strong defects in late neuronal markers and strongly reduced and disorganized axons while early neural development is unaffected. XBTBD6 knockdown in Xenopus also affects muscle development. Together, these data indicate that BTBD6/lute is required for proper embryogenesis and plays an essential evolutionary conserved role during neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric J Bury
- Laboratoire d'Embryologie Moléculaire, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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31
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Search for cellular partners of human papillomavirus type 16 E2 protein. Arch Virol 2008; 153:983-90. [PMID: 18305892 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. Type 16 (HPV16) displays tropism to genital epithelia, giving rise to genital warts and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which is a precursor lesion to invasive carcinoma of the cervix. The great majority of human cervical cancers contain integrated HPV DNA where the E2 gene is usually disrupted, suggesting that the loss of the E2 protein is an important step in HPV-induced carcinogenesis. The HPV16 E2 protein is a regulatory protein that seems to be essential for creating favourable conditions for establishment of infection and proper completion of the viral life cycle. Recently, diverse activities of the E2 proteins have been described, but the molecular basis of these processes has not beenfully elucidated. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified epithelial cellular proteins that bind to the E2 protein of HPV16.
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Pisani DF, Coldefy AS, Elabd C, Cabane C, Salles J, Le Cunff M, Derijard B, Amri EZ, Dani C, Leger JJ, Dechesne CA. Involvement of BTBD1 in mesenchymal differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:2417-26. [PMID: 17462629 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BTBD1 is a recently cloned BTB-domain-containing protein particularly expressed in skeletal muscle and interacting with DNA topoisomerase 1 (Topo1), a key enzyme of cell survival. We have previously demonstrated that stable overexpression of a N-terminal truncated BTBD1 inhibited ex vivo myogenesis but not adipogenesis of pluripotent C2C12 cells. Here, BTBD1 expression was studied in three models of cellular differentiation: myogenesis (C2C12 cells), adipogenesis (3T3-L1 cells) and osteogenesis (hMADS cells). BTBD1 mRNA was found to be upregulated during myogenesis. At the opposite, we have not observed BTBD1 upregulation in an altered myogenesis cellular model and we observed a downregulation of BTBD1 mRNA expression in adipogenesis. Interestingly, amounts of Topo1 protein, but not Topo1 mRNA, were found to be modulated at the opposite of BTBD1 mRNA. No variation of BTBD1 expression was measured during osteogenesis. Taken together, these results indicate that BTBD1 mRNA is specifically regulated during myogenic and adipogenic differentiation, in relation with Topo1 expression. Moreover, they corroborate observations made previously with truncated BTBD1 and show that BTBD1 is a key protein of balance between adipogenesis and myogenesis. Finally, a transcriptome analysis gave molecular clues to decipher BTBD1 role, with an emphasis on the involvement in ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier F Pisani
- Institute of Signaling, Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, CNRS UMR 6543, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
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Smith THL, Stedronsky K, Morgan B, McGowan RA. Identification and isolation of a BTB-POZ-containing gene expressed in oocytes and early embryos of the zebrafish Danio rerio. Genome 2006; 49:808-14. [PMID: 16936789 DOI: 10.1139/g06-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the cloning of a cDNA from the zebrafish Danio rerio encoding a protein containing a BTB-POZ domain closely resembling the BTBD1 and BTBD2 proteins previously identified in mammals. However, unlike other BTB-POZ-containing genes, expression of this gene in adults is most abundant in oocytes, where the RNA can be detected at all stages of oogenesis examined. The presence of the RNA persists through early cleavage, but is decreased significantly by gastrulation. Although the function of this gene has yet to be determined, its resemblance to the BTB-POZ family of genes coupled with its expression pattern suggests that it may have an important function in oogenesis and (or) early zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H L Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
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Cai L, Jeewon R, Hyde KD. Molecular Systematics of Zopfiella and allied genera: evidence from multi-gene sequence analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:359-68. [PMID: 16546361 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 12/10/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the phylogenetic relationships of Zopfiella and allied genera in the Sordariales. Multiple gene sequences (partial 28S rDNA, ITS/5.8S rDNA and partial beta-tubulin) were analysed using MP and Bayesian analyses. Analyses of different gene datasets were performed individually and then combined to infer phylogenies. Phylogenetic analyses show that currently recognised Zopfiella species are polyphyletic. Based on sequence analyses and morphology, it appears that Zopfiella should be restricted to species having ascospores with a septum in the dark cell. Our molecular analysis also shows that Zopfiella should be placed in Lasiosphaeriaceae rather than Chaetomiaceae. Cercophora and Podospora are also polyphyletic, which is in agreement with previous studies. Our analyses show that species possessing a Cladorrhinum anamorph are phylogenetically closely related. In addition, there are several strongly supported clades, characterised by species possessing divergent morphological characters. It is difficult to predict which characters are phylogenetically informative for delimiting these clades.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Phylogeny
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sordariales/genetics
- Tubulin/chemistry
- Tubulin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cai
- Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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35
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Makhov AM, Griffith JD. Visualization of the annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA catalyzed by the herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP8 SSB/recombinase. J Mol Biol 2005; 355:911-22. [PMID: 16343538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The rate of annealing of long linear complementary single-stranded (ss) DNAs can be increased greatly by certain DNA-binding proteins including the herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP8 SSB/recombinase. Using electron microscopy, we have investigated the DNA-protein structures involved in ICP8-mediated DNA annealing. We show that the formation of superhelical ICP8-ssDNA filaments is required for annealing. Two superhelices interact with each other to form a coiled-coil, which is the intermediate in annealing. In this process, the superhelices likely rotate and translocate relative to each other. Psoralen/UV photocrosslinking studies revealed that meta-stable contacts form at sites of limited sequence homology during the annealing. Partial proteolysis of ICP8 in the protein-ssDNA complexes showed that Mg2+ induces conformational changes in the N-terminal region (amino acid residues 1-305) of ICP8. In addition to Mg2+, Ca2+ and, to a significantly lesser extent, Cu2+ and Mn2+, were found to induce superhelix formation of the ICP8-ssDNA filament and to facilitate annealing. Mechanisms for how the coiled-coil structures facilitate annealing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Makhov
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.
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36
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Stogios PJ, Downs GS, Jauhal JJS, Nandra SK, Privé GG. Sequence and structural analysis of BTB domain proteins. Genome Biol 2005; 6:R82. [PMID: 16207353 PMCID: PMC1257465 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2005-6-10-r82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Revised: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BTB domain (also known as the POZ domain) is a versatile protein-protein interaction motif that participates in a wide range of cellular functions, including transcriptional regulation, cytoskeleton dynamics, ion channel assembly and gating, and targeting proteins for ubiquitination. Several BTB domain structures have been experimentally determined, revealing a highly conserved core structure. RESULTS We surveyed the protein architecture, genomic distribution and sequence conservation of BTB domain proteins in 17 fully sequenced eukaryotes. The BTB domain is typically found as a single copy in proteins that contain only one or two other types of domain, and this defines the BTB-zinc finger (BTB-ZF), BTB-BACK-kelch (BBK), voltage-gated potassium channel T1 (T1-Kv), MATH-BTB, BTB-NPH3 and BTB-BACK-PHR (BBP) families of proteins, among others. In contrast, the Skp1 and ElonginC proteins consist almost exclusively of the core BTB fold. There are numerous lineage-specific expansions of BTB proteins, as seen by the relatively large number of BTB-ZF and BBK proteins in vertebrates, MATH-BTB proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans, and BTB-NPH3 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the structural homology between Skp1 and the PLZF BTB homodimer, we present a model of a BTB-Cul3 SCF-like E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that shows that the BTB dimer or the T1 tetramer is compatible in this complex. CONCLUSION Despite widely divergent sequences, the BTB fold is structurally well conserved. The fold has adapted to several different modes of self-association and interactions with non-BTB proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Stogios
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Gregory S Downs
- Bioinformatics Certificate Program, Seneca College, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 3M6, Canada
| | - Jimmy JS Jauhal
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sukhjeen K Nandra
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Gilbert G Privé
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
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Lowes DA, Galley HF, Lowe PR, Rikke BA, Johnson TE, Webster NR. A Microarray Analysis of Potential Genes Underlying the Neurosensitivity of Mice to Propofol. Anesth Analg 2005; 101:697-704. [PMID: 16115977 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000160587.72827.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Establishing the mechanism of action of general anesthetics at the molecular level is difficult because of the multiple targets with which these drugs are associated. Inbred short sleep (ISS) and long sleep (ILS) mice are differentially sensitive in response to ethanol and other sedative hypnotics and contain a single quantitative trait locus (Lorp1) that accounts for the genetic variance of loss-of-righting reflex in response to propofol (LORP). In this study, we used high-density oligonucleotide microarrays to identify global gene expression and candidate genes differentially expressed within the Lorp1 region that may give insight into the molecular mechanism underlying LORP. Microarray analysis was performed using Affymetrix MG-U74Av2 Genechips and a selection of differentially expressed genes was confirmed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Global expression in the brains of ILS and ISS mice revealed 3423 genes that were significantly expressed, of which 139 (4%) were differentially expressed. Analysis of genes located within the Lorp1 region showed that 26 genes were significantly expressed and that just 2 genes (7%) were differentially expressed. These genes encoded for the proteins AWP1 (associated with protein kinase 1) and "BTB (POZ) domain containing 1," whose functions are largely uncharacterized. Genes differentially expressed outside Lorp1 included seven genes with previously characterized neuronal functions and thus stand out as additional candidate genes that may be involved in mediating the neurosensitivity differences between ISS and ILS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon A Lowes
- *Academic Unit of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom; and †Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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Tamas I, Hodges E, Dessi P, Johnsen R, Vaz Gomes A. A combined approach exploring gene function based on worm-human orthology. BMC Genomics 2005; 6:65. [PMID: 15877817 PMCID: PMC1112593 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many aspects of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans biology are conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates establishing this particular organism as an excellent genetic model. Because of its small size, large populations and self-fertilization of the hermaphrodite, functional predictions carried out by genetic modifications as well as RNAi screens, can be rapidly tested. Results In order to explore the function of a set of C. elegans genes of unknown function, as well as their potential functional roles in the human genome, we performed a phylogenetic analysis to select the most probable worm orthologs. A total of 13 C. elegans genes were subjected to down- regulation via RNAi and characterization of expression profiles using GFP strains. Previously unknown distinct expression patterns were observed for four of the analyzed genes, as well as four visible RNAi phenotypes. In addition, subcellular protein over-expression profiles of the human orthologs for seven out of the thirteen genes using human cells were also analyzed. Conclusion By combining a whole-organism approach using C. elegans with complementary experimental work done on human cell lines, this analysis extends currently available information on the selected set of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Tamas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Emily Hodges
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Robert Johnsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Ana Vaz Gomes
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pollard HB, Ji XD, Jozwik C, Jacobowitz DM. High abundance protein profiling of cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells. Proteomics 2005; 5:2210-26. [PMID: 15852339 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein profiles of cultured cystic fibrosis (CF) lung epithelial cells were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS). The analysis gave rise to a protein map over the pI range of 4-7, and a molecular weight range of ca. 100-10 kDa. The map contains 194 identified proteins, which were detectable by silver stain. All silver stained features were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight MS of tryptic peptides. Some proteins were found to be represented by multiple features on the 2-D gel. Among the high abundance proteins identified were sets of proteins associated with inflammation, including the classical NFkappaB, p65 (RelA) and NFkappaB, p65 (RelB). We suggest that this composite atlas of the high abundance CF lung epithelial proteome will serve as a reference database for future studies of candidate CF drugs, validating different approaches to CFTR gene therapy, and analogous investigations of other types of human lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey B Pollard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Pisani DF, Cabane C, Derijard B, Dechesne CA. The topoisomerase 1-interacting protein BTBD1 is essential for muscle cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2004; 11:1157-65. [PMID: 15486563 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase I (Topo1) contributes to vital biological functions, but its regulation is not clearly understood. The BTBD1 protein was recently cloned on the basis of its interaction with the core domain of Topo1 and is expressed particularly in skeletal muscle. To determine BTBD1 functions in this tissue, the in vitro model used was the C2C12 mouse muscle cell line, which expresses BTBD1 mainly after myotube differentiation. We studied the effects of a stably overexpressed BTBD1 protein truncated of the 108 N-terminal amino-acid residues and harbouring a C-terminal FLAG tag (Delta-BTBD1). The proliferation speed of Delta-BTBD1 C2C12 cells was significantly decreased and no myogenic differentiation was observed, although these cells maintained their capacity to enter adipocyte differentiation. These alterations could be related to Topo1 deregulation. This hypothesis is further supported by the decrease in nuclear Topo1 content in Delta-BTBTD1 proliferative C2C12 cells and the switch from the main peripheral nuclear localization of Topo1 to a mainly nuclear diffuse localization in Delta-BTBTD1 C2C12 cells. Finally, this study demonstrated that BTBD1 is essential for myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Pisani
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, UMR 6548 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, 06108 Nice, France
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