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Zhu J, Wang J, Chen X, Tsompana M, Gaile D, Buck M, Ren X. A time-series analysis of altered histone H3 acetylation and gene expression during the course of MMAIII-induced malignant transformation of urinary bladder cells. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:378-390. [PMID: 28182198 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that chronic exposure to low doses of monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) causes global histone acetylation dysregulation in urothelial cells (UROtsa cells) during the course of malignant transformation. To reveal the relationship between altered histone acetylation patterns and aberrant gene expression, more specifically, the carcinogenic relevance of these alterations, we performed a time-course analysis of the binding patterns of histone 3 lysine 18 acetylation (H3K18ac) across the genome and generated global gene-expression profiles from this UROtsa cell malignant transformation model. We showed that H3K18ac, one of the most significantly upregulated histone acetylation sites following MMAIII exposure, was enriched at gene promoter-specific regions across the genome and that MMAIII-induced upregulation of H3K18ac led to an altered binding pattern in a large number of genes that was most significant during the critical window for MMAIII-induced UROtsa cells' malignant transformation. Some genes identified as having a differential binding pattern with H3K18ac, acted as upstream regulators of critical gene networks with known functions in tumor development and progression. The altered H3K18ac binding patterns not only led to changes in expression of these directly affected upstream regulators but also resulted in gene-expression changes in their regulated networks. Collectively, our data suggest that MMAIII-induced alteration of histone acetylation patterns in UROtsa cells led to a time- and malignant stage-dependent aberrant gene-expression pattern, and that some gene regulatory networks were altered in accordance with their roles in carcinogenesis, probably contributing to MMAIII-induced urothelial cell malignant transformation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health
| | | | - Xushen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health
| | | | | | | | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Riedmann C, Ma Y, Melikishvili M, Godfrey SG, Zhang Z, Chen KC, Rouchka EC, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. Inorganic Arsenic-induced cellular transformation is coupled with genome wide changes in chromatin structure, transcriptome and splicing patterns. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:212. [PMID: 25879800 PMCID: PMC4371809 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arsenic (As) exposure is a significant worldwide environmental health concern. Low dose, chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with a higher than normal risk of skin, lung, and bladder cancer, as well as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. While arsenic-induced biological changes play a role in disease pathology, little is known about the dynamic cellular changes resulting from arsenic exposure and withdrawal. Results In these studies, we sought to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the biological changes induced by arsenic exposure. A comprehensive global approach was employed to determine genome-wide changes to chromatin structure, transcriptome patterns and splicing patterns in response to chronic low dose arsenic and its subsequent withdrawal. Our results show that cells exposed to chronic low doses of sodium arsenite have distinct temporal and coordinated chromatin, gene expression, and miRNA changes consistent with differentiation and activation of multiple biochemical pathways. Most of these temporal patterns in gene expression are reversed when arsenic is withdrawn. However, some gene expression patterns remained altered, plausibly as a result of an adaptive response by cells. Additionally, the correlation of changes to gene expression and chromatin structure solidify the role of chromatin structure in gene regulatory changes due to arsenite exposure. Lastly, we show that arsenite exposure influences gene regulation both at the initiation of transcription as well as at the level of splicing. Conclusions Our results show that adaptation of cells to iAs-mediated EMT is coupled to changes in chromatin structure effecting differential transcriptional and splicing patterns of genes. These studies provide new insights into the mechanism of iAs-mediated pathology, which includes epigenetic chromatin changes coupled with changes to the transcriptome and splicing patterns of key genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1295-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Riedmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Ye Ma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Manana Melikishvili
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Steven Grason Godfrey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Kuey Chu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Eric C Rouchka
- Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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Garrett SH, Somji S, Sens DA, Zhang KK. Prediction of the number of activated genes in multiple independent Cd(+2)- and As(+3)-induced malignant transformations of human urothelial cells (UROtsa). PLoS One 2014; 9:e85614. [PMID: 24465620 PMCID: PMC3899011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many toxic environmental agents such as cadmium and arsenic are found to be epidemiologically linked to increasing rates of cancers. In vitro studies show that these toxic agents induced malignant transformation in human cells. It is not clear whether such malignant transformation induced by a single toxic agent is driven by a common set of genes. Although the advancement of high-throughput technology has facilitated the profiling of global gene expression, it remains a question whether the sample size is sufficient to identify this common driver gene set. RESULTS We have developed a statistical method, SOFLR, to predict the number of common activated genes using a limited number of microarray samples. We conducted two case studies, cadmium and arsenic transformed human urothelial cells. Our method is able to precisely predict the number of stably induced and repressed genes and the number of samples to identify the common activated genes. The number of independent transformed isolates required for identifying the common activated genes is also estimated. The simulation study further validated our method and identified the important parameters in this analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our method predicts the degree of similarity and diversity during cell malignant transformation by a single toxic agent. The results of our case studies imply the existence of common driver and passenger gene sets in toxin-induced transformation. Using a pilot study with small sample size, this method also helps microarray experimental design by determining the number of samples required to identify the common activated gene set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Donald A. Sens
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Ke K. Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
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Stueckle TA, Lu Y, Davis ME, Wang L, Jiang BH, Holaskova I, Schafer R, Barnett JB, Rojanasakul Y. Chronic occupational exposure to arsenic induces carcinogenic gene signaling networks and neoplastic transformation in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 261:204-16. [PMID: 22521957 PMCID: PMC3358533 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure remains a human health risk; however a clear mode of action to understand gene signaling-driven arsenic carcinogenesis is currently lacking. This study chronically exposed human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells to low-dose arsenic trioxide to elucidate cancer promoting gene signaling networks associated with arsenic-transformed (B-As) cells. Following a 6month exposure, exposed cells were assessed for enhanced cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion ability and in vivo tumor formation compared to control cell lines. Collected mRNA was subjected to whole genome expression microarray profiling followed by in silico Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify lung carcinogenesis modes of action. B-As cells displayed significant increases in proliferation, colony formation and invasion ability compared to BEAS-2B cells. B-As injections into nude mice resulted in development of primary and secondary metastatic tumors. Arsenic exposure resulted in widespread up-regulation of genes associated with mitochondrial metabolism and increased reactive oxygen species protection suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Carcinogenic initiation via reactive oxygen species and epigenetic mechanisms was further supported by altered DNA repair, histone, and ROS-sensitive signaling. NF-κB, MAPK and NCOR1 signaling disrupted PPARα/δ-mediated lipid homeostasis. A 'pro-cancer' gene signaling network identified increased survival, proliferation, inflammation, metabolism, anti-apoptosis and mobility signaling. IPA-ranked signaling networks identified altered p21, EF1α, Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling networks promoting genetic disorder, altered cell cycle, cancer and changes in nucleic acid and energy metabolism. In conclusion, transformed B-As cells with their whole genome expression profile provide an in vitro arsenic model for future lung cancer signaling research and data for chronic arsenic exposure risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A. Stueckle
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - Yongju Lu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Mary E. Davis
- Department of Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Liying Wang
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Ida Holaskova
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Rosana Schafer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - John B. Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
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Martinez VD, Vucic EA, Becker-Santos DD, Gil L, Lam WL. Arsenic exposure and the induction of human cancers. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:431287. [PMID: 22174709 PMCID: PMC3235889 DOI: 10.1155/2011/431287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a metalloid, that is, considered to be a human carcinogen. Millions of individuals worldwide are chronically exposed through drinking water, with consequences ranging from acute toxicities to development of malignancies, such as skin and lung cancer. Despite well-known arsenic-related health effects, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood; however, the arsenic biotransformation process, which includes methylation changes, is thought to play a key role. This paper explores the relationship of arsenic exposure with cancer development and summarizes current knowledge of the potential mechanisms that may contribute to the neoplastic processes observed in arsenic exposed human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D. Martinez
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Emily A. Vucic
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Daiana D. Becker-Santos
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Lionel Gil
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, 8380453 Santiago, Chile
| | - Wan L. Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
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Lee CH, Wu SB, Hong CH, Liao WT, Wu CY, Chen GS, Wei YH, Yu HS. Aberrant cell proliferation by enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis via mtTFA in arsenical skin cancers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:2066-76. [PMID: 21514422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic-induced Bowen's disease (As-BD), a cutaneous carcinoma in situ, is thought to arise from gene mutation and uncontrolled proliferation. However, how mitochondria regulate the arsenic-induced cell proliferation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify whether arsenic interfered with mitochondrial biogenesis and function, leading to aberrant cell proliferation in As-BD. Skin biopsy samples from patients with As-BD and controls were stained for cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV), measured for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and the expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA). The results showed that expression of cytochrome c oxidase, mtTFA, NRF-1, and PGC-1α was increased in As-BD compared with in healthy subjects. Treatment of primary keratinocytes with arsenic at concentrations lower than 1.0 μmol/L induced cell proliferation, along with enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, we observed that the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and intracellular ATP level were increased in arsenic-treated keratinocytes. Blocking of mitochondrial function by oligomycin A (Complex V inhibitor) or knockdown of mtTFA by RNA interference abrogated arsenic-induced cell proliferation without affecting cyclin D1 expression. We concluded that mtTFA up-regulation, augmented mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhanced mitochondrial functions may contribute to arsenic-induced cell proliferation. Targeting mitochondrial biogenesis may help treat arsenical cancers at the stage of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Jomova K, Valko M. Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology 2011; 283:65-87. [PMID: 21414382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2101] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detailed studies in the past two decades have shown that redox active metals like iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and other metals undergo redox cycling reactions and possess the ability to produce reactive radicals such as superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide in biological systems. Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a state where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms body antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic for numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism of action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox inactive metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their toxic effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of glutathione. Interestingly, for arsenic an alternative mechanism of action based on the formation of hydrogen peroxide under physiological conditions has been proposed. A special position among metals is occupied by the redox inert metal zinc (Zn). Zn is an essential component of numerous proteins involved in the defense against oxidative stress. It has been shown, that depletion of Zn may enhance DNA damage via impairments of DNA repair mechanisms. In addition, Zn has an impact on the immune system and possesses neuroprotective properties. The mechanism of metal-induced formation of free radicals is tightly influenced by the action of cellular antioxidants. Many low-molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbic acid (vitamin C), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), glutathione (GSH), carotenoids, flavonoids, and other antioxidants) are capable of chelating metal ions reducing thus their catalytic activity to form ROS. A novel therapeutic approach to suppress oxidative stress is based on the development of dual function antioxidants comprising not only chelating, but also scavenging components. Parodoxically, two major antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase contain as an integral part of their active sites metal ions to battle against toxic effects of metal-induced free radicals. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of redox and non-redox metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in toxic action of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
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Gonzalez HO, Hu J, Gaworecki KM, Roling JA, Baldwin WS, Gardea-Torresdey JL, Bain LJ. Dose-responsive gene expression changes in juvenile and adult mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) after arsenic exposure. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 70:133-41. [PMID: 20451245 PMCID: PMC2900493 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated arsenic's effects on mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus), while also examining what role that gender or exposure age might play. Adult male and female mummichogs were exposed to 172 ppb, 575 ppb, or 1720 ppb arsenic as sodium arsenite for 10 days immediately prior to spawning. No differences were noted in the number or viability of eggs between the groups, but there was a significant increase in deformities in 1720 ppb arsenic exposure group. Total RNA from adult livers or 6-week old juveniles was used to probe custom macroarrays for changes in gene expression. In females, 3% of the genes were commonly differentially expressed in the 172 and 575 ppb exposure groups compared to controls. In the males, between 1.1 and 3% of the differentially expressed genes were in common between the exposure groups. Several genes, including apolipoprotein and serum amyloid precursor were commonly expressed in either a dose-responsive manner or were dose-specific, but consistent across genders. These patterns of regulation were confirmed by QPCR. These findings will provide us with a better understanding of the effects of dose, gender, and exposure age on the response to arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio O. Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Roling
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State College, Bridgewater, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa J. Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Phone: +1 864 656 5050; FAX: +1 864 656 0435;
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Huang Z, Li J, Zhang S, Zhang X. Inorganic arsenic modulates the expression of selenoproteins in mouse embryonic stem cell. Toxicol Lett 2009; 187:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Editorial Comment. J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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