1
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Ma L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Lu J, Feng H, Ye S, Liu Y. Identification of PTPN20 as an innate immunity-related gene in gastric cancer with Helicobacter pylori infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212692. [PMID: 37359510 PMCID: PMC10287967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is among the deadliest diseases with countless incidences and deaths each year. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is the primary type of microbe that colonizes the stomach. In recent years, increasing evidence has demonstrated that Hp infection is one of the main risk factors for GC. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of how Hp leads to GC will not only benefit the treatment of GC, but also boost the development of therapeutics for other gastric disorders caused by Hp infection. In this study, we aimed to identify innate immunity-related genes in GC and investigate their potentials as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for Hp-related GC. Methods Firstly, we analyzed the differentially expressed innate immunity-related genes in GC samples from the TCGA database. Then prognostic correlation analysis was carried out to explore the prognostic value of these candidate genes. By combing transcriptome data, somatic mutation data, and clinical data, co-expression analysis, functional enrichment analysis, tumor mutational burden analysis, and immune infiltration analysis were performed to reveal the pathological relevance of the candidate gene. Finally, ceRNA network was constructed to identify the genes and pathways for the regulation of the candidate gene. Results We revealed that protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 20 (PTPN20) is a significant prognostic marker in Hp-related GC. Thus, PTPN20 levels have the potential to efficiently predict the survival of Hp-related GC patients. In addition, PTPN20 is associated with immune cell infiltration and tumor mutation burden in these GC patients. Moreover, we have also identified PTPN20-related genes, PTPN20 protein-protein interactions, and the PTPN20 ceRNA network. Conclusion Our data suggest that PTPN20 may have critical functions in Hp-related GC. Targeting PTPN20 may be a promising way to treat Hp-related GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Ma
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yizhao Wang
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxing Yang
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jordan Lu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Huijin Feng
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shujun Ye
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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2
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Barlow J, Sfyri PP, Mitchell R, Verpoorten S, Scully D, Andreou C, Papadopoulos P, Patel K, Matsakas A. Platelet releasate normalises the compromised muscle regeneration in a mouse model of hyperlipidaemia. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:700-713. [PMID: 33450106 DOI: 10.1113/ep088937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of obesity-independent hyperlipidaemia on skeletal muscle stem cell function of ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/- ) mice? What is the main finding and its importance? Compromised muscle stem cell function accounts for the impaired muscle regeneration in hyperlipidaemic ApoE-/- mice. Importantly, impaired muscle regeneration is normalised by administration of platelet releasate. ABSTRACT Muscle satellite cells are important stem cells for skeletal muscle regeneration and repair after injury. ApoE-deficient mice, an established mouse model of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis, show evidence of oxidative stress-induced lesions and fat infiltration in skeletal muscle followed by impaired repair after injury. However, the mechanisms underpinning attenuated muscle regeneration remain to be fully defined. Key to addressing the latter is to understand the properties of muscle stem cells from ApoE-deficient mice and their myogenic potential. Muscle stem cells from ApoE-deficient mice were cultured both ex vivo (on single fibres) and in vitro (primary myoblasts) and their myogenic capacity was determined. Skeletal muscle regeneration was studied on days 5 and 10 after cardiotoxin injury. ApoE-deficient muscle stem cells showed delayed activation and differentiation on single muscle fibres ex vivo. Impaired proliferation and differentiation profiles were also evident on isolated primary muscle stem cells in culture. ApoE-deficient mice displayed impaired skeletal muscle regeneration after acute injury in vivo. Administration of platelet releasate in ApoE-deficient mice reversed the deficits of muscle regeneration after acute injury to wild-type levels. These findings indicate that muscle stem cell myogenic potential is perturbed in skeletal muscle of a mouse model of hyperlipidaemia. We propose that platelet releasate could be a therapeutic intervention for conditions with associated myopathy such as peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Barlow
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Pagona Panagiota Sfyri
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Rob Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sandrine Verpoorten
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - David Scully
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Charalampos Andreou
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Petros Papadopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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3
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Isenberg JS, Roberts DD. Thrombospondin-1 in maladaptive aging responses: a concept whose time has come. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C45-C63. [PMID: 32374675 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00089.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous age-dependent alterations at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organ systems levels underlie the pathophysiology of aging. Herein, the focus is upon the secreted protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) as a promoter of aging and age-related diseases. TSP1 has several physiological functions in youth, including promoting neural synapse formation, mediating responses to ischemic and genotoxic stress, minimizing hemorrhage, limiting angiogenesis, and supporting wound healing. These acute functions of TSP1 generally require only transient expression of the protein. However, accumulating basic and clinical data reinforce the view that chronic diseases of aging are associated with accumulation of TSP1 in the extracellular matrix, which is a significant maladaptive contributor to the aging process. Identification of the relevant cell types that chronically produce and respond to TSP1 and the molecular mechanisms that mediate the resulting maladaptive responses could direct the development of therapeutic agents to delay or revert age-associated maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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4
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O Krogmann A, Lüsebrink E, Lahrmann C, Flender A, Nickenig G, Zimmer S. Toll-Like Receptor 7 Stimulation Promotes the Development of Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Int Heart J 2020; 61:364-372. [PMID: 32132319 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.19-365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with multiple characteristic facets, including vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, plaque development, impaired blood flow, and cholesterol deposition through dyslipidemia. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system have been closely linked to the development of atherosclerotic lesions. TLR7 recognizes viral or endogenous single-stranded RNA, which is released during vascular apoptosis and necrosis. The role of TLR7 in vascular disease remains controversial, and therefore, we sought to investigate the effects of TLR7 stimulation in mice.Intravenous injection of a ligand for TLR7 (R848) induced a significant pro-inflammatory cytokine response in mice. This was associated with impaired reendothelialization upon acute denudation of the carotid artery, as measured by Evan's blue staining, and increased numbers of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and circulating Sca1/Flk1 positive cells as a marker for increased endothelial damage. Chronic subcutaneous stimulation of TLR7 in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice increased aortic production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the number of circulating EMPs, and most importantly, augmented the formation of atherosclerotic plaque when compared with vehicle-treated animals.Systemic stimulation of TLR7 leads to impaired reendothelialization upon acute vascular injury and is associated with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased levels of circulating EMPs and Sca1/Flk1 positive cells. Importantly, ApoE-/- mice chronically treated with R848 displayed increased atherosclerotic plaque development and elevated levels of ROS in the aortic tissue. In addition, TLR7-activation-induced apoptosis and impaired migration in human coronary artery endothelial cells and showed significant upregulation of the signaling cascade of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 2 and IRAK4. Our data highlight the importance of fully understanding the pathomechanisms involved in atherogenesis, and further studies are necessary to identify the ligand-specific effects of TLR7 for possible therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enzo Lüsebrink
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München
| | | | - Anna Flender
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
| | - Sebastian Zimmer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
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5
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Saenz-Pipaon G, San Martín P, Planell N, Maillo A, Ravassa S, Vilas-Zornoza A, Martinez-Aguilar E, Rodriguez JA, Alameda D, Lara-Astiaso D, Prosper F, Paramo JA, Orbe J, Gomez-Cabrero D, Roncal C. Functional and transcriptomic analysis of extracellular vesicles identifies calprotectin as a new prognostic marker in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1729646. [PMID: 32158521 PMCID: PMC7048174 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1729646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events and death and is postulated to be a critical socioeconomic cost in the future. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as potential candidates for new biomarker discovery related to their protein and nucleic acid cargo. In search of new prognostic and therapeutic targets in PAD, we determined the prothrombotic activity, the cellular origin and the transcriptomic profile of circulating EVs. This prospective study included control and PAD patients. Coagulation time (Procoag-PPL kit), EVs cellular origin and phosphatidylserine exposure were determined by flow cytometry in platelet-free plasma (n = 45 PAD). Transcriptomic profiles of medium/large EVs were generated using the MARS-Seq RNA-Seq protocol (n = 12/group). The serum concentration of the differentially expressed gene S100A9, in serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9), was validated by ELISA in control (n = 100) and PAD patients (n = 317). S100A9 was also determined in EVs and tissues of human atherosclerotic plaques (n = 3). Circulating EVs of PAD patients were mainly of platelet origin, predominantly Annexin V positive and were associated with the procoagulant activity of platelet-free plasma. Transcriptomic analysis of EVs identified 15 differentially expressed genes. Among them, serum calprotectin was elevated in PAD patients (p < 0.05) and associated with increased amputation risk before and after covariate adjustment (mean follow-up 3.6 years, p < 0.01). The combination of calprotectin with hs-CRP in the multivariate analysis further improved risk stratification (p < 0.01). Furthermore, S100A9 was also expressed in femoral plaque derived EVs and tissues. In summary, we found that PAD patients release EVs, mainly of platelet origin, highly positive for AnnexinV and rich in transcripts related to platelet biology and immune responses. Amputation risk prediction improved with calprotectin and was significantly higher when combined with hs-CRP. Our results suggest that EVs can be a promising component of liquid biopsy to identify the molecular signature of PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goren Saenz-Pipaon
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patxi San Martín
- Oncohematology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Núria Planell
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Maillo
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Ravassa
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Laboratory of Heart Failure, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Vilas-Zornoza
- Oncohematology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Martinez-Aguilar
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Departamento de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alameda
- Oncohematology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Prosper
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Oncohematology Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Paramo
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Orbe
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Roncal
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Sighting acute myocardial infarction through platelet gene expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19574. [PMID: 31863085 PMCID: PMC6925116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is primarily due to coronary atherosclerotic plaque rupture and subsequent thrombus formation. Platelets play a key role in the genesis and progression of both atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Since platelets are anuclear cells that inherit their mRNA from megakaryocyte precursors and maintain it unchanged during their life span, gene expression profiling at the time of an acute myocardial infarction provides information concerning the platelet gene expression preceding the coronary event. In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), a gene-by-gene analysis of the platelet gene expression identified five differentially expressed genes: FKBP5, S100P, SAMSN1, CLEC4E and S100A12. The logistic regression model used to combine the gene expression in a STEMI vs healthy donors score showed an AUC of 0.95. The same five differentially expressed genes were externally validated using platelet gene expression data from patients with coronary atherosclerosis but without thrombosis. Platelet gene expression profile highlights five genes able to identify STEMI patients and to discriminate them in the background of atherosclerosis. Consequently, early signals of an imminent acute myocardial infarction are likely to be found by platelet gene expression profiling before the infarction occurs.
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7
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Sun Y, Gao Y, Song T, Yu C, Nie Z, Wang X. MicroRNA-15b participates in the development of peripheral arterial disease by modulating the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:77-84. [PMID: 31258640 PMCID: PMC6566083 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an atherosclerotic disease, the process of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is complicated and includes the abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle. The current study aimed to determine the role of microRNA-15b (miR-15b) in the development of PAD and its associated mechanisms. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) were used in the current study. To assess the effects of miR-15b on hVSMCs, miR-15b was up- or downregulated in hVSMCs using miR-15b mimics or miR-15b inhibitors respectively. Cell viability, migration and apoptosis were then determined via MTT, transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively. TargetScan bioinformatics software was utilized to predict the targets of miR-15b, and the binding sites between insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and miR-15b were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The results reveled that the miR-15b mimic significantly reduced hVSMC cell viability and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis. However, the opposite effect was observed following miR-15b inhibitor transfection. It was also determined that miR-15b directly targeted IGF1R and negatively regulated its expression in hVSMCs. Additionally, the results demonstrated that the miR-15b mimic inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in hVSMCs, whereas the miR-15b inhibitor promoted it. Furthermore, the results indicated that the effect of the miR-15b mimic on hVSMCs was reversed by IGF1R overexpression. In conclusion, the data indicated that miR-15b participated in the occurrence and development of PAD by modulating hVSMC proliferation, apoptosis and migration via the regulation of IGF1R expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Chaowen Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglin Nie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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8
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Erola P, Bonnet E, Michoel T. Learning Differential Module Networks Across Multiple Experimental Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1883:303-321. [PMID: 30547406 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8882-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Module network inference is a statistical method to reconstruct gene regulatory networks, which uses probabilistic graphical models to learn modules of coregulated genes and their upstream regulatory programs from genome-wide gene expression and other omics data. Here, we review the basic theory of module network inference, present protocols for common gene regulatory network reconstruction scenarios based on the Lemon-Tree software, and show, using human gene expression data, how the software can also be applied to learn differential module networks across multiple experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Erola
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Eric Bonnet
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Tom Michoel
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
- Current Address: Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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9
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Sfyri P, Matsakas A. Crossroads between peripheral atherosclerosis, western-type diet and skeletal muscle pathophysiology: emphasis on apolipoprotein E deficiency and peripheral arterial disease. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:42. [PMID: 28688452 PMCID: PMC5502081 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process that, in the presence of hyperlipidaemia, promotes the formation of atheromatous plaques in large vessels of the cardiovascular system. It also affects peripheral arteries with major implications for a number of other non-vascular tissues such as the skeletal muscle, the liver and the kidney. The aim of this review is to critically discuss and assimilate current knowledge on the impact of peripheral atherosclerosis and its implications on skeletal muscle homeostasis. Accumulating data suggests that manifestations of peripheral atherosclerosis in skeletal muscle originates in a combination of increased i)-oxidative stress, ii)-inflammation, iii)-mitochondrial deficits, iv)-altered myofibre morphology and fibrosis, v)-chronic ischemia followed by impaired oxygen supply, vi)-reduced capillary density, vii)- proteolysis and viii)-apoptosis. These structural, biochemical and pathophysiological alterations impact on skeletal muscle metabolic and physiologic homeostasis and its capacity to generate force, which further affects the individual's quality of life. Particular emphasis is given on two major areas representing basic and applied science respectively: a)-the abundant evidence from a well-recognised atherogenic model; the Apolipoprotein E deficient mouse and the role of a western-type diet and b)-on skeletal myopathy and oxidative stress-induced myofibre damage from human studies on peripheral arterial disease. A significant source of reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease is the family of NADPH oxidases that contribute to several pathologies. Finally, strategies targeting NADPH oxidases in skeletal muscle in an attempt to attenuate cellular oxidative stress are highlighted, providing a better understanding of the crossroads between peripheral atherosclerosis and skeletal muscle pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Sfyri
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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10
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Ward-Caviness CK, Neas LM, Blach C, Haynes CS, LaRocque-Abramson K, Grass E, Dowdy ZE, Devlin RB, Diaz-Sanchez D, Cascio WE, Miranda ML, Gregory SG, Shah SH, Kraus WE, Hauser ER. A genome-wide trans-ethnic interaction study links the PIGR-FCAMR locus to coronary atherosclerosis via interactions between genetic variants and residential exposure to traffic. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173880. [PMID: 28355232 PMCID: PMC5371323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a worldwide contributor to cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity. Traffic-related air pollution is a widespread environmental exposure and is associated with multiple cardiovascular outcomes such as coronary atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, and myocardial infarction. Despite the recognition of the importance of both genetic and environmental exposures to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, studies of how these two contributors operate jointly are rare. We performed a genome-wide interaction study (GWIS) to examine gene-traffic exposure interactions associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Using race-stratified cohorts of 538 African-Americans (AA) and 1562 European-Americans (EA) from a cardiac catheterization cohort (CATHGEN), we identify gene-by-traffic exposure interactions associated with the number of significantly diseased coronary vessels as a measure of chronic atherosclerosis. We found five suggestive (P<1x10-5) interactions in the AA GWIS, of which two (rs1856746 and rs2791713) replicated in the EA cohort (P < 0.05). Both SNPs are in the PIGR-FCAMR locus and are eQTLs in lymphocytes. The protein products of both PIGR and FCAMR are implicated in inflammatory processes. In the EA GWIS, there were three suggestive interactions; none of these replicated in the AA GWIS. All three were intergenic; the most significant interaction was in a regulatory region associated with SAMSN1, a gene previously associated with atherosclerosis and B cell activation. In conclusion, we have uncovered several novel genes associated with coronary atherosclerosis in individuals chronically exposed to increased ambient concentrations of traffic air pollution. These genes point towards inflammatory pathways that may modify the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavin K. Ward-Caviness
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lucas M. Neas
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Colette Blach
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Carol S. Haynes
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Karen LaRocque-Abramson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Grass
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Z. Elaine Dowdy
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Devlin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Wayne E. Cascio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- National Center for Geospatial Medicine, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Simon G. Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - William E. Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Lee T, Misra S. New Insights into Dialysis Vascular Access: Molecular Targets in Arteriovenous Fistula and Arteriovenous Graft Failure and Their Potential to Improve Vascular Access Outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:1504-1512. [PMID: 27401527 PMCID: PMC4974876 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular access dysfunction remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. At present there are few effective therapies for this clinical problem. The poor understanding of the pathobiology that leads to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and graft (AVG) dysfunction remains a critical barrier to development of novel and effective therapies. However, in recent years we have made substantial progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of vascular access dysfunction. This article presents recent advances and new insights into the pathobiology of AVF and AVG dysfunction and highlights potential therapeutic targets to improve vascular access outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timmy Lee
- Department of Medicine and Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Sanjay Misra
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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12
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Chu LH, Annex BH, Popel AS. Computational drug repositioning for peripheral arterial disease: prediction of anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:179. [PMID: 26379552 PMCID: PMC4548203 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results from atherosclerosis that leads to blocked arteries and reduced blood flow, most commonly in the arteries of the legs. PAD clinical trials to induce angiogenesis to improve blood flow conducted in the last decade have not succeeded. We have recently constructed PADPIN, protein-protein interaction network (PIN) of PAD, and here we combine it with the drug-target relations to identify potential drug targets for PAD. Specifically, the proteins in the PADPIN were classified as belonging to the angiome, immunome, and arteriome, characterizing the processes of angiogenesis, immune response/inflammation, and arteriogenesis, respectively. Using the network-based approach we predict the candidate drugs for repositioning that have potential applications to PAD. By compiling the drug information in two drug databases DrugBank and PharmGKB, we predict FDA-approved drugs whose targets are the proteins annotated as anti-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory, respectively. Examples of pro-angiogenic drugs are carvedilol and urokinase. Examples of anti-inflammatory drugs are ACE inhibitors and maraviroc. This is the first computational drug repositioning study for PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hui Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Chu LH, Vijay CG, Annex BH, Bader JS, Popel AS. PADPIN: protein-protein interaction networks of angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and inflammation in peripheral arterial disease. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:331-43. [PMID: 26058837 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00125.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results from an obstruction of blood flow in the arteries other than the heart, most commonly the arteries that supply the legs. The complexity of the known signaling pathways involved in PAD, including various growth factor pathways and their cross talks, suggests that analyses of high-throughput experimental data could lead to a new level of understanding of the disease as well as novel and heretofore unanticipated potential targets. Such bioinformatic analyses have not been systematically performed for PAD. We constructed global protein-protein interaction networks of angiogenesis (Angiome), immune response (Immunome), and arteriogenesis (Arteriome) using our previously developed algorithm GeneHits. The term "PADPIN" refers to the angiome, immunome, and arteriome in PAD. Here we analyze four microarray gene expression datasets from ischemic and nonischemic gastrocnemius muscles at day 3 posthindlimb ischemia (HLI) in two genetically different C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains that display differential susceptibility to HLI to identify potential targets and signaling pathways in angiogenesis, immune, and arteriogenesis networks. We hypothesize that identification of the differentially expressed genes in ischemic and nonischemic muscles between the strains that recovers better (C57BL/6) vs. the strain that recovers more poorly (BALB/c) will help for the prediction of target genes in PAD. Our bioinformatics analysis identified several genes that are differentially expressed between the two mouse strains with known functions in PAD including TLR4, THBS1, and PRKAA2 and several genes with unknown functions in PAD including EphA4, TSPAN7, SLC22A4, and EIF2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hui Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
| | - Chaitanya G Vijay
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Brian H Annex
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; High-Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Llorente-Cortés V, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Orbe J, Páramo JA, Badimon L. Signature of subclinical femoral artery atherosclerosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:539-48. [PMID: 24716741 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease is a relevant public health problem associated with increased risk of morbimortality. Most of the patients with this condition are asymptomatic. Therefore, the development of accessible biochemical markers seems to be necessary to anticipate diagnosis. Our hypothesis is that asymptomatic subjects with objectively confirmed femoral artery atherosclerosis could be distinguished from control subjects by gene expression analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 37 asymptomatic males over 50 years old were recruited at the University Clinic of Navarra (Spain). Nineteen participants were free from atherosclerotic vascular disease and 18 participants presented subclinical femoral artery atherosclerosis defined by means of Doppler ultrasound. PBMC were isolated from blood and the RNA extracted. A panel of atherosclerotic-related genes were evaluated by Taqman low-density array. RESULTS In univariate logistic regression models, we found a direct relationship between IL4, ITGAM and TLR2 expression levels in PBMC and femoral atherosclerosis, even when the models were adjusted for age and hypertension prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that elevated IL4 expression levels were intimately associated with subclinical femoral atherosclerosis after adjusting for the same potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Current data suggest that gene expression in PBMC, in particular IL4 expression, could be a useful tool in the diagnosis of femoral artery atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients. Furthermore, in patients with no differences in cardiovascular risk factors except for hypertension, the results point to the immune and inflammatory deregulation as a feature of subclinical peripheral atherosclerosis.
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15
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Stather PW, Sylvius N, Wild JB, Choke E, Sayers RD, Bown MJ. Differential microRNA expression profiles in peripheral arterial disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 6:490-7. [PMID: 24129592 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a clinical condition caused by an atherosclerotic process affecting the arteries of the limbs. Despite major improvements in surgical endovascular techniques, PAD is still associated with high mortality and morbidity. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short noncoding RNA controlling gene expression, have emerged as major regulators of multiple biological processes. METHODS AND RESULTS A whole-miRNA transcriptome profiling was performed in peripheral blood from an initial sample set of patients and controls. A 12-miRNA PAD-specific signature, which includes let 7e, miR-15b, -16, -20b, -25, -26b, -27b, -28-5p, -126, -195, -335, and -363, was further investigated and validated in 2 additional sample sets. Each of these 12 miRNAs exhibited good diagnostic value as evidenced by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Pathway enrichment analysis using predicted and validated targets identified several signaling pathways relevant to vascular disorders. Several of these pathways, including cell adhesion molecules, were confirmed by quantifying the expression level of several candidate genes regulating the initial stages of the inflammatory atherosclerotic process. The expression level of 7 of these candidate genes exhibits striking inverse correlation with that of several, if not all, of the miRNAs of the PAD-specific miRNA signature. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the potential of miRNAs for the diagnosis of PAD and provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms leading to the development of PAD, with the potential for future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Stather
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Department of Genetics and the NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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16
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Valanti E, Tsompanidis A, Sanoudou D. Pharmacogenomics in the development and characterization of atheroprotective drugs. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:259-300. [PMID: 25150873 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. The clinically available atheroprotective drugs aim mainly at reducing the levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and attenuating inflammation. However, the cardiovascular risk remains high, along with morbidity, mortality, and incidence of adverse drug events. Pharmacogenomics is increasingly contributing towards the characterization of existing atheroprotective drugs, the evaluation of novel ones, and the identification of promising, unexplored therapeutic targets, at the global molecular pathway level. This chapter presents highlights of pharmacogenomics investigations and discoveries that have contributed towards the elucidation of pharmacological atheroprotection, while opening the way to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efi Valanti
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, 115 27, Greece
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17
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Shalhoub J, Sikkel MB, Davies KJ, Vorkas PA, Want EJ, Davies AH. Systems Biology of Human Atherosclerosis. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2013; 48:5-17. [DOI: 10.1177/1538574413510628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology describes a holistic and integrative approach to understand physiology and pathology. The “omic” disciplines include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolic profiling (metabonomics and metabolomics). By adopting a stance, which is opposing (yet complimentary) to conventional research techniques, systems biology offers an overview by assessing the “net” biological effect imposed by a disease or nondisease state. There are a number of different organizational levels to be understood, from DNA to protein, metabolites, cells, organs and organisms, even beyond this to an organism’s context. Systems biology relies on the existence of “nodes” and “edges.” Nodes are the constituent part of the system being studied (eg, proteins in the proteome), while the edges are the way these constituents interact. In future, it will be increasingly important to collaborate, collating data from multiple studies to improve data sets, making them freely available and undertaking integrative analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Shalhoub
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus B. Sikkel
- Myocardial Function Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry J. Davies
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis A. Vorkas
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J. Want
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alun H. Davies
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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18
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In-Stent Restenosis in the Superficial Femoral Artery. Ann Vasc Surg 2013; 27:510-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Affò S, Dominguez M, Lozano JJ, Sancho-Bru P, Rodrigo-Torres D, Morales-Ibanez O, Moreno M, Millán C, Loaeza-del-Castillo A, Altamirano J, García-Pagán JC, Arroyo V, Ginès P, Caballería J, Schwabe RF, Bataller R. Transcriptome analysis identifies TNF superfamily receptors as potential therapeutic targets in alcoholic hepatitis. Gut 2013; 62:452-60. [PMID: 22637703 PMCID: PMC4064940 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe clinical condition that needs novel therapies. The identification of targets for therapy is hampered by the lack of animal models of advanced AH. The authors performed a translational study through a transcriptome analysis in patients with AH to identify new molecular targets. DESIGN Hepatic gene expression profiling was assessed by DNA microarray in patients with AH (n=15) and normal livers (n=7). Functional analysis was assessed by gene set enrichment analysis. Quantitative PCR was performed in patients with AH (n=40), hepatitis C (n=18), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (n=20) and in mouse models of acute and chronic liver injury. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Gene expression analysis showed 207 genes >5-fold differentially expressed in patients with AH and revealed seven pathways differentially regulated including 'cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction'. Several tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily receptors, but not ligands, were overexpressed in AH. Importantly, Fn14 was the only TNF superfamily receptor exclusively upregulated in AH compared with other liver diseases and correlated with both 90-day mortality and severity of portal hypertension. Fn14 protein expression was detected in areas of fibrogenesis and in a population of hepatocytes. Fn14 expression was increased in experimental models of liver injury and was detected in progenitor cells. CONCLUSION Translational research revealed that TNF superfamily receptors are overexpressed in AH. Fn14, the receptor for TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis, is selectively upregulated in patients with AH. TNF superfamily receptors could represent a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Affò
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlene Dominguez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Morales-Ibanez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Moreno
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Millán
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurora Loaeza-del-Castillo
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Altamirano
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Pagán
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Arroyo
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Ginès
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Caballería
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert F Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centre Esther Koplowitz, CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Salagianni M, Galani IE, Lundberg AM, Davos CH, Varela A, Gavriil A, Lyytikäinen LP, Lehtimäki T, Sigala F, Folkersen L, Gorgoulis V, Lenglet S, Montecucco F, Mach F, Hedin U, Hansson GK, Monaco C, Andreakos E. Toll-Like Receptor 7 Protects From Atherosclerosis by Constraining “Inflammatory” Macrophage Activation. Circulation 2012; 126:952-62. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.067678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have long been considered to be major culprits in the development of atherosclerosis, contributing both to its progression and clinical complications. However, evidence for most TLRs beyond TLR2 and TLR4 is lacking.
Methods and Results
We used experimental mouse models, human atheroma cultures, and well-established human biobanks to investigate the role of TLR7 in atherosclerosis. We report the unexpected finding that TLR7, a receptor recognizing self–nucleic acid complexes, is protective in atherosclerosis. In
Apoe
−/−
mice, functional inactivation of TLR7 resulted in accelerated lesion development, increased stenosis, and enhanced plaque vulnerability as revealed by Doppler ultrasound and/or histopathology. Mechanistically, TLR7 interfered with macrophage proinflammatory responses to TLR2 and TLR4 ligands, reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production, and prevented expansion of Ly6C
hi
inflammatory monocytes and accumulation of inflammatory M1 macrophages into developing atherosclerotic lesions. In human carotid endarterectomy specimens TLR7 levels were consistently associated with an M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage signature (interleukin [IL]-10, IL-1RA, CD163, scavenger and C-type lectin receptors) and collagen genes, whereas they were inversely related or unrelated to proinflammatory mediators (IL-12/IL-23, interferon beta, interferon gamma, CD40L) and platelet markers. Moreover, in human atheroma cultures, TLR7 activation selectively suppressed the production of key proatherogenic factors such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor without affecting IL-10.
Conclusions
These findings provide evidence for a beneficial role of TLR7 in atherosclerosis by constraining inflammatory macrophage activation and cytokine production. This challenges the prevailing concept that all TLRs are pathogenic and supports the exploitation of the TLR7 pathway for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salagianni
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Ioanna E. Galani
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Anna M. Lundberg
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Constantinos H. Davos
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Aimilia Varela
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Ariana Gavriil
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Fragiska Sigala
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Vassilis Gorgoulis
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Sébastien Lenglet
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - François Mach
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Ulf Hedin
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Göran K. Hansson
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Claudia Monaco
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- From the Center for Immunology and Transplantation (M.S., I.E.G., A.G., E.A.), Center for Clinical Research (C.H.D., A.V.), and Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (V.G.); Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.L., L.F., U.H., G.K.H.); Department of Clinical Chemistry, Tampere University Hospital & University of Tampere Medical School,
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Bubenek S, Nastase A, Niculescu AM, Baila S, Herlea V, Lazar V, Paslaru L, Botezatu A, Tomescu D, Popescu I, Dima S. Assessment of gene expression profiles in peripheral occlusive arterial disease. Can J Cardiol 2012; 28:712-20. [PMID: 22721676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular events responsible for the onset and progression of peripheral occlusive arterial disease (POAD) are incompletely understood. Gene expression profiling may point out relevant features of the disease. METHODS Tissue samples were collected as operatory waste from a total of 36 patients with (n = 18) and without (n = 18) POAD. The tissues were histologically evaluated, and the patients with POAD were classified according to Leriche-Fontaine (LF) classification: 11% with stage IIB, 22% with stage III, and 67% with stage IV. Total RNA was isolated from all samples and hybridized onto Agilent 4×44K Oligo microarray slides. The bioinformatic analysis identified genes differentially expressed between control and pathologic tissues. Ten genes with a fold change ≥ 2 (1 with a fold change ≥ 1.8) were selected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation (GPC3, CFD, GDF10, ITLN1, TSPAN8, MMP28, NNMT, SERPINA5, LUM, and FDXR). C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed with a specific assay, while nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) was evaluated in the patient serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A multiple regression analysis showed that the level of CRP in the serum is correlated with the POAD LF stages (r(2) = 0.22, P = 0.046) and that serum NNMT is higher in IV LF POAD patients (P = 0.005). The mRNA gene expression of LUM is correlated with the LF stage (r(2) = 0.45, P = 0.009), and the mRNA level of ITLN1 is correlated with the ankle-brachial index (r(2) = 0.42, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows that NNMT, ITLN1, LUM, CFD, and TSPAN8 in combination with other known markers, such as CRP, could be evaluated as a panel of biomarkers of POAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serban Bubenek
- Prof. C.C. Iliescu Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, 258 Fundeni Avenue, Bucharest, Romania.
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Masud R, Shameer K, Dhar A, Ding K, Kullo IJ. Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the setting of peripheral arterial disease. J Clin Bioinforma 2012; 2:6. [PMID: 22409835 PMCID: PMC3381689 DOI: 10.1186/2043-9113-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a relatively common manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis that leads to progressive narrowing of the lumen of leg arteries. Circulating monocytes are in contact with the arterial wall and can serve as reporters of vascular pathology in the setting of PAD. We performed gene expression analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with PAD and controls without PAD to identify differentially regulated genes. METHODS PAD was defined as an ankle brachial index (ABI) ≤0.9 (n = 19) while age and gender matched controls had an ABI > 1.0 (n = 18). Microarray analysis was performed using Affymetrix HG-U133 plus 2.0 gene chips and analyzed using GeneSpring GX 11.0. Gene expression data was normalized using Robust Multichip Analysis (RMA) normalization method, differential expression was defined as a fold change ≥1.5, followed by unpaired Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05) and correction for multiple testing by Benjamini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate. Meta-analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed using an integrated bioinformatics pipeline with tools for enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) terms, pathway analysis using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), molecular event enrichment using Reactome annotations and network analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis suite. Extensive biocuration was also performed to understand the functional context of genes. RESULTS We identified 87 genes differentially expressed in the setting of PAD; 40 genes were upregulated and 47 genes were downregulated. We employed an integrated bioinformatics pipeline coupled with literature curation to characterize the functional coherence of differentially regulated genes. CONCLUSION Notably, upregulated genes mediate immune response, inflammation, apoptosis, stress response, phosphorylation, hemostasis, platelet activation and platelet aggregation. Downregulated genes included several genes from the zinc finger family that are involved in transcriptional regulation. These results provide insights into molecular mechanisms relevant to the pathophysiology of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Masud
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905, USA
| | - Khader Shameer
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905, USA
| | - Aparna Dhar
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905, USA
| | - Keyue Ding
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905, USA
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Döring Y, Noels H, Weber C. The Use of High-Throughput Technologies to Investigate Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:182-95. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.232686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The greatest challenge of scientific research is to understand the causes and consequences of disease. In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to unraveling the basic mechanisms of atherosclerosis (the underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease), which remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Because of the complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, different research techniques have increasingly been combined to unravel genetic aspects, molecular pathways, and cellular functions involved in atherogenesis, vascular inflammation, and dyslipidemia to gain a multifaceted picture addressing this complexity. Thanks to the rapid evolution of high-throughput technologies, we are now able to generate large-scale data on the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. With the help of sophisticated computational tools, these data sets are integrated to enhance information extraction and are being increasingly used in a systems biology approach to model biological processes as interconnected and regulated networks. This review exemplifies the use of high-throughput technologies—such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenomics—and systems biology to explore pathomechanisms of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Döring
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Y.D., C.W.); Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, University Clinic Aachen, Aachen, Germany (H.N.); Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.W.)
| | - Heidi Noels
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Y.D., C.W.); Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, University Clinic Aachen, Aachen, Germany (H.N.); Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (Y.D., C.W.); Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, University Clinic Aachen, Aachen, Germany (H.N.); Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.W.)
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Tsai PC, Liao YC, Lin TH, Hsi E, Yang YH, Juo SHH. Additive Effect of ANRIL and BRAP Polymorphisms on Ankle-Brachial Index in a Taiwanese Population. Circ J 2012; 76:446-452. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
- Section of Neurology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Edward Hsi
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Department of Oral Hygiene, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Suh-Hang Hank Juo
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
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25
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Prushik SG, Farber A, Gona P, Shrader P, Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB, Murabito JM. Parental intermittent claudication as risk factor for claudication in adults. Am J Cardiol 2011; 109:736-41. [PMID: 22154319 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the familial aggregation of intermittent claudication (IC). Our objective was to examine whether parental IC increased the risk of IC in adult offspring, independent of the established cardiovascular risk factors. We evaluated the Offspring Cohort Participants of the Framingham Heart Study who were ≥30 years old, cardiovascular disease free, and had both parents enrolled in the Framingham Heart Study (n = 2,970 unique participants, 53% women). Pooled proportional hazards regression analysis was used to examine whether the 12-year risk of incident IC in offspring participants was associated with parental IC, adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and antihypertensive and lipid treatment. Of the 909 person-examinations in the parental IC history group and 5,397 person-examinations in the no-parental IC history group, there were 101 incident IC events (29 with parental IC history and 72 without a parental IC history) during follow-up. The age- and gender-adjusted 12-year cumulative incidence rate per 1,000 person-years was 5.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.74 to 7.33) and 2.34 (95% CI 1.46 to 3.19) in participants with and without a parental IC history. A parental history of IC significantly increased the risk of incident IC in the offspring (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio 1.81, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.88). The hazard ratio was unchanged, with an adjustment for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.91). In conclusion, IC in parents increases the risk of IC in adult offspring, independent of the established risk factors. These data suggest a genetic component of peripheral artery disease and support future research into genetic causes.
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Involvement of histone acetylation of Sox17 and Foxa2 promoters during mouse definitive endoderm differentiation revealed by microRNA profiling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27965. [PMID: 22132182 PMCID: PMC3223193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of hepatocyte from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) holds great promise for hepatocyte replacement therapy to treat liver diseases. Achieving high efficiency of directed differentiation of ESCs to hepatocyte is of critical importance. Previously, Wnt3a has been reported to promote Activin A-induced human definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation, the early stage of hepatocyte differentiation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. Growing evidence demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators involved in various important biological processes including the regulation of stem cell differentiation. In the present study, we profiled genome wide miRNA expression during Wnt3a and Activin A induced mouse DE differentiation. We uncovered distinct miRNA expression patterns during DE differentiation with the identification of a subset of miRNAs whose expression is synergistically regulated by Wnt3a/Activin A treatment at different stages of DE differentiation. Forced expression of a pool of such synergistically regulated miRNAs alone could partially promote DE differentiation, indicating a regulatory role of them. Using TargetScan and GeneGO pathway analyses, the synergistically regulated miRNAs are predicted to regulate key pathways involved in DE differentiation; among them includes the regulation of histone acetylation. Consistently, Wnt3a and Activin A treatment increased global histone acetylation which can be partially mimicked by over expression of the pooled miRNAs. Chromatin IP (ChIP) experiments demonstrated that the promoter regions of Sox17 and Foxa2 are subjected to histone acetylation regulation. Administration of Hdac inhibitors greatly augmented DE differentiation. Our data uncovered a novel epigenetic mechanism of Wnt3a and Activin A induced DE differentiation, whereby the treatment of growth factors induced histone acetylation at least in part by the regulation of miRNA expression.
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27
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Puig O, Yuan J, Stepaniants S, Zieba R, Zycband E, Morris M, Coulter S, Yu X, Menke J, Woods J, Chen F, Ramey DR, He X, O'Neill EA, Hailman E, Johns DG, Hubbard BK, Yee Lum P, Wright SD, Desouza MM, Plump A, Reiser V. A gene expression signature that classifies human atherosclerotic plaque by relative inflammation status. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:595-604. [PMID: 22010137 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.960773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a complex disease requiring improvements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic treatments. Both improvements will be facilitated by greater exploration of the biology of atherosclerotic plaque. To this end, we carried out large-scale gene expression analysis of human atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole genome expression analysis of 101 plaques from patients with peripheral artery disease identified a robust gene signature (1514 genes) that is dominated by processes related to Toll-like receptor signaling, T-cell activation, cholesterol efflux, oxidative stress response, inflammatory cytokine production, vasoconstriction, and lysosomal activity. Further analysis of gene expression in microdissected carotid plaque samples revealed that this signature is differentially expressed in macrophage-rich and smooth muscle cell-containing regions. A quantitative PCR gene expression panel and inflammatory composite score were developed on the basis of the atherosclerotic plaque gene signature. When applied to serial sections of carotid plaque, the inflammatory composite score was observed to correlate with histological and morphological features related to plaque vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS The robust mRNA expression signature identified in the present report is associated with pathological features of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and may be useful as a source of biomarkers and targets of novel antiatherosclerotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Puig
- Department of Molecular Profiling,, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07033, USA.
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Lee T, Wadehra D. Genetic causation of neointimal hyperplasia in hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction. Semin Dial 2011; 25:65-73. [PMID: 21917012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2011.00967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The major cause of hemodialysis vascular access failure is venous stenosis resulting from neointimal hyperplasia. Genetic factors have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in the general population. Genetic factors may also play an important role in vascular access stenosis and development of neointimal hyperplasia by affecting pathways that lead to inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and vascular smooth muscle proliferation. This review will discuss the role of genetics in understanding neointimal hyperplasia development in hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction and other disease processes with similar neointimal hyperplasia development such as coronary artery disease and PVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timmy Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0585, USA.
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29
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Sivapalaratnam S, Farrugia R, Nieuwdorp M, Langford CF, van Beem RT, Maiwald S, Zwaginga JJ, Gusnanto A, Watkins NA, Trip MD, Ouwehand WH. Identification of candidate genes linking systemic inflammation to atherosclerosis; results of a human in vivo LPS infusion study. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:64. [PMID: 21827714 PMCID: PMC3174875 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is widely accepted that atherosclerosis and inflammation are intimately linked. Monocytes play a key role in both of these processes and we hypothesized that activation of inflammatory pathways in monocytes would lead to, among others, proatherogenic changes in the monocyte transcriptome. Such differentially expressed genes in circulating monocytes would be strong candidates for further investigation in disease association studies. Methods Endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or saline control was infused in healthy volunteers. Monocyte RNA was isolated, processed and hybridized to Hver 2.1.1 spotted cDNA microarrays. Differential expression of key genes was confirmed by RT-PCR and results were compared to in vitro data obtained by our group to identify candidate genes. Results All subjects who received LPS experienced the anticipated clinical response indicating successful stimulation. One hour after LPS infusion, 11 genes were identified as being differentially expressed; 1 down regulated and 10 up regulated. Four hours after LPS infusion, 28 genes were identified as being differentially expressed; 3 being down regulated and 25 up regulated. No genes were significantly differentially expressed following saline infusion. Comparison with results obtained in in vitro experiments lead to the identification of 6 strong candidate genes (BATF, BID, C3aR1, IL1RN, SEC61B and SLC43A3) Conclusion In vivo endotoxin exposure of healthy individuals resulted in the identification of several candidate genes through which systemic inflammation links to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthesh Sivapalaratnam
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The development of microarray technology has revolutionized RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) research. In contrast with traditional biological assays, microarrays allow the simultaneous measurement of tens of thousands of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts for gene expression or of genomic DNA fragments for copy number variation analysis. Over the past decade, genome-wide RNA or DNA microarray analysis has become an essential component of biology and biomedical research. The successful use of microarrays requires attention to unique issues of experimental design and execution. This chapter provides an overview of the methodology and applications of RNA and DNA microarrays in various areas of biological research.
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31
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Discovery of a pyrazole derivative promoting angiogenesis through modulating reactive oxygen species and interferon-inducible protein 10 levels. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1491-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rossi L, Lapini I, Magi A, Pratesi G, Lavitrano M, Biasi GM, Pulli R, Pratesi C, Abbate R, Giusti B. Carotid artery disease: novel pathophysiological mechanisms identified by gene-expression profiling of peripheral blood. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 40:549-58. [PMID: 20709579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The pathogenesis of carotid artery stenosis (CAS) as well as the mechanisms underlying the different localisation of the atherosclerotic lesions remains poorly understood. We used microarray technology to identify novel systemic mediators that could contribute to CAS pathogenesis. Moreover, we compared gene-expression profile of CAS with that of patients affected by abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), previously published by our group. METHODS AND RESULTS By global gene-expression profiling in a pool of 10 CAS patients and 10 matched controls, we found 82 genes differentially expressed. Validation study in pools used for profiling and replication study in larger numbers of CAS patients (n = 40) and controls (n = 40) of 14 genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed microarray results. Fourteen out of 82 genes were similarly expressed in AAA patients. Gene ontology analysis identified a statistically significant enrichment in CAS of differentially expressed transcripts involved in immune response and oxygen transport. Whereas alteration of oxygen transport is a common tract of the two localisations, alteration of immune response in CAS and of lipid metabolic process in AAA represents distinctive tracts of the two atherosclerotic diseases. CONCLUSIONS We describe the systemic gene-expression profile of CAS, which provides an extensive list of potential molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rossi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care and DENOTHE Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Tromp G, Kuivaniemi H. Developments in Genomics to Improve Understanding, Diagnosis and Management of Aneurysms and Peripheral Artery Disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2009; 38:676-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhu M, Ji G, Jin G, Yuan Z. Different responsiveness to a high-fat/cholesterol diet in two inbred mice and underlying genetic factors: a whole genome microarray analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2009; 6:43. [PMID: 19835623 PMCID: PMC2768731 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-6-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate different responses to a high-fat/cholesterol diet and uncover their underlying genetic factors between C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred mice. METHODS B6 and D2 mice were fed a high-fat/cholesterol diet for a series of time-points. Serum and bile lipid profiles, bile acid yields, hepatic apoptosis, gallstones and atherosclerosis formation were measured. Furthermore, a whole genome microarray was performed to screen hepatic genes expression profile. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and TUNEL assay were conducted to validate microarray data. RESULTS After fed the high-fat/cholesterol diet, serum and bile total cholesterol, serum cholesterol esters, HDL cholesterol and Non-HDL cholesterol levels were altered in B6 but not significantly changed in D2; meanwhile, biliary bile acid was decreased in B6 but increased in D2. At the same time, hepatic apoptosis, gallstones and atherosclerotic lesions occurred in B6 but not in D2. The hepatic microarray analysis revealed distinctly different genes expression patterns between B6 and D2 mice. Their functional pathway groups included lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, immune/inflammation response and apoptosis. Quantitative real time PCR, TUNEL assay and western-blot results were consistent with microarray analysis. CONCLUSION Different genes expression patterns between B6 and D2 mice might provide a genetic basis for their distinctive responses to a high-fat/cholesterol diet, and give us an opportunity to identify novel pharmaceutical targets in related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Zhu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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35
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Murphy J, Bustin SA. Reliability of real-time reverse-transcription PCR in clinical diagnostics: gold standard or substandard? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009; 9:187-97. [PMID: 19298142 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.9.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics is one of the major growth areas of modern medicine, with real-time PCR established as a qualitative and quantitative technology that is rapid, accurate and sensitive. The sequencing of the human genome, comprehensive genomic, mRNA and miRNA expression profiling of numerous cancer types, the ongoing identification of disease-associated polymorphisms and the expanding availability of genomic sequence information for human pathogens has opened the door to a wide range of translational applications for this technology. Consequently, novel real-time PCR assays have been developed for diagnosis and prognosis, treatment monitoring, transplant biology and pathogen detection, as well as more controversial uses such as lifestyle genotyping. However, this technology is still troubled by significant technical deficiencies. Hence its often-improper use as a clinical tool has important public health implications, most recently demonstrated through its association with the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine/autism controversy. This serves as a timely reminder of the indispensable requirement for careful experimental design, validation and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Murphy
- Centre for Academic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK.
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Shiina T, Hosomichi K, Inoko H, Kulski JK. The HLA genomic loci map: expression, interaction, diversity and disease. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:15-39. [PMID: 19158813 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2008.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) super-locus is a genomic region in the chromosomal position 6p21 that encodes the six classical transplantation HLA genes and at least 132 protein coding genes that have important roles in the regulation of the immune system as well as some other fundamental molecular and cellular processes. This small segment of the human genome has been associated with more than 100 different diseases, including common diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, asthma and various other autoimmune disorders. The first complete and continuous HLA 3.6 Mb genomic sequence was reported in 1999 with the annotation of 224 gene loci, including coding and non-coding genes that were reviewed extensively in 2004. In this review, we present (1) an updated list of all the HLA gene symbols, gene names, expression status, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) numbers, including new genes, and latest changes to gene names and symbols, (2) a regional analysis of the extended class I, class I, class III, class II and extended class II subregions, (3) a summary of the interspersed repeats (retrotransposons and transposons), (4) examples of the sequence diversity between different HLA haplotypes, (5) intra- and extra-HLA gene interactions and (6) some of the HLA gene expression profiles and HLA genes associated with autoimmune and infectious diseases. Overall, the degrees and types of HLA super-locus coordinated gene expression profiles and gene variations have yet to be fully elucidated, integrated and defined for the processes involved with normal cellular and tissue physiology, inflammatory and immune responses, and autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shiina
- Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan.
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