1
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Nyazema KB, Shey BA, Sei CJ, Peters RP, Maningi NE, Fischer GW, Bernard Fourie P. In vitro evaluation of the binding activity of novel mouse IgG1 opsonic monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other selected mycobacterial species. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 35:100435. [PMID: 38601919 PMCID: PMC11004620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance alongside other challenges in tuberculosis (TB) therapeutics have stirred renewed interest in host-directed interventions, including the role of antibodies as adjunct therapeutic agents. This study assessed the binding efficacy of two novel IgG1 opsonic monoclonal antibodies (MABs; GG9 & JG7) at 5, 10, and 25 µg/mL to live cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium, M. bovis, M. fortuitum, M. intracellulare, and M. smegmatis American Type Culture Collection laboratory reference strains, as well as clinical susceptible, multi-drug resistant, and extensively drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These three MAB concentrations were selected from a range of concentrations used in previous optimization (binding and functional) assays. Both MABs bound to all mycobacterial species and sub-types tested, albeit to varying degrees. Statistically significant differences in MAB binding activity were observed when comparing the highest and lowest MAB concentrations (p < 0.05) for both MABs GG9 and JG7, irrespective of the M. tuberculosis resistance profile. Binding affinity increased with an increase in MAB concentration, and optimal binding was observed at 25 µg/mL. JG7 showed better binding activity than GG9. Both MABs also bound to five MOTT species, albeit at varied levels. This non-selective binding to different mycobacterial species suggests a potential role for GG9 and JG7 as adjunctive agents in anti-TB chemotherapy with the aim to enhance bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudzai B. Nyazema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bong-Akee Shey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Clara J. Sei
- Vaccine and Antibody Development, Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Remco P.H. Peters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Foundation for Professional Development, Research Unit, East London, South Africa
| | - Nontuthuko E. Maningi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Gerald W. Fischer
- Vaccine and Antibody Development, Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - P. Bernard Fourie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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McCulloch L, Mouat IC, South K, McColl BW, Allan SM, Smith CJ. Stroke-induced changes to immune function and their relevance to increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 1:kyac004. [PMID: 38566903 PMCID: PMC10917238 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic moves towards endemic disease, it remains of key importance to identify groups of individuals vulnerable to severe infection and understand the biological factors that mediate this risk. Stroke patients are at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19, likely due to stroke-induced alterations to systemic immune function. Furthermore, immune responses associated with severe COVID-19 in patients without a history of stroke parallel many of the immune alterations induced by stroke, possibly resulting in a compounding effect that contributes to worsened disease severity. In this review, we discuss the changes to systemic immune function that likely contribute to augmented COVID-19 severity in patients with a history of stroke and the effects of COVID-19 on the immune system that may exacerbate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McCulloch
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isobel C Mouat
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kieron South
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barry W McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig J Smith
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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3
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Behrouz S, Saadat S, Memarzia A, Sarir H, Folkerts G, Boskabady MH. The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Camel Milk. Front Immunol 2022; 13:855342. [PMID: 35493477 PMCID: PMC9039309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.855342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Camel milk (CM) has been found to have several health benefits, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-fungal, antioxidant, hypoglycaemic and anti-cancer activities. In addition, CM can counter signs of aging and may be a useful naturopathic treatment for autoimmune diseases. The composition of CM varies with geographic origin, feeding conditions, seasonal and physiological changes, genetics and camel health status. In the present review, we collate the diverse scientific literature studying antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of CM and its bioactive compounds. The databases Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched until the end of September 2021 using the keywords: camel milk, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of CM in various inflammatory disorders was consistently reported to be through modulating inflammatory cells and mediators. The common anti-inflammatory bioactive components of CM seem to be lactoferrin. The antioxidant effects of α-lactalbumin, β-caseins and vitamin C of CM work by reducing or inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anions and peroxyl radicals, likely alleviating oxidative stress. Higher levels of protective proteins such as lysozyme, IgG and secretory IgA compared to cow's milk, and insulin-like protein activity of CM on ß cells appear to be responsible for the immunomodulatory properties of CM. The evidence indicates that CM and its bioactive components has the potential to be a therapeutic value for diseases that are caused by inflammation, oxidative stress and/or immune-dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Behrouz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arghavan Memarzia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Sarir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Elgueta D, Murgas P, Riquelme E, Yang G, Cancino GI. Consequences of Viral Infection and Cytokine Production During Pregnancy on Brain Development in Offspring. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816619. [PMID: 35464419 PMCID: PMC9021386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections during pregnancy can seriously damage fetal neurodevelopment by aberrantly activating the maternal immune system, directly impacting fetal neural cells. Increasing evidence suggests that these adverse impacts involve alterations in neural stem cell biology with long-term consequences for offspring, including neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and cognitive impairment. Here we review how maternal infection with viruses such as Influenza A, Cytomegalovirus, and Zika during pregnancy can affect the brain development of offspring by promoting the release of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines, triggering neuroinflammation of the fetal brain, and/or directly infecting fetal neural cells. In addition, we review insights into how these infections impact human brain development from studies with animal models and brain organoids. Finally, we discuss how maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2 may have consequences for neurodevelopment of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Elgueta
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Murgas
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erick Riquelme
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gonzalo I Cancino
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Cai L, Zeng H, Tan X, Wu X, Qian C, Chen G. The Role of the Blood Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2021; 12:671098. [PMID: 34149601 PMCID: PMC8209292 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.671098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is an important type of stroke with the highest rates of mortality and disability. Recent evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in both early brain injury and delayed neural deterioration after aSAH, contributing to unfavorable outcomes. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a peripheral biomarker that conveys information about the inflammatory burden in terms of both innate and adaptive immunity. This review summarizes relevant studies that associate the NLR with aSAH to evaluate whether the NLR can predict outcomes and serve as an effective biomarker for clinical management. We found that increased NLR is valuable in predicting the clinical outcome of aSAH patients and is related to the risk of complications such as delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) or rebleeding. Combined with other indicators, the NLR provides improved accuracy for predicting prognosis to stratify patients into different risk categories. The underlying pathophysiology is highlighted to identify new potential targets for neuroprotection and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Cai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanhai Zeng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Qian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Evans MA, Shields CW, Krishnan V, Wang LL, Zhao Z, Ukidve A, Lewandowski M, Gao Y, Mitragotri S. Macrophage‐Mediated Delivery of Hypoxia‐Activated Prodrug Nanoparticles. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Evans
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - C. Wyatt Shields
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Vinu Krishnan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Lily Li‐Wen Wang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Zhongmin Zhao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Anvay Ukidve
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Michael Lewandowski
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard University 29 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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7
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Wahi K, Kodar K, McConnell MJ, Harper JL, Timmer MSM, Stocker BL. MSU Crystals Enhance TDB-Mediated Inflammatory Macrophage IL-1β Secretion. Inflammation 2019; 42:1129-1136. [PMID: 30806957 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment predominantly consists of macrophages with phenotypes ranging from pro-inflammatory (M1-like) to anti-inflammatory (M2-like). Trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate (TDB) displays moderate anti-tumour activity and stimulates M1-like macrophages via the macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) resulting in IL-1β production. In this study, we examined if monosodium urate (MSU), a known vaccine adjuvant, can boost IL-1β production by TDB-stimulated macrophages. We investigated the effect of MSU/TDB co-treatment on IL-1β production by GM-CSF (M1-like) and M-CSF/IL-4 (M2-like) differentiated mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and found that MSU/TDB co-treatment of GM-CSF BMMs significantly enhanced IL-1β production in a Mincle-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that increased IL-1β production by GM-CSF BMMs was associated with the induction of pro-IL-1β expression by TDB rather than MSU. Flow cytometry analysis showed that MSU/TDB co-stimulation of GM-CSF BMMs led to greater expansion of CD86high/MHC IIhigh and CD86low/MHC IIlow subpopulations; however, only the latter showed increased production of IL-1β. Together, these findings provide evidence of the potential to use MSU/TDB co-treatment to boost IL-1β-mediated anti-tumour activity in M1-like tumour-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanu Wahi
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Kristel Kodar
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Melanie J McConnell
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jacquie L Harper
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mattie S M Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand. .,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand. .,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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8
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Tagashira A, Nishi K, Sugahara T. Lysozyme from hen egg white ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in mice. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:497-506. [PMID: 30721425 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is an anti-bacterial protein that is widely distributed in nature. Our previous studies revealed that lysozyme shows anti-inflammatory effect on hyperinflammatory macrophages in vitro. The effect of lysozyme on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation model mice was examined in this study. Oral administration of lysozyme at 2250 mg/kg body weight/day (high-dose group) significantly suppressed interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the serum. IL-6 level in the spleen was significantly suppressed by lysozyme at 450 mg/kg body weight/day (middle-dose group) and high-dose group due to the suppression of gene expression level. The gene expression levels of IL-1β and IL-12 were also decreased by lysozyme in the high-dose group. In addition, lysozyme significantly suppressed IL-6 level in the liver in the high-dose group. Our findings suggest that lysozyme mitigates inflammatory condition in vivo by suppressing inflammatory cytokine levels in serum and organs from LPS-induced inflammation model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuka Tagashira
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nishi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan.,Food and Health Sciences Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugahara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan. .,Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan. .,Food and Health Sciences Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan.
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9
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Sale P, Ferriero G, Ciabattoni L, Cortese AM, Ferracuti F, Romeo L, Piccione F, Masiero S. Predicting Motor and Cognitive Improvement Through Machine Learning Algorithm in Human Subject that Underwent a Rehabilitation Treatment in the Early Stage of Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2962-2972. [PMID: 30077601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate, in subject with stroke, the exact role as prognostic factor of common inflammatory biomarkers and other markers in predicting motor and/or cognitive improvement after rehabilitation treatment from early stage of stroke. METHODS In this longitudinal cohort study on stroke patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation, data from 55 participants were analyzed. Functional and clinical data were collected after admission to the rehabilitation unit. Biochemical and hematological parameters were obtained from peripheral venous blood samples on all individuals who participated in the study within 24hours from the admission at the rehabilitative treatment. Data regarding the health status were collected at the end of rehabilitative treatment. First, a feature selection has been performed to estimate the mutual dependence between input and output variables. More specifically, the so called Mutual Information criterion has been exploited. In the second stage of the analysis, the Support Vector Machines (SVMs), a non-probabilistic binary machine learning algorithm widely used for classification and regression, has been used to predict the output of the rehabilitation process. Performances of the linear SVM regression algorithm have been evaluated considering a different number of input features (ranging from 4 to 14). The performance evaluation of the model proposed has been investigated in terms of correlation, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Deviation Percentage (MADP). RESULTS Results on the test samples show a good correlation between all the predicted and measured outputs (i.e. T1 Barthel Index (BI), T1 Motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM), T1 Cognitive FIM and T1 Total FIM) ranging from 0.75 to 0.81. While the MADP is high (i.e., 83.96%) for T1 BI, the other predicted responses (i.e., T1 Motor FIM, T1 Cognitive FIM, T1 Total FIM) disclose a smaller MADP of 30%. Accordingly, the RMSE ranges from 4.28 for T1 Cognitive FIM to 22.6 for T1 BI. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the authors developed a new predictive model using SVM regression starting from common inflammatory biomarkers and other ratio markers. The main efforts of our model have been accomplished in regard to the evidence that the type of stroke has not shown itself to be a critical input variable to predict the discharge data, furthermore, among the four selected indicators, Barthel at T1 is the less predictable (MADP > 80%), while it is possible to predict T1 Cognitive FIM with an MADP less than 18%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Sale
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; San Camillo Hospital IRCCS, Venice, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Ferriero
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Scientific Institute of Lissone, IRCCS, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Lissone MB, Italy.
| | - Lucio Ciabattoni
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | | | - Francesco Ferracuti
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Luca Romeo
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Masiero
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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10
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Celiac disease and atherosclerosis: An immunologic puzzle to be solved? Immunol Lett 2016; 180:75-76. [PMID: 27743857 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Nagarsekar K, Ashtikar M, Steiniger F, Thamm J, Schacher FH, Fahr A. Micro-spherical cochleate composites: method development for monodispersed cochleate system. J Liposome Res 2016; 27:32-40. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2016.1149865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpa Nagarsekar
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Mukul Ashtikar
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Jana Thamm
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany, and
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alfred Fahr
- Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Institut für Pharmazie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany,
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12
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Costa LC, Mohmood I, Trindade T, Saleem M, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Ahmad I. Rescheduling the process of nanoparticle removal used for water mercury remediation can increase the risk to aquatic organism: evidence of innate immune functions modulation in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:18574-18589. [PMID: 26396010 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the mechanisms of innate immune function responses to silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticle functionalized with dithiocarbamate groups (IONP) exposure alone and its associated mercury (Hg) in European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) phagocytes isolated from peritoneum (P-phagocytes), gill (G-phagocytes), head kidney (HK-phagocytes) and spleen (S-phagocytes). The study evaluated viability, phagocytosis, oxidative burst activity (OBA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Four groups were made: (1) 2 × 10(6) phagocytes + RPMI-1640 (control), (2) 2 × 10(6) phagocytes + IONP (2.5 mg L(-1)), (3) 2 × 10(6) phagocytes + Hg (50 μg L(-1)) and (4) 2 × 10(6) phagocytes + IONP + Hg. Samplings were performed at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. A. anguilla P-, G-, HK- and S-phagocytes in vitro exposure to IONP alone revealed either increased (except HK-phagocytes at 16 h) or no change in viability, suggesting that the cells are metabolically active and resistant to IONP exposure alone. In terms of phagocytes overactivation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as an indirect mechanism of immunotoxicity, the phagocytes responded in the following manner: P- > S- > HK- = G-phagocytes for IONP exposure alone, S- > HK- > P- = G-phagocytes for Hg exposure alone and HK- > G- = S- > P-phagocytes for concomitant exposure. Overall, considering Hg as a surrogate for metals and its association with IONP, as well as the likelihood that it could pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms by modulating their immune defense mechanisms if accidentally discharged into the aquatic environment, current results suggest that the step of IONP-metal complex removal must not be underrated and should be processed without any more ado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor C Costa
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iram Mohmood
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tito Trindade
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Molecular Chemoprevention and Therapeutics, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Characterization of Peripheral Immune Cell Subsets in Patients with Acute and Chronic Cerebrovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25433-49. [PMID: 26512654 PMCID: PMC4632808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells (IC) play a crucial role in murine stroke pathophysiology. However, data are limited on the role of these cells in ischemic stroke in humans. We therefore aimed to characterize and compare peripheral IC subsets in patients with acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (AIS/TIA), chronic cerebrovascular disease (CCD) and healthy volunteers (HV). We conducted a case-control study of patients with AIS/TIA (n = 116) or CCD (n = 117), and HV (n = 104) who were enrolled at the University Hospital Würzburg from 2010 to 2013. We determined the expression and quantity of IC subsets in the three study groups and performed correlation analyses with demographic and clinical parameters. The quantity of several IC subsets differed between the AIS/TIA, CCD, and HV groups. Several clinical and demographic variables independently predicted the quantity of IC subsets in patients with AIS/TIA. No significant changes in the quantity of IC subsets occurred within the first three days after AIS/TIA. Overall, these findings strengthen the evidence for a pathophysiologic role of IC in human ischemic stroke and the potential use of IC-based biomarkers for the prediction of stroke risk. A comprehensive description of IC kinetics is crucial to enable the design of targeted treatment strategies.
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In vitro screening of 1-aryl-6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines: Structure related activity against pathogenic bacteria. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Zhang Z, Wang LP, Zhao XL, Wang F, Huang L, Wang M, Chen XF, Li H, Zhang Y. Pseudomonas aeruginosa injection enhanced antitumor cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells derived from cord blood. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:1057-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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16
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Lehmann C, Burkovskiy I, Kuethe J, Zhou J, Caldwell C, Kelly M. Inhibition of the cannabinoid 2 receptor in CNS-injury induced immunodeficiency syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:736-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
This article presents a pilot study to determine the value of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO₂) in the acute management of neonatal hypoxia (hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy) and necrotizing enterocolitis. Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and NE were treated in a Sechrist monoplace chamber. Electroencephalogram, evoked potential, ophthalmic evaluation, ultrasonograph, laboratory exams, and radiographs were obtained before and after HBO₂. Treatment protocol was 2.0 atm abs/45 minutes. Preventive myringotomies were conducted in all patients. A follow-up was done at 3 and 6 months. All patients (n = 8) were ventilator-dependent and required bag-valve-mask ventilation by a neonatologist during the treatment. All showed a resolution after HBO₂. There was also a dramatic improvement (P < .05) in hemoglobin, hematocrit, total proteins, serum sodium, triglycerides, and pH. There were favorable changes in all other studies although they did not meet statistical significance. There was a marked reduction of the morbidity and mortality. There were no adverse effects on the ophthalmologic or Central Nervous System. When used promptly, HBO₂ can modify the local and systemic inflammatory response caused by intestinal inflammation or cerebral or systemic hypoxia. It helps to preserve the marginal tissue and recover the ischemic and metabolic penumbra. This pilot study suggests that HBO₂ could be a safe and effective treatment in the acute management of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. There is a need for a prospective, randomized, controlled, and double-blinded study to determine the real use of HBO₂ in these cases.
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Grønberg NV, Johansen FF, Kristiansen U, Hasseldam H. Leukocyte infiltration in experimental stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:115. [PMID: 24047275 PMCID: PMC3852747 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. At present, the only available treatment is thrombolysis, which should be initiated no later than 4.5 hours after onset of symptoms. Several studies have shown that an attenuation of the inflammatory response in relation to stroke could widen the therapeutic window. However, the immune system has important functions following infarction, such as removal of dead cells and the subsequent astrocytosis as well as prevention of post-ischemic infection. Hence, detailed knowledge concerning the temporal profile of leukocyte infiltration is necessary in order to develop new and effective treatments. The purpose of this review is to determine the temporal profile of leukocyte (neutrophil granulocytes, macrophages and T-cells) infiltration following experimental stroke. We found that the number of neutrophil granulocytes peaks between day 1 and 3 after experimental stroke, with short occlusion times (30 and 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)) leading to a later peak in response (P <0.001). Macrophages/microglia were found to peak later than day 3 and stay in the infarcted area for longer time periods, whereas duration of occlusion had no influence on the temporal infiltration (P = 0.475). Studies on T-cell infiltration are few; however, a tendency towards infiltration peak at later time points (from day 4 onwards) was seen. This review provides a framework for the instigation of post-stroke anti-inflammatory treatment, which could prove beneficial and widen the therapeutic window compared to current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vindegaard Grønberg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
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Kim SK, Park HJ, Kim JW, Chung JH, Yoo SD, Kim DH, Yun DH, Kim HS. T Allele of nonsense polymorphism (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of interferon-ε is a risk factor for the development of intracerebral hemorrhage. Hum Immunol 2013; 75:88-90. [PMID: 24055696 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) play key roles in various biologic responses including antiviral and immune reactions. We evaluated one possible risk factor in nonsense polymorphism (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of interferon-ε (IFNE). We recruited stroke [119 ischemic stroke (IS) and 145 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)] and control (401), respectively. The nonsense SNP (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of IFNE was selected. We identified individual genotype using sequencing. SNPStats and SPSS 18.0 programs were used to analyze genetic data. Genotype frequencies (C/C:C/T:T/T) in the ICH group and control group were 59.3:37.9:2.8 and 73.6:23.4:3.0, respectively. We found that rs2039381 was associated with ICH (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.33-3.03, p = 0.001 in codominant1 model; OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.28-2.84, p = 0.0016 in dominant model; OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.14-2.26, p = 0.0074 in log-additive model). T allele frequency of rs2039381 was significantly higher in ICH than in controls. The nonsense SNP (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of IFNE was associated with ICH (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.14-2.26, p = 0.006). A nonsense SNP (rs2039381, Gln71Stop) of IFNE was associated with ICH in Korean population. Our findings raise the possibility that the T allele of rs2039381 is a risk factor which is susceptible to ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kang Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Chung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Don Yoo
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Yun
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sang Kim
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-702, Republic of Korea.
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