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Thakur M, Bhatt A, Sharma V, Mathur V. Interplay of heavy metal accumulation, physiological responses, and microbiome dynamics in lichens: insights and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:926. [PMID: 39264410 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Lichens are increasingly recognised as valuable bioindicators for environmental heavy metal pollution due to their sensitivity to spatial and temporal variations in pollution levels and their ability to adapt to diverse and often harsh habitats. This review initially examines the mechanisms of metal absorption in lichens, including particulate entrapment, ion exchange, and intracellular absorption, as well as their physiological responses to abiotic stressors such as heavy metal exposure and desiccation. In the latter part, we compile and synthesise evidence showing that secondary metabolites in lichens are significantly influenced by metal concentrations, with varying impacts across different species. Although extensive research has addressed the broader physiological effects of heavy metal hyperaccumulation in lichens, there remains a significant gap in understanding the direct or indirect influences of heavy metals on the lichen microbiome, possibly mediated by changes in secondary metabolite production. Our review integrates these aspects to propose new research directions aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying physiological responses such as resilience and adaptability in lichens. Overall, this review highlights the dynamic interplay between microbiome composition, secondary metabolite variation, and metal accumulation, suggesting that these factors collectively contribute to the physiological responses of lichens in polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Thakur
- Department of Botany, South Campus, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Marg, Dhaula kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Amit Bhatt
- Animal Plant Interaction Lab, Department of Zoology, South Campus, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Marg, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Vaibhav Sharma
- The Bacterial Ecology and Evolution Lab, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Vartika Mathur
- Animal Plant Interaction Lab, Department of Zoology, South Campus, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Marg, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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2
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Pathak PK, Yadav N, Kaladhar VC, Jaiswal R, Kumari A, Igamberdiev AU, Loake GJ, Gupta KJ. The emerging roles of nitric oxide and its associated scavengers-phytoglobins-in plant symbiotic interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:563-577. [PMID: 37843034 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
A key feature in the establishment of symbiosis between plants and microbes is the maintenance of the balance between the production of the small redox-related molecule, nitric oxide (NO), and its cognate scavenging pathways. During the establishment of symbiosis, a transition from a normoxic to a microoxic environment often takes place, triggering the production of NO from nitrite via a reductive production pathway. Plant hemoglobins [phytoglobins (Phytogbs)] are a central tenant of NO scavenging, with NO homeostasis maintained via the Phytogb-NO cycle. While the first plant hemoglobin (leghemoglobin), associated with the symbiotic relationship between leguminous plants and bacterial Rhizobium species, was discovered in 1939, most other plant hemoglobins, identified only in the 1990s, were considered as non-symbiotic. From recent studies, it is becoming evident that the role of Phytogbs1 in the establishment and maintenance of plant-bacterial and plant-fungal symbiosis is also essential in roots. Consequently, the division of plant hemoglobins into symbiotic and non-symbiotic groups becomes less justified. While the main function of Phytogbs1 is related to the regulation of NO levels, participation of these proteins in the establishment of symbiotic relationships between plants and microorganisms represents another important dimension among the other processes in which these key redox-regulatory proteins play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Yadav
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rekha Jaiswal
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Aprajita Kumari
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- Centre for Engineering Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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Allagulova CR, Lubyanova AR, Avalbaev AM. Multiple Ways of Nitric Oxide Production in Plants and Its Functional Activity under Abiotic Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11637. [PMID: 37511393 PMCID: PMC10380521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signaling molecule that plays an important role in plant ontogenesis and responses to different stresses. The most widespread abiotic stress factors limiting significantly plant growth and crop yield are drought, salinity, hypo-, hyperthermia, and an excess of heavy metal (HM) ions. Data on the accumulation of endogenous NO under stress factors and on the alleviation of their negative effects under exogenous NO treatments indicate the perspectives of its practical application to improve stress resistance and plant productivity. This requires fundamental knowledge of the NO metabolism and the mechanisms of its biological action in plants. NO generation occurs in plants by two main alternative mechanisms: oxidative or reductive, in spontaneous or enzymatic reactions. NO participates in plant development by controlling the processes of seed germination, vegetative growth, morphogenesis, flower transition, fruit ripening, and senescence. Under stressful conditions, NO contributes to antioxidant protection, osmotic adjustment, normalization of water balance, regulation of cellular ion homeostasis, maintenance of photosynthetic reactions, and growth processes of plants. NO can exert regulative action by inducing posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins changing the activity of different enzymes or transcriptional factors, modulating the expression of huge amounts of genes, including those related to stress tolerance. This review summarizes the current data concerning molecular mechanisms of NO production and its activity in plants during regulation of their life cycle and adaptation to drought, salinity, temperature stress, and HM ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulpan R Allagulova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Alsu R Lubyanova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Azamat M Avalbaev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
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4
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Valim HF, Dal Grande F, Otte J, Singh G, Merges D, Schmitt I. Identification and expression of functionally conserved circadian clock genes in lichen-forming fungi. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15884. [PMID: 36151124 PMCID: PMC9508176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichen-forming fungi establish stable symbioses with green algae or cyanobacteria. Many species have broad distributions, both in geographic and ecological space, making them ideal subjects to study organism-environment interactions. However, little is known about the specific mechanisms that contribute to environmental adaptation in lichen-forming fungi. The circadian clock provides a well-described mechanism that contributes to regional adaptation across a variety of species, including fungi. Here, we identify the putative circadian clock components in phylogenetically divergent lichen-forming fungi. The core circadian genes (frq, wc-1, wc-2, frh) are present across the Fungi, including 31 lichen-forming species, and their evolutionary trajectories mirror overall fungal evolution. Comparative analyses of the clock genes indicate conserved domain architecture among lichen- and non-lichen-forming taxa. We used RT-qPCR to examine the core circadian loop of two unrelated lichen-forming fungi, Umbilicaria pustulata (Lecanoromycetes) and Dermatocarpon miniatum (Eurotiomycetes), to determine that the putative frq gene is activated in a light-dependent manner similar to the model fungus Neurospora crassa. Together, these results demonstrate that lichen-forming fungi retain functional light-responsive mechanisms, including a functioning circadian clock. Our findings provide a stepping stone into investigating the circadian clock in the lichen symbiosis, e.g. its role in adaptation, and in synchronizing the symbiotic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique F Valim
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Francesco Dal Grande
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padua, Italy
| | - Jürgen Otte
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Garima Singh
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, Padua, Italy
| | - Dominik Merges
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Imke Schmitt
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Trebouxia lynnae sp. nov. (Former Trebouxia sp. TR9): Biology and Biogeography of an Epitome Lichen Symbiotic Microalga. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081196. [PMID: 36009823 PMCID: PMC9405249 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Two microalgal species, Trebouxia jamesii and Trebouxia sp. TR9, were detected as the main photobionts coexisting in the thalli of the lichen Ramalina farinacea. Trebouxia sp. TR9 emerged as a new taxon in lichen symbioses and was successfully isolated and propagated in in vitro culture and thoroughly investigated. Several years of research have confirmed the taxon Trebouxia sp. TR9 to be a model/reference organism for studying mycobiont−photobiont association patterns in lichen symbioses. Trebouxia sp. TR9 is the first symbiotic, lichen-forming microalga for which an exhaustive characterization of cellular ultrastructure, physiological traits, genetic and genomic diversity is available. The cellular ultrastructure was studied by light, electron and confocal microscopy; physiological traits were studied as responses to different abiotic stresses. The genetic diversity was previously analyzed at both the nuclear and organelle levels by using chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear genome data, and a multiplicity of phylogenetic analyses were carried out to study its intraspecific diversity at a biogeographical level and its specificity association patterns with the mycobiont. Here, Trebouxia sp. TR9 is formally described by applying an integrative taxonomic approach and is presented to science as Trebouxia lynnae, in honor of Lynn Margulis, who was the primary modern proponent for the significance of symbiosis in evolution. The complete set of analyses that were carried out for its characterization is provided.
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Gasulla F, del Campo EM, Casano LM, Guéra A. Advances in Understanding of Desiccation Tolerance of Lichens and Lichen-Forming Algae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:807. [PMID: 33923980 PMCID: PMC8073698 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic associations (holobionts) established between fungi (mycobionts) and certain groups of cyanobacteria or unicellular green algae (photobionts). This symbiotic association has been essential in the colonization of terrestrial dry habitats. Lichens possess key mechanisms involved in desiccation tolerance (DT) that are constitutively present such as high amounts of polyols, LEA proteins, HSPs, a powerful antioxidant system, thylakoidal oligogalactolipids, etc. This strategy allows them to be always ready to survive drastic changes in their water content. However, several studies indicate that at least some protective mechanisms require a minimal time to be induced, such as the induction of the antioxidant system, the activation of non-photochemical quenching including the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, lipid membrane remodeling, changes in the proportions of polyols, ultrastructural changes, marked polysaccharide remodeling of the cell wall, etc. Although DT in lichens is achieved mainly through constitutive mechanisms, the induction of protection mechanisms might allow them to face desiccation stress in a better condition. The proportion and relevance of constitutive and inducible DT mechanisms seem to be related to the ecology at which lichens are adapted to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gasulla
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.d.C.); (L.M.C.)
| | | | | | - Alfredo Guéra
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.d.C.); (L.M.C.)
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Expósito JR, Mejuto I, Catalá M. Detection of active cell death markers in rehydrated lichen thalli and the involvement of nitrogen monoxide (NO). Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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de las Heras R, Catalá M. Biotechnological applications of lichen phycobionts: fast bioassay of environmental toxicity. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-020-00726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Expósito JR, Coello AJ, Barreno E, Casano LM, Catalá M. Endogenous NO Is Involved in Dissimilar Responses to Rehydration and Pb(NO 3) 2 in Ramalina farinacea Thalli and Its Isolated Phycobionts. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 79:604-616. [PMID: 31492977 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lichens undergo desiccation/rehydration cycles and are permeable to heavy metals, which induce free radicals. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) regulates important cellular functions, but the research on lichen NO is still very scarce. In Ramalina farinacea thalli, NO seems to be involved in the peroxidative damage caused by air pollution, antioxidant defence and regulation of lipid peroxidation and photosynthesis. Our hypothesis is that NO also has a critical role during the rehydration and in the responses to lead of its isolated phycobionts (Trebouxia sp. TR9 and Trebouxia jamesii). Therefore, we studied the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll autofluorescence during rehydration of thalli and isolated microalgae in the presence of a NO scavenger and Pb(NO3)2. During rehydration, NO scavenging modulates free radical release and chlorophyll autofluorescence but not lipid peroxidation in both thalli and phycobionts. Pb(NO3)2 reduced free radical release (hormetic effect) both in the whole thallus and in microalgae. However, only in TR9, the ROS production, chlorophyll autofluorescence and lipid peroxidation were dependent on NO. In conclusion, Pb hormetic effect seems to depend on NO solely in TR9, while is doubtful for T. jamesii and the whole thalli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Expósito
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A J Coello
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Barreno
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - L M Casano
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Catalá
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Singh S, Kumar V, Kapoor D, Kumar S, Singh S, Dhanjal DS, Datta S, Samuel J, Dey P, Wang S, Prasad R, Singh J. Revealing on hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide signals co-ordination for plant growth under stress conditions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:301-317. [PMID: 31264712 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the recent times, plants are facing certain types of environmental stresses, which give rise to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxides, superoxide anions and so on. These are required by the plants at low concentrations for signal transduction and at high concentrations, they repress plant root growth. Apart from the ROS activities, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO) have major contributions in regulating growth and developmental processes in plants, as they also play key roles as signaling molecules and act as chief plant immune defense mechanisms against various biotic as well as abiotic stresses. H2 S and NO are the two pivotal gaseous messengers involved in growth, germination and improved tolerance in plants under stressed and non-stress conditions. H2 S and NO mediate cell signaling in plants as a response to several abiotic stresses like temperature, heavy metal exposure, water and salinity. They alter gene expression levels to induce the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes and also trigger their interactions with each other. However, research has been limited to only cross adaptations and signal transductions. Understanding the change and mechanism of H2 S and NO mediated cell signaling will broaden our knowledge on the various biochemical changes that occur in plant cells related to different stresses. A clear understanding of these molecules in various environmental stresses would help to confer biotechnological applications to protect plants against abiotic stresses and to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali, 160059, India
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, 160059, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, 474009, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali, 160059, India
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, 160059, India
| | - Satyender Singh
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, 160059, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Shivika Datta
- Department of Zoology, Doaba College, Jalandhar, 144005, India
| | - Jastin Samuel
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Waste Valorization Research Lab, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Pinaki Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, India
| | - Shanquan Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ram Prasad
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
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11
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A forty year journey: The generation and roles of NO in plants. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:53-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hell AF, Gasulla F, Gonzï Lez-Hourcade MA, Del Campo EM, Centeno DC, Casano LM. Tolerance to Cyclic Desiccation in Lichen Microalgae is Related to Habitat Preference and Involves Specific Priming of the Antioxidant System. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1880-1891. [PMID: 31127294 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a crucial challenge for lichens exposed to cyclic desiccation and rehydration (D/R). However, strategies to overcome this potential stress are still being unraveled. Therefore, the physiological performance and antioxidant mechanisms of two lichen microalgae, Trebouxia sp. (TR9) and Coccomyxa simplex (Csol), were analyzed. TR9 was isolated from Ramalina farinacea, a Mediterranean fruticose epiphytic lichen adapted to xeric habitats, while Csol is the phycobiont of Solorina saccata, a foliaceous lichen that grows on humid rock crevices. The tolerance to desiccation of both species was tested by subjecting them to different drying conditions and to four consecutive daily cycles of D/R. Our results show that a relative humidity close to that of their habitats was crucial to maintain the photosynthetic rates. Concerning antioxidant enzymes, in general, manganese superoxide dismutases (MnSODs) were induced after desiccation and decreased after rehydration. In TR9, catalase (CAT)-A increased, and its activity was maintained after four cycles of D/R. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was detected only in Csol, while glutathione reductase increased only in TR9. Transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes indicate that most isoforms of MnSOD and FeSOD were induced by desiccation and repressed after rehydration. CAT2 gene expression was also upregulated and maintained at higher levels even after four cycles of D/R in accordance with enzymatic activities. To our knowledge, this is the first study to include the complete set of the main antioxidant enzymes in desiccation-tolerant microalgae. The results highlight the species-specific induction of the antioxidant system during cyclic D/R, suggesting a priming of oxidative defence metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline F Hell
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcal�, Alcal� de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, S�o Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Gasulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcal�, Alcal� de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eva M Del Campo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcal�, Alcal� de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danilo C Centeno
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, S�o Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Casano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcal�, Alcal� de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Expósito JR, Martín San Román S, Barreno E, Reig-Armiñana J, García-Breijo FJ, Catalá M. Inhibition of NO Biosynthetic Activities during Rehydration of Ramalina farinacea Lichen Thalli Provokes Increases in Lipid Peroxidation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E189. [PMID: 31247947 PMCID: PMC6681199 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are poikilohydrous symbiotic associations between a fungus, photosynthetic partners, and bacteria. They are tolerant to repeated desiccation/rehydration cycles and adapted to anhydrobiosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a keystone for stress tolerance of lichens; during lichen rehydration, NO limits free radicals and lipid peroxidation but no data on the mechanisms of its synthesis exist. The aim of this work is to characterize the synthesis of NO in the lichen Ramalina farinacea using inhibitors of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), tungstate, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), respectively. Tungstate suppressed the NO level in the lichen and caused an increase in malondialdehyde during rehydration in the hyphae of cortex and in phycobionts, suggesting that a plant-like NR is involved in the NO production. Specific activity of NR in R. farinacea was 91 μU/mg protein, a level comparable to those in the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana. L-NAME treatment did not suppress the NO level in the lichens. On the other hand, NADPH-diaphorase activity cytochemistry showed a possible presence of a NOS-like activity in the microalgae where it is associated with cytoplasmatic vesicles. These data provide initial evidence that NO synthesis in R. farinacea involves NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Expósito
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET-Campus de Móstoles, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Sara Martín San Román
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET-Campus de Móstoles, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Eva Barreno
- Universitat de València, Botánica & ICBIBE-Jardí Botànic, Fac. CC. Biológicas, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Reig-Armiñana
- Universitat de València, Botánica & ICBIBE-Jardí Botànic, Fac. CC. Biológicas, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Myriam Catalá
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET-Campus de Móstoles, C/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
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Cernava T, Aschenbrenner IA, Soh J, Sensen CW, Grube M, Berg G. Plasticity of a holobiont: desiccation induces fasting-like metabolism within the lichen microbiota. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 13:547-556. [PMID: 30310167 PMCID: PMC6331575 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of host-associated microbiota in enduring dehydration and drought is largely unknown. We have used lichens to study this increasingly important problem because they are the organisms that are optimally adapted to reoccurring hydration/dehydration cycles, and they host a defined and persistent bacterial community. The analysis of metatranscriptomic datasets from bacterial communities of the lung lichen (Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.), sampled under representative hydration stages, revealed significant structural shifts and functional specialization to host conditions. The hydrated samples showed upregulated transcription of transport systems, tRNA modification and various porins (Omp2b by Rhizobiales), whereas the desiccated samples showed different functions related to stress adaption prominently. Carbohydrate metabolism was activated under both conditions. Under dry conditions, upregulation of a specialized ketone metabolism indicated a switch to lipid-based nutrition. Several bacterial lineages were involved in a functional transition that was reminiscent of a 'fasting metaorganism'. Similar functional adaptions were assigned to taxonomically unrelated groups, indicating hydration-related specialization of the microbiota. We were able to show that host-associated bacterial communities are well adapted to dehydration by stress protection and changes of the metabolism. Moreover, our results indicate an intense interplay in holobiont functioning under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ines Aline Aschenbrenner
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jung Soh
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph W Sensen
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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15
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Montalbán B, Thijs S, Lobo MC, Weyens N, Ameloot M, Vangronsveld J, Pérez-Sanz A. Cultivar and Metal-Specific Effects of Endophytic Bacteria in Helianthus tuberosus Exposed to Cd and Zn. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2026. [PMID: 28934107 PMCID: PMC5666708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPB) isolated from Brassica napus were inoculated in two cultivars of Helianthus tuberosus (VR and D19) growing on sand supplemented with 0.1 mM Cd or 1 mM Zn. Plant growth, concentrations of metals and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive compounds were determined. Colonization of roots of H. tuberosus D19 by Pseudomonas sp. 262 was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Pseudomonas sp. 228, Serratia sp. 246 and Pseudomonas sp. 262 significantly enhanced growth of H. tuberosus D19 exposed to Cd or Zn. Pseudomonas sp. 228 significantly increased Cd concentrations in roots. Serratia sp. 246, and Pseudomonas sp. 256 and 228 resulted in significantly decreased contents of TBA reactive compounds in roots of Zn exposed D19 plants. Growth improvement and decrease of metal-induced stress were more pronounced in D19 than in VR. Pseudomonas sp. 262-green fluorescent protein (GFP) colonized the root epidermis/exodermis and also inside root hairs, indicating that an endophytic interaction was established. H. tuberosus D19 inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. 228, Serratia sp. 246 and Pseudomonas sp. 262 holds promise for sustainable biomass production in combination with phytoremediation on Cd and Zn contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Montalbán
- Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, IMIDRA, Finca "El Encín", Autovía del Noreste A-2 Km 38.2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, BE3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, BE3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Mª Carmen Lobo
- Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, IMIDRA, Finca "El Encín", Autovía del Noreste A-2 Km 38.2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nele Weyens
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, BE3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Biomedical Research Department, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, BE3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, BE3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Araceli Pérez-Sanz
- Departamento de Investigación Agroambiental, IMIDRA, Finca "El Encín", Autovía del Noreste A-2 Km 38.2, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
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16
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Traba HM, Domínguez-Morueco N, Barreno E, Catalá M. Lichen microalgae are sensitive to environmental concentrations of atrazine. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2017; 52:223-228. [PMID: 28095253 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1270679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The identification of new organisms for environmental toxicology bioassays is currently a priority, since these tools are strongly limited by the ecological relevance of taxa used to study global change. Lichens are sensitive bioindicators of air quality and their microalgae are an untapped source for new low-cost miniaturized bioassays with ecological importance. In order to increase the availability of a wider range of taxa for bioassays, the sensitivity of two symbiotic lichen microalgae, Asterochloris erici and Trebouxia sp. TR9, to atrazine was evaluated. To achieve this goal, axenic cultures of these phycobionts in suspension were exposed to a range of environmental concentrations of the herbicide atrazine, a common water pollutant. Optical density and chlorophyll autofluorescence were used as endpoints of ecotoxicity and ecophysiology on cell suspensions. Results show that lichen microalgae show high sensitivity to very low doses of atrazine, being higher in Asterochloris erici than in Trebouxia sp. TR9. We conclude that environmental concentrations of atrazine could modify population dynamics probably through a shift in reproduction strategies of these organisms. This seminal work is a breakthrough in the use of lichen microalgae in the assessment of micropollution effects on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moreno Traba
- a Biology and Geology Department, ESCET , Rey Juan Carlos University , Móstoles (Madrid) , Spain
| | - Noelia Domínguez-Morueco
- a Biology and Geology Department, ESCET , Rey Juan Carlos University , Móstoles (Madrid) , Spain
| | - Eva Barreno
- b Departamento de Botánica , Universitat de València, ICBIBE, Fac. C. Biológicas , Burjassot (Valencia) , Spain
| | - Myriam Catalá
- a Biology and Geology Department, ESCET , Rey Juan Carlos University , Móstoles (Madrid) , Spain
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17
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Xuan H, Dai X, Li J, Zhang X, Yang C, Luo F. A Bacillus sp. strain with antagonistic activity against Fusarium graminearum kills Microcystis aeruginosa selectively. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 583:214-221. [PMID: 28104332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) cause severe environmental problems, economic losses and threaten human health seriously. In the present study, a Bacillus sp. strain, designated as AF-1, with strong antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum was isolated from purple soil. Bacillus sp. AF-1 selectively killed Microcystis aeruginosa at low cell density (1.6×103cfu/mL), and showed the strongest bactericidal activity against M. aeruginosa NIES-843 (Ae=93%, t=6d). The algicidal substances originated from strain AF-1 were stable in the temperature range of 35-100°C, and pH range of 3-11. Cell-free filtrate of AF-1 culture caused excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell death and the efflux of intracellular components of M. aeruginosa NIES-843 cells. The expression of genes recA, psbA1, psbD1, rbcL and mcyB, involved in DNA repair, photosynthesis and microcystin synthesis of NIES 843, were significantly influenced by the cell-free filtrate of AF-1 culture. Bacillus sp. AF-1 has the potential to be developed as a bifunctional biocontrol agent to control CyanoHABs and F. graminearum caused plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanling Xuan
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianzhu Dai
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Cruz de Carvalho R, Catalá M, Branquinho C, Marques da Silva J, Barreno E. Dehydration rate determines the degree of membrane damage and desiccation tolerance in bryophytes. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:277-289. [PMID: 27613446 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerant (DT) organisms are able to withstand an extended loss of body water and rapidly resume metabolism upon rehydration. This ability, however, is strongly dependent on a slow dehydration rate. Fast dehydration affects membrane integrity leading to intracellular solute leakage upon rehydration and thereby impairs metabolism recovery. We test the hypothesis that the increased cell membrane damage and membrane permeability observed under fast dehydration, compared with slow dehydration, is related to an increase in lipid peroxidation. Our results reject this hypothesis because following rehydration lipid peroxidation remains unaltered, a fact that could be due to the high increase of NO upon rehydration. However, in fast-dried samples we found a strong signal of red autofluorescence upon rehydration, which correlates with an increase in ROS production and with membrane leakage, particularly the case of phenolics. This could be used as a bioindicator of oxidative stress and membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Myriam Catalá
- Biología Celular, Dpto. Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica (ESCET), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (CE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- BioISI, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute and Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Eva Barreno
- Botánica & ICBIBE, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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19
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Hichri I, Boscari A, Meilhoc E, Catalá M, Barreno E, Bruand C, Lanfranco L, Brouquisse R. Nitric Oxide: A Multitask Player in Plant–Microorganism Symbioses. GASOTRANSMITTERS IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40713-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Candotto Carniel F, Zanelli D, Bertuzzi S, Tretiach M. Desiccation tolerance and lichenization: a case study with the aeroterrestrial microalga Trebouxia sp. (Chlorophyta). PLANTA 2015; 242:493-505. [PMID: 25998523 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study of isolated vs. lichenized Trebouxia sp. showed that lichenization does not influence the survival capability of the alga to the photo-oxidative stress derived from prolonged desiccation. Coccoid algae in the Trebouxia genus are the most common photobionts of chlorolichens but are only sporadically found in soil or bark outside of a lichen. They all appear to be desiccation tolerant, i.e. they can survive drying to water contents of below 10%. However, little is known about their longevity in the dry state and to which extent lichenization can influence it. Here, we studied the longevity in the dry state of the lichenized alga (LT) Trebouxia sp. in the lichen Parmotrema perlatum, in comparison with axenically grown cultures (CT) isolated from the same lichen. We report on chlorophyll fluorescence emission and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production before desiccation, after 15-45 days in the dry state under different combinations of light and air humidity and after recovery for 1 or 3 days in fully hydrated conditions. Both the CT and the LT were able to withstand desiccation under high light (120 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1) for 14 h per day), but upon recovery after 45 days in the dry state the performance of the CT was better than that of the LT. By contrast, the quenching of excess light energy was more efficient in the LT, at high relative humidities especially. ROS production in the LT was influenced mostly by light exposure, whereas the CT showed an oxidative burst independent of the light conditions. Although lichenization provides benefits that are essential for the survival of the photobiont in high-light habitats, Trebouxia sp. can withstand protracted periods of photo-oxidative stress even outside of a lichen thallus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri, 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy,
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21
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Hichri I, Boscari A, Castella C, Rovere M, Puppo A, Brouquisse R. Nitric oxide: a multifaceted regulator of the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2877-87. [PMID: 25732535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The specific interaction between legumes and Rhizobium-type bacteria leads to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of new differentiated organs named nodules, which provide a niche for bacterial nitrogen (N2) fixation. In the nodules, bacteria differentiate into bacteroids with the ability to fix atmospheric N2 via nitrogenase activity. As nitrogenase is strongly inhibited by oxygen, N2 fixation is made possible by the microaerophilic conditions prevailing in the nodules. Increasing evidence has shown the presence of NO during symbiosis, from early interaction steps between the plant and the bacterial partners to N2-fixing and senescence steps in mature nodules. Both the plant and the bacterial partners participate in NO synthesis. NO was found to be required for the optimal establishment of the symbiotic interaction. Transcriptomic analysis at an early stage of the symbiosis showed that NO is potentially involved in the repression of plant defence reactions, favouring the establishment of the plant-microbe interaction. In mature nodules, NO was shown to inhibit N2 fixation, but it was also demonstrated to have a regulatory role in nitrogen metabolism, to play a beneficial metabolic function for the maintenance of the energy status under hypoxic conditions, and to trigger nodule senescence. The present review provides an overview of NO sources and multifaceted effects from the early steps of the interaction to the senescence of the nodule, and presents several approaches which appear to be particularly promising in deciphering the roles of NO in N2-fixing symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imène Hichri
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Claude Castella
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Martina Rovere
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Alain Puppo
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- INRA, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 1355, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), UMR 7254, BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), BP 167, 06903, Sophia Antipolis cedex, France
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22
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Álvarez R, del Hoyo A, Díaz-Rodríguez C, Coello AJ, del Campo EM, Barreno E, Catalá M, Casano LM. Lichen rehydration in heavy metal-polluted environments: Pb modulates the oxidative response of both Ramalina farinacea thalli and its isolated microalgae. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:698-709. [PMID: 25367428 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are adapted to desiccation/rehydration and accumulate heavy metals, which induce ROS especially from the photobiont photosynthetic pigments. Although their mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance are still to be unravelled, they seem related to symbionts' reciprocal upregulation of antioxidant systems. With the aim to study the effect of Pb on oxidative status during rehydration, the kinetics of intracellular ROS, lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll autofluorescence of whole Ramalina farinacea thalli and its isolated microalgae (Trebouxia TR1 and T. TR9) was recorded. A genetic characterization of the microalgae present in the thalli used was also carried out in order to assess possible correlations among the relative abundance of each phycobiont, their individual physiological responses and that of the entire thallus. Unexpectedly, Pb decreased ROS and lipid peroxidation in thalli and its phycobionts, associated with a lower chlorophyll autofluorescence. Each phycobiont showed a particular pattern, but the oxidative response of the thallus paralleled the TR1's, agreeing with the genetic identification of this strain as the predominant phycobiont. We conclude that: (1) the lichen oxidative behaviour seems to be modulated by the predominant phycobiont and (2) Pb evokes in R. farinacea and its phycobionts strong mechanisms to neutralize its own oxidant effects along with those of rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Álvarez
- Deptartamento Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Çolak S, Geyikoğlu F, Bakır TÖ, Türkez H, Aslan A. Evaluating the toxic and beneficial effects of lichen extracts in normal and diabetic rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1495-1504. [PMID: 25647809 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714566873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lichens can be used as a novel bioresource for natural antioxidants. However, there is need for further investigations to validate the lichens used in medicinal remedies. In this study, the effects of Cetraria islandica and Pseudevernia furfuracae lichen species in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes were evaluated. Diabetic rats were treated with aqueous lichen extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks starting at 72 h after STZ injection. On the 14th day, animals were anesthetized, and then metabolic and biochemical parameters were evaluated between control and treatment groups. Pancreatic histology and β-cell mass were examined by hematoxylin and eosin and insulin immunohistochemistry stainings. Our findings revealed that these lichen species could be used safely in this dose range. In addition, C. islandica extracts showed prominent results compared to the doses of P. furfuracae extract for antioxidant capacity. However, the protectivity of C. islandica extract was inadequate against diabetes-induced pancreatic damages via forming oxidative stress. In conclusion, the usage of C. islandica might serve for early intervening in the risk reduction of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Çolak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tülay Özhan Bakır
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Aslan
- Department of Biology, Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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24
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Berenyiova A, Grman M, Mijuskovic A, Stasko A, Misak A, Nagy P, Ondriasova E, Cacanyiova S, Brezova V, Feelisch M, Ondrias K. The reaction products of sulfide and S-nitrosoglutathione are potent vasorelaxants. Nitric Oxide 2014; 46:123-30. [PMID: 25529482 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical interaction of sodium sulfide (Na2S) with the NO-donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) has been described to generate new reaction products, including polysulfides and nitrosopersulfide (SSNO(-)) via intermediacy of thionitrous acid (HSNO). The aim of the present work was to investigate the vascular effects of the longer-lived products of the Sulfide/GSNO interaction. Here we show that the products of this reaction relax precontracted isolated rings of rat thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery (but to a lesser degree rat uterus) with a >2-fold potency compared with the starting material, GSNO (50 nM), whereas Na2S and polysulfides have little effect at 1-5 µM. The onset of vasorelaxation of the reaction products was 7-10 times faster in aorta and mesenteric arteries compared with GSNO. Relaxation to GSNO (100-500 nM) was blocked by an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, ODQ (0.1 and 10 µM), and by the NO scavenger cPTIO (100 µM), but less affected by prior acidification (pH 2-4), and unaffected by N-acetylcysteine (1 mM) or methemoglobin (20 µM heme). By contrast, relaxation to the Sulfide/GSNO reaction products (100-500 nM based on the starting material) was inhibited to a lesser extent by ODQ, only slightly decreased by cPTIO, more markedly inhibited by methemoglobin and N-acetylcysteine, and abolished by acidification before addition to the organ bath. The reaction mixture was found to generate NO as detected by EPR spectroscopy using N-(dithiocarboxy)-N-methyl-D-glucamine (MGD2)-Fe(2+) as spin trap. In conclusion, the Sufide/GSNO reaction products are faster and more pronounced vasorelaxants than GSNO itself. We conclude that in addition to NO formation from SSNO(-), reaction products other than polysulfides may give rise to nitroxyl (HNO) and be involved in the pronounced relaxation induced by the Sulfide/GSNO cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Berenyiova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology SAS, Sienkiewiczova 1, 81371 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Grman
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics SAS, Vlarska 5, 83334 Bratislava, Slovakia; Center for Molecular Medicine SAS, Vlarska 7, 83101 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ana Mijuskovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Blvd Despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrej Stasko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Misak
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics SAS, Vlarska 5, 83334 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György utca 7-9, Budapest, 1122 Hungary
| | - Elena Ondriasova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Cacanyiova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology SAS, Sienkiewiczova 1, 81371 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vlasta Brezova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Karol Ondrias
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics SAS, Vlarska 5, 83334 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Pellegrini E, Bertuzzi S, Candotto Carniel F, Lorenzini G, Nali C, Tretiach M. Ozone tolerance in lichens: a possible explanation from biochemical to physiological level using Flavoparmelia caperata as test organism. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1514-1523. [PMID: 25105236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are among the best biomonitors of airborne pollutants, but surprisingly they reveal high tolerance to ozone (O3). It was recently suggested that this might be due to the high levels of natural defences against oxidative stress, related to their poikilohydric life strategy. The objective of this work is to give a thorough description of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms that are at the basis of the O3-tolerance of lichens. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlaF) emission, histochemical ROS localization in the lichen thallus, and biochemical markers [enzymes and antioxidants involved in the ascorbate/glutathione (AsA/GSH) cycle; hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2(-))] were used to characterize the response of the epiphytic lichen Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale exposed to O3 (250 ppb, 5 hd(-1), 2 weeks) at different watering regimes and air relative humidity (RH) in a fumigation chamber. After two-week exposure ChlaF was affected by the watering regime but not by O3. The watering regime influenced also the superoxide dismutase activity and the production of ROS. By contrast O3 strongly influenced the AsA/GSH biochemical pathway, decreasing the reduced ascorbate (AsA) content and increasing the enzymatic activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) independently from the watering regime and the relative humidity applied. This study highlights that F. caperata can face the O3-induced oxidative stress thanks to high levels of constitutive enzymatic and non-enzymatic defences against ROS formed naturally during the dehydration-rehydration cycles to which lichens are frequently exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Deniz GY, Geyikoğlu F, Türkez H, Bakır TÖ, Çolak S, Aslan A. The biochemical and histological effects of lichens in normal and diabetic rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:601-13. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713506769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in causing diabetes; however, no studies have thoroughly reported on the toxic and beneficial effects of lichen extracts in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study covers a previously unrecognized effect of two well-known lichen species Cetraria islandica and Pseudevernia furfuracae in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In experimental design, control or diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with aqueous lichen extracts (250–500 mg/kg /day) for 2 weeks starting at 72 h after STZ injection. On day 14, animals were anaesthetized, and metabolic and biochemical parameters were appreciated between control and treatment groups. The histopathology of liver was examined using three different staining methods: hematoxylin–eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and reticulin and Sudan Black B. Our experimental data showed that increasing doses of C. islandica and P. furfuracae alone did not have any detrimental effects on studied parameters and the malondialdehyde level of liver. C. islandica extract showed positive results for antioxidant capacity compared to doses of P. furfuracae extract. However, the protective effect of C. islandica extract on diabetes-induced disorders and hepatic damages is still unclear. Moreover, unfortunately, animals subjected to DM therapy did not benefit from the usage of increasing lichen doses due to their unchanged antioxidant activity in tissues. The results obtained in present study suggested that C. islandica and P. furfuracae is safe but the power of these is limited because of intensive oxidative stress in liver of type 1 diabetic rats. It is also implied that C. islandica extract is especially suitable for different administration routes in DM animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Suat Çolak
- Department of Biology, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Ali Aslan
- Department of Biology, Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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27
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Hawkins TD, Bradley BJ, Davy SK. Nitric oxide mediates coral bleaching through an apoptotic‐like cell death pathway: evidence from a model sea anemone‐dinoflagellate symbiosis. FASEB J 2013; 27:4790-8. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-235051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Hawkins
- School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonKelburn ParadeWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Benjamin J. Bradley
- School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonKelburn ParadeWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Simon K. Davy
- School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonKelburn ParadeWellingtonNew Zealand
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Catalá M, Gasulla F, Pradas Del Real AE, García-Breijo F, Reig-Armiñana J, Barreno E. The organic air pollutant cumene hydroperoxide interferes with NO antioxidant role in rehydrating lichen. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 179:277-284. [PMID: 23707950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants effects on lichens have not been addressed. Rehydration is critical for lichens, a burst of free radicals involving NO occurs. Repeated dehydrations with organic pollutants could increase oxidative damage. Our aim is to learn the effects of cumene hydroperoxide (CP) during lichen rehydration using Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach., its photobiont Trebouxia spp. and Asterochloris erici. Confocal imaging shows intracellular ROS and NO production within myco and phycobionts, being the chloroplast the main source of free radicals. CP increases ROS, NO and lipid peroxidation and reduces chlorophyll autofluorescence, although photosynthesis remains unaffected. Concomitant NO inhibition provokes a generalized increase of ROS and a decrease in photosynthesis. Our results suggest that CP induces a compensatory hormetic response in Ramalina farinacea that could reduce the lichen's antioxidant resources after repeated desiccation-rehydration cycles. NO is important in the protection from CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catalá
- Biología Celular, Dept Biología y Geología, ESCET, Dptal 1, 241, ESCET-Campus de Móstoles, c/Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Bakır TÖ, Geyikoglu F, Çolak S, Türkez H, Aslan A, Bakır M. The effects of Cetraria islandica and Pseudevernia furfuracea extracts in normal and diabetic rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:1304-17. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713475521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of a fungus joined to a photosynthesizing partner that can be either an alga or a cyanobacterium. They can be used as a novel bioresource for natural antioxidants. However, there is also a need for further studies to validate the lichens used in medicinal remedies. This study covers a previously unrecognized effects of Cetraria islandica (CIAE) and Pseudevernia furfuracea (PFAE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In experimental design, control or diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with aqueous lichen extracts (250–500 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks starting at 72 h after STZ injection. On day 14, animals were anesthetized, metabolic and biochemical parameters were appreciated between control and treatment groups. The histopathology of kidney was examined using four different staining methods: hematoxylin–eosin (H&E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Masson trichrome and Congo red. Our experimental data showed that increasing doses of CIAE and PFAE did not have any detrimental effects on the studied parameters and the malondialdehyde level of kidney. CIAE extract showed prominent results compared to doses of PFAE extract for antioxidant capacity. However, the protective effect of CIAE extract was inadequate on diabetes-induced disorders and kidney damages. Moreover, animals subjected to diabetes mellitus (DM) therapy did not benefit unfortunately from the usage of increasing lichen doses due to their unchanged antioxidant activity to tissue. The results obtained in present study suggested that CIAE and PFAE are safe but the power of these is limited because of the intensive oxidative stress in kidney of type 1 diabetic rats. It is also implied that CIAE extract is especially suitable for different administration routes in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Özhan Bakır
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Suat Çolak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Aslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Kazim Karabekir Education, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Bakır
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Gasulla F, Jain R, Barreno E, Guéra A, Balbuena TS, Thelen JJ, Oliver MJ. The response of Asterochloris erici (Ahmadjian) Skaloud et Peksa to desiccation: a proteomic approach. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1363-78. [PMID: 23305100 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of desiccation tolerance of lichens, and of their chlorobionts in particular, has frequently focused on the antioxidant system that protects the cell against photo-oxidative stress during dehydration/rehydration cycles. In this study, we used proteomic and transcript analyses to assess the changes associated with desiccation in the isolated phycobiont Asterochloris erici. Algae were dried either slowly (5-6 h) or rapidly (<60 min), and rehydrated after 24 h in the desiccated state. To identify proteins that accumulated during the drying or rehydration processes, we employed two-dimensional (2D) difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) coupled with individual protein identification using trypsin digestion and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Proteomic analyses revealed that desiccation caused an increase in relative abundance of only 11-13 proteins, regardless of drying rate, involved in glycolysis, cellular protection, cytoskeleton, cell cycle, and targeting and degradation. Transcripts of five Hsp90 and two β-tubulin genes accumulated primarily at the end of the dehydration process. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicate that ultrastructural cell injuries, perhaps resulting from physical or mechanical stress rather than metabolic damage, were more intense after rapid dehydration. This occurred with no major change in the proteome. These results suggest that desiccation tolerance of A. erici is achieved by constitutive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franscico Gasulla
- Dpt. Botànica, ICBiBE, Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Renuka Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Eva Barreno
- Dpt. Botànica, ICBiBE, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
| | - Alfredo Guéra
- Dpto. Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Spain
| | - Tiago S Balbuena
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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31
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Puppo A, Pauly N, Boscari A, Mandon K, Brouquisse R. Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide: key regulators of the Legume-Rhizobium and mycorrhizal symbioses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2202-19. [PMID: 23249379 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE During the Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) appear to play an important signaling role in the establishment and the functioning of this interaction. Modifications of the levels of these reactive species in both partners impair either the development of the nodules (new root organs formed on the interaction) or their N(2)-fixing activity. RECENT ADVANCES NADPH oxidases (Noxs) have been recently described as major sources of H(2)O(2) production, via superoxide anion dismutation, during symbiosis. Nitrate reductases (NR) and electron transfer chains from both partners were found to significantly contribute to NO production in N(2)-fixing nodules. Both S-sulfenylated and S-nitrosylated proteins have been detected during early interaction and in functioning nodules, linking reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NO production to redox-based protein regulation. NO was also found to play a metabolic role in nodule energy metabolism. CRITICAL ISSUES H(2)O(2) may control the infection process and the subsequent bacterial differentiation into the symbiotic form. NO is required for an optimal establishment of symbiosis and appears to be a key player in nodule senescence. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A challenging question is to define more precisely when and where reactive species are generated and to develop adapted tools to detect their production in vivo. To investigate the role of Noxs and NRs in the production of H(2)O(2) and NO, respectively, the use of mutants under the control of organ-specific promoters will be of crucial interest. The balance between ROS and NO production appears to be a key point to understand the redox regulation of symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Puppo
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, TGU INRA 1355-CNRS 7254, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
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Çolak S, Geyikoğlu F, Aslan A, Deniz GY. Effects of lichen extracts on haematological parameters of rats with experimental insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:878-87. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712466130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the world is steadily increasing. Oxidative stress contributes to the development of diabetic complications, including diabetic haematological changes. Lichens are used as food supplements and are also used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. We hypothesized that antioxidant activity of lichens may decrease hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and prevent the development of diabetic complications, including abnormality in haematological condition. Therefore, the effects of Cetraria islandica water extract (CIWE) and Pseudevernia furfuracea water extract (PFWE) on the haematological parameters of rats with type 1 DM were investigated for the first time in the present study. Control Sprague-Dawley or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were either untreated or treated with water lichen extracts (5–500 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day) for 2 weeks, starting at 72 h after STZ injection. On day 14, animals were anaesthetized and haematological and metabolic parameters were determined between control and experimental groups. In addition, the total oxidative stress (TOS), a specific indicator of oxidative stress, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured by biochemical studies. In diabetic rats, CIWE of 250–500 mg/kg bw dose showed more prominent results when compared with doses of PFWE for TAC. The results obtained in the present study suggested that the antioxidant activities of lichens might be the possible reason behind the observed antihaematological status. However, the protective effect of lichen extracts were inadequate on diabetes-induced microcytic hypochromic anaemia. In addition, the extracts have no effect on metabolic complications. Our experimental data showed that high doses of CIWE and PFWE alone have no detrimental effect on blood cells and TOS status of plasma. Hence, they are safe and suitable for different administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Çolak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Aslan
- Department of Biology, Kazim Karabekir Education Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Yıldız Deniz
- Department of Nursing, Gumuşhane University, Health Services Vocational School, Gumuşhane, Turkey
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Cruz de Carvalho R, Catalá M, Marques da Silva J, Branquinho C, Barreno E. The impact of dehydration rate on the production and cellular location of reactive oxygen species in an aquatic moss. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:1007-16. [PMID: 22875812 PMCID: PMC3448433 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica requires a slow rate of dehydration to survive a desiccation event. The present work examined whether differences in the dehydration rate resulted in corresponding differences in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and therefore in the amount of cell damage. METHODS Intracellular ROS production by the aquatic moss was assessed with confocal laser microscopy and the ROS-specific chemical probe 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. The production of hydrogen peroxide was also quantified and its cellular location was assessed. KEY RESULTS The rehydration of slowly dried cells was associated with lower ROS production, thereby reducing the amount of cellular damage and increasing cell survival. A high oxygen consumption burst accompanied the initial stages of rehydration, perhaps due to the burst of ROS production. CONCLUSIONS A slow dehydration rate may induce cell protection mechanisms that serve to limit ROS production and reduce the oxidative burst, decreasing the number of damaged and dead cells due upon rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal and Center for Biodiversity, Functional & Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), Campo Grande, Edifício C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Myriam Catalá
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Biología Celular, Dpto Biología y Geología, (ESCET), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal and Center for Biodiversity, Functional & Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), Campo Grande, Edifício C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Biologia Ambiental (CBA), Campo Grande, Edifício C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva Barreno
- Universitat de València, Botánica & ICBIBE, Fac. C. Biológicas, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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del Campo EM, Catalá S, Gimeno J, del Hoyo A, Martínez-Alberola F, Casano LM, Grube M, Barreno E. The genetic structure of the cosmopolitan three-partner lichenRamalina farinaceaevidences the concerted diversification of symbionts. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 83:310-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. del Campo
- Department of Plant Biology; University of Alcalá; Madrid; Spain
| | - Santiago Catalá
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Biology; ICBIBE; University of Valencia; Valencia; Spain
| | - Jacinta Gimeno
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Biology; ICBIBE; University of Valencia; Valencia; Spain
| | - Alicia del Hoyo
- Department of Plant Biology; University of Alcalá; Madrid; Spain
| | | | | | - Martin Grube
- Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; Graz; Austria
| | - Eva Barreno
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Biology; ICBIBE; University of Valencia; Valencia; Spain
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Meilhoc E, Boscari A, Bruand C, Puppo A, Brouquisse R. Nitric oxide in legume-rhizobium symbiosis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:573-81. [PMID: 21893254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule with a broad spectrum of regulatory functions in plant growth and development. NO has been found to be involved in various pathogenic or symbiotic plant-microbe interactions. During the last decade, increasing evidence of the occurrence of NO during legume-rhizobium symbioses has been reported, from early steps of plant-bacteria interaction, to the nitrogen-fixing step in mature nodules. This review focuses on recent advances on NO production and function in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. First, the potential plant and bacterial sources of NO, including NO synthase-like, nitrate reductase or electron transfer chains of both partners, are presented. Then responses of plant and bacterial cells to the presence of NO are presented in the context of the N(2)-fixing symbiosis. Finally, the roles of NO as either a regulatory signal of development, or a toxic compound with inhibitory effects on nitrogen fixation, or an intermediate involved in energy metabolism, during symbiosis establishment and nodule functioning are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Meilhoc
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes, UMR441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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