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Ling J, Hryckowian AJ. Re-framing the importance of Group B Streptococcus as a gut-resident pathobiont. Infect Immun 2024:e0047823. [PMID: 38436256 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00478-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterial species that causes disease in humans across the lifespan. While antibiotics are used to mitigate GBS infections, it is evident that antibiotics disrupt human microbiomes (which can predispose people to other diseases later in life), and antibiotic resistance in GBS is on the rise. Taken together, these unintended negative impacts of antibiotics highlight the need for precision approaches for minimizing GBS disease. One possible approach involves selectively depleting GBS in its commensal niches before it can cause disease at other body sites or be transmitted to at-risk individuals. One understudied commensal niche of GBS is the adult gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which may predispose colonization at other body sites in individuals at risk for GBS disease. However, a better understanding of the host-, microbiome-, and GBS-determined variables that dictate GBS GI carriage is needed before precise GI decolonization approaches can be developed. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of the diverse body sites occupied by GBS as a pathogen and as a commensal. We summarize key molecular factors GBS utilizes to colonize different host-associated niches to inform future efforts to study GBS in the GI tract. We also discuss other GI commensals that are pathogenic in other body sites to emphasize the broader utility of precise de-colonization approaches for mitigating infections by GBS and other bacterial pathogens. Finally, we highlight how GBS treatments could be improved with a more holistic understanding of GBS enabled by continued GI-focused study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joie Ling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Healthon, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew J Hryckowian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Healthon, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Skopkó BE, Homoki JR, Fazekas MÉ, Paholcsek M, Fauszt P, Dávid P, Stündl L, Molnár PB, Forgács IN, Váradi J, Bágyi KÁ, Remenyik J. Changes in the Composition of Unstimulated and Stimulated Saliva Due to Chewing Sour Cherry Gum and a Toothbrush Change. Cells 2024; 13:251. [PMID: 38334643 PMCID: PMC10854574 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies demonstrated that sour cherry anthocyanins (AC) reduce the salivary count of Streptococcus mutans and inhibit salivary amylase activity within 30 minutes after chewing AC gum. AC gum and changing toothbrushes after scaling reduced the Gram-negative species in the unstimulated salivary microbiota. The present study examined the effect of AC gums on salivary factors, including changes in microbiome. METHODS The study was conducted over three weeks with two groups; young adults (18-30) and adults (30-45). Ten participants changed their toothbrushes, while the other 10 participants did not change after the control period. After scaling, all participants received three doses of AC gum daily. The salivary mRNA and protein levels of cytokines, mucins, melatonin, and the microbiota of unstimulated and stimulated saliva were determined by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), mucin5B (MUC5B), mucin7 (MUC7), and melatonin were detected in stimulated saliva. Correlation analysis of these factors with the microbiota showed positive correlations with the genera Lachnospiraceae, Eikenella, Saccharibacteria_(TM7), Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Haemophilus. CONCLUSIONS AC chewing gum has a beneficial effect on the composition of the oral microbiome, and toothbrush replacement leads to changes in the levels of salivary pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Emese Skopkó
- Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Judit Rita Homoki
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.É.F.); (M.P.); (P.D.); (L.S.); (P.B.M.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Mónika Éva Fazekas
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.É.F.); (M.P.); (P.D.); (L.S.); (P.B.M.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Melinda Paholcsek
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.É.F.); (M.P.); (P.D.); (L.S.); (P.B.M.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Péter Fauszt
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.É.F.); (M.P.); (P.D.); (L.S.); (P.B.M.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Péter Dávid
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.É.F.); (M.P.); (P.D.); (L.S.); (P.B.M.); (I.N.F.)
| | - László Stündl
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.É.F.); (M.P.); (P.D.); (L.S.); (P.B.M.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Piroska Bíróné Molnár
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.É.F.); (M.P.); (P.D.); (L.S.); (P.B.M.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Ildikó Noémi Forgács
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.É.F.); (M.P.); (P.D.); (L.S.); (P.B.M.); (I.N.F.)
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Kinga Ágnes Bágyi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.É.F.); (M.P.); (P.D.); (L.S.); (P.B.M.); (I.N.F.)
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Thomas KE, Gagniuc PA, Gagniuc E. Moonlighting genes harbor antisense ORFs that encode potential membrane proteins. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12591. [PMID: 37537268 PMCID: PMC10400600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Moonlighting genes encode for single polypeptide molecules that perform multiple and often unrelated functions. These genes occur across all domains of life. Their ubiquity and functional diversity raise many questions as to their origins, evolution, and role in the cell cycle. In this study, we present a simple bioinformatics probe that allows us to rank genes by antisense translation potential, and we show that this probe enriches, reliably, for moonlighting genes across a variety of organisms. We find that moonlighting genes harbor putative antisense open reading frames (ORFs) rich in codons for non-polar amino acids. We also find that moonlighting genes tend to co-locate with genes involved in cell wall, cell membrane, or cell envelope production. On the basis of this and other findings, we offer a model in which we propose that moonlighting gene products are likely to escape the cell through gaps in the cell wall and membrane, at wall/membrane construction sites; and we propose that antisense ORFs produce "membrane-sticky" protein products, effectively binding moonlighting-gene DNA to the cell membrane in porous areas where intensive cell-wall/cell-membrane construction is underway. This leads to high potential for escape of moonlighting proteins to the cell surface. Evolutionary and other implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Gagniuc
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Elvira Gagniuc
- Synevovet Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Rodovalho VDR, da Luz BSR, Nicolas A, Jardin J, Briard-Bion V, Folador EL, Santos AR, Jan G, Loir YL, Azevedo VADC, Guédon É. Different culture media and purification methods unveil the core proteome of Propionibacterium freudenreichii-derived extracellular vesicles. MICROLIFE 2023; 4:uqad029. [PMID: 37324655 PMCID: PMC10265600 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural lipidic nanoparticles implicated in intercellular communication. Although EV research focused mainly on pathogens, the interest in probiotic-derived EVs is now rising. One example is Propionibacterium freudenreichii, which produces EVs with anti-inflammatory effects on human epithelial cells. Our previous study with P. freudenreichii showed that EVs purified by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) displayed variations in protein content according to bacterial growth conditions. Considering these content variations, we hypothesized that a comparative proteomic analysis of EVs recovered in different conditions would elucidate whether a representative vesicular proteome existed, possibly providing a robust proteome dataset for further analysis. Therefore, P. freudenreichii was grown in two culture media, and EVs were purified by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation (UC). Microscopic and size characterization confirmed EV purification, while shotgun proteomics unveiled that they carried a diverse set of proteins. A comparative analysis of the protein content of UC- and SEC-derived EVs, isolated from cultures either in UF (cow milk ultrafiltrate medium) or YEL (laboratory yeast extract lactate medium), showed that EVs from all these conditions shared 308 proteins. This EV core proteome was notably enriched in proteins related to immunomodulation. Moreover, it showed distinctive features, including highly interacting proteins, compositional biases for some specific amino acids, and other biochemical parameters. Overall, this work broadens the toolset for the purification of P. freudenreichii-derived EVs, identifies a representative vesicular proteome, and enumerates conserved features in vesicular proteins. These results hold the potential for providing candidate biomarkers of purification quality, and insights into the mechanisms of EV biogenesis and cargo sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius de Rezende Rodovalho
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042, Rennes, France
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13000-000, Brazil
| | - Brenda Silva Rosa da Luz
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042, Rennes, France
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edson Luiz Folador
- Center of Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigues Santos
- Faculty of Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400902, Brazil
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Le Loir
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Éric Guédon
- Corresponding author. INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042, Rennes, France. E-mail:
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Yadav P, Singh R, Sur S, Bansal S, Chaudhry U, Tandon V. Moonlighting proteins: beacon of hope in era of drug resistance in bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:57-81. [PMID: 35220864 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2036695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins (MLPs) are ubiquitous and provide a unique advantage to bacteria performing multiple functions using the same genomic content. Targeting MLPs can be considered as a futuristic approach in fighting drug resistance problem. This review follows the MLP trail from its inception to the present-day state, describing a few bacterial MLPs, viz., glyceraldehyde 3'-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucose isomerase glutamate racemase (GR), and DNA gyrase. Here, we carve out that targeting MLPs are the beacon of hope in an era of increasing drug resistance in bacteria. Evolutionary stability, structure-functional relationships, protein diversity, possible drug targets, and identification of new drugs against bacterial MLP are given due consideration. Before the final curtain calls, we provide a comprehensive list of small molecules that inhibit the biochemical activity of MLPs, which can aid the development of novel molecules to target MLPs for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Yadav
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Raja Singh
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Souvik Sur
- Research and Development Center, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandhya Bansal
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Uma Chaudhry
- Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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6
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Alamoudi A, Alamoudi R, Gazzaz Y, Alqahtani AM. Role of Salivary Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Detection of Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123080. [PMID: 36553087 PMCID: PMC9777252 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva plays a significant role in oral health and tooth integrity. Salivary components reduce tooth surface exposure to demineralization, protect against teeth wear and aid in enamel remineralization. There is a growing attempt to use salivary markers in diagnosing or predicting caries. However, despite the current information, there has yet to be an agreement among scholars. This study seeks to contribute more evidence on the suitability of salivary biomarkers in dental caries diagnosis. Eligible studies were electronically searched on online databases PubMed, Elsevier's Scopus, EMBASE and Web of Science, and all the studies that met the inclusion criteria were considered. The PECOS criteria guided the study selection process based on the study question. The risk of bias was assessed using the STROBE checklist. Eighteen articles were included in the analysis. All the studies presented relevant data concerning the study objectives. There was evidence of associations between salivary biomarkers and dental caries, and the correlations were either positive or negative. The studies presented significant heterogeneity; thus, a meta-analysis was not possible. Salivary biomarkers appeared to perform crucial and complementary functions toward tooth integrity and thus may be reliable in predicting or diagnosing dental caries in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alamoudi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Raghad Alamoudi
- General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Gazzaz
- General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel M. Alqahtani
- General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Hussain M, Kohler C, Becker K. Enolase of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Is a Surface-Exposed Moonlighting Protein That Binds to Extracellular Matrix and the Plasminogen/Plasmin System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:837297. [PMID: 35308335 PMCID: PMC8928124 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.837297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CoNS) species Staphylococcus lugdunensis is unique in causing serious infections in humans that resemble those of Staphylococcus aureus rather than those of other CoNS species. The colonization and invasion of host tissue presupposes the presence of adherence factors, but only a few proteins mediating adhesion of S. lugdunensis to biotic surfaces are known yet. Here, we report on the functionality of the S. lugdunensis enolase (SlEno), which performs two distinct roles, first, as the metabolic enzyme of the glycolysis, and second, as an adherence factor to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cells. Phylogenetic analyses of the SlEno confirmed their high conservation to enolases of other species and revealed a closer relationship to Staphylococcus epidermidis than to S. aureus. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and Western blot experiments, we identified SlEno to be located in the cytoplasm as well as on the cell surface of S. lugdunensis. Recombinantly generated and surface-associated SlEno showed the usual enolase activity by catalyzing the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate but, in addition, also displayed strong binding to immobilized laminin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and collagen type IV in a dose-dependent manner. We also showed a strong binding of SlEno to plasminogen (Plg) and observed a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-dependent conversion of Plg to plasmin (Pln) whereby the Plg activation significantly increased in the presence of SlEno. This interaction might be dependent on lysines of the SlEno protein as binding to Plg was inhibited by ε-aminocaproic acid. Furthermore, the enhanced activation of the Plg/Pln system by SlEno enabled S. lugdunensis to migrate through a fibrin matrix. This migration was about 10-fold higher than without exogenously added SlEno. Finally, we observed a significantly higher clearance of S. lugdunensis by freshly prepared granulocytes and in the presence of anti-SlEno antibodies. In conclusion, these data demonstrate for the first time a moonlighting function of the S. lugdunensis enolase, which is an underrated virulence factor for colonization and invasion of tissues. Hence, SlEno might be a potential vaccine candidate to prevent severe infections caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Hussain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karsten Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karsten Becker,
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Marques da Silva W, Seyffert N, Silva A, Azevedo V. A journey through the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis proteome promotes insights into its functional genome. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12456. [PMID: 35036114 PMCID: PMC8710256 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen and the etiologic agent of illnesses like caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants, mastitis in dairy cattle, ulcerative lymphangitis in equines, and oedematous skin disease in buffalos. With the growing advance in high-throughput technologies, genomic studies have been carried out to explore the molecular basis of its virulence and pathogenicity. However, data large-scale functional genomics studies are necessary to complement genomics data and better understating the molecular basis of a given organism. Here we summarize, MS-based proteomics techniques and bioinformatics tools incorporated in genomic functional studies of C. pseudotuberculosis to discover the different patterns of protein modulation under distinct environmental conditions, and antigenic and drugs targets. Methodology In this study we performed an extensive search in Web of Science of original and relevant articles related to methods, strategy, technology, approaches, and bioinformatics tools focused on the functional study of the genome of C. pseudotuberculosis at the protein level. Results Here, we highlight the use of proteomics for understating several aspects of the physiology and pathogenesis of C. pseudotuberculosis at the protein level. The implementation and use of protocols, strategies, and proteomics approach to characterize the different subcellular fractions of the proteome of this pathogen. In addition, we have discussed the immunoproteomics, immunoinformatics and genetic tools employed to identify targets for immunoassays, drugs, and vaccines against C. pseudotuberculosis infection. Conclusion In this review, we showed that the combination of proteomics and bioinformatics studies is a suitable strategy to elucidate the functional aspects of the C. pseudotuberculosis genome. Together, all information generated from these proteomics studies allowed expanding our knowledge about factors related to the pathophysiology of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Marques da Silva
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology-(INTA/CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nubia Seyffert
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Artur Silva
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Chafsey I, Ostrowski R, Guilbaud M, Teixeira P, Herry JM, Caccia N, Chambon C, Hébraud M, Azeredo J, Bellon-Fontaine MN, Popowska M, Desvaux M. Deep impact of the inactivation of the SecA2-only protein export pathway on the proteosurfaceome of Listeria monocytogenes. J Proteomics 2022; 250:104388. [PMID: 34601155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes presents a dimorphism associated to the SecA2 activity with cells having a normal rod shape or a dysmorphic elongated filamentous form. Besides variation of the cell and colony morphotype, this cell differentiation has profound ecophysiological and physiopathological implications with collateral effects on virulence and pathogenicity, biotope colonisation, bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. This suggests the SecA2-only protein export could influence the listerial cell surface, which was investigated first by characterising its properties in L. monocytogenes wt and ΔsecA2. The degree of hydrophilicity and Lewis acid-base properties appeared significantly affected upon SecA2 inactivation. As modification of electrostatic properties would owe to modification in the composition of cell-surface proteins, the proteosurfaceome was further investigated by shotgun label-free proteomic analysis with a comparative relative quantitative approach. Following secretomic analysis, the protein secretion routes of the identified proteins were mapped considering the cognate transport and post-translocational maturation systems, as well as protein categories and subcellular localisation. Differential protein abundance profiles coupled to network analysis revealed the SecA2 dependence of 48 proteins, including some related to cell envelope biogenesis, translation and protein export, which could account for modifications of adhesion and surface properties of L. monocytogenes upon SecA2 inactivation. This investigation unravelled the profound influence of SecA2 activity on the cell surface properties and proteosurfaceome of L. monocytogenes, which provides advanced insights about its ecophysiopathology. SIGNIFICANCE: L. monocytogenes is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen and etiological agent of human listeriosis. This species presents a cellular dimorphism associated to the SecA2 activity that has profound physiopathological and ecophysiological implications with collateral effects on bacterial virulence and colonisation. To explore the influence of the SecA2-only protein export on the listerial cell, the surface properties of L. monocytogenes expressing or depleted of SecA2 was characterised by microelectrophoresis, microbial affinity to solvents and contact angles analyses. As modifications of hydrophilicity and Lewis acid-base electrostatic properties would owe to modification in the composition of cell-surface proteins, the proteinaceous subset of the surfaceome, i.e. the proteosurfaceome, was investigated further by shotgun label-free proteomic analysis. This subproteome appeared quite impacted upon SecA2 inactivation with the identification of proteins accounting for modifications in the cell surface properties. The profound influence of SecA2 activity on the cell surface of L. monocytogenes was unravelled, which provides advanced insights about its ecophysiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Chafsey
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rafal Ostrowski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Department of Bacterial Physiology, Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Morgan Guilbaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91300 Massy, France
| | - Pilar Teixeira
- University of Minho, Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Jean-Marie Herry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91300 Massy, France
| | - Nelly Caccia
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- INRAE, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRAE, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Joana Azeredo
- University of Minho, Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | | | - Magdalena Popowska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Department of Bacterial Physiology, Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Carpenter J, Wang Y, Gupta R, Li Y, Haridass P, Subramani DB, Reidel B, Morton L, Ridley C, O'Neal WK, Buisine MP, Ehre C, Thornton DJ, Kesimer M. Assembly and organization of the N-terminal region of mucin MUC5AC: Indications for structural and functional distinction from MUC5B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104490118. [PMID: 34548396 PMCID: PMC8488587 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104490118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of MUC5AC, one of the major gel-forming mucins in the lungs, are closely associated with chronic obstructive lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthma. It is not known, however, how the structure and/or gel-making properties of MUC5AC contribute to innate lung defense in health and drive the formation of stagnant mucus in disease. To understand this, here we studied the biophysical properties and macromolecular assembly of MUC5AC compared to MUC5B. To study each native mucin, we used Calu3 monomucin cultures that produced MUC5AC or MUC5B. To understand the macromolecular assembly of MUC5AC through N-terminal oligomerization, we expressed a recombinant whole N-terminal domain (5ACNT). Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy imaging indicated that the two mucins formed distinct networks on epithelial and experimental surfaces; MUC5B formed linear, infrequently branched multimers, whereas MUC5AC formed tightly organized networks with a high degree of branching. Quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation monitoring experiments indicated that MUC5AC bound significantly more to hydrophobic surfaces and was stiffer and more viscoelastic as compared to MUC5B. Light scattering analysis determined that 5ACNT primarily forms disulfide-linked covalent dimers and higher-order oligomers (i.e., trimers and tetramers). Selective proteolytic digestion of the central glycosylated region of the full-length molecule confirmed that MUC5AC forms dimers and higher-order oligomers through its N terminus. Collectively, the distinct N-terminal organization of MUC5AC may explain the more adhesive and unique viscoelastic properties of branched, highly networked MUC5AC gels. These properties may generate insight into why/how MUC5AC forms a static, "tethered" mucus layer in chronic muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Carpenter
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
| | - Yang Wang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
| | - Richa Gupta
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
| | - Yuanli Li
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
| | - Prashamsha Haridass
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
| | - Durai B Subramani
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
| | - Boris Reidel
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
| | - Lisa Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
| | - Caroline Ridley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
| | - Marie-Pierre Buisine
- UMR9020-U1277 CANTHER (Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies), Université Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F5900 Lille, France
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
| | - David J Thornton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517-7248
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11
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FBPAII and rpoBC, the Two Novel Secreted Proteins Identified by the Proteomic Approach from a Comparative Study between Antibiotic-Sensitive and Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastritis Strains. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00053-21. [PMID: 33782154 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00053-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the leading cause of chronic gastritis, which can develop into gastric cancer. Eliminating H. pylori infection with antibiotics achieves the prevention of gastric cancer. Currently, the prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole, and the dual resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin (C_R, M_R, and C/M_R, respectively), remains at a high level worldwide. As a means of exploring new candidate proteins for the management of H. pylori infection, secreted proteins from antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant H. pylori-associated gastritis strains were obtained by in-solution tryptic digestion coupled with nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS). A total of 583, 582, 590, and 578 differential expressed proteins were identified from C_R, M_R, C/M_R, and antibiotic-sensitive strain (S_S) samples, respectively. Of these, 23 overlapping proteins were found by Venn diagram analysis. Based on heat map analyses, the most and least differing protein expressions were observed from C/M_R strains and S_S strains, respectively. Of the proteins secreted by the S_S strain, only nine were found. After predicting the protein interaction with metronidazole and clarithromycin via the STITCH database, the two most interesting proteins were found to be rpoBC and FBPAII. After quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, a downregulation of rpoB from M_R strains was observed, suggesting a relationship of rpoB to metronidazole sensitivity. Inversely, an upregulation of fba from C_R, M_R, and C/M_R strains was noticed, suggesting the paradoxical expression of FBPAII and the fba gene. This report is the first to demonstrate the association of these two novel secreted proteins, namely, rpoBC and FBPAII, with antibiotic-sensitive H. pylori -associated gastritis strains.
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Abstract
The single gene, single protein, single function hypothesis is increasingly becoming obsolete. Numerous studies have demonstrated that individual proteins can moonlight, meaning they can have multiple functions based on their cellular or developmental context. In this review, we discuss moonlighting proteins, highlighting the biological pathways where this phenomenon may be particularly relevant. In addition, we combine genetic, cell biological, and evolutionary perspectives so that we can better understand how, when, and why moonlighting proteins may take on multiple roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA;
| | - Needhi Bhalla
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA;
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13
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Deciphering Additional Roles for the EF-Tu, l-Asparaginase II and OmpT Proteins of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081184. [PMID: 32759661 PMCID: PMC7464798 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis. STEC O157:H7 is the most clinically relevant serotype in the world. The major virulence determinants of STEC O157:H7 are the Shiga toxins and the locus of enterocyte effacement. However, several accessory virulence factors, mainly outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that interact with the host cells may contribute to the virulence of this pathogen. Previously, the elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu), l-asparaginase II and OmpT proteins were identified as antigens in OMP extracts of STEC. The known subcellular location of EF-Tu and l-asparaginase II are the cytoplasm and periplasm, respectively. Therefore, we investigate whether these two proteins may localize on the surface of STEC and, if so, what roles they have at this site. On the other hand, the OmpT protein, a well characterized protease, has been described as participating in the adhesion of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains. Thus, we investigate whether OmpT has this role in STEC. Our results show that the EF-Tu and l-asparaginase II are secreted by O157:H7 and may also localize on the surface of this bacterium. EF-Tu was identified in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), suggesting it as a possible export mechanism for this protein. Notably, we found that l-asparaginase II secreted by O157:H7 inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation, but the role of EF-Tu at the surface of this bacterium remains to be elucidated. In the case of OmpT, we show its participation in the adhesion of O157:H7 to human epithelial cells. Thus, this study extends the knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of STEC.
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14
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Dineshkumar K, Aparna V, Wu L, Wan J, Abdelaziz MH, Su Z, Wang S, Xu H. Bacterial bug-out bags: outer membrane vesicles and their proteins and functions. J Microbiol 2020; 58:531-542. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Janicka-Kłos A, Janek T, Burger J, Czapor-Irzabek H. Human salivary MUC7 mucin fragment and its analogues. Coordination and biological studies. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 203:110923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Harvey KL, Jarocki VM, Charles IG, Djordjevic SP. The Diverse Functional Roles of Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) in Microbial Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2351. [PMID: 31708880 PMCID: PMC6822514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor thermal unstable Tu (EF-Tu) is a G protein that catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome inside living cells. Structural and biochemical studies have described the complex interactions needed to effect canonical function. However, EF-Tu has evolved the capacity to execute diverse functions on the extracellular surface of both eukaryote and prokaryote cells. EF-Tu can traffic to, and is retained on, cell surfaces where can interact with membrane receptors and with extracellular matrix on the surface of plant and animal cells. Our structural studies indicate that short linear motifs (SLiMs) in surface exposed, non-conserved regions of the molecule may play a key role in the moonlighting functions ascribed to this ancient, highly abundant protein. Here we explore the diverse moonlighting functions relating to pathogenesis of EF-Tu in bacteria and examine putative SLiMs on surface-exposed regions of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Harvey
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian G Charles
- Quadram Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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17
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Jeffery CJ. An enzyme in the test tube, and a transcription factor in the cell: Moonlighting proteins and cellular factors that affect their behavior. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1233-1238. [PMID: 31087733 PMCID: PMC6566513 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the cell, expression levels, allosteric modulators, post-translational modifications, sequestration, and other factors can affect the level of protein function. For moonlighting proteins, cellular factors like these can also affect the kind of protein function. This minireview discusses examples of moonlighting proteins that illustrate how a single protein can have different functions in different cell types, in different intracellular locations, or under varying cellular conditions. This variability in the kind of protein activity, added to the variability in the amount of protein activity, contributes to the difficulty in predicting the behavior of proteins in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance J. Jeffery
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois60607
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18
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Pagani TD, Guimarães ACR, Waghabi MC, Corrêa PR, Kalume DE, Berrêdo-Pinho M, Degrave WM, Mendonça-Lima L. Exploring the Potential Role of Moonlighting Function of the Surface-Associated Proteins From Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau and Pasteur by Comparative Proteomic. Front Immunol 2019; 10:716. [PMID: 31080447 PMCID: PMC6497762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-associated proteins from Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau RDJ are important components of the live Brazilian vaccine against tuberculosis. They are important targets during initial BCG vaccine stimulation and modulation of the host's immune response, especially in the bacterial-host interaction. These proteins might also be involved in cellular communication, chemical response to the environment, pathogenesis processes through mobility, colonization, and adherence to the host cell, therefore performing multiple functions. In this study, the proteomic profile of the surface-associated proteins from M. bovis BCG Moreau was compared to the BCG Pasteur reference strain. The methodology used was 2DE gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry techniques (MALDI-TOF/TOF), leading to the identification of 115 proteins. Of these, 24 proteins showed differential expression between the two BCG strains. Furthermore, 27 proteins previously described as displaying moonlighting function were identified, 8 of these proteins showed variation in abundance comparing BCG Moreau to Pasteur and 2 of them presented two different domain hits. Moonlighting proteins are multifunctional proteins in which two or more biological functions are fulfilled by a single polypeptide chain. Therefore, the identification of such proteins with moonlighting predicted functions can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms unleashed by live BCG Moreau RDJ vaccine components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Duarte Pagani
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina R Guimarães
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Waghabi
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paloma Rezende Corrêa
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dário Eluan Kalume
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Unidade de Espectrometria de Massas e Proteômica, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Berrêdo-Pinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wim Maurits Degrave
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila Mendonça-Lima
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Jeffery CJ. Protein moonlighting: what is it, and why is it important? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0523. [PMID: 29203708 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the GroEL/HSP60 protein family have been studied for many years because of their critical roles as ATP-dependent molecular chaperones, so it might come as a surprise that some have important functions in ATP-poor conditions, for example, when secreted outside the cell. At least some members of each of the HSP10, HSP70, HSP90, HSP100 and HSP110 heat shock protein families are also 'moonlighting proteins'. Moonlighting proteins exhibit more than one physiologically relevant biochemical or biophysical function within one polypeptide chain. In this class of multifunctional proteins, the multiple functions are not due to gene fusions or multiple proteolytic fragments. Several hundred moonlighting proteins have been identified, and they include a diverse set of proteins with a large variety of functions. Some participate in multiple biochemical processes by using an active site pocket for catalysis and a different part of the protein's surface to interact with other proteins. Moonlighting proteins play a central role in many diseases, and the development of novel treatments would be aided by more information addressing current questions, for example, how some are targeted to multiple cellular locations and how a single function can be targeted by therapeutics without targeting a function not involved in disease.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance J Jeffery
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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20
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Jeffery C. Intracellular proteins moonlighting as bacterial adhesion factors. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:362-376. [PMID: 31294221 PMCID: PMC6604927 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic and commensal, or probiotic, bacteria employ adhesins on the cell surface to attach to and interact with the host. Dozens of the adhesins that play key roles in binding to host cells or extracellular matrix were originally identified as intracellular chaperones or enzymes in glycolysis or other central metabolic pathways. Proteins that have two very different functions, often in two different subcellular locations, are referred to as moonlighting proteins. The intracellular/surface moonlighting proteins do not contain signal sequences for secretion or known sequence motifs for binding to the cell surface, so in most cases is not known how these proteins are secreted or how they become attached to the cell surface. A secretion system in which a large portion of the pool of each protein remains inside the cell while some of the pool of the protein is partitioned to the cell surface has not been identified. This may involve a novel version of a known secretion system or it may involve a novel secretion system. Understanding the processes by which intracellular/cell surface moonlighting proteins are targeted to the cell surface could provide novel protein targets for the development of small molecules that block secretion and/or association with the cell surface and could serve as lead compounds for the development of novel antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Jeffery
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Nam K, Maruyama CL, Wang CS, Trump BG, Lei P, Andreadis ST, Baker OJ. Laminin-111-derived peptide conjugated fibrin hydrogel restores salivary gland function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187069. [PMID: 29095857 PMCID: PMC5667805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyposalivation reduces the patient quality of life, as saliva is important for maintaining oral health. Current treatments for hyposalivation are limited to medications such as the muscarinic receptor agonists, pilocarpine and cevimeline. However, these therapies only provide temporary relief. Therefore, alternative therapies are essential to restore salivary gland function. An option is to use bioengineered scaffolds to promote functional salivary gland regeneration. Previous studies demonstrated that the laminin-111 protein is critical for intact salivary gland cell cluster formation and organization. However, laminin-111 protein as a whole is not suitable for clinical applications as some protein domains may contribute to unwanted side effects such as degradation, tumorigenesis and immune responses. Conversely, the use of synthetic laminin-111 peptides makes it possible to minimize the immune reactivity or pathogen transfer. In addition, it is relatively simple and inexpensive as compared to animal-derived proteins. Therefore, the goal of this study was to demonstrate whether a 20 day treatment with laminin-111-derived peptide conjugated fibrin hydrogel promotes tissue regeneration in submandibular glands of a wound healing mouse model. In this study, laminin-111-derived peptide conjugated fibrin hydrogel significantly accelerated formation of salivary gland tissue. The regenerated gland tissues displayed not only structural but also functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihoon Nam
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Christina L. Maruyama
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ching-Shuen Wang
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bryan G. Trump
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Pedro Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Center of Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mucin- and carbohydrate-stimulated adhesion and subproteome changes of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. J Proteomics 2017; 163:102-110. [PMID: 28533178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion to intestinal mucosa is a crucial property for probiotic bacteria. Adhesion is thought to increase host-bacterial interactions, thus potentially enabling health benefits to the host. Molecular events connected with adhesion and surface proteome changes were investigated for the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM cultured with established or emerging prebiotic carbohydrates as carbon source and in the presence of mucin, the glycoprotein of the epithelial mucus layer. Variation in adhesion to HT29-cells and mucin was associated with carbon source and mucin-induced subproteome abundancy differences. Specifically, while growth on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) only stimulated adhesion to intestinal HT-29 cells, cellobiose and polydextrose in addition increased adhesion to mucin. Adhesion to HT-29 cells increased by about 2-fold for bacteria grown on mucin-supplemented glucose. Comparative 2DE-MS surface proteome analysis showed different proteins in energy metabolism appearing on the surface, suggesting they exert moonlighting functions. Mucin-supplemented bacteria had relative abundance of pyruvate kinase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase increased by about 2-fold while six spots with 3.2-2.1 fold reduced relative abundance comprised elongation factor G, phosphoglycerate kinase, BipAEFTU family GTP-binding protein, ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase, adenylosuccinate synthetase, 30S ribosomal protein S1, and manganese-dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase. Surface proteome of cellobiose- compared to glucose-grown L. acidophilus NCFM had phosphate starvation inducible protein stress-related, thermostable pullulanase, and elongation factor G increasing 4.4-2.4 fold, while GAPDH, elongation factor Ts, and pyruvate kinase were reduced by 2.0-1.5 fold in relative abundance. Addition of recombinant L. acidophilus NCFM elongation factor G and pyruvate kinase to a coated mucin layer significantly suppressed subsequent adhesion of the bacterium. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Human diet is important for intestinal health and food components, especially non-digestible carbohydrates can beneficially modify the microbiota. In the present study, effects of emerging and established prebiotic carbohydrates on the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM were investigated by testing adhesion to a mucin layer and intestinal cells, and comparing this with changes in abundancy of surface proteins thought to be important for host interactions. Increased adhesion was observed following culturing of the bacterium with fructooligosaccharides, cellobiose or polydextrose, as well as mucin-supplemented glucose as carbon source. Enhanced adhesion ability can prolong bacterial residence in GIT yielding positive health effects. Higher relative abundance of certain surface proteins under various conditions (i.e. grown on cellobiose or mucin-supplemented glucose) suggested involvement of these proteins in adhesion, as confirmed by competition in case of two recombinantly produced moonlighting proteins. Combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM with different carbohydrates revealed potential bacterial determinants of synbiotic interactions, including stimulation of adhesion.
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Weng Y, Chen F, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Chen R, Pan X, Liu C, Cheng Z, Jin S, Jin Y, Wu W. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enolase Influences Bacterial Tolerance to Oxidative Stresses and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1999. [PMID: 28018326 PMCID: PMC5156722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, which causes acute and chronic infections. Upon entering the host, bacteria alter global gene expression to adapt to host environment and avoid clearance by the host. Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme involved in carbon metabolism. It is also a component of RNA degradosome, which is involved in RNA processing and gene regulation. Here, we report that enolase is required for the virulence of P. aeruginosa in a murine acute pneumonia model. Mutation of enolase coding gene (eno) increased bacterial susceptibility to neutrophil mediated killing, which is due to reduced tolerance to oxidative stress. Catalases and alkyl hydroperoxide reductases play a major role in protecting the cell from oxidative damages. In the eno mutant, the expression levels of catalases (KatA and KatB) were similar as those in the wild type strain in the presence of H2O2, however, the expression levels of alkyl hydroperoxide reductases (AhpB and AhpC) were significantly reduced. Overexpression of ahpB but not ahpC in the eno mutant fully restored the bacterial resistance to H2O2 as well as neutrophil mediated killing, and partially restored bacterial virulence in the murine acute pneumonia model. Therefore, we have identified a novel role of enolase in the virulence of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuding Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Ronghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Shouguang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, GainesvilleFL, USA
| | - Yongxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin, China
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Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, da Silva JDF, Assato PA, Yamazaki DS, da Silva RAM, Santos CT, Santos-Filho NA, Portuondo DL, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Identification and characterisation of elongation factor Tu, a novel protein involved in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-host interaction. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow079. [PMID: 27634774 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides spp., which are temperature-dependent dimorphic fungi, are responsible for the most prevalent human systemic mycosis in Latin America, the paracoccidioidomycosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the involvement of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-host interaction. Adhesive properties were examined using recombinant PbEF-Tu proteins and the respective polyclonal anti-rPbEF-Tu antibody. Immunogold analysis demonstrated the surface location of EF-Tu in P. brasiliensis. Moreover, PbEF-Tu was found to bind to fibronectin and plasminogen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and it was determined that the binding to plasminogen is at least partly dependent on lysine residues and ionic interactions. To verify the participation of EF-Tu in the interaction of P. brasiliensis with pneumocytes, we blocked the respective protein with an anti-rPbEF-Tu antibody and evaluated the consequences on the interaction index by flow cytometry. During the interaction, we observed a decrease of 2- and 3-fold at 8 and 24 h, respectively, suggesting the contribution of EF-Tu in fungal adhesion/invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daniella Sayuri Yamazaki
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosângela Aparecida Moraes da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Tavares Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Instituto de Química, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Bioquímica e Tecnologia Química, Unidade de Síntese, Estrutura e Caracterização de Peptídeos e Proteínas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Deivys Leandro Portuondo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacéuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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25
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Celebioglu HU, Ejby M, Majumder A, Købler C, Goh YJ, Thorsen K, Schmidt B, O'Flaherty S, Abou Hachem M, Lahtinen SJ, Jacobsen S, Klaenhammer TR, Brix S, Mølhave K, Svensson B. Differential proteome and cellular adhesion analyses of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM grown on raffinose - an emerging prebiotic. Proteomics 2016; 16:1361-75. [PMID: 26959526 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Whole cell and surface proteomes were analyzed together with adhesive properties of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (NCFM) grown on the emerging prebiotic raffinose, exemplifying a synbiotic. Adhesion of NCFM to mucin and intestinal HT-29 cells increased three-fold after culture with raffinose versus glucose, as also visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Comparative proteomics using 2D-DIGE showed 43 unique proteins to change in relative abundance in whole cell lysates from NCFM grown on raffinose compared to glucose. Furthermore, 14 unique proteins in 18 spots of the surface subproteome underwent changes identified by differential 2DE, including elongation factor G, thermostable pullulanase, and phosphate starvation inducible stress-related protein increasing in a range of +2.1 - +4.7 fold. By contrast five known moonlighting proteins decreased in relative abundance by up to -2.4 fold. Enzymes involved in raffinose catabolism were elevated in the whole cell proteome; α-galactosidase (+13.9 fold); sucrose phosphorylase (+5.4 fold) together with metabolic enzymes from the Leloir pathway for galactose utilization and the glycolysis; β-galactosidase (+5.7 fold); galactose (+2.9/+3.1 fold) and fructose (+2.8 fold) kinases. The insights at the molecular and cellular levels contributed to the understanding of the interplay of a synbiotic composed of NCFM and raffinose with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ufuk Celebioglu
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Ejby
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Avishek Majumder
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Købler
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yong Jun Goh
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kristian Thorsen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Schmidt
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah O'Flaherty
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Susanne Jacobsen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Todd R Klaenhammer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Susanne Brix
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian Mølhave
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
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26
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Identification of Surface Proteins from Lactobacillus casei BL23 Able to Bind Fibronectin and Collagen. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 3:15-20. [PMID: 26781495 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-011-9065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Strains of lactobacilli show the capacity to attach to extracellular matrix proteins. Cell-wall fractions of Lactobacillus casei BL23 enriched in fibronectin, and collagen-binding proteins were isolated. Mass spectrometry analysis of their protein content revealed the presence of stress-related proteins (GroEL, ClpL), translational elongation factors (EF-Tu, EF-G), oligopeptide solute-binding proteins, and the glycolytic enzymes enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The latter two enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, and their in vitro binding activity to fibronectin and collagen was confirmed. These results reinforce the idea that lactobacilli display on their surfaces a variety of moonlighting proteins that can be important in their adaptation to survive at intestinal mucosal sites and in the interaction with host cells.
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27
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Frenkel ES, Ribbeck K. Salivary mucins in host defense and disease prevention. J Oral Microbiol 2015; 7:29759. [PMID: 26701274 PMCID: PMC4689954 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v7.29759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus forms a protective coating on wet epithelial surfaces throughout the body that houses the microbiota and plays a key role in host defense. Mucins, the primary structural components of mucus that creates its viscoelastic properties, are critical components of the gel layer that protect against invading pathogens. Altered mucin production has been implicated in diseases such as ulcerative colitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis, which highlights the importance of mucins in maintaining homeostasis. Different types of mucins exist throughout the body in various locations such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and female genital tract, but this review will focus on mucins in the oral cavity. Salivary mucin structure, localization within the oral cavity, and defense mechanisms will be discussed. These concepts will then be applied to present what is known about the protective function of mucins in oral diseases such as HIV/AIDS, oral candidiasis, and dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Shapiro Frenkel
- Biological Sciences in Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;
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28
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Vanhoecke BWA, De Ryck TRG, De boel K, Wiles S, Boterberg T, Van de Wiele T, Swift S. Low-dose irradiation affects the functional behavior of oral microbiota in the context of mucositis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015. [PMID: 26202372 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215595467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of host-microbe interactions in the pathobiology of oral mucositis is still unclear; therefore, this study aimed to unravel the effect of irradiation on behavioral characteristics of oral microbial species in the context of mucositis. Using various experimental in vitro setups, the effects of irradiation on growth and biofilm formation of two Candida spp., Streptococcus salivarius and Klebsiella oxytoca in different culture conditions were evaluated. Irradiation did not affect growth of planktonic cells, but reduced the number of K. oxytoca cells in newly formed biofilms cultured in static conditions. Biofilm formation of K. oxytoca and Candida glabrata was affected by irradiation and depended on the culturing conditions. In the presence of mucins, these effects were lost, indicating the protective nature of mucins. Furthermore, the Galleria melonella model was used to study effects on microbial virulence. Irradiated K. oxytoca microbes were more virulent in G. melonella larvae compared to the nonirradiated ones. Our data indicate that low-dose irradiation can have an impact on functional characteristics of microbial species. Screening for pathogens like K. oxytoca in the context of mucosits could be useful to allow early detection and immediate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara W A Vanhoecke
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine R G De Ryck
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin De boel
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siouxsie Wiles
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tom Boterberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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29
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Abstract
We are rapidly returning to a world in which bacterial infections are a major health issue. Pathogenic bacteria are able to colonize and cause pathology due to the possession of virulence factors such as adhesins, invasins, evasins and toxins. These are generally specifically evolved proteins with selective actions. It is, therefore, surprising that most human bacterial pathogens employ moonlighting proteins as virulence factors. Currently, >90 bacterial species employ one or more moonlighting protein families to aid colonization and induce disease. These organisms employ 90 moonlighting bacterial protein families and these include enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, hexosemonophosphate shunt, glyoxylate cycle and a range of other metabolic enzymes, proteases, transporters and, also, molecular chaperones and protein-folding catalysts. These proteins have homologues in eukaryotes and only a proportion of the moonlighting proteins employed are solely bacterial in origin. Bacterial moonlighting proteins can be divided into those with single moonlighting functions and those with multiple additional biological actions. These proteins contribute significantly to the population of virulence factors employed by bacteria and some are obvious therapeutic targets. Where examined, bacterial moonlighting proteins bind to target ligands with high affinity. A major puzzle is the evolutionary mechanism(s) responsible for bacterial protein moonlighting and a growing number of highly homologous bacterial moonlighting proteins exhibit widely different moonlighting actions, suggesting a lack in our understanding of the mechanism of evolution of protein active sites.
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30
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Exploiting Unique Structural and Functional Properties of Malarial Glycolytic Enzymes for Antimalarial Drug Development. Malar Res Treat 2014; 2014:451065. [PMID: 25580350 PMCID: PMC4280493 DOI: 10.1155/2014/451065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic enzymes have been known to carry out a variety of functions besides their normal housekeeping roles known as “moonlighting functions.” These functionalities arise from structural changes induced by posttranslational modifications and/or binding of interacting proteins. Glycolysis is the sole source of energy generation for malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, hence a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. Crystal structures of several P. falciparum glycolytic enzymes have been solved, revealing that they exhibit unique structural differences from the respective host enzymes, which could be exploited for their selective targeting. In addition, these enzymes carry out many parasite-specific functions, which could be of potential interest to control parasite development and transmission. This review focuses on the moonlighting functions of P. falciparum glycolytic enzymes and unique structural differences and functional features of the parasite enzymes, which could be exploited for therapeutic and transmission blocking interventions against malaria.
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31
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Kainulainen V, Korhonen TK. Dancing to another tune-adhesive moonlighting proteins in bacteria. BIOLOGY 2014; 3:178-204. [PMID: 24833341 PMCID: PMC4009768 DOI: 10.3390/biology3010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological moonlighting refers to proteins which express more than one function. Moonlighting proteins occur in pathogenic and commensal as well as in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The canonical functions of moonlighting proteins are in essential cellular processes, i.e., glycolysis, protein synthesis, chaperone activity, and nucleic acid stability, and their moonlighting functions include binding to host epithelial and phagocytic cells, subepithelia, cytoskeleton as well as to mucins and circulating proteins of the immune and hemostatic systems. Sequences of the moonlighting proteins do not contain known motifs for surface export or anchoring, and it has remained open whether bacterial moonlighting proteins are actively secreted to the cell wall or whether they are released from traumatized cells and then rebind onto the bacteria. In lactobacilli, ionic interactions with lipoteichoic acids and with cell division sites are important for surface localization of the proteins. Moonlighting proteins represent an abundant class of bacterial adhesins that are part of bacterial interactions with the environment and in responses to environmental changes. Multifunctionality in bacterial surface proteins appears common: the canonical adhesion proteins fimbriae express also nonadhesive functions, whereas the mobility organelles flagella as well as surface proteases express adhesive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Kainulainen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Timo K Korhonen
- General Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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32
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Vanhoecke B, De Ryck T, Stringer A, Van de Wiele T, Keefe D. Microbiota and their role in the pathogenesis of oral mucositis. Oral Dis 2014; 21:17-30. [PMID: 24456144 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucositis in patients undergoing cancer therapy is a significant problem. Its prevalence ranges between 20 and 100%, depending on treatment type and protocols and patient-based variables. Mucositis is self-limiting when uncomplicated by infection. Unfortunately, the incidence of developing a local or systemic infection during the course of the treatment is very high. At this stage, it is unclear which role oral microbiota play in the onset, duration, and severity of oral mucositis. Nevertheless, there is growing interest in this underexplored topic, and new studies are being undertaken to unravel their impact on the pathogenesis of mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vanhoecke
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medicine, Mucositis Research Group, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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33
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Salzano AM, Novi G, Arioli S, Corona S, Mora D, Scaloni A. Mono-dimensional blue native-PAGE and bi-dimensional blue native/urea-PAGE or/SDS-PAGE combined with nLC–ESI-LIT-MS/MS unveil membrane protein heteromeric and homomeric complexes in Streptococcus thermophilus. J Proteomics 2013; 94:240-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Nylander Å, Svensäter G, Senadheera DB, Cvitkovitch DG, Davies JR, Persson K. Structural and functional analysis of the N-terminal domain of the Streptococcus gordonii adhesin Sgo0707. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63768. [PMID: 23691093 PMCID: PMC3656908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal Streptococcus gordonii expresses numerous surface adhesins with which it interacts with other microorganisms, host cells and salivary proteins to initiate dental plaque formation. However, this Gram-positive bacterium can also spread to non-oral sites such as the heart valves and cause infective endocarditis. One of its surface adhesins, Sgo0707, is a large protein composed of a non-repetitive N-terminal region followed by several C-terminal repeat domains and a cell wall sorting motif. Here we present the crystal structure of the Sgo0707 N-terminal domains, refined to 2.1 Å resolution. The model consists of two domains, N1 and N2. The largest domain, N1, comprises a putative binding cleft with a single cysteine located in its centre and exhibits an unexpected structural similarity to the variable domains of the streptococcal Antigen I/II adhesins. The N2-domain has an IgG-like fold commonly found among Gram-positive surface adhesins. Binding studies performed on S. gordonii wild-type and a Sgo0707 deficient mutant show that the Sgo0707 adhesin is involved in binding to type-1 collagen and to oral keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Nylander
- Department of Odontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Svensäter
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Julia R. Davies
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karina Persson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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35
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Jagtap P, McGowan T, Bandhakavi S, Tu ZJ, Seymour S, Griffin TJ, Rudney JD. Deep metaproteomic analysis of human salivary supernatant. Proteomics 2012; 12:992-1001. [PMID: 22522805 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The human salivary proteome is extremely complex, including proteins from salivary glands, serum, and oral microbes. Much has been learned about the host component, but little is known about the microbial component. Here we report a metaproteomic analysis of salivary supernatant pooled from six healthy subjects. For deep interrogation of the salivary proteome, we combined protein dynamic range compression (DRC), multidimensional peptide fractionation, and high-mass accuracy MS/MS with a novel two-step peptide identification method using a database of human proteins plus those translated from oral microbe genomes. Peptides were identified from 124 microbial species as well as uncultured phylotypes such as TM7. Streptococcus, Rothia, Actinomyces, Prevotella, Neisseria, Veilonella, Lactobacillus, Selenomonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Campylobacter were abundant among the 65 genera from 12 phyla represented. Taxonomic diversity in our study was broadly consistent with metagenomic studies of saliva. Proteins mapped to 20 KEGG pathways, with carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, translation, membrane transport, and signal transduction most represented. The communities sampled appear to be actively engaged in glycolysis and protein synthesis. This first deep metaproteomic catalog from human salivary supernatant provides a baseline for future studies of shifts in microbial diversity and protein activities potentially associated with oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Jagtap
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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36
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Boone TJ, Tyrrell GJ. Identification of the actin and plasminogen binding regions of group B streptococcal phosphoglycerate kinase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29035-44. [PMID: 22761440 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.361261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), present on the surface of group B streptococcus (GBS), has previously been demonstrated to bind the host proteins actin and plasminogen. The actin and plasminogen binding sites of GBS-PGK were identified using truncated GBS-PGK molecules, followed by peptide mapping. These experiments identified two actin and plasminogen binding sites located between amino acids 126-134 and 204-208 of the 398-amino acid-long GBS-PGK molecule. Substitution of the lysine residues within these regions with alanine resulted in significantly reduced binding to both actin and plasminogen. In addition, conversion of the glutamic acid residue at amino acid 133 to proline, the amino acid found at this position for the PGK protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, also resulted in significantly reduced binding to actin and plasminogen. These results demonstrate that the lysine residues at amino acid positions 126, 127, 130, 204, and 208 along with the glutamic acid residue at amino acid position 133 are necessary for actin and plasminogen binding by GBS-PGK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Boone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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37
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Sun X, Yang XY, Yin XF, Yu G, Xiao CL, He X, He QY. Proteomic analysis of membrane proteins from Streptococcus pneumoniae with multiple separation methods plus high accuracy mass spectrometry. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2012; 15:683-94. [PMID: 21978396 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2010.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive human pathogen that causes a variety of serious mucosal and invasive diseases in human. Bacterial membrane proteins play crucial roles in host-pathogen interactions and bacterial pathogenesis, and thus are potential drug targets or vaccine candidates. In this study, membranes from Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 were enriched by mechanical grinding and ultracentrifugation, and then the membrane proteins were extracted with trifluroethanol and chloroform. Around 60% of the extracted proteins were identified to be membrane proteins with 2-DE coupled with MALDI-MS/MS and 2D-LC-ESI-MS/MS. These identified membrane proteins can be functionally categorized into various groups involved in nutriment transport, signal transduction, protein folding or secretion, oxidation, carbohydrate metabolism, and other physiological processes. A protein interaction network was constructed for understanding the regulation relationship of the membrane proteins. This study represents the first global characterization of membrane proteome from Gram-positive streptococcus species of bacteria, providing valuable clues for further investigation aiming at identifying drug/vaccine targets for the bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Sun
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering/National Engineering & Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Bacterial virulence in the moonlight: multitasking bacterial moonlighting proteins are virulence determinants in infectious disease. Infect Immun 2011; 79:3476-91. [PMID: 21646455 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00179-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Men may not be able to multitask, but it is emerging that proteins can. This capacity of proteins to exhibit more than one function is termed protein moonlighting, and, surprisingly, many highly conserved proteins involved in metabolic regulation or the cell stress response have a range of additional biological actions which are involved in bacterial virulence. This review highlights the multiple roles exhibited by a range of bacterial proteins, such as glycolytic and other metabolic enzymes and molecular chaperones, and the role that such moonlighting activity plays in the virulence characteristics of a number of important human pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Henderson B, Martin A. Bacterial Moonlighting Proteins and Bacterial Virulence. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2011; 358:155-213. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2011_188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Nogueira SV, Fonseca FL, Rodrigues ML, Mundodi V, Abi-Chacra EA, Winters MS, Alderete JF, Soares CMDA. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis enolase is a surface protein that binds plasminogen and mediates interaction of yeast forms with host cells. Infect Immun 2010; 78:4040-50. [PMID: 20605975 PMCID: PMC2937444 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00221-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, is a disseminated, systemic disorder that involves the lungs and other organs. The ability of the pathogen to interact with host components, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, is essential to further colonization, invasion, and growth. Previously, enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) was characterized as a fibronectin binding protein in P. brasiliensis. Interaction of surface-bound enolase with plasminogen has been incriminated in tissue invasion for pathogenesis in several pathogens. In this paper, enolase was expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein (recombinant P. brasiliensis enolase [rPbEno]). The P. brasiliensis native enolase (PbEno) was detected at the fungus surface and cytoplasm by immunofluorescence with an anti-rPbEno antibody. Immobilized purified rPbEno bound plasminogen in a specific, concentration-dependent fashion. Both native enolase and rPbEno activated conversion of plasminogen to plasmin through tissue plasminogen activator. The association between PbEno and plasminogen was lysine dependent. In competition experiments, purified rPbEno, in its soluble form, inhibited plasminogen binding to fixed P. brasiliensis, suggesting that this interaction required surface-localized PbEno. Plasminogen-coated P. brasiliensis yeast cells were capable of degrading purified fibronectin, providing in vitro evidence for the generation of active plasmin on the fungus surface. Exposure of epithelial cells and phagocytes to enolase was associated with an increased expression of surface sites of adhesion. In fact, the association of P. brasiliensis with epithelial cells and phagocytes was increased in the presence of rPbEno. The expression of PbEno was upregulated in yeast cells derived from mouse-infected tissues. These data indicate that surface-associated PbEno may contribute to the pathogenesis of P. brasiliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Veloso Nogueira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, Laboratorio de Estudos Integrados em Bioquimica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Fernanda L. Fonseca
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, Laboratorio de Estudos Integrados em Bioquimica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, Laboratorio de Estudos Integrados em Bioquimica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Vasanth Mundodi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, Laboratorio de Estudos Integrados em Bioquimica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Erika A. Abi-Chacra
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, Laboratorio de Estudos Integrados em Bioquimica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Michael S. Winters
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, Laboratorio de Estudos Integrados em Bioquimica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - John F. Alderete
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, Laboratorio de Estudos Integrados em Bioquimica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, Laboratorio de Estudos Integrados em Bioquimica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
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Villar M, Torina A, Nuñez Y, Zivkovic Z, Marina A, Alongi A, Scimeca S, La Barbera G, Caracappa S, Vázquez J, Fuente JDL. Application of highly sensitive saturation labeling to the analysis of differential protein expression in infected ticks from limited samples. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:43. [PMID: 20704695 PMCID: PMC2929226 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are vectors of pathogens that affect human and animal health worldwide. Proteomics and genomics studies of infected ticks are required to understand tick-pathogen interactions and identify potential vaccine antigens to control pathogen transmission. One of the limitations for proteomics research in ticks is the amount of protein that can be obtained from these organisms. In the work reported here, individual naturally-infected and uninfected Rhipicephalus spp. ticks were processed using a method that permits simultaneous extraction of DNA, RNA and proteins. This approach allowed using DNA to determine pathogen infection, protein for proteomics studies and RNA to characterize mRNA levels for some of the differentially expressed proteins. Differential protein expression in response to natural infection with different pathogens was characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) differential in gel electrophoresis (DIGE) saturation labeling in combination with mass spectrometry analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the application of DIGE saturation labeling to study tick proteins. Results Questing and feeding Rhipicephalus spp. adult ticks were collected in 27 farms located in different Sicilian regions. From 300 collected ticks, only 16 were found to be infected: R. sanguineus with Rickettsia conorii and Ehrlichia canis; R. bursa with Theileria annulata; and R. turanicus with Anaplasma ovis. The proteomic analysis conducted from a limited amount of proteins allowed the identification of host, pathogen and tick proteins differentially expressed as a consequence of infection. Conclusion These results showed that DIGE saturation labeling is a powerful technology for proteomics studies in small number of ticks and provided new information about the effect of pathogen infection in ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Villar
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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