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Xu J, Zhou K, Gu H, Zhang Y, Wu L, Bian C, Huang Z, Chen G, Cheng X, Yin X. Exosome miR-4738-3p-mediated regulation of COL1A2 through the NF-κB and inflammation signaling pathway alleviates osteoarthritis low-grade inflammation symptoms. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:520-536. [PMID: 38059912 PMCID: PMC11088901 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the roles of microRNA (miR)-4738-3p and the collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2) gene in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) through bioinformatics analysis and cellular assays. The GSE55235 dataset was analyzed using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method to identify gene modules associated with OA. Key overlapping genes were identified from these modules and the GSE55235-differential expressed genes (DEGs). The expression levels of selected genes were determined in C28/I2 cells using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The interaction between miR-4738-3p and COL1A2 was examined in the context of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) induction. Exosome characterization was achieved through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting (WB), and other analyses. The study also investigated the functional relevance of miR-4738-3p in OA pathology through various molecular and cellular assays. Our findings revealed that the green module exhibited a strong correlation with the OA phenotype in the GSE55235 dataset, with COL1A2 emerging as a hub gene and miR-4738-3p as its key downstream target. IL-1β induction suggested that COL1A2 is involved in inflammation and apoptosis, while miR-4738-3p appeared to play an antagonistic role. The analysis of exosomes underscored the significance of miR-4738-3p in cellular communication, with an enhanced level of exo-miR-4738-3p antagonizing IL-1β-induced inflammation and promoting cell survival. Conversely, a reduction in exo-miR-4738-3p led to increased cell damage. This study established a clear regulatory relationship between miR-4738-3p and COL1A2, with the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway playing a central role in this regulation. The miR-4738-3p significantly influences the OA-associated inflammation, primarily through modulation of COL1A2 and the NF-κB pathway. Therefore, targeting miR-4738-3p offers a potential therapeutic approach for OA, with exosome miR-4738-3p presenting a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Bian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangnan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mann RS, Allman BL, Schmid S. Developmental changes in electrophysiological properties of auditory cortical neurons in the Cntnap2 knockout rat. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:937-947. [PMID: 36947880 PMCID: PMC10110732 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00029.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in the CNTNAP2 gene are known to cause language impairments and symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Importantly, knocking out this gene in rodents results in ASD-like symptoms that include auditory processing deficits. This study used in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology to examine developmental alterations in auditory cortex pyramidal neurons of Cntnap2-/- rats, hypothesizing that CNTNAP2 is essential for maintaining intrinsic neuronal properties and synaptic wiring in the developing auditory cortex. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were conducted in wildtype and Cntnap2-/- littermates at three postnatal age ranges (P8-12, P18-21, and P70-90). Consistent changes across age were seen in all measures of intrinsic membrane properties and spontaneous synaptic input. Intrinsic cell properties such as action potential half-widths, rheobase, and action-potential firing frequencies were different between wildtype and Cntnap2-/- rats predominantly during the juvenile stage (P18-21), whereas adult Cntnap2-/- rats showed higher frequencies of spontaneous and mini postsynaptic currents (sPSCs; mPSCs), with lower sPSC amplitudes. These results indicate that intrinsic cell properties are altered in Cntnap2-/- rats during the juvenile age, leading to a hyperexcitable phenotype during this stage of synaptic remodeling and refinement. Although intrinsic properties eventually normalize by reaching adulthood, changes in synaptic input, potentially caused by the differences in intrinsic membrane properties, seem to manifest in the adult age and are presumably responsible for the hyperreactive behavioral phenotype. In conjunction with a previous study, the present results also indicate a large influence of breeding scheme, i.e., pre- or postnatal environment, on the impact of Cntnap2 on cellular physiology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that neurons in the auditory cortex of Cntnap2 knockout rats are hyperexcitable only during the juvenile age, whereas resulting changes in synaptic input persist in the adult. In conjunction with a previous study, the present results indicate that it is not the genes alone, but also the influence of pre- and postnatal environment, that shape neuronal function, highlighting the importance of early intervention in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamalpreet S Mann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian L Allman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susanne Schmid
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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mGluR5 is transiently confined in perisynaptic nanodomains to shape synaptic function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:244. [PMID: 36646691 PMCID: PMC9842668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique perisynaptic distribution of postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) at excitatory synapses is predicted to directly shape synaptic function, but mechanistic insight into how this distribution is regulated and impacts synaptic signaling is lacking. We used live-cell and super-resolution imaging approaches, and developed molecular tools to resolve and acutely manipulate the dynamic nanoscale distribution of mGluR5. Here we show that mGluR5 is dynamically organized in perisynaptic nanodomains that localize close to, but not in the synapse. The C-terminal domain of mGluR5 critically controlled perisynaptic confinement and prevented synaptic entry. We developed an inducible interaction system to overcome synaptic exclusion of mGluR5 and investigate the impact on synaptic function. We found that mGluR5 recruitment to the synapse acutely increased synaptic calcium responses. Altogether, we propose that transient confinement of mGluR5 in perisynaptic nanodomains allows flexible modulation of synaptic function.
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Wang Y, Li Y, Wang G, Lu J, Li Z. Overexpression of Homer1b/c induces valproic acid resistance in epilepsy. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:331-343. [PMID: 36353757 PMCID: PMC9804053 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Resistance to valproic acid (VPA) is a major challenge for epilepsy treatment. We aimed to explore the mechanism underlying this resistance. METHODS Pentylenetetrazol-induced chronic epileptic rats were administered VPA (250 mg/Kg) for 14 days; rats with controlled seizure stages (seizure score14th-before ≤0) and latent time (latent time14th-before ≥0) were considered VPA-responsive, while the others were considered nonresponsive. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the VPA-responsive and nonresponsive rat hippocampus transcriptomes were identified, and their functions were evaluated. The roles of postsynaptic density (PSD) and Homer1 were also determined. Furthermore, a subtype of Homer1 (Homer1b/c) was overexpressed or silenced in HT22 cells to determine its effect on VPA efficacy. Moreover, the membrane levels of mGluR1/5 directly bound to Homer1b/c were assessed. RESULTS Overall, 264 DEGs commonly enriched in the PSD between VPA-responsive and nonresponsive rats. Among them, Homer1 was more highly expressed in the hippocampus of nonresponses compared to that of responses. Overexpression of Homer1b/c interrupted VPA efficacy by increasing reactive oxygen species production, lactate dehydrogenase release, and calcium content. Furthermore, it induced the overexpression of mGluR1 and mGluR5. CONCLUSION Overexpression of Homer1b/c influenced VPA efficacy, revealing it could be a target to improve the efficacy of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality MedicineSchool of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Youbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality MedicineSchool of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Guangfei Wang
- Department of PharmacyChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jinmiao Lu
- Department of PharmacyChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of PharmacyChildren's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Fauria K, Minguillon C, Knezevic I, Tort-Colet N, Stankeviciute L, Hernández L, Rădoi A, Deulofeu C, Fuentes-Julián S, Turull I, Fusté D, Sánchez-Benavides G, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Suárez-Calvet M, Holst SC, Garcés P, Mueggler T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Arqueros A, Iranzo Á, Domingo Gispert J, Molinuevo JL, Grau-Rivera O. Exploring cognitive and biological correlates of sleep quality and their potential links with Alzheimer's disease (ALFASleep project): protocol for an observational study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e067159. [PMID: 36585141 PMCID: PMC9809234 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The growing worldwide prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the lack of effective treatments pose a dire medical challenge. Sleep disruption is also prevalent in the ageing population and is increasingly recognised as a risk factor and an early sign of AD. The ALFASleep project aims to characterise sleep with subjective and objective measurements in cognitively unimpaired middle/late middle-aged adults at increased risk of AD who are phenotyped with fluid and neuroimaging AD biomarkers. This will contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking sleep with AD, thereby paving the way for the development of non-invasive biomarkers and preventive strategies targeting sleep. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will invite 200 participants enrolled in the ALFA+ (for ALzheimer and FAmilies) prospective observational study to join the ALFASleep study. ALFA+ participants are cognitively unimpaired middle-aged/late middle-aged adults who are followed up every 3 years with a comprehensive set of evaluations including neuropsychological tests, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling, and MRI and positron emission tomography acquisition. ALFASleep participants will be additionally characterised with actigraphy and CSF-orexin-A measurements, and a subset (n=90) will undergo overnight polysomnography. We will test associations of sleep measurements and CSF-orexin-A with fluid biomarkers of AD and glial activation, neuroimaging outcomes and cognitive performance. In case we found any associations, we will test whether changes in AD and/or glial activation markers mediate the association between sleep and neuroimaging or cognitive outcomes and whether sleep mediates associations between CSF-orexin-A and AD biomarkers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The ALFASleep study protocol has been approved by the independent Ethics Committee Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona (2018/8207/I). All participants have signed a written informed consent before their inclusion (approved by the same ethics committee). Study findings will be presented at national and international conferences and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04932473.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Minguillon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iva Knezevic
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Andreea Rădoi
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Israel Turull
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Fusté
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Aurora Arqueros
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álex Iranzo
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Yousaf H, Fatima A, Ali Z, Baig SM, Toft M, Iqbal Z. A Novel Nonsense Variant in GRM1 Causes Autosomal Recessive Spinocerebellar Ataxia 13 in a Consanguineous Pakistani Family. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1667. [PMID: 36140834 PMCID: PMC9498400 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-13 (SCAR13) is an ultra-rare disorder characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, cognitive deficiencies, and skeletal and oculomotor abnormalities. The objective of this case report is to expand the clinical and molecular spectrum of SCAR13. Methods: We investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family with four patients partially presenting with clinical features of SCAR13 using whole exome sequencing. Segregation analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing in all the available individuals of the family. Results: Patients presented with quadrupedal gait, delayed developmental milestones, non-progressive peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive impairment. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel pathogenic nonsense homozygous variant, Gly240*, in the gene GRM1 as a cause of SCAR13 that segregates with the recessive disease. Discussion: We report a novel homozygous nonsense variant in the GRM1 gene in four Pakistani patients presenting with clinical features that partially overlap with the already reported phenotype of SCAR13. In addition, the family presented quadrupedal gait and non-progressive symptoms, manifestations which have not been recognized previously. So far, only four variants in GRM1 have been reported, in families of Roma, Iranian, and Tunisian origins. The current study adds to the mutation spectrum of GRM1 and provides a rare presentation of SCAR13, the first from the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Yousaf
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ambrin Fatima
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat 01923, Pakistan
| | - Shahid M. Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1171, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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Membrane trafficking and positioning of mGluRs at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites of excitatory synapses. Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108799. [PMID: 34592242 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The plethora of functions of glutamate in the brain are mediated by the complementary actions of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The ionotropic glutamate receptors carry most of the fast excitatory transmission, while mGluRs modulate transmission on longer timescales by triggering multiple intracellular signaling pathways. As such, mGluRs mediate critical aspects of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Interestingly, at synapses, mGluRs operate at both sides of the cleft, and thus bidirectionally exert the effects of glutamate. At postsynaptic sites, group I mGluRs act to modulate excitability and plasticity. At presynaptic sites, group II and III mGluRs act as auto-receptors, modulating release properties in an activity-dependent manner. Thus, synaptic mGluRs are essential signal integrators that functionally couple presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms of transmission and plasticity. Understanding how these receptors reach the membrane and are positioned relative to the presynaptic glutamate release site are therefore important aspects of synapse biology. In this review, we will discuss the currently known mechanisms underlying the trafficking and positioning of mGluRs at and around synapses, and how these mechanisms contribute to synaptic functioning. We will highlight outstanding questions and present an outlook on how recent technological developments will move this exciting research field forward.
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Abstract
To form synaptic connections and store information, neurons continuously remodel their proteomes. The impressive length of dendrites and axons imposes logistical challenges to maintain synaptic proteins at locations remote from the transcription source (the nucleus). The discovery of thousands of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) near synapses suggested that neurons overcome distance and gain autonomy by producing proteins locally. It is not generally known, however, if, how, and when localized mRNAs are translated into protein. To investigate the translational landscape in neuronal subregions, we performed simultaneous RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ribosome sequencing (Ribo-seq) from microdissected rodent brain slices to identify and quantify the transcriptome and translatome in cell bodies (somata) as well as dendrites and axons (neuropil). Thousands of transcripts were differentially translated between somatic and synaptic regions, with many scaffold and signaling molecules displaying increased translation levels in the neuropil. Most translational changes between compartments could be accounted for by differences in RNA abundance. Pervasive translational regulation was observed in both somata and neuropil influenced by specific mRNA features (e.g., untranslated region [UTR] length, RNA-binding protein [RBP] motifs, and upstream open reading frames [uORFs]). For over 800 mRNAs, the dominant source of translation was the neuropil. We constructed a searchable and interactive database for exploring mRNA transcripts and their translation levels in the somata and neuropil [MPI Brain Research, The mRNA translation landscape in the synaptic neuropil. https://public.brain.mpg.de/dashapps/localseq/ Accessed 5 October 2021]. Overall, our findings emphasize the substantial contribution of local translation to maintaining synaptic protein levels and indicate that on-site translational control is an important mechanism to control synaptic strength.
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Hámor PU, Schwendt M. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Trafficking and its Role in Drug-Induced Neurobehavioral Plasticity. Brain Plast 2021; 7:61-76. [PMID: 34868874 PMCID: PMC8609495 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-210120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system that guides developmental and experience-dependent changes in many cellular substrates and brain circuits, through the process collectively referred to as neurobehavioral plasticity. Regulation of cell surface expression and membrane trafficking of glutamate receptors represents an important mechanism that assures optimal excitatory transmission, and at the same time, also allows for fine-tuning neuronal responses to glutamate. On the other hand, there is growing evidence implicating dysregulated glutamate receptor trafficking in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. This review provides up-to-date information on the molecular determinants regulating trafficking and surface expression of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in the rodent and human brain and discusses the role of mGluR trafficking in maladaptive synaptic plasticity produced by addictive drugs. As substantial evidence links glutamatergic dysfunction to the progression and the severity of drug addiction, advances in our understanding of mGluR trafficking may provide opportunities for the development of novel pharmacotherapies of addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter U. Hámor
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marek Schwendt
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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The Effects of Antipsychotics on the Synaptic Plasticity Gene Homer1a Depend on a Combination of Their Receptor Profile, Dose, Duration of Treatment, and Brain Regions Targeted. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155555. [PMID: 32756473 PMCID: PMC7432375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antipsychotic agents modulate key molecules of the postsynaptic density (PSD), including the Homer1a gene, implicated in dendritic spine architecture. How the antipsychotic receptor profile, dose, and duration of administration may influence synaptic plasticity and the Homer1a pattern of expression is yet to be determined. Methods: In situ hybridization for Homer1a was performed on rat tissue sections from cortical and striatal regions of interest (ROI) after acute or chronic administration of three antipsychotics with divergent receptor profile: Haloperidol, asenapine, and olanzapine. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the effects of topography, treatment, dose, and duration of antipsychotic administration were performed. Results: All acute treatment regimens were found to induce a consistently higher expression of Homer1a compared to chronic ones. Haloperidol increased Homer1a expression compared to olanzapine in striatum at the acute time-point. A dose effect was also observed for acute administration of haloperidol. Conclusions: Biological effects of antipsychotics on Homer1a varied strongly depending on the combination of their receptor profile, dose, duration of administration, and throughout the different brain regions. These molecular data may have translational valence and may reflect behavioral sensitization/tolerance phenomena observed with prolonged antipsychotics.
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Yare K, Woodward M. Hormone Therapy and Effects on Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease in Postmenopausal Women: Importance of Nomenclature. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:23-37. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Yare
- Austin Health, Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Woodward
- Austin Health, Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
The current review highlights the evidence supporting the use of ketogenic diet therapies in the management of a growing number of neurological disorders in adults. An overview of the scientific literature supporting posited mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy is presented including effects on neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and neuro-inflammation. The clinical evidence supporting ketogenic diet use in the management of adult epilepsy, malignant glioma, Alzheimer's disease, migraine headache, motor neuron disease, and other neurologic disorders is highlighted and reviewed. Lastly, common adverse effects of ketogenic therapy in adults, including gastrointestinal symptoms, weight loss, and transient dyslipidemia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J W McDonald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 2-147, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA
| | - Mackenzie C Cervenka
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 2-147, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA.
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Ca 2+ signaling and spinocerebellar ataxia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1733-1744. [PMID: 29777722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a neural disorder, which is caused by degenerative changes in the cerebellum. SCA is primarily characterized by gait ataxia, and additional clinical features include nystagmus, dysarthria, tremors and cerebellar atrophy. Forty-four hereditary SCAs have been identified to date, along with >35 SCA-associated genes. Despite the great diversity and distinct functionalities of the SCA-related genes, accumulating evidence supports the occurrence of a common pathophysiological event among several hereditary SCAs. Altered calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in the Purkinje cells (PCs) of the cerebellum has been proposed as a possible pathological SCA trigger. In support of this, signaling events that are initiated from or lead to aberrant Ca2+ release from the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1), which is highly expressed in cerebellar PCs, seem to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of several SCA types. In this review, we summarize the current research on pathological hereditary SCA events, which involve altered Ca2+ homeostasis in PCs, through IP3R1 signaling.
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Suh YH, Chang K, Roche KW. Metabotropic glutamate receptor trafficking. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:10-24. [PMID: 29604330 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors) are G protein-coupled receptors that bind to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are important in the modulation of neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and plasticity in the central nervous system. Trafficking of mGlu receptors in and out of the synaptic plasma membrane is a fundamental mechanism modulating excitatory synaptic function through regulation of receptor abundance, desensitization, and signaling profiles. In this review, we cover the regulatory mechanisms determining surface expression and endocytosis of mGlu receptors, with particular focus on post-translational modifications and receptor-protein interactions. The literature we review broadens our insight into the precise events defining the expression of functional mGlu receptors at synapses, and will likely contribute to the successful development of novel therapeutic targets for a variety of developmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Kai Chang
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine W Roche
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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15
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Fu Y, Wang C, Zhang D, Xin Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Chu X. Increased TRPC6 expression is associated with tubular epithelial cell proliferation and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Immunol 2018; 94:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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16
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Lizen B, Moens C, Mouheiche J, Sacré T, Ahn MT, Jeannotte L, Salti A, Gofflot F. Conditional Loss of Hoxa5 Function Early after Birth Impacts on Expression of Genes with Synaptic Function. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:369. [PMID: 29187810 PMCID: PMC5695161 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoxa5 is a member of the Hox gene family that plays critical roles in successive steps of the central nervous system formation during embryonic and fetal development. In the mouse, Hoxa5 was recently shown to be expressed in the medulla oblongata and the pons from fetal stages to adulthood. In these territories, Hoxa5 transcripts are enriched in many precerebellar neurons and several nuclei involved in autonomic functions, while the HOXA5 protein is detected mainly in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. However, whether HOXA5 is functionally required in these neurons after birth remains unknown. As a first approach to tackle this question, we aimed at determining the molecular programs downstream of the HOXA5 transcription factor in the context of the postnatal brainstem. A comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed in combination with gene expression localization, using a conditional postnatal Hoxa5 loss-of-function mouse model. After inactivation of Hoxa5 at postnatal days (P)1–P4, we established the transcriptome of the brainstem from P21 Hoxa5 conditional mutants using RNA-Seq analysis. One major finding was the downregulation of several genes associated with synaptic function in Hoxa5 mutant specimens including different actors involved in glutamatergic synapse, calcium signaling pathway, and GABAergic synapse. Data were confirmed and extended by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and the expression of several HOXA5 candidate targets was shown to co-localize with Hoxa5 transcripts in precerebellar nuclei. Together, these new results revealed that HOXA5, through the regulation of key actors of the glutamatergic/GABAergic synapses and calcium signaling, might be involved in synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar circuitry in the postnatal brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Lizen
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Moens
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jinane Mouheiche
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thomas Sacré
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Thérèse Ahn
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Lucie Jeannotte
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmad Salti
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Françoise Gofflot
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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17
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Blacker CJ, Lewis CP, Frye MA, Veldic M. Metabotropic glutamate receptors as emerging research targets in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:327-337. [PMID: 28800512 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutamatergic dysregulation is implicated in the neuropathology of bipolar disorder (BD). There is increasing interest in investigating the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in BD and as a target for treatment intervention. Bipolar mGluR studies (published January 1992-April 2016) were identified via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Full-text screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal were conducted in duplicate, with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial literature search for mGluRs in BD, including non-bipolar mood disorders and primary psychotic disorders, identified 1544 articles. 61 abstracts were selected for relevance, 16 articles met full inclusion criteria, and three additional articles were found via citations. Despite limited literature, studies demonstrated: single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BD, including a GRM3 SNP associated with greater likelihood of psychosis (rs6465084), mRNA binding protein Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein associated with altered mGluR1/5 activity in BD populations, and lithium decreasing mGluR5 expression and mGluR-mediated intracellular calcium signaling. Limited research has been performed on the role of mGluRs in BD, but results highlight the importance of ongoing study. Future directions for research of mGluRs in BD include GRM polymorphisms, epigenetic regulation, intracellular proteins, and pharmacologic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren J Blacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Charles P Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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18
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Watson LM, Bamber E, Schnekenberg RP, Williams J, Bettencourt C, Lickiss J, Jayawant S, Fawcett K, Clokie S, Wallis Y, Clouston P, Sims D, Houlden H, Becker EB, Németh AH. Dominant Mutations in GRM1 Cause Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 44. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:451-458. [PMID: 28886343 PMCID: PMC5591020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) is abundantly expressed in the mammalian central nervous system, where it regulates intracellular calcium homeostasis in response to excitatory signaling. Here, we describe heterozygous dominant mutations in GRM1, which encodes mGluR1, that are associated with distinct disease phenotypes: gain-of-function missense mutations, linked in two different families to adult-onset cerebellar ataxia, and a de novo truncation mutation resulting in a dominant-negative effect that is associated with juvenile-onset ataxia and intellectual disability. Crucially, the gain-of-function mutations could be pharmacologically modulated in vitro using an existing FDA-approved drug, Nitazoxanide, suggesting a possible avenue for treatment, which is currently unavailable for ataxias.
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19
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Xie B, Liu F, Dong X, Wang Y, Liu XM, Sun Y. Modulation effect of acidulated human serum albumin on Cu 2+ -mediated amyloid β-protein aggregation and cytotoxicity under a mildly acidic condition. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 171:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Gobshtis N, Tfilin M, Wolfson M, Fraifeld VE, Turgeman G. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells reverses behavioural deficits and impaired neurogenesis caused by prenatal exposure to valproic acid. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17443-17452. [PMID: 28407680 PMCID: PMC5392261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental impairment can affect lifelong brain functions such as cognitive and social behaviour, and may contribute to aging-related changes of these functions. In the present study, we hypothesized that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) administration may repair neurodevelopmental behavioural deficits by modulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Indeed, postnatal intracerebral transplantation of MSC has restored cognitive and social behaviour in mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA). MSC transplantation also restored post-developmental hippocampal neurogenesis, which was impaired in VPA-exposed mice displaying delayed differentiation and maturation of newly formed neurons in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Importantly, a statistically significant correlation was found between neuronal differentiation scores and behavioural scores, suggesting a mechanistic relation between the two. We thus conclude that post-developmental MSC administration can overcome prenatal neurodevelopmental deficits and restore cognitive and social behaviours via modulation of hippocampal adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Gobshtis
- Departments of Pre-Medical Studies & Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israe
| | - Matanel Tfilin
- Departments of Pre-Medical Studies & Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Marina Wolfson
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israe
| | - Vadim E. Fraifeld
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israe
| | - Gadi Turgeman
- Departments of Pre-Medical Studies & Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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21
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Buscemi L, Ginet V, Lopatar J, Montana V, Pucci L, Spagnuolo P, Zehnder T, Grubišić V, Truttman A, Sala C, Hirt L, Parpura V, Puyal J, Bezzi P. Homer1 Scaffold Proteins Govern Ca2+ Dynamics in Normal and Reactive Astrocytes. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2365-2384. [PMID: 27075036 PMCID: PMC5963825 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In astrocytes, the intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signaling mediated by activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) is crucially involved in the modulation of many aspects of brain physiology, including gliotransmission. Here, we find that the mGlu5-mediated Ca2+ signaling leading to release of glutamate is governed by mGlu5 interaction with Homer1 scaffolding proteins. We show that the long splice variants Homer1b/c are expressed in astrocytic processes, where they cluster with mGlu5 at sites displaying intense local Ca2+ activity. We show that the structural and functional significance of the Homer1b/c-mGlu5 interaction is to relocate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the proximity of the plasma membrane and to optimize Ca2+ signaling and glutamate release. We also show that in reactive astrocytes the short dominant-negative splice variant Homer1a is upregulated. Homer1a, by precluding the mGlu5-ER interaction decreases the intensity of Ca2+ signaling thus limiting the intensity and the duration of glutamate release by astrocytes. Hindering upregulation of Homer1a with a local injection of short interfering RNA in vivo restores mGlu5-mediated Ca2+ signaling and glutamate release and sensitizes astrocytes to apoptosis. We propose that Homer1a may represent one of the cellular mechanisms by which inflammatory astrocytic reactions are beneficial for limiting brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Buscemi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH1005Lausanne, Switzerland
- Stroke Laboratory, Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH1005Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan Lopatar
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH1005Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vedrana Montana
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Civitan International Research Center, Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanotechnology Laboratories, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Luca Pucci
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH1005Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Spagnuolo
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH1005Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Tamara Zehnder
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH1005Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Grubišić
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Civitan International Research Center, Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanotechnology Laboratories, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anita Truttman
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Sala
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenz Hirt
- Stroke Laboratory, Neurology Service, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Civitan International Research Center, Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanotechnology Laboratories, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH1005Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bezzi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH1005Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Hu JH, Worley PF, Kammermeier PJ. Dynamic Regulation of Homer Binding to Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors by Preso1 and Converging Kinase Cascades. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:122-129. [PMID: 28179473 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In rat sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) expressing metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR1 or mGluR5, overexpression of scaffolding Homer proteins, which bind to a Homer ligand in their C termini, cause receptor clustering and uncoupling from ion channel modulation. In the absence of recombinant Homer protein overexpression, uncoupling of mGluRs from voltage-dependent channels can be induced by expression of Preso1, an adaptor of proline-directed kinases that phosphorylates the Homer ligand and recruits binding of endogenous Homer proteins. Here we show that in SCG neurons expressing mGluR1 and the tyrosine receptor kinase B, treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produces a similar uncoupling of the receptors from calcium channels. We investigated the pathways that mediate this uncoupling and compared it with uncoupling observed with Preso1 expression. Both BDNF- and Preso1-induced uncoupling require residues T1151 and S1154 in the mGluR1 Homer ligand (TPPSPF). Uncoupling via Preso1 but not BDNF was prevented by expression of a dominant negative Cdk5, suggesting that endogenous Cdk5 mediates Preso1-dependent phosphorylation of mGluR1. Dominant negative Cdk5 did not block the BDNF effect but this was sensitive to inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade. Interestingly, the BDNF pathway appeared to require native Preso1 binding to mGluR, because overexpression of the Preso1 FERM domain, which mediates the Preso1-mGluR interaction, prevented BDNF-induced uncoupling. These data suggest that the BDNF/tyrosine receptor kinase B and Cdk5 pathways converge at the level of mGluR to similarly induce Homer ligand phosphorylation, recruit Homer binding, and uncouple mGluRs from channel regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hua Hu
- Section on Molecular Neurophysiology and Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Maryland (J.-H.H.); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (P.F.W.); and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (P.J.K.)
| | - Paul F Worley
- Section on Molecular Neurophysiology and Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Maryland (J.-H.H.); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (P.F.W.); and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (P.J.K.)
| | - Paul J Kammermeier
- Section on Molecular Neurophysiology and Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Maryland (J.-H.H.); Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (P.F.W.); and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (P.J.K.)
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Nava N, Treccani G, Müller HK, Popoli M, Wegener G, Elfving B. The expression of plasticity-related genes in an acute model of stress is modulated by chronic desipramine in a time-dependent manner within medial prefrontal cortex. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:19-28. [PMID: 27890541 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. Stress-induced alteration of synaptic plasticity has been hypothesized to underlie the morphological changes observed by neuroimaging in psychiatric patients in key regions such as hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We have recently shown that a single acute stress exposure produces significant short-term alterations of structural plasticity within medial PFC. These alterations were partially prevented by previous treatment with chronic desipramine (DMI). In the present study we evaluated the effects of acute Foot-shock (FS)-stress and pre-treatment with the traditional antidepressant DMI on the gene expression of key regulators of synaptic plasticity and structure. Expression of Homer, Shank, Spinophilin, Densin-180, and the small RhoGTPase related gene Rac1 and downstream target genes, Limk1, Cofilin1 and Rock1 were investigated 1 day (1d), 7 d and 14d after FS-stress exposure. We found that DMI specifically increases the short-term expression of Spinophilin, as well as Homer and Shank family genes, and that both acute stress and DMI exert significant long-term effects on mRNA levels of genes involved in spine plasticity. These findings support the knowledge that acute FS stress and antidepressant treatment induce both rapid and sustained time-dependent alterations in structural components of synaptic plasticity in rodent medial PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nava
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark.
| | - Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universita´ di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Universita´ di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark; Pharmaceutical Research Centre of Excellence, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
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24
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β-Hydroxybutyrate in the Brain: One Molecule, Multiple Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:35-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Li W, Zhang Z, Zhao W, Han N. Transglutaminase 3 protein modulates human esophageal cancer cell growth by targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1723-30. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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26
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Graff EC, Fang H, Wanders D, Judd RL. Anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2. Metabolism 2016; 65:102-13. [PMID: 26773933 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors (HCA1-3) are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors that are critical for sensing endogenous intermediates of metabolism. All three receptors are predominantly expressed on adipocytes and mediate anti-lipolytic effects. In addition to adipocytes, HCA2 is highly expressed on immune cells, including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and dermal dendritic cells, among other cell types. The endogenous ligand for HCA2 is beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), a ketone body produced by the liver through β-oxidation when an individual is in a negative energy balance. Recent studies demonstrate that HCA2 mediates profound anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of tissues, indicating that HCA2 may be an important therapeutic target for treating inflammatory disease processes. This review summarizes the roles of HCA2 on inflammation in a number of tissues and clinical states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Graff
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Han Fang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert L Judd
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
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27
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Jarius S, Wildemann B. 'Medusa-head ataxia': the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 1: Anti-mGluR1, anti-Homer-3, anti-Sj/ITPR1 and anti-CARP VIII. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:166. [PMID: 26377085 PMCID: PMC4574226 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological testing for anti-neural autoantibodies is important in patients presenting with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia, since these autoantibodies may indicate cancer, determine treatment and predict prognosis. While some of them target nuclear antigens present in all or most CNS neurons (e.g. anti-Hu, anti-Ri), others more specifically target antigens present in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane of Purkinje cells (PC). In this series of articles, we provide a detailed review of the clinical and paraclinical features, oncological, therapeutic and prognostic implications, pathogenetic relevance, and differential laboratory diagnosis of the 12 most common PC autoantibodies (often referred to as 'Medusa-head antibodies' due to their characteristic somatodendritic binding pattern when tested by immunohistochemistry). To assist immunologists and neurologists in diagnosing these disorders, typical high-resolution immunohistochemical images of all 12 reactivities are presented, diagnostic pitfalls discussed and all currently available assays reviewed. Of note, most of these antibodies target antigens involved in the mGluR1/calcium pathway essential for PC function and survival. Many of the antigens also play a role in spinocerebellar ataxia. Part 1 focuses on anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1-, anti-Homer protein homolog 3-, anti-Sj/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor- and anti-carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA); part 2 covers anti-protein kinase C gamma-, anti-glutamate receptor delta-2-, anti-Ca/RhoGTPase-activating protein 26- and anti-voltage-gated calcium channel-associated ACA; and part 3 reviews the current knowledge on anti-Tr/delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor-, anti-Nb/AP3B2-, anti-Yo/cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2- and Purkinje cell antibody 2-associated ACA, discusses differential diagnostic aspects and provides a summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Otto Meyerhof Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - B Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Otto Meyerhof Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sucharski F, Noga MJ, Suder P, Kotlińska J, Silberring J. Integrated workflow for quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of the selected brain structures in development of morphine dependence. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:1003-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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de Bartolomeis A, Buonaguro EF, Iasevoli F, Tomasetti C. The emerging role of dopamine-glutamate interaction and of the postsynaptic density in bipolar disorder pathophysiology: Implications for treatment. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:505-26. [PMID: 24554693 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114523864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant synaptic plasticity, originating from abnormalities in dopamine and/or glutamate transduction pathways, may contribute to the complex clinical manifestations of bipolar disorder (BD). Dopamine and glutamate systems cross-talk at multiple levels, such as at the postsynaptic density (PSD). The PSD is a structural and functional protein mesh implicated in dopamine and glutamate-mediated synaptic plasticity. Proteins at PSD have been demonstrated to be involved in mood disorders pathophysiology and to be modulated by antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. On the other side, post-receptor effectors such as protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), which are implicated in both molecular abnormalities and treatment of BD, may interact with PSD proteins, and participate in the interplay of the dopamine-glutamate signalling pathway. In this review, we describe emerging evidence on the molecular cross-talk between dopamine and glutamate signalling in BD pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment, mainly focusing on dysfunctions in PSD molecules. We also aim to discuss future therapeutic strategies that could selectively target the PSD-mediated signalling cascade at the crossroads of dopamine-glutamate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta F Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Fei F, Rao W, Zhang L, Chen BG, Li J, Fei Z, Chen Z. Downregulation of Homer1b/c improves neuronal survival after traumatic neuronal injury. Neuroscience 2014; 267:187-94. [PMID: 24607348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Homer protein, a member of the post-synaptic density protein family, plays an important role in the neuronal synaptic activity and is extensively involved in neurological disorders. The present study investigates the role of Homer1b/c in modulating neuronal survival by using an in vitro traumatic neuronal injury model, which was achieved by using a punch device that consisted of 28 stainless steel blades joined together and produced 28 parallel cuts. Downregulation of Homer1b/c by specific siRNA significantly (p<0.05) alleviated the cytoplasmic calcium levels and neuron lactate dehydrogenase release, and ultimately decreased the apoptotic rate after traumatic neuronal injury compared with non-targeting siRNA control treatment in cultured rat cortical neurons. Moreover, the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1a (mGluR1a) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the Homer1b/c siRNA-transfected neurons after injury. Therefore, Homer1b/c not only modulated the mGluR1a-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors-Ca(2+) signal transduction pathway, but also regulated the expression of mGluR1a in mechanical neuronal injury. These findings indicate that the suppression of Homer1b/c expression potentially protects neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity after injury and might be an effective intervention target in traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fei
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - W Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - B-G Chen
- Central Laboratory, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - J Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Z Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Yao YX, Zhang YF, Yang Y, Guo SH, Jiang Z, Zhao ZQ. Spinal synaptic scaffolding protein Homer 1b/c regulates CREB phosphorylation and c-fos activation induced by inflammatory pain in rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 559:88-93. [PMID: 24316406 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that spinal Homer 1b/c plays an important role in the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). This study investigated the possible mechanism underlying Homer 1b/c mediating CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Chronic inflammation was induced by CFA injection into the left hind ankle of the rat. Homer 1b/c antisense or missense oligonucleotides were administered intrathecally (10μg/10μl) from 5 to 8 days following the onset of inflammation. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) and Fos protein in the spinal dorsal horn. Intrathecal administration of Homer 1b/c antisense oligonucleotides not only markedly reduced the expression of Homer 1b/c protein, but also attenuated CFA-induced inflammation, spinal CREB phosphorylation, and Fos expression. These results demonstrate for the first time that Homer 1b/c regulates CREB phosphorylation and c-fos activation in the spinal dorsal horn during the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain, suggesting that Homer 1b/c may be involved in the development of CFA-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xing Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Hui Guo
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhao
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Sahli S, Rebai H, Ghroubi S, Yahia A, Guermazi M, Elleuch MH. The effects of backpack load and carrying method on the balance of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis subjects. Spine J 2013; 13:1835-42. [PMID: 24095102 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Concerns have been raised about the effect of backpack carrying on adolescent balance. For adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) subjects, the effect of backpack carrying method on their balance has not been determined. Our aim is to examine the effects of backpack load and carrying method on AIS subjects' balance. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Paired sample matched for age and sex. PATIENT SAMPLE Twelve healthy adolescents matched for age and sex with 14 adolescents with mild AIS participated in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES A test battery including clinical examination, radiological assessment, and stabilometric measurements of the postural sways in the upright standing posture were conducted. METHODS Center of pressure excursions of our subjects were recorded with a stabilometric platform during the upright standing posture without a backpack and while carrying a backpack symmetrically and asymmetrically on each shoulder. For each carrying method, the backpack is loaded at 10% and 15% of body weight (BW). RESULTS Our results indicated that postural sways increased with increasing backpack load. These postural sways were observed when normal adolescents carried a backpack loaded with 15% BW load, whereas, for age- and sex-matched AIS subjects, these postural responses were observed for the 10% BW load. The symmetrical backpack carrying induced better balance compared with the asymmetrical one. Asymmetrical carrying on the convex side of the scoliotic curve affects AIS subjects' balance more than carrying it on the concave side. CONCLUSIONS Load carriage of 10% BW seems to alter AIS subjects' balance. Asymmetrical carrying should be avoided especially on the convex side of the scoliotic curve because it causes balance impairments that may increase spinal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sahli
- Unité de Recherche sur les Pathologies de l'Appareil Locomoteur 04 UR 07/08, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Université du Sud, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Anderson DMG, Mills D, Spraggins J, Lambert WS, Calkins DJ, Schey KL. High-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-imaging mass spectrometry of lipids in rodent optic nerve tissue. Mol Vis 2013; 19:581-92. [PMID: 23559852 PMCID: PMC3611942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a method for generating high spatial resolution (10 µm) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) images of lipids in rodent optic nerve tissue. METHODS Ice-embedded optic nerve tissue from rats and mice were cryosectioned across the coronal and sagittal axes of the nerve fiber. Sections were thaw mounted on gold-coated MALDI plates and were washed with ammonium acetate to remove biologic salts before being coated in 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid by sublimation. MALDI images were generated in positive and negative ion modes at 10 µm spatial resolution. Lipid identification was performed with a high mass resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. RESULTS Several lipid species were observed with high signal intensity in MALDI images of optic nerve tissue. Several lipids were localized to specific structures including in the meninges surrounding the optic nerve and in the central neuronal tissue. Specifically, phosphatidylcholine species were observed throughout the nerve tissue in positive ion mode while sulfatide species were observed in high abundance in the meninges surrounding the optic nerve in negative ion mode. Accurate mass measurements and fragmentation using sustained off-resonance irradiation with a high mass resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer instrument allowed for identification of lipid species present in the small structure of the optic nerve directly from tissue sections. CONCLUSIONS An optimized sample preparation method provides excellent sensitivity for lipid species present within optic nerve tissue. This allowed the laser spot size and fluence to be reduced to obtain a high spatial resolution of 10 µm. This new imaging modality can now be applied to determine spatial and molecular changes in optic nerve tissue with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. G. Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey Spraggins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wendi S. Lambert
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - David J. Calkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Kevin L. Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Revett TJ, Baker GB, Jhamandas J, Kar S. Glutamate system, amyloid ß peptides and tau protein: functional interrelationships and relevance to Alzheimer disease pathology. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2013; 38:6-23. [PMID: 22894822 PMCID: PMC3529221 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is the most prevalent form of dementia globally and is characterized premortem by a gradual memory loss and deterioration of higher cognitive functions and postmortem by neuritic plaques containing amyloid ß peptide and neurofibrillary tangles containing phospho-tau protein. Glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain and is essential to memory formation through processes such as long-term potentiation and so might be pivotal to Alzheimer disease progression. This review discusses how the glutamatergic system is impaired in Alzheimer disease and how interactions of amyloid ß and glutamate influence synaptic function, tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Interestingly, glutamate not only influences amyloid ß production, but also amyloid ß can alter the levels of glutamate at the synapse, indicating that small changes in the concentrations of both molecules could influence Alzheimer disease progression. Finally, we describe how the glutamate receptor antagonist, memantine, has been used in the treatment of individuals with Alzheimer disease and discuss its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Satyabrata Kar
- Correspondence to: S. Kar, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, Departments of Medicine (Neurology) and Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2M8;
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Abstract
In animal models of addiction, reducing glutamate stimulation of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) inhibits drug-seeking. The present study used the reinstatement model of cocaine-seeking to show that blockade of mGluR5 directly in the core subcompartment of the nucleus accumbens (NAcore) prevented both conditioned cue- and cocaine-reinstated drug-seeking. Consistent with this finding, microinjection of the mGluR5 agonist (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine into the NAcore produced modest reinstatement of lever pressing when given alone and significantly potentiated cue-induced reinstatement. Homer proteins are contained in the post-synaptic density and regulate mGluR5 intracellular signaling and trafficking to the membrane. Microinjecting a membrane permeable peptide antagonist of Homer binding to mGluR5 into the NAcore also inhibited cue- and cocaine-reinstated lever pressing. However, this peptide did not change the surface expression of mGluR5, indicating that the peptide inhibitor did not alter the surface trafficking of mGluR5. Taken together, these data show that mGluR5 inhibition and stimulation in the NAcore can regulate cocaine-seeking, and demonstrate that one mechanism for this effect is via interactions with Homer proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiusong Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kahled Moussawi
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lori Knackstedt
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Haowei Shen
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Peter W. Kalivas
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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The electrophysiological underpinnings of processing gender stereotypes in language. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48712. [PMID: 23226494 PMCID: PMC3513306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widely documented influence of gender stereotypes on social behaviour, little is known about the electrophysiological substrates engaged in the processing of such information when conveyed by language. Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we examined the brain response to third-person pronouns (lei "she" and lui "he") that were implicitly primed by definitional (passeggera(FEM) "passenger", pensionato(MASC) "pensioner"), or stereotypical antecedents (insegnante "teacher", conducente "driver"). An N400-like effect on the pronoun emerged when it was preceded by a definitionally incongruent prime (passeggera(FEM)--lui; pensionato(MASC)--lei), and a stereotypically incongruent prime for masculine pronouns only (insegnante--lui). In addition, a P300-like effect was found when the pronoun was preceded by definitionally incongruent primes. However, this effect was observed for female, but not male participants. Overall, these results provide further evidence for on-line effects of stereotypical gender in language comprehension. Importantly, our results also suggest a gender stereotype asymmetry in that male and female stereotypes affected the processing of pronouns differently.
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Grisham W, Korey CA, Schottler NA, McCauley LB, Beatty J. Teaching neuroinformatics with an emphasis on quantitative locus analysis. JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE EDUCATION : JUNE : A PUBLICATION OF FUN, FACULTY FOR UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE 2012; 11:A119-25. [PMID: 23493834 PMCID: PMC3592744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although powerful bioinformatics tools are available for free on the web and are used by neuroscience professionals on a daily basis, neuroscience students are largely ignorant of them. This Neuroinformatics module weaves together several bioinformatics tools to make a comprehensive unit. This unit encompasses quantifying a phenotype through a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis, which links phenotype to loci on chromosomes that likely had an impact on the phenotype. Students then are able to sift through a list of genes in the region(s) of the chromosome identified by the QTL analysis and find a candidate gene that has relatively high expression in the brain region of interest. Once such a candidate gene is identified, students can find out more information about the gene, including the cells/layers in which it is expressed, the sequence of the gene, and an article about the gene. All of the resources employed are available at no cost via the internet. Didactic elements of this instructional module include genetics, neuroanatomy, Quantitative Trait Locus analysis, molecular techniques in neuroscience, and statistics-including multiple regression, ANOVA, and a bootstrap technique. This module was presented at the Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience (FUN) 2011 Workshop at Pomona College and can be accessed at http://mdcune.psych.ucla.edu/modules/bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Grisham
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563;,Address correspondence to: William Grisham, Ph.D., Psychology Department, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, PO Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563.
| | | | | | - Lisa Beck McCauley
- Office of Institutional Research, Planning and Assessment, Immaculata University, Immaculata, PA 19345
| | - Jackson Beatty
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563
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On-line immobilized acetylcholinesterase microreactor for screening of inhibitors from natural extracts by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2397-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Bartolomeis A, Tomasetti C. Calcium-Dependent Networks in Dopamine–Glutamate Interaction: The Role of Postsynaptic Scaffolding Proteins. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:275-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Chronic treatment with lithium or valproate modulates the expression of Homer1b/c and its related genes Shank and Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 22:527-35. [PMID: 22245542 PMCID: PMC3361644 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Homer proteins are associated with both dopaminergic and glutamatergic function. In addition, these proteins are implicated in many signal transduction pathways that are also putative targets of the mood stabilizers lithium and valproate (VPA). This study investigated the effect of in vivo chronic administration of therapeutically-relevant doses of lithium and VPA on the expression of the inducible (Homer1a and ania-3) and constitutive (Homer1b/c) isoforms of the Homer1 gene in rat brain, and of two other Homer-related genes: Inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and Shank. Homer1b/c was significantly decreased in cortex by VPA, and in striatal and accumbal subregions by both lithium and VPA. Both mood stabilizers reduced Homer1b/c expression in the dorsolateral caudate-putamen, while only VPA decreased gene expression in all other striatal subregions. Shank and IP3R were downregulated by both mood stabilizers in the cortex. Neither chronic lithium nor VPA affected Homer immediate-early genes. These results suggest that lithium and VPA similarly modulate the expression of structural postsynaptic genes with topographic specificity in cortical and subcortical regions. Thus, Homer may represent an additional molecular substrate for mood stabilizers, and a potential link with dopaminergic function.
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Luo P, Li X, Fei Z, Poon W. Scaffold protein Homer 1: implications for neurological diseases. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:731-8. [PMID: 22749857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Homer proteins are commonly known as scaffold proteins at postsynaptic density. Homer 1 is a widely studied member of the Homer protein family, comprising both synaptic structure and mediating postsynaptic signaling transduction. Both an immediate-early gene encoding a Homer 1 variant and a constitutively expressed Homer 1 variant regulate receptor clustering and trafficking, intracellular calcium homeostasis, and intracellular molecule complex formation. Substantial preclinical investigations have implicated that each of these Homer 1 variants are associated with the etiology of many neurological diseases, such as pain, mental retardation syndromes, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, drug-induced addiction, and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
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Beqollari D, Kammermeier PJ. The interaction between mGluR1 and the calcium channel Cav₂.₁ preserves coupling in the presence of long Homer proteins. Neuropharmacology 2012; 66:302-10. [PMID: 22659088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and 5) are G protein coupled receptors that regulate neuronal activity in a number of ways. Some of the most well studied functions of group I mGluRs, such as initiation of multiple forms of mGluR-dependent long-term depression, require receptor localization near the post-synaptic density (PSD). This localization is in turn dependent on the Homer family of scaffolding proteins which bind to a small motif on the distal C-termini of mGluR1 and 5, localize the receptors near the PSD, strengthen coupling to post-synaptic effectors and simultaneously uncouple the mGluRs from extra-synaptic effectors such as voltage dependent ion channels. Here the selectivity of this uncoupling process was examined by testing the ability of Homer-2b to uncouple mGluR1 from multiple voltage dependent calcium channels including Ca(V2.2) (N-type), Ca(V3.2) (T-type), and Ca(V2.1) (P/Q-type) expressed in rat sympathetic neurons from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Of these, only the mGluR1-Ca(V2.1) modulatory pathway was insensitive to Homer-2b expression. Uncoupling from this channel was achieved by co-expression of an mGluR1 C-terminal protein designed to disrupt a previously described direct interaction between these two proteins, suggesting that this interaction allows incorporation of Ca(V2.1) into the mGluR1/Homer signaling complex, thereby preserving modulation in the presence of scaffolding Homer proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Beqollari
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Nogueira L, Ruiz-Ontañon P, Vazquez-Barquero A, Moris F, Fernandez-Luna JL. The NFκB pathway: a therapeutic target in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2012; 2:646-53. [PMID: 21896960 PMCID: PMC3248209 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiating cells have been described to be the only cell population with tumorigenic capacity in glioblastoma multiforme, one of the most aggressive and untreatable cancers. Recent work from our group described that NFκB pathway was activated in glioblastoma initiating cells undergoing differentiation, and that blockade of this activation promoted senescence of differentiating cells. NFκB activation in cancer may be the result of either exposure to proinflammatory stimuli in the tumor microenvironment or upregulation of the signaling pathway by upstream regulators. Appropriate control of NFκB activity, which can be achieved by gene modification or pharmacological strategies, would provide a potential approach for the management of NFκB related tumors, including glioblastoma. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the relevance of NFκB in cancer and its possible role as a target of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Nogueira
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Hospital Valdecilla-IFIMAV, Santander, Spain
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Knockdown of Synaptic Scaffolding Protein Homer 1b/c Attenuates Secondary Hyperalgesia Induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant in Rats. Anesth Analg 2011; 113:1501-8. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31822c0b98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Konieczny V, Keebler MV, Taylor CW. Spatial organization of intracellular Ca2+ signals. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 23:172-80. [PMID: 21925615 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Ca(2+), the simplest of all intracellular messengers, selectively to regulate so many cellular behaviours is due largely to the complex spatiotemporal organization of intracellular Ca(2+) signals. Most signalling pathways, including those that culminate in Ca(2+) signals, comprise sequences of protein-protein interactions linked by diffusible messengers. Using specific examples to illustrate key principles, we consider the roles of both components in defining the spatial organization of Ca(2+) signals. We discuss evidence that regulation of most Ca(2+) channels by Ca(2+) contributes to controlling the duration of Ca(2+) signals, to signal integration and, via Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release, to defining the spatial spread of Ca(2+) signals. We distinguish two types of protein-protein interaction: scaffolds that allow rapid local transfer of diffusible messengers between signalling proteins, and interactions that directly transfer information between signalling proteins. Store-operated Ca(2+) entry provides a ubiquitous example of the latter, and it serves also to illustrate how Ca(2+) signals can be organized at different levels of spatial organization - from interactions between proteins to interactions between organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Konieczny
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
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Duncan JR, Lawrence AJ. The role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in addiction: evidence from preclinical models. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 100:811-24. [PMID: 21443897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic disorder characterised by repeated bouts of drug taking, abstinence and relapse. The addicted state may be in part due to drug-induced neuroadaptations in the mesocorticolimbic and corticostriatal pathways. Recently focus has been on the role of aberrant glutamate transmission and its contribution to the hierarchical control over these systems. This review will expand our current knowledge of the most recent advances that have been made in preclinical animal models that provide evidence that implicate metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in contributing to the neuroadaptations pertinent to addiction, as well as the role of Homer proteins in regulating these responses. The recent discovery of receptor mosaics will be discussed which add an additional dimension to the complexity of understanding the mechanism of glutamate mediated behaviours. Finally this review introduces a new area related to glutamatergic responses, namely microRNAs, that may become pivotal in directing our future understanding of how to best target intervention strategies to prevent addictive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhodie R Duncan
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., 3010, Australia.
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Okvist A, Fagergren P, Whittard J, Garcia-Osta A, Drakenberg K, Horvath MC, Schmidt CJ, Keller E, Bannon MJ, Hurd YL. Dysregulated postsynaptic density and endocytic zone in the amygdala of human heroin and cocaine abusers. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:245-52. [PMID: 21126734 PMCID: PMC3017476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamatergic transmission in the amygdala is hypothesized as an important mediator of stimulus-reward associations contributing to drug-seeking behavior and relapse. Insight is, however, lacking regarding the amygdala glutamatergic system in human drug abusers. METHODS We examined glutamate receptors and scaffolding proteins associated with the postsynaptic density in the human postmortem amygdala. Messenger RNA or protein levels were studied in a population of multidrug (seven heroin, eight cocaine, seven heroin/cocaine, and seven controls) or predominant heroin (29 heroin and 15 controls) subjects. RESULTS The amygdala of drug abusers was characterized by a striking positive correlation (r > .8) between α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid glutamate receptor subunit 1 (GluA1) and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) mRNA levels, which was not evident in control subjects. Structural equation multigroup analysis of protein correlations also identified the relationship between GluA1 and PSD-95 protein levels as the distinguishing feature of abusers. In line with the GluA1-PSD-95 implications of enhanced synaptic plasticity, Homer 1b/c protein expression was increased in both heroin and cocaine users as was its binding partner, dynamin-3. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between Homer 1b/c and dynamin-3 in drug abusers that reflected an increase in the direct physical coupling between the proteins. A noted age-related decline of Homer 1b/c-dynamin-3 interactions, as well as GluA1 levels, was blunted in abusers. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of key components of the amygdala postsynaptic density and coupling to the endocytic zone, critical for the regulation of glutamate receptor cycling, may underlie heightened synaptic plasticity in human drug abusers.
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Knackstedt LA, Moussawi K, Lalumiere R, Schwendt M, Klugmann M, Kalivas PW. Extinction training after cocaine self-administration induces glutamatergic plasticity to inhibit cocaine seeking. J Neurosci 2010; 30:7984-92. [PMID: 20534846 PMCID: PMC2893028 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1244-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning to inhibit drug seeking can be an important strategy for inhibiting relapse, and this can be modeled by extinguishing drug seeking in response to a drug-paired context. Rats were either extinguished or withdrawn without extinction training (abstinence) from cocaine self-administration, and measurements of postsynaptic density proteins in the core and shell subcompartments of the nucleus accumbens were compared with yoked-saline controls. Only extinguished rats had elevations of PSD-95, Homer1b/c, and Narp in the postsynaptic density of the core, whereas no proteins measured were altered in the postsynaptic density of the shell in either extinguished or abstinent rats. Using a biotinylation strategy, it was found that surface expression of mGluR5 was reduced only in the core of extinguished animals. Although both extinguished and abstinent animals showed a reduction in long-term potentiation elicited in the core by stimulating prefrontal cortex, blunted long-term depression was observed only in extinguished rats. These data indicate that the elevation in Homer1b/c in the core may have sequestered mGluR5 away from the membrane surface and that the loss of surface mGluR5 inhibits long-term depression. Accordingly, when Homer1c was overexpressed in the core of cocaine-naive rats with an adenoassociated virus, long-term depression was inhibited. This mechanism may contribute to the inhibition of cocaine seeking by extinction training because overexpression of Homer1c in the core also inhibited cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. These data identify a cellular mechanism that may contribute to extinction-induced inhibition of cocaine seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Knackstedt
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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Shaffer C, Guo ML, Fibuch EE, Mao LM, Wang JQ. Regulation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor expression in the rat striatum and prefrontal cortex in response to amphetamine in vivo. Brain Res 2010; 1326:184-92. [PMID: 20193665 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are expressed in widespread regions of the mammalian brain and are involved in the regulation of a variety of neuronal and synaptic activities. Group I mGluRs (mGluR1 and mGluR5 subtypes) are expressed in striatal medium spiny output neurons and are believed to play an important role in the modulation of cellular responses to dopamine stimulation with psychostimulants. In this study, we investigated the effect of a single dose of the psychostimulant amphetamine on mGluR1/5 protein expression in the rat forebrain in vivo. We found that acute systemic injection of amphetamine at a behaviorally active dose (5 mg/kg) was able to reduce mGluR5 protein levels in a confined biochemical fraction of synaptosomal plasma membranes enriched from the striatum. In contrast to the striatum, amphetamine increased mGluR5 protein levels in the medial prefrontal cortex. These changes in mGluR5 expression in both the striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex were transient and reversible. In addition, protein levels of mGluR1 in the enriched synaptosomal fraction from both the striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex remained stable in response to acute amphetamine. Similarly, Homer1b/c proteins, which are prominent anchoring proteins of mGluR1/5 and are highly expressed in the striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex, showed no change in their protein abundance in striatal and cortical synaptosomes after amphetamine administration. These data demonstrate differential sensitivity of mGluR1 and mGluR5 expression to amphetamine. Acute amphetamine injection is able to alter mGluR5 protein levels at synaptic sites in a subtype- and region-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Shaffer
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Roselli F, Hutzler P, Wegerich Y, Livrea P, Almeida OFX. Disassembly of shank and homer synaptic clusters is driven by soluble beta-amyloid(1-40) through divergent NMDAR-dependent signalling pathways. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6011. [PMID: 19547699 PMCID: PMC2695780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the postsynaptic density (PSD), a network of scaffold proteins located in dendritic spines, is thought to be responsible for synaptic dysfunction and loss in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extending our previous demonstration that derangement of the PSD by soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) involves proteasomal degradation of PSD-95, a protein important for ionotropic glutamate receptor trafficking, we now show that Aβ also disrupts two other scaffold proteins, Homer1b and Shank1, that couple PSD-95 with ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Treatment of fronto-cortical neurons with soluble Aβ results in rapid (within 1 h) and significant thinning of the PSD, decreased synaptic levels of Homer1b and Shank1, and reduced synaptic mGluR1 levels. We show that de novo protein synthesis is required for the declustering effects of Aβ on Homer1b (but not Shank1) and that, in contrast to PSD-95, Aβ-induced Homer1b and Shank1 cluster disassembly does not depend on proteasome activity. The regulation of Homer1b and Shank1 by Aβ diverges in two other respects: i) whereas the activity of both NMDAR and VDCC is required for Aβ-induced declustering of Homer1b, Aβ-induced declustering of Shank1 only requires NMDAR activity; and ii) whereas the effects of Aβ on Homer1b involve engagement of the PI-3K pathway and calcineurin phosphatase (PP2B) activity, those on Shank1 involve activation of the ERK pathway. In summary, soluble Aβ recruits discrete signalling pathways to rapidly reduce the synaptic localization of major components of the PSD and to regulate the availability of mGluR1 in the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Roselli
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail: (FR); (OFXA)
| | - Peter Hutzler
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Paolo Livrea
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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