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Zhou L. Homocysteine and Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14420. [PMID: 37641911 PMCID: PMC10848096 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important metabolite in methionine metabolism. When the metabolic pathway of homocysteine is abnormal, it will accumulate in the body and eventually lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. In recent years, many studies have found that hyperhomocysteinemia is related to the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease. This study reviews the roles of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and illustrates the harmful effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zhou
- Department of NeurologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elewa YHA, Zahran MH, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Batiha GES. Parkinson's Disease Risk and Hyperhomocysteinemia: The Possible Link. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01350-8. [PMID: 37074484 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative brain disorders caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Lewy bodies and -synuclein accumulation in the SN are hallmarks of the neuropathology of PD. Due to lifestyle changes and prolonged L-dopa administration, patients with PD frequently have vitamin deficiencies, especially folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12. These disorders augment circulating levels of Homocysteine with the development of hyperhomocysteinemia, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, this review aimed to ascertain if hyperhomocysteinemia may play a part in oxidative and inflammatory signaling pathways that contribute to PD development. Hyperhomocysteinemia is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Hyperhomocysteinemia triggers the development and progression of PD by different mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Particularly, the progression of PD is linked with high inflammatory changes and systemic inflammatory disorders. Hyperhomocysteinemia induces immune activation and oxidative stress. In turn, activated immune response promotes the development and progression of hyperhomocysteinemia. Therefore, hyperhomocysteinemia-induced immunoinflammatory disorders and abnormal immune response may aggravate abnormal immunoinflammatory in PD, leading to more progression of PD severity. Also, inflammatory signaling pathways like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nod-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and other signaling pathways are intricate in the pathogenesis of PD. In conclusion, hyperhomocysteinemia is involved in the development and progression of PD neuropathology either directly via induction degeneration of dopaminergic neurons or indirectly via activation of inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
- Faculty of Veterinary medicine , Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Mahmoud Hosny Zahran
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt.
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Currò M, Saija C, Trainito A, Trovato-Salinaro A, Bertuccio MP, Visalli G, Caccamo D, Ientile R. Rotenone-induced oxidative stress in THP-1 cells: biphasic effects of baicalin. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1241-1252. [PMID: 36446982 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several results demonstrated that microglia and peripheral monocytes/macrophages infiltrating the central nervous system (CNS) are involved in cell response against toxic compounds. It has been shown that rotenone induces neurodegeneration in various in vitro experimental models. Baicalin, a natural compound, is able to attenuate cell damage through anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory action. Using THP-1 monocytes, we investigated rotenone effects on mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, as well as baicalin ability to counteract rotenone toxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS THP-1 cells were exposed to rotenone (250 nM), in the presence/absence of baicalin (10-500 μM) for 2-24 h. Reactive Oxygen Species production (ROS), mitochondrial activity and transmembrane potential (Δψm), DNA damage, and caspase-3 activity were assessed. Moreover, gene expression of mitochondrial transcription factor a (mtTFA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and BCL2-associated X protein (Bax), together with apoptotic morphological changes, were evaluated. After 2 h of rotenone incubation, increased ROS production and altered Δψm were observed, hours later resulting in DNA oxidative damage and apoptosis. Baicalin treatment at 50 µM counteracted rotenone toxicity by modulating the expression levels of some proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis. Interestingly, at higher baicalin concentrations, rotenone-induced alterations persisted. CONCLUSIONS These results give evidence that exposure to rotenone may promote the activation of THP-1 monocytes contributing to enhanced neurodegeneration. In this context, baicalin at low concentration exerts beneficial effects on mitochondrial function, and thus may prevent the onset of neurotoxic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Saija
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Trainito
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy.
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D’Amico R, Cordaro M, Fusco R, Peritore AF, Genovese T, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Mandalari G, Caccamo D, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D. Consumption of Cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteracts Oxidative Stress and Tissue Inflammation in Mild Hyperhomocysteinemia in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:1474. [PMID: 35406088 PMCID: PMC9002620 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a methionine metabolism problem that causes a variety of inflammatory illnesses. Oxidative stress is among the processes thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of the damage produced by HHcy. HHcy is likely to involve the dysfunction of several organs, such as the kidney, liver, or gut, which are currently poorly understood. Nuts are regarded as an important part of a balanced diet since they include protein, good fatty acids, and critical nutrients. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of cashew nuts in HHcy induced by oral methionine administration for 30 days, and to examine the possible pathways involved. In HHcy rats, cashew nuts (100 mg/kg orally, daily) were able to counteract clinical biochemical changes, oxidative and nitrosative stress, reduced antioxidant enzyme levels, lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokine release, histological tissue injuries, and apoptosis in the kidney, colon, and liver, possibly by the modulation of the antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 NRF-2 and inflammatory nuclear factor NF-kB pathways. Thus, the results suggest that the consumption of cashew nuts may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory conditions associated with HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.I.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.I.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (T.G.); (G.M.); (R.S.); (D.I.)
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CO 2 pneumoperitoneum effects on proliferation and apoptosis in two different neuroblastoma cell lines. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:457-464. [PMID: 35083505 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The proto-oncogene MYCN is considered a transcription factor involved in the regulation of neuroblastoma (NB) cell biology. Since minimally invasive-surgery represents a debated treatment of NB, we investigated CO2 effects on proliferative activity and apoptotic pathway in two NB cell lines, SH-SY5Y (MYCN-non-amplified) and IMR-32 (MYCN-amplified). METHODS SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 were exposed to CO2 (100%) at a pressure of 15 mmHg for 4 h and then moved to normal condition for 24 h. Cell proliferation, caspase 3 activity and transcript levels of BAX, BCL-2, cyclin B, cyclin D and MMP-2 were evaluated. RESULTS CO2 exposure caused a decrease in cell proliferation associated to increases in BAX/BCL-2 ratio and caspase 3 activity in SH-SY5Y, while opposite effects have been found in IMR-32. CO2 exposure induced a decrease of cyclin B1 in SH-SY5Y, while an increase in cyclin B1 and D1 was observed in IMR-32. A slight up-regulation of MMP-2 expression in SH-SY5Y and a significant increase of 2.2 folds in IMR-32 was observed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CO2 exposure may cause different effects on various NB cell lines, likely due to MYCN amplification status. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to highlight the role of laparoscopy on NB behaviour.
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Lauretta MP, Melotti RM, Sangermano C, George AM, Badenes R, Bilotta F. Homocysteine Plasmatic Concentration in Brain-Injured Neurocritical Care Patients: Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020394. [PMID: 35054087 PMCID: PMC8780007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is considered as an independent risk factor for several diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurological and autoimmune conditions. Atherothrombotic events, as a result of endothelial dysfunction and increased inflammation, are the main mechanisms involved in vascular damage. This review article reports clinical evidence on the relationship between the concentration of plasmatic homocysteine (Hcy) and acute brain injury (ABI) in neurocritical care patients. Materials and methods: a systematic search of articles in the PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted, of which only complete studies, published in English in peer-reviewed journals, were included. Results: A total of 33 articles, which can be divided into the following 3 subchapters, are present: homocysteine and acute ischemic stroke (AIS); homocysteine and traumatic brain injury (TBI); homocysteine and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)/subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This confirms that HHcy is an independent risk factor for ABI and a marker of poor prognosis in the case of stroke, ICH, SAH and TBI. Conclusions: Several studies elucidate that Hcy levels influence the patient’s prognosis in ABI and, in some cases, the risk of recurrence. Hcy appears as biochemical marker that can be used by neuro-intensivists as an indicator for risk stratification. Moreover, a nutraceutical approach, including folic acid, the vitamins B6 and B12, reduces the risk of thrombosis, cardiovascular and neurological dysfunction in patients with severe HHcy that were admitted for neurocritical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Lauretta
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Rita Maria Melotti
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Corinne Sangermano
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Anneliya Maria George
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Rafael Badenes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Trauma Intensive Care, Hospital Clínic Universitar de Valencia, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Bilotta
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.)
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Bagherieh M, Kheirollahi A, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Emamgholipour S, Meshkani R. Folic acid ameliorates palmitate-induced inflammation through decreasing homocysteine and inhibiting NF-κB pathway in HepG2 cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-8. [PMID: 33596128 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1878539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prevention of inflammation is one of the possible remedy procedure for steatohepatitis during NAFLD. In this study, we researched the folic acid (FA) potency to attenuate the inflammation of palmitate-treated HepG2 cells and the related signalling pathways. METHODS The molecular mechanisms related to FA anti-inflammatory effect in palmitate and Hcy-treated HepG2 cell line were assessed. RESULTS The results indicated that while palmitate enhances the expression and secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and also intracellular ROS level, FA at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 µg/mL significantly reversed these effects in HepG2 cells. In addition, FA could ameliorate inflammation and decrease ROS production induced by Hcy. Furthermore, FA pre-treatment suppress palmitate -induced (NF-κB) p65 level in palmitate or Hcy stimulated cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that FA reduces inflammation in HepG2 cells through decreasing ROS and Hcy concentration level resulting in inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molood Bagherieh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Kheirollahi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Imanparast F, Mashayekhi FJ, Kamankesh F, Rafiei F, Mohaghegh P, Alimoradian A. Improving the endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes with chromium and vitamin D 3 byreducing homocysteine and oxidative stress: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126639. [PMID: 32971450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromium picolinate (CrPic) and vitamin D3 are known as two antioxidant micronutrients. Through inducing endothelial dysfunction, oxidants such as homocysteine (Hct) and malondialdehyde (MDA) lead to cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). No published data has directly examined the effects of these two antioxidants on improving the endothelial dysfunction in T2DM throughreducing homocysteine and oxidative stress. METHODS Subjects (n = 92) in this randomized, double blind, placebo-control study were randomly assigned to receive oral placebo (group I), D3 (group II: 50,000 IU/ week), chromium picolinate (CrPic) (group III: 500 μg/day), and both vitamin D3 and CrPic (group IV) for four months. Fasting blood samples were drawn at study baseline and following intervention to determine Hct, MDA, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol groups (SHs), vascular cell adhesion molecule- 1 (VCAM-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). RESULTS After intervention, MDA significantly decreased in groups II and IV; TAC significantly increased in group IV, and SHs significantly augmented in group III; Hct was significantly reduced in groups II, III, and IV; and VCAM-1 significantly decreased in groups III and IV and PAI-1 was significantly reduced in groups II, III, and IV. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that through reducing homocysteine and oxidative stress and improving endothelial dysfunction, chromium and vitamin D3 co-supplementation might be predictive and preventive of cardiovascular diseasesassociated with T2DM. IRCT, IRCT20190610043852N1, registered 21 October 2019, https://fa.irct.ir/user/trial/42293/view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Imanparast
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
| | - Farideh Jalali Mashayekhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kamankesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rafiei
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Mohaghegh
- Community and Preventive Medicine Specialist, Department of community medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Abbas Alimoradian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Tao H, Chen X, Zhou H, Fu J, Yu Q, Liu Y. Changes of Serum Melatonin, Interleukin-6, Homocysteine, and Complement C3 and C4 Levels in Patients With Depression. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1271. [PMID: 32655450 PMCID: PMC7324806 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cytokine activation and low complement levels are common in depression patients. This study is aimed at investigating the clinical significance of changes in serum concentrations of melatonin (MT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteine (hcy), and complement C3 and C4 in depression patients and relationships of them with depression activity. Methods A total of 95 depression patients, including first-episode group (n = 43) and recurrent group (n = 52), and 45 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Serum levels of MT, IL-6, hcy, C3, and C4 in all samples were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence method, enzyme circulation method, and immuno-scatter turbidimetric assay, respectively. Results The serum MT, IL-6, and hcy levels in the first-episode group (113.08 ± 5.06 pg/ml, 2.06 ± 0.12 ng/L, and 13.87 ± 0.45 μmol/L), and recurrent group (117.63 ± 4.63 pg/ml, 2.20 ± 0.12 ng/L, and 13.61 ± 0.46 μmol/L) were significantly higher than those in the control group (89.50 ± 5.10 pg/ml, 1.57 ± 0.06 ng/L, and 11.34 ± 0.40 μmol/L). The serum levels of C3 in the first-episode group (0.95 ± 0.02 ng/L) were significantly lower than those in the recurrent group (1.05 ± 0.03 ng/L) and control group (1.12 ± 0.03 ng/L). There was no significant difference in serum C4 level between each group. Conclusion These results suggest that higher serum MT, IL-6, and hcy levels were correlated with pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Tao
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jinhua Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Yu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychaitry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
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Up-regulation of HIF-1α is associated with neuroprotective effects of agmatine against rotenone-induced toxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Amino Acids 2019; 52:171-179. [PMID: 31292720 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Agmatine, a metabolite generated by arginine decarboxylation, has been reported as neuromodulator and neuroactive substance. Several findings suggest that agmatine displays neuroprotective effects in several models of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been hypothesized that biogenic amines may be involved in neuroprotection by scavenging oxygen radicals, thus preventing the generation of oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction, that leads to a reduction of oxygen consumption, followed by activation of prolyl hydroxylase and decrease of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) levels, has been demonstrated to play a role in PD pathogenesis. Using rotenone-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y cells as the in vitro PD model, we here investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying agmatine neuroprotective effects. Our results showed that the preliminary addition of agmatine induces HIF-1α activation, and prevents the rotenone-induced production of free radical species, and the activation of apoptotic pathways by inhibiting mitochondrial membrane potential decrease and caspase 3 as well as cytochrome c increase. Notably, these effects are mediated by HIF-1α, as indicated by experiments using a HIF-1α inhibitor. The present findings suggest that the treatment with agmatine is able to counteract the neuronal cell injury evoked by mitochondrial toxins.
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11
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AnandBabu K, Sen P, Angayarkanni N. Oxidized LDL, homocysteine, homocysteine thiolactone and advanced glycation end products act as pro-oxidant metabolites inducing cytokine release, macrophage infiltration and pro-angiogenic effect in ARPE-19 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216899. [PMID: 31086404 PMCID: PMC6516731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is one of the major vision-threatening diseases of the eye. Oxidative stress is one of the key factors in the onset and progression of AMD. In this study, metabolites associated with AMD pathology more so at the systemic level namely, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), homocysteine (Hcy), homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL), advanced glycation end product (AGE) were evaluated for their pro-oxidant nature in a localized ocular environment based on in vitro studies in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cells). Human ARPE-19 cells were treated with pro-oxidants 50 μg/mL oxLDL, 500 μM Hcy, 500 nM HCTL, 100 μg/mL AGE, 200 μM H2O2 and 200 μM H2O2 with and without pre-treatment of 5 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). The cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted from ARPE-19 cells exposed to pro-oxidants were estimated by ELISA. In vitro angiogenesis assay was performed with conditioned media of the pro-oxidant treated ARPE-19 cells in Geltrex-Matrigel coated 96-well plate. The human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) was differentiated into macrophages and its migration in response to conditioned media of ARPE-19 cells insulted with the pro-oxidants was studied by transwell migration assay. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and NF-κB to assess apoptotic changes. The compounds involved in the study showed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in ARPE-19 cells (oxLDL; Hcy; AGE: p < 0.001 and HCTL: p < 0.05). NAC pre-treatment significantly lowered the oxidative stress brought about by pro-oxidants as seen by lowered ROS and MDA levels in the cells. Treatment with pro-oxidants significantly increased the secretion of IL-6 (oxLDL: p < 0.05; Hcy, HCTL and AGE: p < 0.01) and IL-8 cytokines (oxLDL: p < 0.05; HCTL: p <. 001 and AGE: p < 0.01) in ARPE-19 cells. Serum samples of AMD patients (n = 23) revealed significantly higher IL-6 and IL-8 levels compared to control subjects (n = 23) (IL6: p < 0.01 and IL8: p < 0.05). The pro-oxidants also promoted VEGF secretion by ARPE-19 cells compared to untreated control (oxLDL: p < 0.001; Hcy: p < 0.01; HCTL and AGE: p < 0.05). In vitro angiogenesis assay showed that the conditioned media significantly increased the tube formation in RF/6A endothelial cells. Transwell migration assay revealed significant infiltration of macrophages in response to pro-oxidants. We further demonstrated that the pro-oxidants increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and increased the NF-κB activation resulting in pro-apoptotic changes in ARPE-19 cells. Thus, oxLDL, Hcy, HCTL and AGE act as pro-oxidant metabolites in RPE that promote AMD through oxidative stress, inflammation, chemotaxis and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannadasan AnandBabu
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Parveen Sen
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Narayanasamy Angayarkanni
- R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: ,
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Tinelli C, Di Pino A, Ficulle E, Marcelli S, Feligioni M. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a Risk Factor and Potential Nutraceutical Target for Certain Pathologies. Front Nutr 2019; 6:49. [PMID: 31069230 PMCID: PMC6491750 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is recognized as a risk factor for several diseases, including cardiovascular and neurological conditions. Homocysteine (HCys) is a key metabolite involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of methionine (Met), which plays a pivotal role in the physiological cell's life cycle. The biochemistry of Met is finely regulated by several enzymes that control HCys concentration. Indeed, balanced activity among the enzymes is essential for the cell's well-being, while its malfunction could raise HCys concentration which can lead to the onset of several pathological conditions. The HCys concentration increase seems to be caused mainly by the widely diffused polymorphisms of several enzymes. Nowadays, a blood test can easily detect elevated concentrations of HCys, referred to as Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCys). Prolonged exposure to this condition can lead to the onset of cardiovascular disease and can lead to the development of atherosclerosis, stroke, inflammatory syndromes like osteoporosis and rheumatism, as well as neuronal pathologies including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this review, we analyzed the literature of several pathological conditions in which the molecular pathways of HHCys are involved. Interestingly, several observations indicate that the calibrated assumption of correct doses of vitamins such as folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and betaine may control HHCys-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tinelli
- Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Pino
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ficulle
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Translational Medicine, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Marcelli
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurobiology in Translational Medicine, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Lin L, Du H. An anthraquinone compound and its protective effects against homocysteine-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 202:314-318. [PMID: 29800895 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we designed an anthraquinone derivative: 1,4-diacrylateanthracene-9,10-dione (DAAD) with antioxidant activity for preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD) through preventing the neurotoxicity of Homocysteine (Hcy). This compound has very low cytotoxicity and protects the cells against Hcy-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Thus, maybe DAAD can be used as a potential reagent to preventing AD. In addition, we investigated the UV-Vis and fluorescence spectra of DAAD in PBS (pH 7.29)/DMSO (v/v, 1:1) solution for detecting Hcy, and the detection limit of DAAD for Hcy was found to be 0.121 μM. Thus, DAAD also can be used to monitor the Hcy level in plasma and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Lin
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Huizhi Du
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Abd-Ellah HF, Abou-Zeid NRA, Nasr NM. The possible protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and folic acid in combination against aspartame-induced cerebral cortex neurotoxicity in adult male rats: a light and transmission electron microscopic study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:228-245. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1440270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hala F. Abd-Ellah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia R. A. Abou-Zeid
- Electron Microscope Lab., Ain Shams Specialized Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M. Nasr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Impairs Hypothalamic Regulation of Reproductive Cycles in Rat Progeny. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 162:738-740. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Tartik M, Darendelioglu E, Aykutoglu G, Baydas G. Turkish propolis supresses MCF-7 cell death induced by homocysteine. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:704-12. [PMID: 27470414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level is a most important risk factor for various vascular diseases including coronary, cerebral and peripheral arterial and venous thrombosis. Propolis is produced by honeybee from various oils, pollens and wax materials. Therefore, it has various biological properties including antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities. This study investigated the effects of propolis and Hcy on apoptosis in cancer cells. According to our findings, Hcy induced apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells by regulating numerous genes and proteins involved in the apoptotic signal transduction pathway. In contrast, treatment with propolis inhibited caspase- 3 and -9 induced by Hcy in MCF-7 cells. It can be concluded that Hcy may augment the activity of anticancer agents that induce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis in their target cells. In contrast to the previous studies herein we found that propolis in low doses protected cancer cells inhibiting cellular apoptosis mediated by intracellular ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Tartik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey.
| | - Ekrem Darendelioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey.
| | - Gurkan Aykutoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey.
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17
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Ferlazzo N, Cirmi S, Russo M, Trapasso E, Ursino MR, Lombardo GE, Gangemi S, Calapai G, Navarra M. NF-κB mediates the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of bergamot juice in HepG2 cells. Life Sci 2016; 146:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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18
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Paul R, Borah A. The potential physiological crosstalk and interrelationship between two sovereign endogenous amines, melatonin and homocysteine. Life Sci 2015; 139:97-107. [PMID: 26281918 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant melatonin and the non-proteinogenic excitotoxic amino acid homocysteine (Hcy) are very distinct but related reciprocally to each other in their mode of action. The elevated Hcy level has been implicated in several disease pathologies ranging from cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases to neurodegeneration owing largely to its free radical generating potency. Interestingly, melatonin administration potentially normalizes the elevated Hcy level, thereby protecting the cells from the undesired Hcy-induced excitotoxicity and cell death. However, the exact mechanism and between them remain obscure. Through literature survey we have found an indistinct but a vital link between melatonin and Hcy i.e., the existence of reciprocal regulation between them, and this aspect has been thoroughly described herein. In this review, we focus on all the possibilities of co-regulation of melatonin and Hcy at the level of their production and metabolism both in basal and in pathological conditions, and appraised the potential of melatonin in ameliorating homocysteinemia-induced cellular stresses. Also, we have summarized the differential mode of action of melatonin and Hcy on health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Paul
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.
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19
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Currò M, Gangemi C, Gugliandolo A, Risitano R, Ferlazzo N, Ientile R, Caccamo D. Transglutaminase 2 is involved in homocysteine-induced activation of human THP-1 monocytes. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:299-308. [PMID: 25547897 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.1002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant transglutaminase 2 (TG2) expression and protein cross-linking activity have been associated with several chronic neurodegenerative disorders in which inflammatory processes triggered by activated microglia and monocytes play a key role, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Interestingly, mild-to-moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), corresponding to increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations in the range 16-60 μM, have recently been associated with the above-cited diseases. Using THP-1 monocytes, here we investigated the role of TG2 in cell response to mildly elevated Hcy concentrations. A five-day incubation with Hcy (∼25 μM) increased reactive oxygen species, peroxide lipids, as well as 8-hydroxyguanosine levels by twofold, and decreased the endogenous cell antioxidant defenses, that is reduced glutathione, by 50% in Hcy-exposed cultures compared with controls (p < 0.01). Hcy-induced oxidative stress was associated with increases in TG2 expression and activity, as well as nuclear factor kappa B activation. Notably, the latter was reduced in the presence of the TG-specific inhibitor R283. Hcy exposure also significantly increased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, as well as the level of Hcy-inducible endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein, a marker of ER stress, in Hcy-exposed cultures compared with controls. Notably, these effects were dramatically reduced by R283. These preliminary findings indicate that TG2 plays a key role in Hcy-induced activation of THP-1 monocytes, involving oxidative as well as ER stress and inflammation. This underlines the potential of TG2 inhibition in the therapeutic management of inflammatory processes contributing to neurodegenerative disorders associated with mild HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Currò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina , Messina , Italy
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20
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He C, Li B, Song W, Ding Z, Wang S, Shan Y. Sulforaphane attenuates homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress through Nrf-2-driven enzymes in immortalized human hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7477-7485. [PMID: 24970331 DOI: 10.1021/jf501944u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the present study, we investigated the potential efficacy of cruciferous vegetable-derived sulforaphane (SFN) in improving homocysteine (HCY)-stressed cells. After human hepatocyte line HHL-5 was preincubated with SFN and subsequently with 10 mmol/L HCY, SFN improved the pathologic changes which are caused by HCY, including cell morphological abnormality, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling, excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as the increased activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Phase II enzymes, thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), were involved in the protective effect of SFN against injury by HCY. The ER stress-specific proteins, such as glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) and protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), were strikingly abolished by SFN. Furthermore, Nrf-2 translocation was enhanced by SFN, which lead to the induction of TrxR-1and NQO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canxia He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , No. 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
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21
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Salutary effect of NFκB inhibitor and folacin in hyperhomocysteinemia-hyperlipidemia induced vascular dementia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 38:207-15. [PMID: 22510463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dementia of vascular origin or vascular dementia (VaD) is considered as the second commonest form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the last ten years various researchers have reported a strong association of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), hyperlipidemia (HL) and dementia. This study investigates the salutary effect of natrium diethyl dithio carbamate trihydrate (NDDCT), a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) inhibitor as well as folacin (Vitamin-B(9)) in HHcy-HL induced VaD. l-methionone was used to induce HHcy-HL and associated VaD. Morris water-maze (MWM) was used for testing learning and memory. Vascular system assessment was done by testing endothelial function. Biochemical estimations were performed to assess HHcy (serum homocysteine), HL (serum cholesterol), oxidative stress (aortic superoxide anion, serum and brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species and brain glutathione), nitric oxide levels (serum nitrite/nitrate) and cholinergic activity (brain acetyl cholinesterase activity). L-methionine treated animals have shown HHcy-HL, endothelial dysfunction, impairment of learning, memory, reduction in serum nitrite/nitrate levels and brain glutathione (GSH) along with increase in serum and brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and brain acetylcholinesterase activity. NDDCT, folacin and donepezil (positive control) significantly improved HHcy-HL induced impairment of learning, memory, endothelial dysfunction, and changes in various biochemical parameters. l-methionine induced HHcy-HL has caused VaD development in rats. NFκ-B inhibitors and folacin may be considered as potential agents for the management of HHcy-HL induced VaD.
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22
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Sun YX, Dai DK, Liu R, Wang T, Luo CL, Bao HJ, Yang R, Feng XY, Qin ZH, Chen XP, Tao LY. Therapeutic effect of SN50, an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB, in treatment of TBI in mice. Neurol Sci 2012; 34:345-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-012-1007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
High levels of homocysteine (Hcy), known as hyperhomocysteinmia (HHcy), are correlated with an increase in extracellular matrix remodelling (ECM) via the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and plasminogen/plasmin system. This results in an increase deposition of collagen that leads to endothelial-myocyte (EM) and myocyte-myocyte (MM) uncoupling; the physiological consequences are a plethora of cardiovascular pathologies. Homocysteine-induced increase in intracellular and mitochondrial Ca(2+) plays an important role in increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) within mitochondria and instigating mitophagy within the cell. This occurs via several Hcy-mitigated processes: agonizing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-1 (NMDA-R1), decreasing expression of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR) [thereby increasing oxidation], impairing Ca(2+) handling via Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) and Sarco endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA-2a). The end result is an increase in ROS that directly or indirectly lead to MMP activation within mitochondria or the cytoplasm. Hcy induces a mitochondrial permeability transition that allows MMPs to be released from mitochondria thereby metabolizing matrix and impairing cardiac function. Further work remains to be elucidated concerning the specific mitochondrial mitophagic mechanisms under which matrix metabolism and remodelling occurs. Moreover, the therapeutic implications of NMDA and PPAR ligands are some promise to patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Vacek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Monitoring of transglutaminase 2 under different oxidative stress conditions. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1037-43. [PMID: 21805137 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional calcium-dependent enzyme which catalyzes the post-translational protein crosslinking with formation of intra- or inter-molecular epsilon(gamma-glutamyl)lysine bonds or polyamine incorporation. The up-regulation and activation of TG2 have been reported in a variety of physiological events, including cell differentiation, signal transduction, apoptosis, and wound healing, as well as in cell response to stress evoked by different internal and external stimuli. Here we review TG2 role in cell response to redox state imbalance both under physiological and pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cataractogenesis, in which oxidative stress plays a pathogenetic role and also accelerates disease progression. The increase in TG activity together with mitochondrial impairment and collapse of antioxidant enzymatic cell defences have been reported to be the prominent biochemical alterations becoming evident prior to neurodegeneration. Moreover, oxidative stress-induced TG2 pathway is involved in autophagy inhibition and aggresome formation, and TG2 has been suggested to function as a link between oxidative stress and inflammation by driving the decision as to whether a protein should undergo SUMO-mediated regulation or proteasomal degradation. Literature data suggest a strong association between oxidative stress and TG2 up-regulation, which in turn may result in cell survival or apoptosis, depending on cell type, kind of stressor, duration of insult, as well as TG2 intracellular localization and activity state. In particular, it may be suggested that TG2 plays a pro-survival role when the alteration of cell redox state homeostasis is not associated with intracellular calcium increase triggering TG2 transamidation activity.
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Condello S, Currò M, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Satriano J, Ientile R. Agmatine effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and NF-κB activation protect against rotenone-induced cell damage in human neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurochem 2010; 116:67-75. [PMID: 21044082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Agmatine, an endogenous arginine metabolite, has been proposed as a novel neuromodulator that plays protective roles in the CNS in several models of cellular damage. However, the mechanisms involved in these protective effects in neurodegenerative diseases are poorly understood. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of agmatine on cell injury induced by rotenone, commonly used in establishing in vivo and in vitro models of Parkinson's disease, in human-derived dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). We report that agmatine dose-dependently suppressed rotenone-induced cellular injury through a reduction of oxidative stress. Similar effects were obtained by spermine, suggesting a scavenging effect for these compounds. However, unlike spermine, agmatine also prevented rotenone-induced nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation and mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation. Furthermore, rotenone-induced increase in apoptotic markers, such as caspase 3 activity, Bax expression and cytochrome c release, was significantly attenuated with agmatine treatment. These findings demonstrate mitochondrial preservation with agmatine in a rotenone model of apoptotic cell death, and that the neuroprotective action of agmatine appears because of suppressing apoptotic signalling mechanisms. Thus, agmatine may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease by protecting dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Condello
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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26
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Kimura I, Nakayama Y, Konishi M, Kobayashi T, Mori M, Ito M, Hirasawa A, Tsujimoto G, Ohta M, Itoh N, Fujimoto M. Neuferricin, a novel extracellular heme-binding protein, promotes neurogenesis. J Neurochem 2010; 112:1156-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Steinacker P, Hawlik A, Lehnert S, Jahn O, Meier S, Görz E, Braunstein KE, Krzovska M, Schwalenstöcker B, Jesse S, Pröpper C, Böckers T, Ludolph A, Otto M. Neuroprotective function of cellular prion protein in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 176:1409-20. [PMID: 20075202 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing human mutated superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) linked to familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are frequently used as a disease model. We used the SOD1G93A mouse in a cross-breeding strategy to study the function of physiological prion protein (Prp). SOD1G93APrp-/- mice exhibited a significantly reduced life span, and an earlier onset and accelerated progression of disease, as compared with SOD1G93APrp+/+ mice. Additionally, during disease progression, SOD1G93APrp-/- mice showed impaired rotarod performance, lower body weight, and reduced muscle strength. Histologically, SOD1G93APrp-/- mice showed reduced numbers of spinal cord motor neurons and extended areas occupied by large vacuoles early in the course of the disease. Analysis of spinal cord homogenates revealed no differences in SOD1 activity. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, a marked reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein and enhanced levels of collapsing response mediator protein 2 and creatine kinase were detected in SOD1G93APrp-/- versus SOD1G93A mice. In the course of disease, Bcl-2 decreases, nuclear factor-kappaB increases, and Akt is activated, but these changes were largely unaffected by Prp expression. Exclusively in double-transgenic mice, we detected a significant increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 activation at clinical onset. We propose that Prp has a beneficial role in the SOD1G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model by influencing neuronal and/or glial factors involved in antioxidative defense, rather than anti-apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Steinacker
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Steinhovelstr.1, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Hyperhomocysteinemia selectively alters expression and stoichiometry of intermediate filament and induces glutamate‐ and calcium‐mediated mechanisms in rat brain during development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2009; 28:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Liu X, Zhao J, Xu J, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Miao J. Protective effects of a benzoxazine derivative against oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis and the increases of integrin beta4, ROS, NF-kappaB and P53 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2896-900. [PMID: 19362839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether 6-amino-2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxymethyl-1,4-benzoxazine (ABO) inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis, we treated HUVECs with oxLDL in the absence or presence of ABO. The results showed that ABO could act as an effective inhibitor of oxLDL-elicited HUVEC apoptosis by inhibiting the levels of integrin beta4, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-kappaB and P53, and suppressing NF-kappaB nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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