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Heydari F, Nasiri M, Haroabadi A, Fahanik Babaei J, Pestehei SK. Efficacy of melatonin in alleviating disorders arising from repeated exposure to sevoflurane in males and females of the Wistar rats during preadolescence. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11889. [PMID: 38789558 PMCID: PMC11126601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatricians use sevoflurane due to its fast action and short recovery time. However, studies have shown that repeated exposure to anesthesia can affect learning and memory. Melatonin, an indole-type neuroendocrine hormone, has significant anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Melatonin's impact on cognitive behavior in sevoflurane-anesthetized males and females of the Wistar rats during preadolescence was examined in this research. The cognitive function was evaluated by shuttle box and morris water maze tests, while interleukin-10, Catalase (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated using ELISA kits. The expression levels of the apoptosis-linked proteins, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, were determined using the western blotting technique. The learning and memory latencies of the rats were more significant in the sevoflurane groups than in the control group; however, the latencies were significantly shorter in the sevoflurane and melatonin groups than in the control group. The levels of MDA, TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3 were significantly higher in the sevoflurane groups than in the control group. We also found that the levels of CAT and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced in the sevoflurane groups compared to the control group. Increasing levels of CAT, Bcl-2, and decreasing levels of MDA, TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3 in response to melatonin indicate a possible contribution to the recovery from the sevoflurane impairment. Melatonin shows neuroprotective effects in male and female rats with sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. This suggests melatonin could be a valuable treatment for learning and memory deficits resulting from repeated exposure to sevoflurane, possibly by controlling apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heydari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nasiri
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Haroabadi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Khalil Pestehei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Briyal S, Ranjan AK, Gulati A. Oxidative stress: A target to treat Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Neurochem Int 2023; 165:105509. [PMID: 36907516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been established as a well-known pathological condition in several neurovascular diseases. It starts with increased production of highly oxidizing free-radicals (e.g. reactive oxygen species; ROS and reactive nitrogen species; RNS) and becomes too high for the endogenous antioxidant system to neutralize them, which results in a significantly disturbed balance between free-radicals and antioxidants levels and causes cellular damage. A number of studies have evidently shown that oxidative stress plays a critical role in activating multiple cell signaling pathways implicated in both progression as well as initiation of neurological diseases. Therefore, oxidative stress continues to remain a key therapeutic target for neurological diseases. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the brain, oxidative stress, and pathogenesis of neurological disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the scope of antioxidant therapies for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Briyal
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | - Amaresh K Ranjan
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Anil Gulati
- College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA; Pharmazz Inc. Research and Development, Willowbrook, IL, USA
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Neonatal Anesthesia and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040787. [PMID: 35453473 PMCID: PMC9026345 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal anesthesia, while often essential for surgeries or imaging procedures, is accompanied by significant risks to redox balance in the brain due to the relatively weak antioxidant system in children. Oxidative stress is characterized by concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are elevated beyond what can be accommodated by the antioxidant defense system. In neonatal anesthesia, this has been proposed to be a contributing factor to some of the negative consequences (e.g., learning deficits and behavioral abnormalities) that are associated with early anesthetic exposure. In order to assess the relationship between neonatal anesthesia and oxidative stress, we first review the mechanisms of action of common anesthetic agents, the key pathways that produce the majority of ROS, and the main antioxidants. We then explore the possible immediate, short-term, and long-term pathways of neonatal-anesthesia-induced oxidative stress. We review a large body of literature describing oxidative stress to be evident during and immediately following neonatal anesthesia. Moreover, our review suggests that the short-term pathway has a temporally limited effect on oxidative stress, while the long-term pathway can manifest years later due to the altered development of neurons and neurovascular interactions.
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De Lazzari F, Prag HA, Gruszczyk AV, Whitworth AJ, Bisaglia M. DJ-1: A promising therapeutic candidate for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101884. [PMID: 33561740 PMCID: PMC7872972 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 is a multifaceted protein with pleiotropic functions that has been implicated in multiple diseases, ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ischemia is a complex pathological state arising when tissues and organs do not receive adequate levels of oxygen and nutrients. When the blood flow is restored, significant damage occurs over and above that of ischemia alone and is termed ischemia-reperfusion injury. Despite great efforts in the scientific community to ameliorate this pathology, its complex nature has rendered it challenging to obtain satisfactory treatments that translate to the clinic. In this review, we will describe the recent findings on the participation of the protein DJ-1 in the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury, firstly introducing the features and functions of DJ-1 and, successively highlighting the therapeutic potential of the protein. DJ-1 has been shown to confer protection in ischemia-reperfusion injury models. DJ-1 protection relies on the activation of antioxidant signaling pathways. DJ-1 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis during ischemia and reperfusion. DJ-1 seems to modulate ion homeostasis during ischemia and reperfusion. DJ-1 may represent a promising therapeutic target for ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Lazzari
- Physiology, Genetics and Behaviour Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Hiran A Prag
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Anja V Gruszczyk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Physiology, Genetics and Behaviour Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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5
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Metal-based superoxide dismutase and catalase mimics reduce oxidative stress biomarkers and extend life span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem J 2017; 474:301-315. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process characterized by several biological changes. In this context, oxidative stress appears as a key factor that leads cells and organisms to severe dysfunctions and diseases. To cope with reactive oxygen species and oxidative-related damage, there has been increased use of superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase (CAT) biomimetic compounds. Recently, we have shown that three metal-based compounds {[Fe(HPClNOL)Cl2]NO3, [Cu(HPClNOL)(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 and Mn(HPClNOL)(Cl)2}, harboring in vitro SOD and/or CAT activities, were critical for protection of yeast cells against oxidative stress. In this work, treating Saccharomyces cerevisiae with these SOD/CAT mimics (25.0 µM/1 h), we highlight the pivotal role of these compounds to extend the life span of yeast during chronological aging. Evaluating lipid and protein oxidation of aged cells, it becomes evident that these mimics extend the life expectancy of yeast mainly due to the reduction in oxidative stress biomarkers. In addition, the treatment of yeast cells with these mimics regulated the amounts of lipid droplet occurrence, consistent with the requirement and protection of lipids for cell integrity during aging. Concerning SOD/CAT mimics uptake, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we add new evidence that these complexes, besides being bioabsorbed by S. cerevisiae cells, can also affect metal homeostasis. Finally, our work presents a new application for these SOD/CAT mimics, which demonstrate a great potential to be employed as antiaging agents. Taken together, these promising results prompt future studies concerning the relevance of administration of these molecules against the emerging aging-related diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's.
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6
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Li W, Yang S. Targeting oxidative stress for the treatment of ischemic stroke: Upstream and downstream therapeutic strategies. Brain Circ 2016; 2:153-163. [PMID: 30276293 PMCID: PMC6126224 DOI: 10.4103/2394-8108.195279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxygen and its chemical derivatives, namely reactive oxygen species (ROS), produce oxidative stress that has been known to lead to cell injury in ischemic stroke. ROS can damage macromolecules such as proteins and lipids and leads to cell autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis to the cells. This review describes studies on the generation of ROS, its role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and recent development in therapeutic strategies in reducing oxidative stress after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Shaohua Yang
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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7
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Molina V, Ravelo Y, Noa M, Mas R, Pérez Y, Oyarzábal A, Mendoza N, Valle M, Jiménez S, Sánchez J. Therapeutic Effects of Policosanol and Atorvastatin against Global Brain Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in Gerbils. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:635-41. [PMID: 24591737 PMCID: PMC3928726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the third cause of death and the first of permanent adult disability. Pretreatment with policosanol and atorvastatin has been effective in experimental models of cerebral ischaemia in rodents. The objective was to compare the therapeutic effects of policosanol and atorvastatin in a model of global cerebral ischaemia in gerbils. Gerbils were distributed into seven groups, a negative control and six with ischaemia-reperfusion-induced global cerebral ischemia (one vehicle positive control, two policosanol (100 and 200 mg/kg), two atorvastatin (10 and 20 mg/kg) and one aspirin (60 mg/kg) group). Treatments were given 4 h after ischaemia induction. Effects on ischemia-reperfusion-induced symptoms, hyperlocomotion, damage of pyramidal hipoccampal neurons and increased plasma oxidative markers were investigated. Positive, not negative controls, exhibited clinical symptoms, hyperlocomotion, neuronal damage and increased plasma oxidative markers. Policosanol (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced significantly ischemia-reperfusion-induced symptoms, the frequency of symptomatic animals, histological scores of neuronal damage and plasma oxidative markers as compared with the positive control group. Atorvastatin (10 and 20 mg/kg) decreased significantly the symptoms and histological scores, but unchanged the frequency of symptomatic gerbils and oxidative variables. Only the highest dose of policosanol (200 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) reduced significantly ischemia reperfusion-induced hyperlocomotion, policosanol being the most effective. Aspirin 60 mg/kg lowered significantly symptom score, the rate of symptomatic gerbils and hyperlocomotion versus the positive controls, but failed to modify oxidative parameters. In conclusion, postreperfusion treatment with policosanol and atorvastatin was effective for ameliorating symptoms, hyperlocomotion and neurological damage of hippocampal CA1 neurons in gerbils with ischemia-reperfusion-induced global cerebral ischemia, but only policosanol reduced increased plasma oxidative variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Molina
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Ave 25 and 158, P.O. 6880, Cubanacán Havana City, Cuba
| | - Y. Ravelo
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Ave 25 and 158, P.O. 6880, Cubanacán Havana City, Cuba
| | - M. Noa
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Ave 25 and 158, P.O. 6880, Cubanacán Havana City, Cuba
| | - R. Mas
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Ave 25 and 158, P.O. 6880, Cubanacán Havana City, Cuba
| | - Y. Pérez
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Ave 25 and 158, P.O. 6880, Cubanacán Havana City, Cuba
| | - A. Oyarzábal
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Ave 25 and 158, P.O. 6880, Cubanacán Havana City, Cuba
| | - N. Mendoza
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Ave 25 and 158, P.O. 6880, Cubanacán Havana City, Cuba
| | - M. Valle
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Ave 25 and 158, P.O. 6880, Cubanacán Havana City, Cuba
| | - S. Jiménez
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Ave 25 and 158, P.O. 6880, Cubanacán Havana City, Cuba
| | - J. Sánchez
- Centre of Natural Products, National Centre for Scientific Research, Ave 25 and 158, P.O. 6880, Cubanacán Havana City, Cuba
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8
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Pires VLDS, Souza JRFD, Guimarães SB, Silva Filho ARD, Garcia JHP, Vasconcelos PRLD. Preconditioning with L-alanyl-L-glutamine in a Mongolian Gerbil model of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Acta Cir Bras 2011; 26 Suppl 1:14-20. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502011000700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of L-alanyl-L-glutamine (L-Ala-Gln) preconditioning in an acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model in gerbils. METHODS: Thirty-six Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), (60-100g), were randomized in 2 groups (n=18) and preconditioned with saline 2.0 ml (Group-S) or 0.75g/Kg of L-Ala-Gln, (Group-G) administered into the femoral vein 30 minutes prior to I/R. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n=6). Anesthetized animals (urethane, 1.5g/Kg, i.p.) were submitted to bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries during 15 minutes. Samples (brain tissue and arterial blood) were collected at the end of ischemia (T0) and after 30 (T30) and 60 minutes (T60) for glucose, lactate, myeloperoxidase (MPO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH) assays and histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: Glucose and lactate levels were not different in studied groups. However glycemia increased significantly in saline groups at the end of the reperfusion period. TBARS levels were significantly different, comparing treated (Group-G) and control group after 30 minutes of reperfusion (p<0.05) in cerebral tissue. Pretreatment with L-Ala-Gln promoted a significant increase in cerebral GSH contents in Group-G at T30 (p<0.001) time-point compared with Group-S. At T30 and T60, increased levels of GSH occurred in both time-points. There were no group differences regarding MPO levels. Pyknosis, presence of red neurons and intracellular edema were significantly smaller in Group-G. CONCLUSION: Preconditioning with L-Ala-Gln in gerbils submitted to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion reduces oxidative stress and degeneration of the nucleus (pyknosis) and cell death (red neurons) in the cerebral tissue.
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9
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The novel radical scavenger IAC is effective in preventing and protecting against post-ischemic brain damage in Mongolian gerbils. J Neurol Sci 2010; 290:90-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Hosgorler FU, Atila K, Terzi C, Akhisaroglu ST, Oktay G, Kupelioglu A, Ergor G, Saydam S. Carnitine Protects the Intestine Against Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J Surg Res 2010; 159:603-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Effect of electroconvulsive stimulation on morphological and physiological aspects of post-cardiac arrest cerebral microcirculation. Resuscitation 2008; 78:359-66. [PMID: 18586374 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) on cerebral circulation in vivo using the method for measuring microcirculation in real time with the photosensitizer dye Photosense and the fiber optic spectrofluorometer LESA-01-BIOSPEC. We have found that electroconvulsive stimulation significantly improved cerebral microcirculation (fourfold higher comparing to the control cerebral perfusion) after 30 min of room-temperature cardiac arrest. Morphologic study of the brain tissue showed the absence of rouleaux formation of erythrocytes ("sludged blood") in the cerebral cortex microcirculation after the application of electrical stimulus. Electroconvulsive stimulation may be useful for improving cerebral microcirculation (blood flow) in cases of long-term brain hypoxia/anoxia after prolonged cardiac arrest.
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Hussein G, Sankawa U, Goto H, Matsumoto K, Watanabe H. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid with potential in human health and nutrition. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:443-9. [PMID: 16562856 DOI: 10.1021/np050354+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (1), a red-orange carotenoid pigment, is a powerful biological antioxidant that occurs naturally in a wide variety of living organisms. The potent antioxidant property of 1 has been implicated in its various biological activities demonstrated in both experimental animals and clinical studies. Compound 1 has considerable potential and promising applications in human health and nutrition. In this review, the recent scientific literature (from 2002 to 2005) is covered on the most significant activities of 1, including its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, its effects on cancer, diabetes, the immune system, and ocular health, and other related aspects. We also discuss the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis, the richest source of natural 1, and its utilization in the promotion of human health, including the antihypertensive and neuroprotective potentials of 1, emphasizing our experimental data on the effects of dietary astaxanthin on blood pressure, stroke, and vascular dementia in animal models, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Hussein
- International Research Center for Traditional Medicine, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.
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13
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Abstract
In humans, several pathologies involve the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Metal-containing catalytic antioxidants have emerged as a novel class of potential therapeutic agents that scavenge a wide range of reactive oxygen species. There are three structural classes of manganese-containing catalytic antioxidants that have efficacy in several oxidative stress models of human disease. The classes are divided based on their in vitro selectivity towards the scavenging of superoxide. The selective catalytic antioxidants include the macrocyclics, whereas the non-selective catalytic antioxidants include the salens and porphyrins. Cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and inflammatory lung disorders are all potentially important targets for catalytic antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Day
- National Jewish Medical & Research Center, K715, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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14
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Sheldon RA, Jiang X, Francisco C, Christen S, Vexler ZS, Täuber MG, Ferriero DM. Manipulation of antioxidant pathways in neonatal murine brain. Pediatr Res 2004; 56:656-62. [PMID: 15295091 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000139413.27864.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To assess the role of brain antioxidant capacity in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, we measured the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in both human-superoxide dismutase-1 (hSOD1) and human-GPX1 overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). We have previously shown that mice that overexpress the hSOD1 gene are more injured than their wild-type (WT) littermates after HI, and that H(2)O(2) accumulates in HI hSOD1-Tg hippocampus. We hypothesized that lower GPX activity is responsible for the accumulation of H(2)O(2). Therefore, increasing the activity of this enzyme through gene manipulation should be protective. We show that brains of hGPX1-Tg mice, in contrast to those of hSOD-Tg, have less injury after HI than WT littermates: hGPX1-Tg, median injury score = 8 (range, 0-24) versus WT, median injury score = 17 (range, 2-24), p < 0.01. GPX activity in hSOD1-Tg mice, 2 h and 24 h after HI, showed a delayed and bilateral decline in the cortex 24 h after HI (36.0 +/- 1.2 U/mg in naive hSOD1-Tg versus 29.1 +/- 1.7 U/mg in HI cortex and 29.2 +/- 2.0 for hypoxic cortex, p < 0.006). On the other hand, GPX activity in hGPX1-Tg after HI showed a significant increase by 24 h in the cortex ipsilateral to the injury (48.5 +/- 5.2 U/mg, compared with 37.2 +/- 1.5 U/mg in naive hGPX1-Tg cortex, p < 0.008). These findings support the hypothesis that the immature brain has limited GPX activity and is more susceptible to oxidative damage and may explain the paradoxical effect seen in ischemic neonatal brain when SOD1 is overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ann Sheldon
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143.
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15
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Muscoli C, Sacco I, Alecce W, Palma E, Nisticò R, Costa N, Clementi F, Rotiroti D, Romeo F, Salvemini D, Mehta JL, Mollace V. The protective effect of superoxide dismutase mimetic M40401 on balloon injury-related neointima formation: role of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 311:44-50. [PMID: 15220383 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.068205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), the principal receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), has recently been suggested to exert a pivotal role in atherogenesis, possibly by mediating ox-LDL-evoked endothelial dysfunction. On the other hand, LOX-1 expression seems to strongly correlate with the oxidative stress occurring in the vascular wall of experimentally injured blood vessels. Here, we investigated LOX-1 expression and superoxide generation during neointima formation in a balloon injury rat carotid artery model. To test this, we used M40401 [a manganese(II) complex with a bis(cyclo-hexylpyridine-substituted) macrocyclic ligand], a synthetic superoxide dismutase mimetic that is a selective scavenger of superoxide. The injury was performed inserting the balloon catheter through the rat common carotid artery and after 14 days a histopathological analysis revealed a significant restenosis with smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation that was associated with an enhanced expression of LOX-1, nitrotyrosine (the footprint of peroxynitrite) staining, and lipid peroxidation as assessed by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. Pretreatment of rats with M40401 (0.5-10 mg/kg i.p. daily) reduced neointima formation, MDA accumulation, nitrotyrosine staining, and LOX-1 expression. Here, we show that removal of superoxide formation occurring in injured arteries reduces both neointima formation and LOX-1 expression and that this may represent a novel therapeutical approach in the treatment of vascular disorders in which proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and ox-LDL-related endothelial cell dysfunction occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Muscoli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Complesso Nini' Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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