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Baud S, Corso M, Debeaujon I, Dubreucq B, Job D, Marion-Poll A, Miquel M, North H, Rajjou L, Lepiniec L. Recent progress in molecular genetics and omics-driven research in seed biology. C R Biol 2023; 345:61-110. [PMID: 36847120 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms that control seed development, metabolism, and physiology is a fundamental issue in biology. Michel Caboche had long been a catalyst for seed biology research in France up until his untimely passing away last year. To honour his memory, we have updated a review written under his coordination in 2010 entitled "Arabidopsis seed secrets unravelled after a decade of genetic and omics-driven research". This review encompassed different molecular aspects of seed development, reserve accumulation, dormancy and germination, that are studied in the lab created by M. Caboche. We have extended the scope of this review to highlight original experimental approaches implemented in the field over the past decade such as omics approaches aimed at investigating the control of gene expression, protein modifications, primary and specialized metabolites at the tissue or even cellular level, as well as seed biodiversity and the impact of the environment on seed quality.
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Barnhart MH, McAssey EV, Dittmar EL, Burke JM. Transcriptomics of developing wild sunflower seeds from the extreme ends of a latitudinal gradient differing in seed oil composition. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e423. [PMID: 35898559 PMCID: PMC9307388 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed oil composition, an important agronomic trait in cultivated sunflower, varies latitudinally across the native range of its wild progenitor. This pattern is thought to be driven by selection for a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids in southern populations compared with northern populations, likely due to the different temperatures experienced during seed germination. To investigate whether these differences in fatty acid composition between northern and southern populations correspond to transcriptional variation in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, we sequenced RNA from developing seeds of sunflowers from Texas, USA, and Saskatchewan, Canada (the extreme ends of sunflower's latitudinal range) grown in a common garden. We found 4,741 genes to be differentially expressed between Texas and Canada, including several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Several differentially expressed lipid metabolism genes also colocalized with known oil quantitative trait loci (QTL). The genes producing stearoyl-ACP-desaturases (SAD) were of particular interest because of their known role in the conversion of fully saturated into unsaturated fatty acids. Two SAD genes were more highly expressed in seeds from Canadian populations, consistent with the observation of increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids in seeds from that region. We also constructed a gene co-expression network to investigate regional variation in network modules. The results of this analysis revealed regional differentiation for eight of 12 modules but no clear relationship with oil biosynthesis. Overall, the differential expression of SAD genes offers a partial explanation for the observed differences in seed oil composition between Texas and Canada, while the expression patterns of other metabolic genes suggest complex regulation of fatty acid production and usage across latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max H. Barnhart
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Edward V. McAssey
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Hawai'i at MānoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Emily L. Dittmar
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - John M. Burke
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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Wang P, Xiong X, Zhang X, Wu G, Liu F. A Review of Erucic Acid Production in Brassicaceae Oilseeds: Progress and Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High and Low-Erucic Acid Rapeseeds ( Brassica napus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:899076. [PMID: 35645989 PMCID: PMC9131074 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.899076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Erucic acid (C22:1, ω-9, EA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid (FA) that is an important oleochemical product with a wide range of uses in metallurgy, machinery, rubber, the chemical industry, and other fields because of its hydrophobicity and water resistance. EA is not easily digested and absorbed in the human body, and high-EA rapeseed (HEAR) oil often contains glucosinolates. Both glucosinolates and EA are detrimental to health and can lead to disease, which has resulted in strict guidelines by regulatory bodies on maximum EA contents in oils. Increasingly, researchers have attempted to enhance the EA content in Brassicaceae oilseeds to serve industrial applications while conversely reducing the EA content to ensure food safety. For the production of both LEAR and HEAR, biotechnology is likely to play a fundamental role. Elucidating the metabolic pathways of EA can help inform the improvement of Brassicaceae oilseeds through transgenic technology. In this paper, we introduce the industrial applications of HEAR oil and health benefits of low-EA rapeseed (LEAR) oil first, following which we review the biosynthetic pathways of EA, introduce the EA resources from plants, and focus on research related to the genetic engineering of EA in Brassicaceae oilseeds. In addition, the effects of the environment on EA production are addressed, and the safe cultivation of HEAR and LEAR is discussed. This paper supports further research into improving FAs in Brassicaceae oilseeds through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding techniques, thereby advancing the commercialization of transgenic products for better application in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding Technology Innovation and Integration, Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Brock JR, Scott T, Lee AY, Mosyakin SL, Olsen KM. Interactions between genetics and environment shape Camelina seed oil composition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:423. [PMID: 32928104 PMCID: PMC7490867 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camelina sativa (gold-of-pleasure) is a traditional European oilseed crop and emerging biofuel source with high levels of desirable fatty acids. A twentieth century germplasm bottleneck depleted genetic diversity in the crop, leading to recent interest in using wild relatives for crop improvement. However, little is known about seed oil content and genetic diversity in wild Camelina species. RESULTS We used gas chromatography, environmental niche assessment, and genotyping-by-sequencing to assess seed fatty acid composition, environmental distributions, and population structure in C. sativa and four congeners, with a primary focus on the crop's wild progenitor, C. microcarpa. Fatty acid composition differed significantly between Camelina species, which occur in largely non-overlapping environments. The crop progenitor comprises three genetic subpopulations with discrete fatty acid compositions. Environment, subpopulation, and population-by-environment interactions were all important predictors for seed oil in these wild populations. A complementary growth chamber experiment using C. sativa confirmed that growing conditions can dramatically affect both oil quantity and fatty acid composition in Camelina. CONCLUSIONS Genetics, environmental conditions, and genotype-by-environment interactions all contribute to fatty acid variation in Camelina species. These insights suggest careful breeding may overcome the unfavorable FA compositions in oilseed crops that are predicted with warming climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Brock
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Trey Scott
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Amy Yoonjin Lee
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sergei L Mosyakin
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereschenkivska Street, Kyiv, 01004, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth M Olsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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Guerin C, Serret J, Montúfar R, Vaissayre V, Bastos-Siqueira A, Durand-Gasselin T, Tregear J, Morcillo F, Dussert S. Palm seed and fruit lipid composition: phylogenetic and ecological perspectives. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:157-172. [PMID: 31665224 PMCID: PMC7080222 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Palms are vital to worldwide human nutrition, in particular as major sources of vegetable oils. However, our knowledge of seed and fruit lipid diversity in the family Arecaceae is limited. We therefore aimed to explore relationships between seed and fruit lipid content, fatty acid composition in the respective tissues, phylogenetic factors and biogeographical parameters. METHODS Oil content and fatty acid composition were characterized in seeds and fruits of 174 and 144 palm species respectively. Distribution, linear regression and multivariate analyses allowed an evaluation of the chemotaxonomic value of these traits and their potential relationship with ecological factors. KEY RESULTS A considerable intra-family diversity for lipid traits was revealed. Species with the most lipid-rich seeds belonged to the tribe Cocoseae, while species accumulating oil in the mesocarp occurred in all subfamilies and two-thirds of the tribes studied. Seed and fruit lipid contents were not correlated. Fatty acid composition of mesocarp oil was highly variable within tribes. By contrast, within-tribe diversity for seed lipid traits was low, whereas between-tribe variability was high. Consequently, multivariate analyses of seed lipid traits produced groupings of species belonging to the same tribe. Medium-chain fatty acids predominated in seeds of most palm species, but they were also accumulated in the mesocarp in some cases. Seed unsaturated fatty acid content correlated with temperature at the coldest latitude of natural occurrence. CONCLUSION Several previously uncharacterized palms were identified as potential new sources of vegetable oils for comestible or non-food use. Seed lipid traits reflect genetic drift that occurred during the radiation of the family and therefore are highly relevant to palm chemotaxonomy. Our data also suggest that seed unsaturated fatty acids may provide an adaptive advantage in the coldest environments colonized by palms by maintaining storage lipids in liquid form for efficient mobilization during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rommel Montúfar
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Mousavi S, de la Rosa R, Moukhli A, El Riachy M, Mariotti R, Torres M, Pierantozzi P, Stanzione V, Mastio V, Zaher H, El Antari A, Ayoub S, Dandachi F, Youssef H, Aggelou N, Contreras C, Maestri D, Belaj A, Bufacchi M, Baldoni L, Leon L. Plasticity of fruit and oil traits in olive among different environments. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16968. [PMID: 31740728 PMCID: PMC6861299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive is a long-living perennial species with a wide geographical distribution, showing a large genetic and phenotypic variation in its growing area. There is an urgent need to uncover how olive phenotypic traits and plasticity can change regardless of the genetic background. A two-year study was conducted, based on the analysis of fruit and oil traits of 113 cultivars from five germplasm collections established in Mediterranean Basin countries and Argentina. Fruit and oil traits plasticity, broad-sense heritability and genotype by environment interaction were estimated. From variance and heritability analyses, it was shown that fruit fresh weight was mainly under genetic control, whereas oleic/(palmitic + linoleic) acids ratio was regulated by the environment and genotype by environment interaction had the major effect on oil content. Among the studied cultivars, different level of stability was observed, which allowed ranking the cultivars based on their plasticity for oil traits. High thermal amplitude, the difference of low and high year values of temperature, negatively affected the oil content and the oleic acid percentage. Information derived from this work will help to direct the selection of cultivars with the highest global fitness averaged over the environments rather than the highest fitness in each environment separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mousavi
- CNR - Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean, 06128, Perugia, Italy
- CNR - Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Milad El Riachy
- LARI - Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute Tal Amara, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Roberto Mariotti
- CNR - Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariela Torres
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan (EEA INTA San Juan), and CONICET. Ing. Marcos Zalazar (Calle 11) y Vidart. Villa Aberastain, Pocito, 5427, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Pierluigi Pierantozzi
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan (EEA INTA San Juan), and CONICET. Ing. Marcos Zalazar (Calle 11) y Vidart. Villa Aberastain, Pocito, 5427, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Vitale Stanzione
- CNR - Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valerio Mastio
- CNR - Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Hayat Zaher
- INRA - CRRA, Marrakech-Safi, BP 533, Marrakech, Morocco
| | | | - Salam Ayoub
- National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Baqa, 19381, Jordan
| | - Faten Dandachi
- LARI - Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute Tal Amara, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Hiyam Youssef
- LARI - Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute Tal Amara, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Nikolas Aggelou
- MAICh - Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, 73100, Chania-Crete, Greece
| | - Cibeles Contreras
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan (EEA INTA San Juan), and CONICET. Ing. Marcos Zalazar (Calle 11) y Vidart. Villa Aberastain, Pocito, 5427, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Damián Maestri
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV, CONICET-UNC). Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Marina Bufacchi
- CNR - Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems of the Mediterranean, 06128, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luciana Baldoni
- CNR - Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leon
- IFAPA - Centro Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
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Huang Y, Xiao L, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Wang Z, Huang C, Huang R, Luan Y, Fan T, Wang J, Shen C, Zhang S, Wang X, Randall J, Zheng B, Wu J, Zhang Q, Xia G, Xu C, Chen M, Zhang L, Jiang W, Gao L, Chen Z, Leslie CA, Grauke LJ, Huang J. The genomes of pecan and Chinese hickory provide insights into Carya evolution and nut nutrition. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz036. [PMID: 31049561 PMCID: PMC6497033 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and Chinese hickory (C. cathayensis) are important commercially cultivated nut trees in the genus Carya (Juglandaceae), with high nutritional value and substantial health benefits. RESULTS We obtained >187.22 and 178.87 gigabases of sequence, and ∼288× and 248× genome coverage, to a pecan cultivar ("Pawnee") and a domesticated Chinese hickory landrace (ZAFU-1), respectively. The total assembly size is 651.31 megabases (Mb) for pecan and 706.43 Mb for Chinese hickory. Two genome duplication events before the divergence from walnut were found in these species. Gene family analysis highlighted key genes in biotic and abiotic tolerance, oil, polyphenols, essential amino acids, and B vitamins. Further analyses of reduced-coverage genome sequences of 16 Carya and 2 Juglans species provide additional phylogenetic perspective on crop wild relatives. CONCLUSIONS Cooperative characterization of these valuable resources provides a window to their evolutionary development and a valuable foundation for future crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lihong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhongren Zhang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, No. 38 Xueqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ren Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yumeng Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tongqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shenmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinwang Wang
- Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77979, USA
| | - Jennifer Randall
- College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, 3BE Skeen Hall, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guohua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chuanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Rd., Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, No. 38 Xueqing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lizhi Gao
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 132 Lanhei Rd., Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhiduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100093, China
| | - Charles A Leslie
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L J Grauke
- Pecan Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10200 FM 50, Somerville, TX 77979, USA
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, No. 666 Wusu St., Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Menard GN, Bryant FM, Kelly AA, Craddock CP, Lavagi I, Hassani-Pak K, Kurup S, Eastmond PJ. Natural variation in acyl editing is a determinant of seed storage oil composition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17346. [PMID: 30478395 PMCID: PMC6255774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeds exhibit wide variation in the fatty acid composition of their storage oil. However, the genetic basis of this variation is only partially understood. Here we have used a multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population to study the genetic control of fatty acid chain length in Arabidopsis thaliana seed oil. We mapped four quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the quantity of the major very long chain fatty acid species 11-eicosenoic acid (20:1), using multiple QTL modelling. Surprisingly, the main-effect QTL does not coincide with FATTY ACID ELONGASE 1 and a parallel genome wide association study suggested that LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE ACYLTRANSFERASE 2 (LPCAT2) is a candidate for this QTL. Regression analysis also suggested that LPCAT2 expression and 20:1 content in seeds of the 19 MAGIC founder accessions are related. LPCAT is a key component of the Lands cycle; an acyl editing pathway that enables acyl-exchange between the acyl-Coenzyme A and phosphatidylcholine precursor pools used for microsomal fatty acid elongation and desaturation, respectively. We Mendelianised the main-effect QTL using biparental chromosome segment substitution lines and carried out complementation tests to show that a single cis-acting polymorphism in the LPCAT2 promoter causes the variation in seed 20:1 content, by altering the LPCAT2 expression level and total LPCAT activity in developing siliques. Our work establishes that oilseed species exhibit natural variation in the enzymic capacity for acyl editing and this contributes to the genetic control of storage oil composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume N Menard
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Bryant
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Amélie A Kelly
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian P Craddock
- Mt. San Jacinto College, Menifee Valley Campus, 28237 La Piedra Road, Menifee, CA, 92584, USA
| | - Irene Lavagi
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Keywan Hassani-Pak
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Smita Kurup
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Peter J Eastmond
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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9
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Dutta S, Kumar D, Jha S, Prabhu KV, Kumar M, Mukhopadhyay K. Identification and molecular characterization of a trans-acting small interfering RNA producing locus regulating leaf rust responsive gene expression in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTA 2017; 246:939-957. [PMID: 28710588 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel leaf rust responsive ta-siRNA-producing locus was identified in wheat showing similarity to 28S rRNA and generated four differentially expressing ta-siRNAs by phasing which targeted stress responsive genes. Trans-acting-small interfering RNAs (Ta-siRNAs) are plant specific molecules generally involved in development and are also stress responsive. Ta-siRNAs identified in wheat till date are all responsive to abiotic stress only. Wheat cultivation is severely affected by rusts and leaf rust particularly affects grain filling. This study reports a novel ta-siRNA producing locus (TAS) in wheat which is a segment of 28S ribosomal RNA but shows differential expression during leaf rust infestation. Four small RNA libraries prepared from wheat Near Isogenic Lines were treated with leaf rust pathogen and compared with untreated controls. A TAS with the ability to generate four ta-siRNAs by phasing events was identified along with the microRNA TamiR16 as the phase initiator. The targets of the ta-siRNAs included α-gliadin, leucine rich repeat, trans-membrane proteins, glutathione-S-transferase, and fatty acid desaturase among others, which are either stress responsive genes or are essential for normal growth and development of plants. Expression of the TAS, its generated ta-siRNAs, and their target genes were profiled at five different time points after pathogen inoculation of susceptible and resistant wheat isolines and compared with mock-inoculated controls. Comparative analysis of expression unveiled differential and reciprocal relationship as well as discrete patterns between susceptible and resistant isolines. The expression profiles of the target genes of the identified ta-siRNAs advocate more towards effector triggered susceptibility favouring pathogenesis. The study helps in discerning the functions of wheat genes regulated by ta-siRNAs in response to leaf rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summi Dutta
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
- Department of Botany, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, 124507, India
| | - Shailendra Jha
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kumble Vinod Prabhu
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Kunal Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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10
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Menard GN, Moreno JM, Bryant FM, Munoz-Azcarate O, Kelly AA, Hassani-Pak K, Kurup S, Eastmond PJ. Genome Wide Analysis of Fatty Acid Desaturation and Its Response to Temperature. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1594-1605. [PMID: 28108698 PMCID: PMC5338679 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants modify the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of their membrane and storage lipids in order to adapt to changes in temperature. In developing seeds, this response is largely controlled by the activities of the microsomal ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acid desaturases, FAD2 and FAD3. Although temperature regulation of desaturation has been studied at the molecular and biochemical levels, the genetic control of this trait is poorly understood. Here, we have characterized the response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed lipids to variation in ambient temperature and found that heat inhibits both ω-6 and ω-3 desaturation in phosphatidylcholine, leading to a proportional change in triacylglycerol composition. Analysis of the 19 parental accessions of the multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population showed that significant natural variation exists in the temperature responsiveness of ω-6 desaturation. A combination of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using the MAGIC population suggests that ω-6 desaturation is largely controlled by cis-acting sequence variants in the FAD2 5' untranslated region intron that determine the expression level of the gene. However, the temperature responsiveness of ω-6 desaturation is controlled by a separate QTL on chromosome 2. The identity of this locus is unknown, but genome-wide association studies identified potentially causal sequence variants within ∼40 genes in an ∼450-kb region of the QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume N Menard
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.N.M., J.M.M., F.M.B., O.M.-A., K.H.-P., S.K., P.J.E.); and
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.A.K.)
| | - Jose Martin Moreno
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.N.M., J.M.M., F.M.B., O.M.-A., K.H.-P., S.K., P.J.E.); and
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.A.K.)
| | - Fiona M Bryant
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.N.M., J.M.M., F.M.B., O.M.-A., K.H.-P., S.K., P.J.E.); and
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.A.K.)
| | - Olaya Munoz-Azcarate
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.N.M., J.M.M., F.M.B., O.M.-A., K.H.-P., S.K., P.J.E.); and
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.A.K.)
| | - Amélie A Kelly
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.N.M., J.M.M., F.M.B., O.M.-A., K.H.-P., S.K., P.J.E.); and
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.A.K.)
| | - Keywan Hassani-Pak
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.N.M., J.M.M., F.M.B., O.M.-A., K.H.-P., S.K., P.J.E.); and
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.A.K.)
| | - Smita Kurup
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.N.M., J.M.M., F.M.B., O.M.-A., K.H.-P., S.K., P.J.E.); and
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.A.K.)
| | - Peter J Eastmond
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom (G.N.M., J.M.M., F.M.B., O.M.-A., K.H.-P., S.K., P.J.E.); and
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom (A.A.K.)
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Major effects of glucosinolates and minor effects of erucic acid on predation of Brassica seeds by mice. Basic Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sanyal A, Decocq G. Adaptive evolution of seed oil content in angiosperms: accounting for the global patterns of seed oils. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:187. [PMID: 27613109 PMCID: PMC5017040 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of the biogeographic distribution of seed oil content in plants are fundamental to understanding the mechanisms of adaptive evolution in plants as seed oil is the primary energy source needed for germination and establishment of plants. However, seed oil content as an adaptive trait in plants is poorly understood. Here, we examine the adaptive nature of seed oil content in 168 angiosperm families occurring in different biomes across the world. We also explore the role of multiple seed traits like seed oil content and composition in plant adaptation in a phylogenetic and nonphylogenetic context. Result It was observed that the seed oil content in tropical plants (28.4 %) was significantly higher than the temperate plants (24.6 %). A significant relationship between oil content and latitude was observed in three families Papaveraceae, Sapindaceae and Sapotaceae indicating that selective forces correlated with latitude influence seed oil content. Evaluation of the response of seed oil content and composition to latitude and the correlation between seed oil content and composition showed that multiple seed traits, seed oil content and composition contribute towards plant adaptation. Investigation of the presence or absence of phylogenetic signals across 168 angiosperm families in 62 clades revealed that members of seven clades evolved to have high or low seed oil content independently as they did not share a common evolutionary path. Conclusion The study provides us an insight into the biogeographical distribution and the adaptive role of seed oil content in plants. The study indicates that multiple seed traits like seed oil content and the fatty acid composition of the seed oils determine the fitness of the plants and validate the adaptive hypothesis that seed oil quantity and quality are crucial to plant adaptation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0752-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Sanyal
- Unité "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, Amiens Cedex, FR-80037, France. .,Institute for Organismal Biology, Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden.
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Unité "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, Amiens Cedex, FR-80037, France
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Pelc SE, Linder CR. Emergence timing and fitness consequences of variation in seed oil composition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:164-71. [PMID: 25628873 PMCID: PMC4298443 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early seedling emergence can increase plant fitness under competition. Seed oil composition (the types and relative amounts of fatty acids in the oils) may play an important role in determining emergence timing and early growth rate in oilseeds. Saturated fatty acids provide more energy per carbon atom than unsaturated fatty acids but have substantially higher melting points (when chain length is held constant). This characteristic forms the basis of an adaptive hypothesis that lower melting point seeds (lower proportion of saturated fatty acids) should be favored under colder germination temperatures due to earlier germination and faster growth before photosynthesis, while at warmer germination temperatures, seeds with a higher amount of energy (higher proportion of saturated fatty acids) should be favored. To assess the effects of seed oil melting point on timing of seedling emergence and fitness, high- and low-melting point lines from a recombinant inbred cross of Arabidopsis thaliana were competed in a fully factorial experiment at warm and cold temperatures with two different density treatments. Emergence timing between these lines was not significantly different at either temperature, which aligned with warm temperature predictions, but not cold temperature predictions. Under all conditions, plants competing against high-melting point lines had lower fitness relative to those against low-melting point lines, which matched expectations for undifferentiated emergence times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Pelc
- US Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureCharleston, South Carolina, 29414
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at AustinAustin, Texas, 78712
| | - C Randal Linder
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at AustinAustin, Texas, 78712
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