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Bouabdallah S, Cianfaglione K, Azzouz M, Batiha GES, Alkhuriji AF, Al-Megrin WAI, Ben-Attia M, Eldahshan OA. Sustainable Extraction, Chemical Profile, Cytotoxic and Antileishmanial Activities In-Vitro of Some Citrus Species Leaves Essential Oils. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091163. [PMID: 36145384 PMCID: PMC9501829 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-leishmanial drugs extracted from natural sources have not been sufficiently explored in the literature. Until now, leishmaniasis treatments have been limited to synthetic and expensive drugs. This study investigated, for the first time, the anti-leishmanial efficacy of essential oils (EOs) from the leaves of Citrus species (C. sinensis, C. limon, and C. clementina). Essential oils were extracted from three species by solvent free microwave extraction (SFME); in addition, lemon oil was also isolated by hydro-distillation (HD). These were investigated using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and evaluated against Leishmania species, namely Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum, using a mitochondrial tetrazolium test (MTT) assay. The chemical compositions of Citrus limon EOs obtained by HD and SFME showed some differences. The identified peaks of C. limon (SFME) represented 93.96%, where linalool was the major peak (44.21%), followed by sabinene (14.22%) and ocimene (6.09%). While the hydro-distilled oil of C. limon contained geranial (30.08%), limonene (27.09%), and neral (22.87%) in the identified peaks (96.67%). The identified components of C. clementina leaves oil (68.54%) showed twenty-six compounds, where the predominant compound was geranial (42.40%), followed by neral (26.79%) and limonene (14.48%). However, 89.82% C. sinensis oil was identified, where the major peaks were for neral (27.52%), linalool (25.83%), and geranial (23.44%). HD oil of lemon showed the highest activity against L. major, with moderate toxicity on murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells, and possessed the best selectivity index on both Leishmanial species (SI: 3.68; 6.38), followed by C. clementina oil and C. limon using SFME (0.9 ± 0.29, 1.03 ± 0.27, and 1.13 ± 0.3), respectively. C. clementina oil induced the greatest activity on Leishmania infantum, followed by HD lemon and SFME lemon oils (0.32 ± 0.18, 0.52 ± 0.15, and 0.57 ± 0.09, respectively) when compared to Amphotericin B (0.80 ± 0.18 and 0.23 ± 0.13) as a positive control, on both species, respectively. Our study suggests a potent anti-leishmanial activity of lemon oil (HD) on L. major, followed by C. clementina. With the same potency on L. infantum shown by C. clementina oil, followed by HD lemon oil. This effect could be attributed to the major compounds of limonene, citral, and neral, as well as the synergistic effect of other different compounds. These observations could be a starting point for the building of new anti-leishmanial drugs from natural origins, and which combine different EOs containing Citrus cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Bouabdallah
- Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory LBE (LR01/ES14), Faculty of Sciences Bizerta, Carthage University, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (O.A.E.)
| | | | - Myriam Azzouz
- Department of Mathematics Computer Science, Paris Dauphine University, F-75016 Paris, France
- Multiverse Computing 170, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Afrah Fahad Alkhuriji
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Abdullah I. Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mossadok Ben-Attia
- Environmental Biomonitoring Laboratory LBE (LR01/ES14), Faculty of Sciences Bizerta, Carthage University, Zarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Omayma A. Eldahshan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (O.A.E.)
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Stephan OOH. Implications of ionizing radiation on pollen performance in comparison with diverse models of polar cell growth. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:665-691. [PMID: 33124689 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research concerning the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on plant systems is essential for numerous aspects of human society, as for instance, in terms of agriculture and plant breeding, but additionally for elucidating consequences of radioactive contamination of the ecosphere. This comprehensive survey analyses effects of x- and γ-irradiation on male gametophytes comprising primarily in vitro but also in vivo data of diverse plant species. The IR-dose range for pollen performance was compiled and 50% inhibition doses (ID50 ) for germination and tube growth were comparatively related to physiological characteristics of the microgametophyte. Factors influencing IR-susceptibility of mature pollen and polarized tube growth were evaluated, such as dose-rate, environmental conditions, or species-related variations. In addition, all available reports suggesting bio-positive IR-effects particularly on pollen performance were examined. Most importantly, for the first time influences of IR specifically on diverse phylogenetic models of polar cell growth were comparatively analysed, and thus demonstrated that the gametophytic system of pollen is extremely resistant to IR, more than plant sporophytes and especially much more than comparable animal cells. Beyond that, this study develops hypotheses regarding a molecular basis for the extreme IR-resistance of the plant microgametophyte and highlights its unique rank among organismal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian O H Stephan
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Seguí-Simarro JM, Moreno JB, Fernández MG, Mir R. Species with Haploid or Doubled Haploid Protocols. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2287:41-103. [PMID: 34270025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1315-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we present a list of species (and few interspecific hybrids) where haploids and/or doubled haploids have been published, including the method by which they were obtained and the corresponding references. This list is an update of the compilation work of Maluszynski et al. published in 2003, including new species for which protocols were not available at that time, and also novel methodologies developed during these years. The list includes 383 different backgrounds. In this book, we present full protocols to produce DHs in 43 of the species included in this list. In addition, this book includes a chapter for one species not included in the list. This makes a total of 384 species where haploids and/or DHs have been reported up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Seguí-Simarro
- Cell Biology Group - COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | - Ricardo Mir
- Cell Biology Group - COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Díaz-Rueda P, Franco-Navarro JD, Messora R, Espartero J, Rivero-Núñez CM, Aleza P, Capote N, Cantos M, García-Fernández JL, de Cires A, Belaj A, León L, Besnard G, Colmenero-Flores JM. SILVOLIVE, a Germplasm Collection of Wild Subspecies With High Genetic Variability as a Source of Rootstocks and Resistance Genes for Olive Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:629. [PMID: 32547577 PMCID: PMC7270354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wild subspecies of Olea europaea constitute a source of genetic variability with huge potential for olive breeding to face global changes in Mediterranean-climate regions. We intend to identify wild olive genotypes with optimal adaptability to different environmental conditions to serve as a source of rootstocks and resistance genes for olive breeding. The SILVOLIVE collection includes 146 wild genotypes representative of the six O. europaea subspecies and early-generations hybrids. These genotypes came either from olive germplasm collections or from direct prospection in Spain, continental Africa and the Macaronesian archipelago. The collection was genotyped with plastid and nuclear markers, confirming the origin of the genotypes and their high genetic variability. Morphological and architectural parameters were quantified in 103 genotypes allowing the identification of three major groups of correlative traits including vigor, branching habits and the belowground-to-aboveground ratio. The occurrence of strong phenotypic variability in these traits within the germplasm collection has been shown. Furthermore, wild olive relatives are of great significance to be used as rootstocks for olive cultivation. Thus, as a proof of concept, different wild genotypes used as rootstocks were shown to regulate vigor parameters of the grafted cultivar "Picual" scion, which could improve the productivity of high-density hedgerow orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Díaz-Rueda
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Juan D. Franco-Navarro
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Rita Messora
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Dipartimento Sci Vita, Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Joaquín Espartero
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Rivero-Núñez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Spain
| | - Nieves Capote
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA) Centro Las Torres, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Cantos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Jose L. García-Fernández
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Alfonso de Cires
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Fac Biología, Univ de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Angjelina Belaj
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lorenzo León
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS-UPS-IRD, EDB, UMR 5174, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jose M. Colmenero-Flores
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
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Bissim SM, Kenmogne SB, Lobe JS, Atangana AF, Bissoue AN, Langat MK, Isyaka SM, Lateef M, Emmanuel NH, Wansi JD, Ali MS, Waffo AFK. The chemistry and biological activities of Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka (Rutaceae), a vegetatively propagated species. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4839-4842. [PMID: 32091235 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1731740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the chemistry and biological activities of a Cameroonian Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka, a vegetatively propagated species. The compounds isolated from this plant were determined to be the known 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (1), tangerine (3), nobilletin (4), 5,7,8,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (5), citracridone I (6), 5-hydroxynoracronycine (7), citracridone III (8), xanthyletin (10), suberosin (9), E-suberenol (11), E-methoxysuberenol (13), 6-formylumbelliferone (12), aurantiamide acetate (2), limonin (14), stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside. The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of their NMR spectroscopic data and comparison with published data. Methanol leaf extract and compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 10 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, urease and anti-diabetic effects. Compound 10 showed antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, urease activity and anti-diabetic activity with IC50 values of 47.3 µM, 33.5 µM, 25.2 µM and 33.9 µM respectively, values that were comparable to the respective positive standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Magloire Bissim
- Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.,H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Jules Songue Lobe
- Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Achile Nouga Bissoue
- Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Moses K Langat
- Jodrell Laboratory, Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Sani M Isyaka
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Mehreen Lateef
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Karachi, Pakistan.,Multi-Disciplinary Research Laboratory, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Jean Duplex Wansi
- Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Muhammad Shaiq Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Garavello M, Cuenca J, Dreissig S, Fuchs J, Navarro L, Houben A, Aleza P. Analysis of Crossover Events and Allele Segregation Distortion in Interspecific Citrus Hybrids by Single Pollen Genotyping. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:615. [PMID: 32523591 PMCID: PMC7261893 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In citrus, a classical method of studying crossovers and segregation distortion (SD) is the genetic analysis of progenies. A new strategy combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting and whole genome amplification of haploid pollen nuclei with a large set of molecular markers, offers the opportunity to efficiently determine the frequency of crossovers and the identification of SD without the need to generate segregating populations. Here we have analyzed meiotic crossover events in a pollen nuclei population from "Eureka" lemon and the allelic SD was evaluated in a pollen nuclei population from a clementine × sweet orange hybrid ("CSO"). Data obtained from the "CSO" pollen nuclei population were compared to those obtained from genotyping of a segregating population ("RTSO") arising from a hand-made sexual hybridization between diploid non apomictic selected tangor (mandarin × sweet orange; "RTO" tangor) as female parent pollinated with "CSO" tangor as male parent. The analysis of crossovers rates on chromosome 1 revealed the presence of up to five crossovers events on one arm and four on the corresponding other arm, with an average of 1.97 crossovers per chromosome while no crossover events were observed in five "Eureka" lemon pollen nuclei. The rate of SD observed in "CSO" pollen nuclei (13.8%) was slightly lower than that recovered in the "RTSO" population (20.7%). In the pollen nuclei population, SD was found on linkage group (LG) 2, while the "RTSO" population showed SD on LGs 2 and 7. Potential male gametic selection mechanisms were distinguished in pollen grains, while in the population, mechanisms of gametophytic selection and/or zygotic selection were observed. This methodology is a very useful tool to facilitate research focused on the reproductive biology of citrus and study the mechanisms that affect crossovers and SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garavello
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
- Concordia Agricultural Experiment Station, National Agricultural Technology Institute, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - José Cuenca
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Steven Dreissig
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Luis Navarro
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andreas Houben
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pablo Aleza,
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7
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Deng H, Xiang S, Guo Q, Jin W, Cai Z, Liang G. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of genome-specific repetitive elements in Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan. and its taxonomic implications. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:77. [PMID: 30770721 PMCID: PMC6377768 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) is one of the most famous and widely grown citrus cultivars worldwide. Variations in relation to the composition and distribution of repetitive DNA sequences that dominate greatly in eukaryote genomes are considered to be species-, genome-, or even chromosome-specific. Repetitive DNA-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool for molecular cytogenetic study. However, to date few studies have involved in the repetitive elements and cytogenetic karyotype of Clementine. RESULTS A graph-based similarity sequence read clustering methodology was performed to analyze the repetitive DNA families in the Clementine genome. The bioinformatics analysis showed that repetitive DNAs constitute 41.95% of the Clementine genome, and the majority of repetitive elements are retrotransposons and satellite DNAs. Sequential multicolor FISH using a probe mix that contained CL17, four satellite DNAs, two rDNAs and an oligonucleotide of (TTTAGGG)3 was performed with Clementine somatic metaphase chromosomes. An integrated karyotype of Clementine was established based on unequivocal and reproducible chromosome discriminations. The distribution patterns of these probes in several Citrus, Poncirus and Fortunella species were summarized through extensive FISH analyses. Polymorphism and heterozygosity were commonly observed in the three genera. Some asymmetrical FISH loci in Clementine were in agreement with its hybrid origin. CONCLUSIONS The composition and abundance of repetitive elements in the Clementine genome were reanalyzed. Multicolor FISH-based karyotyping provided direct visual proof of the heterozygous nature of Clementine chromosomes with conspicuous asymmetrical FISH hybridization signals. We detected some similar and variable distribution patterns of repetitive DNAs in Citrus, Poncirus, and Fortunella, which revealed notable conservation among these genera, as well as obvious polymorphism and heterozygosity, indicating the potential utility of these repetitive element markers for the study of taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Suqiong Xiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Qigao Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Zexi Cai
- National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Guolu Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
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Garavello M, Cuenca J, Dreissig S, Fuchs J, Houben A, Aleza P. Assessing Ploidy Level Analysis and Single Pollen Genotyping of Diploid and Euploid Citrus Genotypes by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting and Whole-Genome Amplification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1174. [PMID: 31611896 PMCID: PMC6769063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is widely used to determine genome size and ploidy level in plants. This technique, when coupled with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), whole genome amplification and genotyping (WGA), opens up new opportunities for genetic studies of individualized nuclei. This strategy was used to analyze the genetic composition of single pollen nuclei of different citrus species. The flow cytometry and microscope observations allowed us to differentiate the populations of pollen nuclei present in the diploid and euploid genotypes analyzed, showing that citrus has binuclear pollen. We have identified in the "CSO" tangor an additional nuclei population composed by the vegetative plus generative nuclei. Genotyping of this nuclei population revealed that vegetative and generative nuclei show the same genetic configuration. In addition, we have demonstrated the presence of unreduced gametes in the diploid genotype "Mexican lime." Genomic amplification is a robust method for haploid nuclei genotyping with several molecular markers, whereas in diploid nuclei using heterozygous markers showed a bias towards one of the two alleles, limiting the use of this tool in this type of nuclei. We further discuss the importance and applications of single pollen genotyping in citrus genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garavello
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
- INTA, Concordia Agricultural Experiment Station, Concordia, Argentina
| | - José Cuenca
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Steven Dreissig
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Jörg Fuchs
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Andreas Houben
- Department of Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pablo Aleza,
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9
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Goldenberg L, Yaniv Y, Porat R, Carmi N. Mandarin fruit quality: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018. [PMID: 28631804 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, there has been a continuous rise in consumption and global marketing of fresh, easy-to-peel mandarins, with current annual production of nearly 29 million tons. Nevertheless, most of the existing knowledge on quality traits of citrus fruit comes from research conducted on oranges and grapefruit, which are the main products for the citrus juice manufacturing industry; relatively little is yet known regarding the unique fruit quality traits of mandarins, nor about the great diversity in these traits among the various natural sub-groups and varieties of mandarins. In the present review we discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular factors governing key fruit quality attributes of mandarins, including fruit colour, size and shape, ease of peeling, seedlessness, flavour, and nutritional quality. Fruit colour, size, and shape contribute to external appearance; peelability and seedlessness to ease of consumption; and flavour and nutritional quality to internal quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Goldenberg
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yossi Yaniv
- Department of Fruit Tree Crops, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ron Porat
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Department of Fruit Tree Crops, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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KUNDU M, DUBEY A, SRIVASTAV M, MALIK S. Induction of haploid plants in citrus through gamma-irradiated pollen and ascertainment of ovule age for maximum recovery of haploid plantlets. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1606-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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11
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Blasco M, Badenes ML, del Mar Naval M. Induced parthenogenesis by gamma-irradiated pollen in loquat for haploid production. BREEDING SCIENCE 2016; 66:606-612. [PMID: 27795686 PMCID: PMC5010307 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.16021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful haploid induction in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) through in situ-induced parthenogenesis with gamma-ray irradiated pollen has been achieved. Female flowers of cultivar 'Algerie' were pollinated using pollen of cultivars 'Changhong-3', 'Cox' and 'Saval Brasil' irradiated with two doses of gamma rays, 150 and 300 Gy. The fruits were harvested 90, 105 and 120 days after pollination (dap). Four haploid plants were obtained from 'Algerie' pollinated with 300-Gy-treated pollen of 'Saval Brasil' from fruits harvested 105 dap. Haploidy was confirmed by flow cytometry and chromosome count. The haploids showed a very weak development compared to the diploid plants. This result suggests that irradiated pollen can be used to obtain parthenogenetic haploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Blasco
- Fruit Tree Breeding Department, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA),
Apartado Oficial, 46113, Moncada, Valencia,
Spain
| | - María Luisa Badenes
- Fruit Tree Breeding Department, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA),
Apartado Oficial, 46113, Moncada, Valencia,
Spain
| | - María del Mar Naval
- Fruit Tree Breeding Department, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA),
Apartado Oficial, 46113, Moncada, Valencia,
Spain
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12
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Goldenberg L, Yaniv Y, Doron-Faigenboim A, Carmi N, Porat R. Diversity among mandarin varieties and natural sub-groups in aroma volatiles compositions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:57-65. [PMID: 25824867 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandarins constitute a large, diverse and important group within the Citrus family. Here, we analysed the aroma volatiles compositions of 13 mandarin varieties belonging to seven genetically different natural sub-groups that included common mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), clementine (C. clementina Hort. ex. Tan), satsuma (C. unshiu Marcovitch), Mediterranean mandarin (C. deliciosa Tenore), King mandarin (C. nobilis Loureiro), and mandarin hybrids, such as tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) and tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi). RESULTS We found that mandarin varieties among tangors ('Temple', 'Ortanique'), tangelos ('Orlando', 'Minneola') and King ('King') had more volatiles, at higher levels, and were richer in sesquiterpene and ester volatiles, than other varieties belonging to the sub-groups common mandarin ('Ora', 'Ponkan'), clementine ('Oroval', 'Caffin'), satsuma ('Okitsu', 'Owari') and Mediterranean mandarin ('Avana', 'Yusuf Efendi'). Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis accurately differentiated between mandarin varieties and natural sub-groups according to their aroma-volatile profiles. CONCLUSIONS Although we found wide differences in aroma-volatiles compositions among varieties belonging to different natural sub-groups, we detected only minor differences among varieties within any natural sub-group. These findings suggest that selecting appropriate parents would enable manipulation of aroma-volatile compositions in future mandarin breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Goldenberg
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yossi Yaniv
- Department of Fruit Tree Crops, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Fruit Tree Crops, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Department of Fruit Tree Crops, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Ron Porat
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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Omura M, Shimada T. Citrus breeding, genetics and genomics in Japan. BREEDING SCIENCE 2016; 66:3-17. [PMID: 27069387 PMCID: PMC4780800 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.66.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is one of the most cultivated fruits in the world, and satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is a major cultivated citrus in Japan. Many excellent cultivars derived from satsuma mandarin have been released through the improvement of mandarins using a conventional breeding method. The citrus breeding program is a lengthy process owing to the long juvenility, and it is predicted that marker-assisted selection (MAS) will overcome the obstacle and improve the efficiency of conventional breeding methods. To promote citrus molecular breeding in Japan, a genetic mapping was initiated in 1987, and the experimental tools and resources necessary for citrus functional genomics have been developed in relation to the physiological analysis of satsuma mandarin. In this paper, we review the progress of citrus breeding and genome researches in Japan and report the studies on genetic mapping, expression sequence tag cataloguing, and molecular characterization of breeding characteristics, mainly in terms of the metabolism of bio-functional substances as well as factors relating to, for example, fruit quality, disease resistance, polyembryony, and flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Omura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University,
836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529,
Japan
| | - Takehiko Shimada
- Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science,
485-6 Okitsunakacho, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292,
Japan
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14
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Aleza P, Cuenca J, Hernández M, Juárez J, Navarro L, Ollitrault P. Genetic mapping of centromeres in the nine Citrus clementina chromosomes using half-tetrad analysis and recombination patterns in unreduced and haploid gametes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:80. [PMID: 25848689 PMCID: PMC4367916 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mapping centromere locations in plant species provides essential information for the analysis of genetic structures and population dynamics. The centromere's position affects the distribution of crossovers along a chromosome and the parental heterozygosity restitution by 2n gametes is a direct function of the genetic distance to the centromere. Sexual polyploidisation is relatively frequent in Citrus species and is widely used to develop new seedless triploid cultivars. The study's objectives were to (i) map the positions of the centromeres of the nine Citrus clementina chromosomes; (ii) analyse the crossover interference in unreduced gametes; and (iii) establish the pattern of genetic recombination in haploid clementine gametes along each chromosome and its relationship with the centromere location and distribution of genic sequences. RESULTS Triploid progenies were derived from unreduced megagametophytes produced by second-division restitution. Centromere positions were mapped genetically for all linkage groups using half-tetrad analysis. Inference of the physical locations of centromeres revealed one acrocentric, four metacentric and four submetacentric chromosomes. Crossover interference was observed in unreduced gametes, with variation seen between chromosome arms. For haploid gametes, a strong decrease in the recombination rate occurred in centromeric and pericentromeric regions, which contained a low density of genic sequences. In chromosomes VIII and IX, these low recombination rates extended beyond the pericentromeric regions. The genomic region corresponding to a genetic distance < 5cM from a centromere represented 47% of the genome and 23% of the genic sequences. CONCLUSIONS The centromere positions of the nine citrus chromosomes were genetically mapped. Their physical locations, inferred from the genetic ones, were consistent with the sequence constitution and recombination pattern along each chromosome. However, regions with low recombination rates extended beyond the pericentromeric regions of some chromosomes into areas richer in genic sequences. The persistence of strong linkage disequilibrium between large numbers of genes promotes the stability of epistatic interactions and multilocus-controlled traits over successive generations but also maintains multi-trait associations. Identification of the centromere positions will allow the development of simple methods to analyse unreduced gamete formation mechanisms in a large range of genotypes and further modelling of genetic inheritance in sexual polyploidisation breeding schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Aleza
- />Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - José Cuenca
- />Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - María Hernández
- />Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - José Juárez
- />Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Luis Navarro
- />Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- />Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Moncada, Valencia Spain
- />CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis - TA A-75/02 F‐34398, Montpellier, France
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15
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Goldenberg L, Yaniv Y, Kaplunov T, Doron-Faigenboim A, Carmi N, Porat R. Diversity in Sensory Quality and Determining Factors Influencing Mandarin Flavor Liking. J Food Sci 2015; 80:S418-25. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Goldenberg
- Dept. of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce; ARO, the Volcani Center; P.O. Box 6 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel
- Faculty of Agricultural; Food and Environmental Quality Sciences; The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yossi Yaniv
- Dept. of Fruit Tree Crops; ARO, the Volcani Center; P.O. Box 6 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel
| | - Tatiana Kaplunov
- Dept. of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce; ARO, the Volcani Center; P.O. Box 6 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Dept. of Fruit Tree Crops; ARO, the Volcani Center; P.O. Box 6 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Dept. of Fruit Tree Crops; ARO, the Volcani Center; P.O. Box 6 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel
| | - Ron Porat
- Dept. of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce; ARO, the Volcani Center; P.O. Box 6 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel
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16
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Wu GA, Prochnik S, Jenkins J, Salse J, Hellsten U, Murat F, Perrier X, Ruiz M, Scalabrin S, Terol J, Takita MA, Labadie K, Poulain J, Couloux A, Jabbari K, Cattonaro F, Del Fabbro C, Pinosio S, Zuccolo A, Chapman J, Grimwood J, Tadeo FR, Estornell LH, Muñoz-Sanz JV, Ibanez V, Herrero-Ortega A, Aleza P, Pérez-Pérez J, Ramón D, Brunel D, Luro F, Chen C, Farmerie WG, Desany B, Kodira C, Mohiuddin M, Harkins T, Fredrikson K, Burns P, Lomsadze A, Borodovsky M, Reforgiato G, Freitas-Astúa J, Quetier F, Navarro L, Roose M, Wincker P, Schmutz J, Morgante M, Machado MA, Talon M, Jaillon O, Ollitrault P, Gmitter F, Rokhsar D. Sequencing of diverse mandarin, pummelo and orange genomes reveals complex history of admixture during citrus domestication. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:656-62. [PMID: 24908277 PMCID: PMC4113729 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated citrus are selections from, or hybrids of, wild progenitor species whose identities and contributions to citrus domestication remain controversial. Here we sequence and compare citrus genomes--a high-quality reference haploid clementine genome and mandarin, pummelo, sweet-orange and sour-orange genomes--and show that cultivated types derive from two progenitor species. Although cultivated pummelos represent selections from one progenitor species, Citrus maxima, cultivated mandarins are introgressions of C. maxima into the ancestral mandarin species Citrus reticulata. The most widely cultivated citrus, sweet orange, is the offspring of previously admixed individuals, but sour orange is an F1 hybrid of pure C. maxima and C. reticulata parents, thus implying that wild mandarins were part of the early breeding germplasm. A Chinese wild 'mandarin' diverges substantially from C. reticulata, thus suggesting the possibility of other unrecognized wild citrus species. Understanding citrus phylogeny through genome analysis clarifies taxonomic relationships and facilitates sequence-directed genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Albert Wu
- US-Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Simon Prochnik
- US-Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jerome Salse
- INRA/UBP UMR 1095 GDEC, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Uffe Hellsten
- US-Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Terol
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Karine Labadie
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | - Julie Poulain
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | - Arnaud Couloux
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | - Kamel Jabbari
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Zuccolo
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jarrod Chapman
- US-Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Francisco R. Tadeo
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Leandro H. Estornell
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan V. Muñoz-Sanz
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Ibanez
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Herrero-Ortega
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología-IVIA, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Dominique Brunel
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
- INRA, US EPGV_1279, Evry, France
| | | | - Chunxian Chen
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - William G. Farmerie
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian Desany
- 454 Life Sciences, A Roche Company, 15 Commercial Street, Branford CT, USA
| | - Chinnappa Kodira
- 454 Life Sciences, A Roche Company, 15 Commercial Street, Branford CT, USA
| | - Mohammed Mohiuddin
- 454 Life Sciences, A Roche Company, 15 Commercial Street, Branford CT, USA
| | - Tim Harkins
- 454 Life Sciences, A Roche Company, 15 Commercial Street, Branford CT, USA
| | - Karin Fredrikson
- 454 Life Sciences, A Roche Company, 15 Commercial Street, Branford CT, USA
| | - Paul Burns
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Computational Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandre Lomsadze
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Computational Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark Borodovsky
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Computational Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Giuseppe Reforgiato
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (CRA-ACM), Acireale, Italy
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruits, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Francis Quetier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
- Département de Biologie, Université d’Evry, Evry, France
| | - Luis Navarro
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología-IVIA, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mikeal Roose
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
- Département de Biologie, Université d’Evry, Evry, France
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evry, France
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Biotechnology Institute, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Michele Morgante
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata, Udine, Italy
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genomica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Olivier Jaillon
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, Evry, France
- Département de Biologie, Université d’Evry, Evry, France
- Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evry, France
| | | | - Frederick Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Rokhsar
- US-Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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17
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Soukupova M, Nevrtalova E, Cížková J, Vogel I, Cegan R, Hobza R, Vyskot B. The X chromosome is necessary for somatic development in the dioecious Silene latifolia: cytogenetic and molecular evidence and sequencing of a haploid genome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2014; 143:96-103. [PMID: 24993893 DOI: 10.1159/000363431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silene latifolia (or white campion) possesses a well-established sex determination system with a dominant Y chromosome in males (the mammalian type). The heteromorphic sex chromosomes X and Y in S. latifolia largely stopped recombination; thus, we can expect a gradual genetic degeneration of the Y chromosome. It is well proven that neither diploid nor polyploid S. latifolia sporophytes can survive without at least one X, so the only life stage possessing the Y as the sole sex chromosome is the male gametophyte (pollen tube), while the female gametophyte seems to be X-dependent. Previous studies on anther-derived plants of this species showed that the obtained plants (largely haploid or dihaploid) were phenotypically and cytologically female. In this paper, we provide molecular evidence for the inviability of plants lacking the X chromosome. Using sex-specific PCR primers, we show that all plantlets and plants derived from anther cultures are female. In studying anther-derived diploid females by sequencing of X-linked markers, we demonstrate that these plants are really homozygous dihaploids. A haploid regenerant plant was sequenced (8× genome coverage) using Illumina technology. Genome data are disposable in the EMBL database as a standard for full genome and X chromosome assembly in this model species. Homozygous dihaploids were back-crossed with males to yield a progeny useful for the study of the evolution of the Y chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Soukupova
- Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Goldenberg L, Yaniv Y, Kaplunov T, Doron-Faigenboim A, Porat R, Carmi N. Genetic diversity among mandarins in fruit-quality traits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4938-4946. [PMID: 24828369 DOI: 10.1021/jf5002414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A detailed phenotypic analysis of fruit-quality traits was conducted among 46 mandarin varieties within the Israeli Citrus breeding collection, belonging to genetically different natural subgroups, including common mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), clementine (C. clementina Hort. ex. Tan), satsuma (C. unshiu Marcovitch), Mediterranean mandarin (C. deliciosa Tenore), King mandarin (C. nobilis Loureiro), and mandarin hybrids, such as tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) and tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi). Evaluated qualities included physical attributes (size, shape, color, peel thickness, and seed number); physiological properties (ripening period, peelability, and segmentation); nutritional and biochemical composition (vitamin C, phenol, flavonoid, and carotenoid contents and total antioxidant activity); and sensory attributes (total soluble solids and acid levels, flavor preference, sweetness, sourness, and fruitiness). The results indicated wide genetic variability in fruit-quality traits among mandarin varieties and natural subgroups, and statistical and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed multiple correlations among attributes. Such phenomic analysis is an obligatory requirement for identification of molecular markers for distinct fruit-quality traits and for selection of appropriate parents for future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Goldenberg
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, Volcani Center , P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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19
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Germana MA, Aleza P, Carrera E, Chen C, Chiancone B, Costantino G, Dambier D, Deng X, Federici CT, Froelicher Y, Guo W, Ibáñez V, Juárez J, Kwok K, Luro F, Machado MA, Naranjo MA, Navarro L, Ollitrault P, Ríos G, Roose ML, Talon M, Xu Q, Gmitter FG. Cytological and molecular characterization of three gametoclones of Citrus clementina. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:129. [PMID: 24020638 PMCID: PMC3847870 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three gametoclonal plants of Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., cv. Nules, designated ESP, FRA, and ITA (derived from three labs in Spain, France, and Italy, respectively), were selected for cytological and molecular characterization in order to elucidate genomic rearrangements provoked by haploidization. The study included comparisons of their ploidy, homozygosity, genome integrity, and gene dosage, using chromosome counting, flow cytometry, SSR marker genotyping, and array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (array-CGH). RESULTS Chromosome counting and flow cytometry revealed that ESP and FRA were haploid, but ITA was tri-haploid. Homozygous patterns, represented by a single peak (allele), were observed among the three plants at almost all SSR loci distributed across the entire diploid donor genome. Those few loci with extra peaks visualized as output from automated sequencing runs, generally low or ambiguous, might result from amplicons of paralogous members at the locus, non-specific sites, or unexpected recombinant alleles. No new alleles were found, suggesting the genomes remained stable and intact during gametogenesis and regeneration. The integrity of the haploid genome also was supported by array-CGH studies, in which genomic profiles were comparable to the diploid control. CONCLUSIONS The presence of few gene hybridization abnormalities, corroborated by gene dosage measurements, were hypothetically due to the segregation of hemizygous alleles and minor genomic rearrangements occurring during the haploidization procedure. In conclusion, these plants that are valuable genetic and breeding materials contain completely homozygous and essentially intact genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Germana
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Viale delle Scienze, 11, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Pablo Aleza
- IVIA, Centro de Proteccion Vegetal y Biotecnologia, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Chunxian Chen
- University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
- USDA-ARS, Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Byron, GA, USA
| | - Benedetta Chiancone
- Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Viale delle Scienze, 11, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | | | - Dominique Dambier
- CIRAD, Département “Systèmes Biologiques” Unité de Recherche ‘Multiplication Végétative’ Montpellier, Paris, France
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Claire T Federici
- University of California, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yann Froelicher
- CIRAD, Département “Systèmes Biologiques” Unité de Recherche ‘Multiplication Végétative’ Montpellier, Paris, France
| | - Wenwu Guo
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - José Juárez
- IVIA, Centro de Proteccion Vegetal y Biotecnologia, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kevin Kwok
- University of California, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Marcos A Machado
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Navarro
- IVIA, Centro de Proteccion Vegetal y Biotecnologia, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- CIRAD, Département “Systèmes Biologiques” Unité de Recherche ‘Multiplication Végétative’ Montpellier, Paris, France
| | - Gabino Ríos
- IVIA, Centro de Genómica, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mikeal L Roose
- University of California, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Talon
- IVIA, Centro de Genómica, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Qiang Xu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fred G Gmitter
- University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
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20
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Cuenca J, Aleza P, Navarro L, Ollitrault P. Assignment of SNP allelic configuration in polyploids using competitive allele-specific PCR: application to citrus triploid progeny. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:731-42. [PMID: 23422023 PMCID: PMC3605964 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyploidy is a major component of eukaryote evolution. Estimation of allele copy numbers for molecular markers has long been considered a challenge for polyploid species, while this process is essential for most genetic research. With the increasing availability and whole-genome coverage of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, it is essential to implement a versatile SNP genotyping method to assign allelic configuration efficiently in polyploids. SCOPE This work evaluates the usefulness of the KASPar method, based on competitive allele-specific PCR, for the assignment of SNP allelic configuration. Citrus was chosen as a model because of its economic importance, the ongoing worldwide polyploidy manipulation projects for cultivar and rootstock breeding, and the increasing availability of SNP markers. CONCLUSIONS Fifteen SNP markers were successfully designed that produced clear allele signals that were in agreement with previous genotyping results at the diploid level. The analysis of DNA mixes between two haploid lines (Clementine and pummelo) at 13 different ratios revealed a very high correlation (average = 0·9796; s.d. = 0·0094) between the allele ratio and two parameters [θ angle = tan(-1) (y/x) and y' = y/(x + y)] derived from the two normalized allele signals (x and y) provided by KASPar. Separated cluster analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) from mixed DNA simulating triploid and tetraploid hybrids provided 99·71 % correct allelic configuration. Moreover, triploid populations arising from 2n gametes and interploid crosses were easily genotyped and provided useful genetic information. This work demonstrates that the KASPar SNP genotyping technique is an efficient way to assign heterozygous allelic configurations within polyploid populations. This method is accurate, simple and cost-effective. Moreover, it may be useful for quantitative studies, such as relative allele-specific expression analysis and bulk segregant analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cuenca
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
| | - Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
| | - Luis Navarro
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail or
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
- UMR AGAP, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), TA A-108/02, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
- For correspondence. E-mail or
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Samach A. Congratulations, you have been carefully chosen to represent an important developmental regulator! ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:329-33. [PMID: 22811510 PMCID: PMC3579433 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying a process in a new species often relies on focusing our attention to a candidate gene, encoding a protein similar to one with a known function. Not all the choices seem to be prudent. SCOPE This Viewpoint includes an overview of issues that are encountered during research of candidate genes. Defining a match for a gene of interest, deciding whether variation in ESTs or RNAseq data for a certain transcript, represent more than one gene. The problem of incorrect annotation of genes due to incorrect in-silico splicing, is also mentioned. The author's humble opinion on how to deal with these issues is provided. CONCLUSIONS The vast amount of new sequence data provides us with great possibilities for giant leaps in our understanding. Still, we cannot afford to skip over the tedious steps required to confirm that we are indeed studying the correct gene, and try to be sure that the complex expression pattern we observe is not a composite of several genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Samach
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Muñoz-Fambuena N, Mesejo C, González-Mas MC, Primo-Millo E, Agustí M, Iglesias DJ. Use or abuse of bioinformatic tools: a response to Samach. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:335-336. [PMID: 23388880 PMCID: PMC3579452 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In a recent paper, we described for the first time the effects of fruit on the expression of putative homologues of genes involved in flowering pathways. It was our aim to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying alternate bearing in citrus. However, a bioinformatics-based critique of our and other related papers has been given by Samach in the preceding Viewpoint article in this issue of Annals of Botany. The use of certain bioinformatic tools in a context of structural rather than functional genomics can cast doubts about the veracity of a large amount of data published in recent years. In this response, the contentions raised by Samach are analysed, and rebuttals of his criticisms are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Fambuena
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Mesejo
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María C. González-Mas
- Departamento de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Primo-Millo
- Departamento de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Agustí
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Domingo J. Iglesias
- Departamento de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Garcia-Lor A, Curk F, Snoussi-Trifa H, Morillon R, Ancillo G, Luro F, Navarro L, Ollitrault P. A nuclear phylogenetic analysis: SNPs, indels and SSRs deliver new insights into the relationships in the 'true citrus fruit trees' group (Citrinae, Rutaceae) and the origin of cultivated species. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:1-19. [PMID: 23104641 PMCID: PMC3523644 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite differences in morphology, the genera representing 'true citrus fruit trees' are sexually compatible, and their phylogenetic relationships remain unclear. Most of the important commercial 'species' of Citrus are believed to be of interspecific origin. By studying polymorphisms of 27 nuclear genes, the average molecular differentiation between species was estimated and some phylogenetic relationships between 'true citrus fruit trees' were clarified. METHODS Sanger sequencing of PCR-amplified fragments from 18 genes involved in metabolite biosynthesis pathways and nine putative genes for salt tolerance was performed for 45 genotypes of Citrus and relatives of Citrus to mine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indel polymorphisms. Fifty nuclear simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were also analysed. KEY RESULTS A total of 16 238 kb of DNA was sequenced for each genotype, and 1097 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 50 indels were identified. These polymorphisms were more valuable than SSRs for inter-taxon differentiation. Nuclear phylogenetic analysis revealed that Citrus reticulata and Fortunella form a cluster that is differentiated from the clade that includes three other basic taxa of cultivated citrus (C. maxima, C. medica and C. micrantha). These results confirm the taxonomic subdivision between the subgenera Metacitrus and Archicitrus. A few genes displayed positive selection patterns within or between species, but most of them displayed neutral patterns. The phylogenetic inheritance patterns of the analysed genes were inferred for commercial Citrus spp. CONCLUSIONS Numerous molecular polymorphisms (SNPs and indels), which are potentially useful for the analysis of interspecific genetic structures, have been identified. The nuclear phylogenetic network for Citrus and its sexually compatible relatives was consistent with the geographical origins of these genera. The positive selection observed for a few genes will help further works to analyse the molecular basis of the variability of the associated traits. This study presents new insights into the origin of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Garcia-Lor
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
| | - Franck Curk
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
- INRA, UR1103 Génétique et Ecophysiologie de la Qualité des Agrumes, F-20230 San Giuliano, France
| | - Hager Snoussi-Trifa
- Horticultural Laboratory, Tunisian National Agronomic Research Institute (INRAT), Rue Hedi Karray, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Raphael Morillon
- UMR AGAP, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), TA A-108/02, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Gema Ancillo
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
| | - François Luro
- INRA, UR1103 Génétique et Ecophysiologie de la Qualité des Agrumes, F-20230 San Giuliano, France
| | - Luis Navarro
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail or
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain
- UMR AGAP, Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), TA A-108/02, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
- For correspondence. E-mail or
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Ollitrault P, Terol J, Chen C, Federici CT, Lotfy S, Hippolyte I, Ollitrault F, Bérard A, Chauveau A, Cuenca J, Costantino G, Kacar Y, Mu L, Garcia-Lor A, Froelicher Y, Aleza P, Boland A, Billot C, Navarro L, Luro F, Roose ML, Gmitter FG, Talon M, Brunel D. A reference genetic map of C. clementina hort. ex Tan.; citrus evolution inferences from comparative mapping. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:593. [PMID: 23126659 PMCID: PMC3546309 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most modern citrus cultivars have an interspecific origin. As a foundational step towards deciphering the interspecific genome structures, a reference whole genome sequence was produced by the International Citrus Genome Consortium from a haploid derived from Clementine mandarin. The availability of a saturated genetic map of Clementine was identified as an essential prerequisite to assist the whole genome sequence assembly. Clementine is believed to be a 'Mediterranean' mandarin × sweet orange hybrid, and sweet orange likely arose from interspecific hybridizations between mandarin and pummelo gene pools. The primary goals of the present study were to establish a Clementine reference map using codominant markers, and to perform comparative mapping of pummelo, sweet orange, and Clementine. RESULTS Five parental genetic maps were established from three segregating populations, which were genotyped with Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Insertion-Deletion (Indel) markers. An initial medium density reference map (961 markers for 1084.1 cM) of the Clementine was established by combining male and female Clementine segregation data. This Clementine map was compared with two pummelo maps and a sweet orange map. The linear order of markers was highly conserved in the different species. However, significant differences in map size were observed, which suggests a variation in the recombination rates. Skewed segregations were much higher in the male than female Clementine mapping data. The mapping data confirmed that Clementine arose from hybridization between 'Mediterranean' mandarin and sweet orange. The results identified nine recombination break points for the sweet orange gamete that contributed to the Clementine genome. CONCLUSIONS A reference genetic map of citrus, used to facilitate the chromosome assembly of the first citrus reference genome sequence, was established. The high conservation of marker order observed at the interspecific level should allow reasonable inferences of most citrus genome sequences by mapping next-generation sequencing (NGS) data in the reference genome sequence. The genome of the haploid Clementine used to establish the citrus reference genome sequence appears to have been inherited primarily from the 'Mediterranean' mandarin. The high frequency of skewed allelic segregations in the male Clementine data underline the probable extent of deviation from Mendelian segregation for characters controlled by heterozygous loci in male parents.
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25
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Ollitrault P, Terol J, Garcia-Lor A, Bérard A, Chauveau A, Froelicher Y, Belzile C, Morillon R, Navarro L, Brunel D, Talon M. SNP mining in C. clementina BAC end sequences; transferability in the Citrus genus (Rutaceae), phylogenetic inferences and perspectives for genetic mapping. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:13. [PMID: 22233093 PMCID: PMC3320530 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the increasing availability of EST databases and whole genome sequences, SNPs have become the most abundant and powerful polymorphic markers. However, SNP chip data generally suffers from ascertainment biases caused by the SNP discovery and selection process in which a small number of individuals are used as discovery panels. The ongoing International Citrus Genome Consortium sequencing project of the highly heterozygous Clementine and sweet orange genomes will soon result in the release of several hundred thousand SNPs. The primary goals of this study were: (i) to estimate the transferability within the genus Citrus of SNPs discovered from Clementine BACend sequencing (BES), (ii) to estimate bias associated with the very narrow discovery panel, and (iii) to evaluate the usefulness of the Clementine-derived SNP markers for diversity analysis and comparative mapping studies between the different cultivated Citrus species. Results Fifty-four accessions covering the main Citrus species and 52 interspecific hybrids between pummelo and Clementine were genotyped on a GoldenGate array platform using 1,457 SNPs mined from Clementine BES and 37 SNPs identified between and within C. maxima, C. medica, C. reticulata and C. micrantha. Consistent results were obtained from 622 SNP loci. Of these markers, 116 displayed incomplete transferability primarily in C. medica, C. maxima and wild Citrus species. The two primary biases associated with the SNP mining in Clementine were an overestimation of the C. reticulata diversity and an underestimation of the interspecific differentiation. However, the genetic stratification of the gene pool was high, with very frequent significant linkage disequilibrium. Furthermore, the shared intraspecific polymorphism and accession heterozygosity were generally enough to perform interspecific comparative genetic mapping. Conclusions A set of 622 SNP markers providing consistent results was selected. Of the markers mined from Clementine, 80.5% were successfully transferred to the whole Citrus gene pool. Despite the ascertainment biases in relation to the Clementine origin, the SNP data confirm the important stratification of the gene pools around C. maxima, C. medica and C. reticulata as well as previous hypothesis on the origin of secondary species. The implemented SNP marker set will be very useful for comparative genetic mapping in Citrus and genetic association in C. reticulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ollitrault
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Avenue Agropolis, TA A-108/02, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
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Doi H, Yokoi S, Hikage T, Nishihara M, Tsutsumi KI, Takahata Y. Gynogenesis in gentians (Gentiana triflora, G. scabra): production of haploids and doubled haploids. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:1099-1106. [PMID: 21305302 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Gynogenesis was investigated on gentian (Gentiana triflora, G. scabra and their hybrids), which is an important ornamental flower. When unfertilized ovules were cultured in 1/2 NLN medium containing a high concentration of sucrose (100 g/l), embryo-like structures (ELS) were induced. Although genotypic variation was observed in ELS induction, all four genotypes produced ELSs ranging from 0.93 to 0.04 ELSs per flower bud. The ovules collected from flower buds of later stages (just before anthesis or flower anthesis) tended to exhibit higher response. The dark culture condition produced more than four times as many ELSs than in 16-h light condition. A significant number of plantlets were directly regenerated from ELSs on MS regeneration medium. The ploidy levels of 179 regenerated plants were determined by flow cytometry, revealing that the majority of them were diploid (55.9%) and haploid (31.3%). When a total of 54 diploid plants were examined by molecular genetic markers, 52 (96.3%) were considered as doubled haploids (DHs). This is the first report showing successful gynogenesis in gentian. The production of haploids and DHs by unfertilized ovule culture opens a novel prospect in gentian F1 hybrid breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Doi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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Germanà MA. Gametic embryogenesis and haploid technology as valuable support to plant breeding. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:839-57. [PMID: 21431908 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant breeding is focused on continuously increasing crop production to meet the needs of an ever-growing world population, improving food quality to ensure a long and healthy life and address the problems of global warming and environment pollution, together with the challenges of developing novel sources of biofuels. The breeders' search for novel genetic combinations, with which to select plants with improved traits to satisfy both farmers and consumers, is endless. About half of the dramatic increase in crop yield obtained in the second half of the last century has been achieved thanks to the results of genetic improvement, while the residual advance has been due to the enhanced management techniques (pest and disease control, fertilization, and irrigation). Biotechnologies provide powerful tools for plant breeding, and among these ones, tissue culture, particularly haploid and doubled haploid technology, can effectively help to select superior plants. In fact, haploids (Hs), which are plants with gametophytic chromosome number, and doubled haploids (DHs), which are haploids that have undergone chromosome duplication, represent a particularly attractive biotechnological method to accelerate plant breeding. Currently, haploid technology, making possible through gametic embryogenesis the single-step development of complete homozygous lines from heterozygous parents, has already had a huge impact on agricultural systems of many agronomically important crops, representing an integral part in their improvement programmes. The aim of this review was to provide some background, recent advances, and future prospective on the employment of haploid technology through gametic embryogenesis as a powerful tool to support plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Germanà
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 11, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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Oleszczuk S, Rabiza-Swider J, Zimny J, Lukaszewski AJ. Aneuploidy among androgenic progeny of hexaploid triticale (XTriticosecale Wittmack). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:575-86. [PMID: 21170716 PMCID: PMC3057010 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Doubled haploids are an established tool in plant breeding and research. Of several methods for their production, androgenesis is technically simple and can efficiently produce substantial numbers of lines. It is well suited to such crops as hexaploid triticale. Owing to meiotic irregularities of triticale hybrids, aneuploidy may affect the efficiency of androgenesis more severely than in meiotically stable crops. This study addresses the issue of aneuploidy among androgenic regenerants of triticale. Plant morphology, seed set and seed quality were better predictors of aneuploidy, as determined cytologically, than flow cytometry. Most aneuploids were hypoploids and these included nullisomics, telosomics, and translocation lines; among 42 chromosome plants were nulli-tetrasomics. Rye chromosomes involved in aneuploidy greatly outnumbered wheat chromosomes; in C(0) rye chromosomes 2R and 5R were most frequently involved. While the frequency of nullisomy 2R was fairly constant in most cross combinations, nullisomy 5R was more frequent in the most recalcitrant combination, and its frequency increased with time spent in culture with up to 70% of green plants recovered late being nullisomic 5R. Given that 5R was not involved in meiotic aberrations with an above-average frequency, it is possible that its absence promotes androgenesis or green plant regeneration. Overall, aneuploidy among tested combinations reduced the average efficiency of double haploid production by 35% and by 69% in one recalcitrant combination, seriously reducing the yield of useful lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Oleszczuk
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Julita Rabiza-Swider
- Department of Ornamental Plants, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Zimny
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870 Blonie, Poland
| | - Adam J. Lukaszewski
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
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Katz E, Fon M, Eigenheer RA, Phinney BS, Fass JN, Lin D, Sadka A, Blumwald E. A label-free differential quantitative mass spectrometry method for the characterization and identification of protein changes during citrus fruit development. Proteome Sci 2010; 8:68. [PMID: 21162737 PMCID: PMC3017515 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-8-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Citrus is one of the most important and widely grown commodity fruit crops. In this study a label-free LC-MS/MS based shot-gun proteomics approach was taken to explore three main stages of citrus fruit development. These approaches were used to identify and evaluate changes occurring in juice sac cells in various metabolic pathways affecting citrus fruit development and quality. Results Protein changes in citrus juice sac cells were identified and quantified using label-free shotgun methodologies. Two alternative methods, differential mass-spectrometry (dMS) and spectral counting (SC) were used to analyze protein changes occurring during earlier and late stages of fruit development. Both methods were compared in order to develop a proteomics workflow that could be used in a non-model plant lacking a sequenced genome. In order to resolve the bioinformatics limitations of EST databases from species that lack a full sequenced genome, we established iCitrus. iCitrus is a comprehensive sequence database created by merging three major sources of sequences (HarvEST:citrus, NCBI/citrus/unigenes, NCBI/citrus/proteins) and improving the annotation of existing unigenes. iCitrus provided a useful bioinformatics tool for the high-throughput identification of citrus proteins. We have identified approximately 1500 citrus proteins expressed in fruit juice sac cells and quantified the changes of their expression during fruit development. Our results showed that both dMS and SC provided significant information on protein changes, with dMS providing a higher accuracy. Conclusion Our data supports the notion of the complementary use of dMS and SC for label-free comparative proteomics, broadening the identification spectrum and strengthening the identification of trends in protein expression changes during the particular processes being compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Katz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Aleza P, Juárez J, Ollitrault P, Navarro L. Polyembryony in non-apomictic citrus genotypes. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 106:533-545. [PMID: 20675656 PMCID: PMC2944972 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adventitious embryony from nucellar cells is the mechanism leading to apomixis in Citrus sp. However, singular cases of polyembryony have been reported in non-apomictic genotypes as a consequence of 2x × 4x hybridizations and in vitro culture of isolated nucelli. The origin of the plants arising from the aforementioned processes remains unclear. METHODS The genetic structure (ploidy and allelic constitution with microsatellite markers) of plants obtained from polyembryonic seeds arising from 2x × 4x sexual hybridizations and those regenerated from nucellus culture in vitro was systematically analysed in different non-apomictic citrus genotypes. Histological studies were also conducted to try to identify the initiation process underlying polyembryony. KEY RESULTS All plants obtained from the same undeveloped seed in 2x × 4x hybridizations resulted from cleavage of the original zygotic embryo. Also, the plants obtained from in vitro nucellus culture were recovered by somatic embryogenesis from cells that shared the same genotype as the zygotic embryos of the same seed. CONCLUSIONS It appears that in non-apomictic citrus genotypes, proembryos or embryogenic cells are formed by cleavage of the zygotic embryos and that the development of these adventitious embryos, normally hampered, can take place in vivo or in vitro as a result of two different mechanisms that prevent the dominance of the initial zygotic embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Aleza
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km 4·5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Juárez
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km 4·5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km 4·5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
- Unité de Recherche Multiplication Végétative, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Luis Navarro
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Ctra. Moncada-Náquera km 4·5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
The first haploid angiosperm, a dwarf form of cotton with half the normal chromosome complement, was discovered in 1920, and in the ninety years since then such plants have been identified in many other species. They can occur either spontaneously or can be induced by modified pollination methods in vivo, or by in vitro culture of immature male or female gametophytes. Haploids represent an immediate, one-stage route to homozygous diploids and thence to F(1) hybrid production. The commercial exploitation of heterosis in such F(1) hybrids leads to the development of hybrid seed companies and subsequently to the GM revolution in agriculture. This review describes the range of techniques available for the isolation or induction of haploids and discusses their value in a range of areas, from fundamental research on mutant isolation and transformation, through to applied aspects of quantitative genetics and plant breeding. It will also focus on how molecular methods have been used recently to explore some of the underlying aspects of this fascinating developmental phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim M Dunwell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK.
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