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Tang C, Shi F, Ji Y, Zhu J, Gu X. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 Polymorphism is a Predictor of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:230-239. [PMID: 38177014 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease (PH-LHD) is commonly seen in patients with heart failure (HF), but there are limited treatment options. Recent studies have shown an association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphisms and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms, and the association between ALDH2 and risk of PH-LHD in patients with HF. It also investigated different ALDH2 genotypes and examined their association with cardiac structure and function in HF patients with PH-LHD. METHODS A total of 178 HF patients were consecutively enrolled in this study: 102 without PH-LHD and 76 with PH-LHD. Clinical data, parameters of echocardiography, and relevant biochemical indexes were recorded in both groups. Differences in data obtained between groups were compared, and the risk of variant ALDH2 polymorphisms with PH-LHD in HF patients was analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of ALDH2 rs671 GA/AA polymorphisms (variant ALDH2) was 24 of 102 patients (23.53%) in the HF without PH-LHD group, and 32 of 76 patients (42.10%) in the HF with PH-LHD group, with a statistically significant difference. Univariate and multivariate logistical regression showed that variant ALDH2 is an independent risk factor for HF combined with PH-LHD. A higher proportion of patients with variant ALDH2 in the HF with PH-LHD group had a tricuspid regurgitation velocity >2.8 m/s, and they had higher values of peak early diastolic velocity of the mitral orifice/peak velocity of the early diastolic wave of the mitral orifice, maximum frequency shift of pulmonary valve flow, and pulmonary artery stiffness. CONCLUSIONS Variant ALDH2 may be an independent risk factor for HF combined with PH-LHD. Variant ALDH2 may also be involved in pulmonary artery remodelling and is a potential new target for clinical treatment of PH-LHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanjing Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2-associated metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases: current status, underlying mechanisms, and clinical recommendations. CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/cp9.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Hu YF, Wu CH, Lai TC, Chang YC, Hwang MJ, Chang TY, Weng CH, Chang PMH, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Huang CYF, Chen SA. ALDH2 deficiency induces atrial fibrillation through dysregulated cardiac sodium channel and mitochondrial bioenergetics: A multi-omics analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166088. [PMID: 33515676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Point mutation in alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), ALDH2*2 results in decreased catalytic enzyme activity and has been found to be associated with different human pathologies. Whether ALDH2*2 would induce cardiac remodeling and increase the attack of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains poorly understood. The present study evaluated the effect of ALDH2*2 mutation on AF susceptibility and unravelled the underlying mechanisms using a multi-omics approach including whole-genome gene expression and proteomics analysis. The in-vivo electrophysiological study showed an increase in the incidence and reduction in the threshold of AF for the mutant mice heterozygous for ALDH2*2 as compared to the wild type littermates. The microarray analysis revealed a reduction in the retinoic acid signals which was accompanied by a downstream reduction in the expression of voltage-gated Na+ channels (SCN5A). The treatment of an antagonist for retinoic acid receptor resulted in a decrease in SCN5A transcript levels. The integrated analysis of the transcriptome and proteome data showed a dysregulation of fatty acid β-oxidation, adenosine triphosphate synthesis via electron transport chain, and activated oxidative responses in the mitochondria. Oral administration of Coenzyme Q10, an essential co-factor known to meliorate mitochondrial oxidative stress and preserve bioenergetics, conferred a protection against AF attack in the mutant ALDH2*2 mice. The multi-omics approach showed the unique pathophysiology mechanisms of concurrent dysregulated SCN5A channel and mitochondrial bioenergetics in AF. This inspired the development of a personalized therapeutic agent, Coenzyme Q10, to protect against AF attack in humans characterized by ALDH2*2 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Hu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsun Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yung Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Weng
- Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Association between the incidence of hypertension and alcohol consumption pattern and the alcohol flushing response: A 12-year follow-up study. Alcohol 2020; 89:43-48. [PMID: 32702501 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is associated with hypertension, and this association depends on the alcohol consumption pattern and alcohol flushing response. In this 12-year follow-up study, we investigated the relationship between the alcohol consumption pattern and incidence of hypertension in the Korean population. METHODS We analyzed 1,366 Korean participants in the Ansung-Ansan cohort study without hypertension at baseline. The subjects were classified into four alcohol consumption patterns: never-drinking, light alcohol consumption, moderate alcohol consumption, and heavy alcohol consumption, and as flushers or non-flushers in response to alcohol. RESULTS In flushers, moderate and heavy alcohol consumption patterns increased the risk of incident hypertension compared with never-drinkers [moderate: HR 1.811 (95% CI 1.084-3.028); heavy: HR 2.494 (95% CI 1.185-5.247)], but non-flushers were not associated with increased risk of incident hypertension according to the alcohol consumption pattern. In addition, a heavy alcohol consumption pattern increased the risk of hypertension among flushers compared with non-flushers [HR 2.232 (95% CI 1.054-4.728)]. CONCLUSION In this 12-year follow-up study, we observed that moderate and heavy alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in flushers. Especially, a heavy alcohol consumption pattern in flushers markedly increased the risk of hypertension.
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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Ameliorates Chronic Alcohol Consumption-Induced Atrial Fibrillation through Detoxification of 4-HNE. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186678. [PMID: 32932651 PMCID: PMC7555032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme that detoxifies reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generated aldehyde adducts such as 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE). Previous meta-analyses have shown an increase in the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with chronic alcohol consumption. ALDH2*2, a common dysfunctional polymorphism in the ALDH2 gene, has been linked to an increased risk of cancer and heart disease. We tested the effect of ALDH2 deficiency on alcohol-induced AF in a murine model of chronic-binge ethanol feeding, with ALDH2*2 knock-in (KI) mice generated by a CRISPR/CAS9 system. In addition, right atrial appendages were obtained from eight patients with AF undergoing open heart surgery. The results showed that burst atrial pacing induced a greater susceptibility to AF in ALDH2*2 KI mice exposed to chronic ethanol intoxication than in wild-type mice, resulting from a higher degree of 4-HNE accumulation and collagen deposition in their atria. Alda-1 attenuated transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression and collagen deposition in the atria and reduced AF inducibility. Patients with AF and the ALDH2*2 allele exhibited greater oxidative stress and substrate remodeling in their atria than non-carriers. In conclusion, ALDH2 deficiency may increase the risk of chronic alcohol and tachypacing-induced AF through the accumulation of 4-HNE and increased ROS production.
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Poveda A, Atabaki‐Pasdar N, Ahmad S, Hallmans G, Renström F, Franks PW. Association of Established Blood Pressure Loci With 10-Year Change in Blood Pressure and Their Ability to Predict Incident Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014513. [PMID: 32805198 PMCID: PMC7660819 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies have identified >1000 genetic variants cross-sectionally associated with blood pressure variation and prevalent hypertension. These discoveries might aid the early identification of subpopulations at risk of developing hypertension or provide targets for drug development, amongst other applications. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of blood pressure-associated variants with long-term changes (10 years) in blood pressure and also to assess their ability to predict hypertension incidence compared with traditional risk variables in a Swedish population. Methods and Results We constructed 6 genetic risk scores (GRSs) by summing the dosage of the effect allele at each locus of genetic variants previously associated with blood pressure traits (systolic blood pressure GRS (GRSSBP): 554 variants; diastolic blood pressure GRS (GRSDBP): 481 variants; mean arterial pressure GRS (GRSMAP): 20 variants; pulse pressure GRS (GRSPP): 478 variants; hypertension GRS (GRSHTN): 22 variants; combined GRS (GRScomb): 1152 variants). Each GRS was longitudinally associated with its corresponding blood pressure trait, with estimated effects per GRS SD unit of 0.50 to 1.21 mm Hg for quantitative traits and odds ratios (ORs) of 1.10 to 1.35 for hypertension incidence traits. The GRScomb was also significantly associated with hypertension incidence defined according to European guidelines (OR, 1.22 per SD; 95% CI, 1.10‒1.35) but not US guidelines (OR, 1.11 per SD; 95% CI, 0.99‒1.25) while controlling for traditional risk factors. The addition of GRScomb to a model containing traditional risk factors only marginally improved discrimination (Δarea under the ROC curve = 0.001-0.002). Conclusions GRSs based on discovered blood pressure-associated variants are associated with long-term changes in blood pressure traits and hypertension incidence, but the inclusion of genetic factors in a model composed of conventional hypertension risk factors did not yield a material increase in predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaitz Poveda
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Naeimeh Atabaki‐Pasdar
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Shafqat Ahmad
- Preventive Medicine DivisionBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of Medical SciencesMolecular EpidemiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Section for Nutritional ResearchDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Frida Renström
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Section for Nutritional ResearchDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesCantonal Hospital St. GallenSt. GallenSwitzerland
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Clinical SciencesLund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversityMalmöSweden
- Section for Nutritional ResearchDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of NutritionHarvard Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
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Mei XF, Hu SD, Liu PF, Li F, Zhou XY, Zhou YF, Chen T. ALDH2 Gene rs671 Polymorphism May Decrease the Risk of Essential Hypertension. Int Heart J 2020; 61:562-570. [PMID: 32350201 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.19-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) rs671 G>A polymorphism can influence the activity of ALDH2 and may be associated with the risk of essential hypertension (EH). Although many previous studies have explored such a relationship, the conclusion is still controversial.The PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched on the ALDH2 gene and EH. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to evaluate the quality of the study. Then we calculated the strength of relationship between ALDH2 rs671 mutation and EH by utilizing odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Besides, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed and the publication bias was assessed.There were 12 studies containing 8153 cases and 10,162 controls. Our meta-analysis showed significant association between ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and EH in four genetic models (the allele model, the homozygote model, the heterozygote model, and the dominant model), whereas it did not indicate this connection in the recessive model. However, a trend of decreased risk still could be seen. Furthermore, we also found an obvious association between rs671 mutation and the risk of EH in the male group than in the female group in all five genetic models.We concluded that ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism may decrease the risk of EH. Furthermore, susceptibility to EH reduced in males but not in females. As a variant in ALDH2, rs671 G>A could be an attractive candidate for genetic therapy of EH. In addition, more case-control studies should be conducted to strengthen our conclusion and evaluate the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions between the ALDH2 gene and EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Mei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Sheng-Da Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Xian-Yong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Ya-Feng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Tan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
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Huang YH, Chang KH, Lee YS, Chen CM, Chen YC. Association of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase Polymorphism with Spontaneous Deep Intracerebral Haemorrhage in the Taiwan population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3641. [PMID: 32107439 PMCID: PMC7046678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) encode essential alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. While alcohol use is associated with spontaneously deep intracerebral haemorrhage (SDICH), particularly in males, the activities and genetic variants of ADH and ALDH may affect SDICH development. This case-control study was conducted to identify the interaction of alcohol use and SDICH with five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs2241894, ALDH2 rs671, ALDH2 rs886205, and ALDH2 rs4648328. We enrolled 208 patients with SDICH and 244 healthy controls in a Taiwanese population. ALDH2 rs671 was significantly associated with SDICH in the dominant (P < 0.001) and additive models (P = 0.007). ALDH2 rs4648328 was borderline significantly associated with SDICH in the recessive (P = 0.024) or additive models (P = 0.030). In alcohol-using patients, the ALDH2 rs671 GG genotype was associated with SDICH risk compared to the GA+AA genotype (P = 0.010). ADH1B rs1229984, ADH1C rs2241894, and ALDH2 rs886205 did not demonstrate association with SDICH. Thus, the ALDH2 rs671 GG genotype is a risk factor for SDICH. Because the genetic distributions of ALDH2 rs671 exhibited strong ethnic heterogeneity, further studies in different populations are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Body mass index modifies the association between frequency of alcohol consumption and incidence of hypertension in men but not in women: a retrospective cohort study. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:322-330. [PMID: 31913352 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is one of the major modifiable risk factors of hypertension. The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess the clinical impact of obesity on the association between alcohol consumption and the incidence of hypertension. The present study included 5116 male and 6077 female university employees with a median age of 32 (interquartile range 27-39) who underwent annual health checkups between January 2005 and March 2013. Self-reported drinking frequency was recorded at their first checkup and categorized into rarely and 1-3, 4-6, and 7 days/week. During the median observational period of 4.9 years (interquartile range 2.1-8.3), hypertension, defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg and/or self-reported treatment for hypertension, was observed in 1067 (20.9%) men and 384 (6.3%) women. Poisson regression models adjusted for clinically relevant factors revealed a dose-dependent association between drinking frequency and the incidence of hypertension in men (adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval] of men who drank rarely, 1-3, 4-6, and 7 days/week was 1.00 [reference], 1.12 [0.97-1.30], 1.42 [1.19-1.70], and 1.35 [1.14-1.59], respectively; Ptrend < 0.001). However, this association was not observed in women. The dose-dependent association was significant in nonobese men (body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2), but not in obese men (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) (P for interaction between drinking frequency and BMI = 0.072). The present study provides clinically useful evidence to identify the drinkers who may reap the health benefits of abstinence from alcohol consumption.
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Eby JM, Majetschak M. Effects of ethanol and ethanol metabolites on intrinsic function of mesenteric resistance arteries. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214336. [PMID: 30893362 PMCID: PMC6426218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that ethanol-induced hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular responsiveness to vasopressors in vivo and enhanced reactivity of isolated arteries to vasopressors ex vivo. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood and the contribution of ethanol metabolites to vascular effects induced by ethanol consumption are unclear. Mesenteric resistance arteries were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats. Pressure myography was utilized to test effects of ethanol, acetaldehyde and phosphatidylethanol on myogenic tone and on vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine, arginine vasopressin (aVP), endothelin-1 and KCl. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and phosphatidylethanol concentrations were monitored during the experiments. Ethanol concentrations in the vessel bath decreased with a half-life of 25min; acetaldehyde and phosphatidylethanol concentrations remained constant. Pretreatment with ethanol dose-dependently increased the potency of phenylephrine to induce vasoconstriction 4-fold (p<0.01). These effects were comparable when arteries were pre-treated with a single dose of ethanol for 30min and when ethanol concentrations were kept constant during 30min and 60min of pretreatment. While ethanol also dose-dependently increased the potency of aVP to induce vasoconstriction 1.7-fold (p<0.05), it did not affect vasoconstriction induced by endothelin-1 or KCl. Acetaldehyde pre-treatment (30 min) dose-dependently increased the potency of phenylephrine to induce vasoconstriction 2.7-fold (p<0.01) but did not affect other vasoconstrictor responses. Phosphatidylethanol did not affect any vasoconstrictor responses. Ethanol and its metabolites did not affect myogenic tone. These data suggest that ethanol and acetaldehyde selectively sensitize intrinsic constrictor responses upon activation of vascular α1-adrenergic and/or vasopressin receptors at clinically relevant concentrations. Our findings support the concept that enhanced vasoreactivity to vasoactive hormones contributes to the development of hypertension induced by ethanol consumption. Ex vivo exposure of resistance arteries to ethanol and acetaldehyde resembles effects of chronic ethanol consumption on intrinsic vascular function, and thus could serve as test platform to evaluate interventions aimed to mitigate vascular effects associated with ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Eby
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
- Alcohol Research Program (ARP), Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kokubo Y, Padmanabhan S, Iwashima Y, Yamagishi K, Goto A. Gene and environmental interactions according to the components of lifestyle modifications in hypertension guidelines. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:19. [PMID: 30857519 PMCID: PMC6410507 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for hypertension consist of lifestyle and genetic factors. Family history and twin studies have yielded heritability estimates of BP in the range of 34–67%. The most recent paper of BP GWAS has explained about 20% of the population variation of BP. An overestimation of heritability may have occurred in twin studies due to violations of shared environment assumptions, poor phenotyping practices in control cohorts, failure to account for epistasis, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and other non-genetic sources of phenotype modulation that are suspected to lead to underestimations of heritability in GWAS. The recommendations of hypertension guidelines in major countries consist of the following elements: weight reduction, a healthy diet, dietary sodium reduction, increasing physical activity, quitting smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption. The hypertension guidelines are mostly the same for each country or region, beyond race and culture. In this review, we summarize gene-environmental interactions associated with hypertension by describing lifestyle modifications according to the hypertension guidelines. In the era of precision medicine, clinicians who are responsible for hypertension management should consider the gene-environment interactions along with the appropriate lifestyle components toward the prevention and treatment of hypertension. We briefly reviewed the interaction of genetic and environmental factors along the constituent elements of hypertension guidelines, but a sufficient amount of evidence has not yet accumulated, and the results of genetic factors often differed in each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan. .,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yoshio Iwashima
- Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Lim JE, Kim HO, Rhee SY, Kim MK, Kim YJ, Oh B. Gene-environment interactions related to blood pressure traits in two community-based Korean cohorts. Genet Epidemiol 2019; 43:402-413. [PMID: 30770579 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a complex disorder caused by genetic and environmental risk factors. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified more than 100 genetic variants for blood pressure traits and hypertension. However, the interactions between these genetic variants and environmental factors have not been systematically investigated. Therefore, we examined the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors in blood pressure traits using the genetic risk score (GRS). Two Korean community-based cohorts, Cohort I (KARE; N = 8,840) and Cohort II (CAVAS; N = 9,599), were used for this study, and GRSs were calculated from 42 GWAS single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were validated for their association in these cohorts. We calculated GRSs in both ways by considering the effect sizes of each SNP (weighted GRS) and not considering the effect sizes (unweighted GRS). The unweighted GRS was strongly associated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and hypertension (p = 9.03 × 10 -47 , p = 9.41 × 10 -48 , and p = 3.22 × 10 -55 by meta-analysis, respectively) and the weighted GRS showed the similar results. The environmental factors of body mass index, waist circumference, and drinking status were significantly associated with blood pressure traits, and the interaction between these factors and GRSs were examined. However, no interactions were found with either the GRS or the individual SNPs considered for the GRS. Our findings show that it is challenging to find GRS-environment interactions regarding blood pressure traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ok Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jung Kim
- Division of Biobank for Health Science, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bermseok Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Targeting ALDH2 in Atherosclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1193:211-220. [PMID: 31368106 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important member of the functional aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) family in human beings, playing a fundamental role in the detoxification of acetaldehyde and other aldehydes. In recent years, a number of researches have given attention to the association between ALDH2 and atherosclerosis, which provided insights on targeting ALDH2 for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerosis. In this review, these inspiring studies will be discussed, and the clinical implications and concerns will be expounded.
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Xu H, Zhang Y, Ren J. ALDH2 and Stroke: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1193:195-210. [PMID: 31368105 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6260-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. The prevalence of cerebral stroke is the result of the synergistic effect of genetic susceptibility and numerous vascular risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, excessive alcohol intake, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is a vital enzyme metabolizing various acetaldehyde and toxic aldehydes. The ALDH2 enzymatic activity is severely decreased in the individuals with ALDH2*2 gene mutation, especially in East Asians. Increasing epidemiological surveys have revealed that ALDH2 genetic polymorphism is closely associated with the increasing incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and cerebral stroke. Evidence from experimental studies has also suggested that ALDH2 facilitates the clearance of reactive aldehydes and reduces the size of cerebral infarct. Therefore, targeting ALDH2 may represent a promising avenue for protection against stroke injury. This review will mainly focus on clinical and epidemiological evidence and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of ALDH2 in stroke-related injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.
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15
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Genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 are associated with lumbar disc herniation in a Chinese Han population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13079. [PMID: 30166580 PMCID: PMC6117275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a key enzyme for the catalytic oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid. Genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 have been associated with a wide range of diseases and cancers. However, little information is found about the association between ALDH2 polymorphisms and lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in Chinese Han population. We investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ALDH2 and LDH risk in a case–control study that included 380 LDH cases and 692 healthy controls. Eight SNPs were selected and genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for gender and age. In the allele model analysis, we found the frequency of the “A” allele of rs671 was significantly higher in LDH cases than in controls (OR = 1.414, 95%CI: 1.109–1.803, P = 0.005). In the genetic model analysis, we found the minor allele “A” of rs671 was associated with increased risk of LDH under log-additive model (OR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.11–1.82, P = 0.0062); and the minor allele “C” of rs7296651 was associated with decreased risk of LDH under over-dominant model (OR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.53–0.97, P = 0.031). Additionally, the haplotype “GGCTCACG” constructed by rs886205, rs2238152, rs4648328, rs441, rs4646778, rs671, rs11066028, and rs7296651 was associated with increased risk of LDH (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.11–1.90; P = 0.0071). Our data shed new light on the association between genetic polymorphisms of ALDH2 and LDH susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.
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16
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Hung CL, Chang SC, Chang SH, Chi PC, Lai YJ, Wang SW, Wu YJ, Yeh HI, Lin SJ, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Wang LY. Genetic Polymorphisms of Alcohol Metabolizing Enzymes and Alcohol Consumption are Associated With Asymptomatic Cardiac Remodeling and Subclinical Systolic Dysfunction in Large Community-Dwelling Asians. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 52:638-646. [PMID: 29016726 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages is associated with cardiac remodeling and cardiomyopathy. We examined the possible association of alcohol use, common Asian genetic variants in genes involved in alcohol metabolism, and cardiac structures/functions alterations. Methods A prospective, community-dwelling survey among individuals with available complete echocardiography examined the associations of alcohol use, cardiac structure/functions, and three common alcohol metabolizing genetic variants, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform 2E1 (CYP2E1). Results Among 1577 participants (mean age: 53 ± 9, 59.7% female), we observed that in subjects with more frequent weekly ethanol intake showed greater left ventricle (LV) mass, more impaired diastolic functions, and reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS), systolic (SRs) and early diastolic strain rates (SRe) (P<0.05). After propensity matching for clinical confounders (n = 330:30 for frequent users and non-users), frequent alcohol use and subjects carrying ALDH2 (A/G or A/A), ADH1B (A/A) or CYP2E1(T/C or T/T) polymorphisms were all associated with worse GLSRs and GLSRe, with combined alcohol use and any given genetic variant aggravated these associations (all P < 0.05). Finally, we observed Gene-Gene synergistic effects on LV functional decline in frequent alcohol users by using linear mixed effect model (all interaction P < 0.05). Conclusions Among East Asians, even moderate alcohol consumption can confer subclinical adverse effects on cardiac systolic functions, which was most pronounced in subjects carrying common variants in alcohol metabolizing genes. These findings challenge the notion of beneficial influences of less heavy ethanol consumption on the heart, especially among East Asians. Short summary This study evaluated the association of level of alcohol consumption and genetic variants in genes involved in alcohol metabolism with changes in cardiac function in East Asians. Even moderate alcohol use conferred subclinical adverse effects on cardiac systolic functions, which were most pronounced in subjects carrying common alcohol metabolizing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lieh Hung
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chuan Chang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Chang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Chi
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jun Lai
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jer Wu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Chung Shan North Road, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR Building Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR Building Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Li-Yu Wang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd. New Taipei City Sanzhi Dist. 252, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
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Münzel T, Daiber A. The potential of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:217-231. [PMID: 29431026 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1439922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) plays a major role in the ethanol detoxification pathway by removing acetaldehyde. Therefore, ALDH-2 inhibitors such as disulfiram represent the first therapeutic targeting of ALDH-2 for alcoholism therapy. Areas covered: Recently, ALDH-2 was identified as an essential bioactivating enzyme of the anti-ischemic organic nitrate nitroglycerin, bringing ALDH-2 again into the focus of clinical interest. Mechanistic studies on the nitroglycerin bioactivation process revealed that during bioconversion of nitroglycerin and in the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species the active site thiols of ALDH-2 are oxidized and the enzyme activity is lost. Thus, ALDH-2 activity represents a useful marker for cardiovascular oxidative stress, a concept, which has been meanwhile supported by a number of animal disease models. Mechanistic studies on the protective role of ALDH-2 in different disease processes identified the detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal by ALDH-2 as a fundamental process of cardiovascular, cerebral and antioxidant protection. Expert opinion: The most recent therapeutic exploitation of ALDH-2 includes activators of the enzyme such as Alda-1 but also cell-based therapies (ALDH-bright cells) that deserve further clinical characterization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- a Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1 , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,b Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,c Partner Site Rhine-Main , German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Mainz , Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- a Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1 , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,b Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,c Partner Site Rhine-Main , German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Mainz , Germany
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18
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Yan S, Wu G. Could ALDH2 *2 be the reason for low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer for East Asia women? Oncotarget 2017; 9:12503-12512. [PMID: 29552329 PMCID: PMC5844765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is curious that East Asian women have a low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in various epidemiological studies. Although different explanations were given, they appear unsubstantial. We notice that East Asian population usually are inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mutation (ALDH2 * 2) carriers, and ALDH plays an important role in the resistance of ovarian cancer to chemotherapeutics, especially in ovarian cancer stem cells. Therefore, we hypothesize whether ALDH2 mutation is the major reason for low incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in East Asian women, and use the evidence from literature, transcriptomic data with average 5-year overall survival to confirm our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Yan
- Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Guang Wu
- Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
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Ma X, Zheng S, Shu Y, Wang Y, Chen X. Association of the Glu504Lys polymorphism in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene with endothelium-dependent dilation disorder in Chinese Han patients with essential hypertension. Intern Med J 2017; 46:608-15. [PMID: 26691593 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In essential hypertension (EH), 30-50% of the variability in blood pressure is determined by genetic factors. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene Glu504Lys polymorphism is associated with 'alcohol flush' and might be associated with EH. AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the Glu504Lys polymorphism in the ALDH2 gene with endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) disorder in Chinese Han patients with EH. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 1210 patients with EH. The control group consisted of 1089 healthy subjects with normal blood pressure. Patients with EH were divided into normal brachial arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (EH1 group, n = 354) versus endothelial dysfunction (EH2 group, n = 856). ALDH2 gene Glu504Lys polymorphism was detected using a DNA microarray. RESULTS The ALDH2 AA/AG genotypes and the A allele frequencies were significantly higher in the EH group compared with healthy controls (both P < 0.05) and significantly higher in the EH2 group compared with the EH1 group (79.8 vs 51.4%; 45.0 vs 29.1%, respectively; both P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the ALDH2 gene Glu504Lys polymorphism was independently associated with EH (dominant: odds ratio (OR) = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.14-2.82; P = 0.01; additive: OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.12-2.44; P = 0.02) as well as with EDD in patients with EH (dominant: OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.16-3.01, P = 0.02; additive: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.10-2.87, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION The ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism was associated with EDD disorders in Chinese Han patients with EH, providing further evidence that this mutation and 'alcohol flush' are not harmless in this Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center of Health Physical Examination and Health Management, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - S Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Lu Zhou, China
| | - Y Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Wang
- Cardiovascular Department of Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Wu Y, Ni J, Cai X, Lian F, Ma H, Xu L, Yang L. Positive association between ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and essential hypertension: A case-control study and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177023. [PMID: 28472173 PMCID: PMC5417637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Several studies have been conducted to examine the association between aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (ALDH2) rs671 polymorphism and essential hypertension (EH). However, the results remain inconsistent. This study aimed to clarify the association between ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and EH susceptibility. Methods One thousand and ninety-four cases and 1236 controls who were ethnic Han Chinese were collected for this population-based case-control study. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, using allele contrast, dominant, recessive, and co-dominant models using fixed or random-effect models. Results Significant differences were observed between EH cases and controls at the level of both genotype (χ2 = 6.656, P<0.05) and alleles (χ2 = 6.314, P<0.05). An additional meta-analysis using 4204 cases and 5435 controls established that rs671 was significantly associated with EH (P<0.00001). Conclusion The results of our case-control study and meta-analysis showed that there is a significant association between ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and EH susceptibility. In addition, the results of the breakdown analysis by gender suggest a male-specific association between the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Wu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juntao Ni
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Cai
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuzhi Lian
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Ma
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangwen Xu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (LY)
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (LY)
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Lo WC, Ku CC, Chiou ST, Chan CC, Chen CL, Lai MS, Lin HH. Adult mortality of diseases and injuries attributable to selected metabolic, lifestyle, environmental, and infectious risk factors in Taiwan: a comparative risk assessment. Popul Health Metr 2017; 15:17. [PMID: 28468625 PMCID: PMC5415794 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-017-0134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To facilitate priority-setting in health policymaking, we compiled the best available information to estimate the adult mortality (>30 years) burden attributable to 13 metabolic, lifestyle, infectious, and environmental risk factors in Taiwan. Methods We obtained data on risk factor exposure from nationally representative health surveys, cause-specific mortality from the National Death Registry, and relative risks from epidemiological studies and meta-analyses. We applied the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate mortality burden attributable to individual risk factors or risk factor clusters. Results In 2009, high blood glucose accounted for 14,900 deaths (95% UI: 11,850–17,960), or 10.4% of all deaths in that year. It was followed by tobacco smoking (13,340 deaths, 95% UI: 10,330–16,450), high blood pressure (11,190 deaths, 95% UI: 8,190–14,190), ambient particulate matter pollution (8,600 deaths, 95% UI: 7,370–9,840), and dietary risks (high sodium intake and low intake of fruits and vegetables, 7,890 deaths, 95% UI: 5,970–9,810). Overweight-obesity and physical inactivity accounted for 7,620 deaths (95% UI: 6,040–9,190), and 7,400 deaths (95% UI: 6,670–8,130), respectively. The cardiometabolic risk factors of high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high cholesterol, and overweight-obesity jointly accounted for 12,120 deaths (95% UI: 11,220–13,020) from cardiovascular diseases. For domestic risk factors, infections from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were responsible for 6,300 deaths (95% UI: 5,610–6,980) and 3,170 deaths (95% UI: 1,860–4,490), respectively, and betel nut use was associated with 1,780 deaths from oral, laryngeal, and esophageal cancer (95% UI: 1,190–2,360). The leading risk factors for years of life lost were similar, but the impact of tobacco smoking and alcohol use became larger because the attributable deaths from these risk factors occurred among young adults aged less than 60 years. Conclusions High blood glucose, tobacco smoking, and high blood pressure are the major risk factors for deaths from diseases and injuries among Taiwanese adults. A large number of years of life would be gained if the 13 modifiable risk factors could be removed or reduced to the optimal level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12963-017-0134-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Lo
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd, Rm 706, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.,Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chang Ku
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd, Rm 706, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.,School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Shu-Ti Chiou
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Global Health Center, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Shu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd, Rm 706, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.,Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ho Lin
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd, Rm 706, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.
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22
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Zhang C, Ding H, Cheng Y, Chen W, Li Q, Li Q, Dai R, Luo M. Genetic polymorphisms in ALDH2 are associated with drug addiction in a Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8597-8603. [PMID: 28052001 PMCID: PMC5352425 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ALDH2, which has been associated with alcohol dependence and several types of diseases, and the risk of drug addiction in a Chinese Han population. In a case-control study that included 692 cases and 700 healthy controls, eight SNPs in ALDH2 were selected and genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression after adjusting for age and gender. We determined that rs671 is significantly associated with a 1.551-fold increased drug addiction risk (95% CI = 1.263-1.903; p < 0.001). In the genetic model analysis, we found that rs671 is associated with an increased risk of drug addiction under additive, dominant and recessive models (p < 0.001), while rs886205, rs441 and rs4646778 displayed a decreased drug addiction risk under additive and recessive model, respectively (p < 0.05). SNP rs671 remained significant after Bonferroni correction (p<0.00125). Additionally, we observed that haplotype "GTCAC" was associated with increased drug addiction risk (OR = 1.668; 95% CI, 1.328-2.094, p < 0.001); in contrast, "ATCGC" was a protective haplotype for drug addiction risk (OR = 0.444; 95% CI, 0.281-0.704, p < 0.001). Our findings showed that ALDH2 polymorphisms are significantly associated with the risk of drug addiction in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Heng Ding
- Honghe Center Blood Station, Mengzi 661100, Yunnan, China
| | - Yujing Cheng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Wanlu Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Run Dai
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Manlin Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
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Chen CH, Joshi AU, Mochly-Rosen D. The Role of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in Neuropathology and Neurodegeneration. ACTA NEUROLOGICA TAIWANICA 2016; 25(4):111-123. [PMID: 28382610 PMCID: PMC10618051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes-induced toxicity has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. Exposure to reactive aldehydes from (1) alcohol and food metabolism; (2) environmental pollutants, including car, factory exhausts, smog, pesticides, herbicides; (3) metabolism of neurotransmitters, amino acids and (4) lipid peroxidation of biological membrane from excessive ROS, all contribute to 'aldehydic load' that has been linked to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the α, β-unsaturated aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), DOPAL (MAO product of dopamine), malondialdehyde, acrolein and acetaldehyde, all readily form chemical adductions with proteins, DNA and lipids, thus causing neurotoxicity. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH 2) is a major aldehyde metabolizing enzyme that protects against deleterious aldehyde buildup in brain, a tissue that has a particularly high mitochondrial content. In this review, we highlight the deleterious effects of increased aldehydic load in the neuropathology of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. We also discuss evidence for the association between ALDH2 deficiency, a common East Asianspecific mutation, and these neuropathologies. A novel class of small molecule aldehyde dehydrogenase activators (Aldas), represented by Alda-1, reduces neuronal cell death in models of ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Together, these data suggest that reducing aldeydic load by enhancing the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenases, such as ALDH2, represents as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Amit U. Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305-5174 USA
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Zhao Y, Wang C. Glu504Lys Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene and the Risk of Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:174050. [PMID: 26491656 PMCID: PMC4600480 DOI: 10.1155/2015/174050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that is known for its important role in oxidation and detoxification of ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde. ALDH2 also metabolizes other reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and acrolein. The Glu504Lys single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ALDH2 gene, which is found in approximately 40% of the East Asian populations, causes defect in the enzyme activity of ALDH2, leading to alterations in acetaldehyde metabolism and alcohol-induced "flushing" syndrome. Evidence suggests that ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP is a potential candidate genetic risk factor for a variety of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the association between ALDH2 Glu504Lys SNP and the development of these chronic diseases appears to be affected by the interaction between the SNP and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption as well as by the presence of other genetic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Chuancai Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
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Yin RX, Aung LHH, Long XJ, Yan TT, Cao XL, Huang F, Wu JZ, Yang DZ, Lin WX, Pan SL. Interactions of several genetic polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on blood pressure levels. Biofactors 2015; 41:339-51. [PMID: 26354227 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to detect the interactions of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and alcohol consumption on blood pressure levels. Genotypes of 10 SNPs in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA-1), acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), hepatic lipase gene (LIPC), endothelial lipase gene (LIPG), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), the E3 ubiquitin ligase myosin regulatory light chain-interacting protein (MYLIP), proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9 (PCSK9), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD), and Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) genes were determined in 616 nondrinkers and 608 drinkers. The genotypic frequencies of LDLR rs5925, LIPC rs2070895, MTHFR rs1801133, and MYLIP rs3757354 SNPs were significantly different between nondrinkers and drinkers. The levels of systolic blood pressure (ABCA-1 rs2066715 and rs2070895), diastolic blood pressure (rs2070895), and pulse pressure (PP) (rs2066715, ACAT-1 rs1044925, and rs1801133) in nondrinkers, and systolic blood pressure (rs1044925 and SCARB1 rs5888), diastolic blood pressure (rs1044925 and LIPG rs2000813), and PP (PCSK9 rs505151 and rs5888) in drinkers were different among the genotypes (P < 0.005-0.001). The interactions of several SNPs and alcohol consumption on systolic blood pressure (rs2066715, rs1044925, rs5925, rs2070895, rs1801133, rs3757354, PPARD rs2016520, and rs5888), diastolic blood pressure (rs2066715, rs1044925, rs5925, rs2000813, rs3757354, and rs2016520), and PP (rs1044925, rs2070895, rs1801133, rs3757354, rs505151, and rs5888) were observed (P < 0.005-0.001). The differences in blood pressure levels between the nondrinkers and drinkers might be partially attributed to the interactions of these SNPs and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lynn Htet Htet Aung
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jiang Long
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Zhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Zhai Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xiong Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Ling Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
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Liu X, Sun X, Liao H, Dong Z, Zhao J, Zhu H, Wang P, Shen L, Xu L, Ma X, Shen C, Fan F, Wang C, Hu K, Zou Y, Ge J, Ren J, Sun A. Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Regulates Revascularization in Chronic Ischemia: Potential Impact on the Development of Coronary Collateral Circulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2196-206. [PMID: 26315408 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Revascularization is an essential process to compensate for cardiac underperfusion and, therefore, preserves cardiac function in the face of chronic ischemic injury. Recent evidence suggested a vital role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in cardiac protection after ischemia. This study was designed to determine whether ALDH2 regulates chronic ischemia-induced angiogenesis and to explore the underlying mechanism involved. Moreover, the clinical impact of the ALDH2 mutant allele on the development of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) was evaluated. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice limb ischemia was performed. Compared with wild-type, ALDH2 deletion significantly reduced perfusion recovery, small artery and capillary density, and increased muscle atrophy in this ischemic model. In vitro, ALDH2-knockdown reduced proliferation, migration and hypoxia triggered endothelial tube formation of endothelial cells, the effects of which were restored by ALDH2 transfection. Further examination revealed that ALDH2 regulated angiogenesis possibly through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor pathways. To further discern the role of ALDH2 deficiency in the function of bone marrow stem/progenitor cells, cross bone marrow transplantation was performed between wild-type and ALDH2-knockout mice. However, there was no significant improvement for wild-type bone marrow transplantation into knockout mice. ALDH2 genotyping was screened in 139 patients with chronic total occlusion recruited to Zhongshan Hospital (2011.10-2014.4). Patients with poor CCC (Rentrop 0-1; n=51) exhibited a higher frequency of the AA genotype than those with enriched CCC (Rentrop 2-3; n=88; 11.76% versus 1.14%; P=0 0.01). However, the AA group displayed less enriched CCC frequency in Logistic regression model when compared with the GG group (odds ratio=0.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.009-0.701; P=0 0.026). Furthermore, serum vascular endothelial growth factor level tended to be lower in patients with ALDH2 mutation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that ALDH2 possesses an intrinsic capacity to regulate angiogenesis via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor. Patients with ALDH2-deficient genotype displayed a higher risk of developing poor CCC. Therapeutic individualization based on ALDH2 allele distribution may thus improve the therapeutic benefit, especially in the East Asian decedents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Liu
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Hua Liao
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Zhen Dong
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Hong Zhu
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Peng Wang
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Li Shen
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Lei Xu
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Xin Ma
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Cheng Shen
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Fan Fan
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Cong Wang
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Kai Hu
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Junbo Ge
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Jun Ren
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.)
| | - Aijun Sun
- From the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (X.L., H.Z., P.W., L.S., L.X., C.S., F.F., C.W., K.H., Y.Z., J.G., J.R., A.S.), Institute of Biomedical Science (X.S., L.X., X.M., Y.Z., J.G., A.S.), Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital (Z.D.), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie (X.L., J.R.); Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China (H.L.); and Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China (J.Z.).
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Effect of Common Genetic Variants of Growth Arrest-Specific 6 Gene on Insulin Resistance, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in an Asian Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135681. [PMID: 26284522 PMCID: PMC4540485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), a vitamin K-dependent protein, has been implicated in systemic inflammation, obesity, and insulin resistance (IR). Data from recent studies suggest that polymorphisms in the Gas6 gene are associated with cardiovascular disorders and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the association of Gas6 gene variants with obesity, IR, and T2D development has not been explored. Materials and Methods Four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Gas6 gene were genotyped in 984 participants from the Stanford Asia-Pacific Program for Hypertension and Insulin Resistance (SAPPHIRe) family cohort. An insulin suppression test was performed to determine IR based on steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG). Associations between IR indices and obesity, and SNP genotypes, based on previously-reported data for this cohort (Phase I), were analyzed. In the present follow-up study (Phase II), the effects of gene variants of Gas6 on the progression to T2D were explored in individuals who were free of T2D in Phase I. The mean follow-up period for Phase II was 5.7 years. Results The mean age of the study population in Phase I was 49.5 years and 16.7% of individuals developed T2D during follow-up. After adjusting for covariates, three SNPs (rs8191973, rs8197974, and rs7323932) were found to be associated with SSPG levels (p = 0.007, p = 0.03, and p = 0.011, respectively). This association remained significant after multiple testing and showed a significant interaction with physical activity for SNP rs8191973. However, no other significant correlations were observed between Gas6 polymorphisms and other indices of IR or obesity. A specific haplotype, AACG (from rs8191974, rs7323932, rs7331124, and rs8191973), was positively associated with SSPG levels (p = 0.0098). None of the polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of T2D development. Conclusions Our results suggest that Gas6 gene variants are associated with IR, although their effects on subsequent progression to T2D were minimal in this prospective Asian cohort.
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Shin C, Kwack K, Cho NH, Kim SH, Baik I. Sex-specific differences in the association of a common aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene polymorphism and alcohol consumption with stroke risk in a Korean population: a prospective cohort study. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:79-86. [PMID: 25671072 PMCID: PMC4317484 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.1.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It is well-known that alcohol consumption is associated with stroke risk as well as with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene (ALDH2) polymorphisms. However, it is unclear whether ALDH2 polymorphisms are associated with stroke risk independent of alcohol consumption and whether such association is modified by sex. We evaluated sex-specific associations of a common ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol consumption with stroke risk in a Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 8,465 men and women, aged 40-69 years and free of stroke between June, 2001 and January, 2003, and followed for the development of stroke. We identified new cases of stroke, which were self-reported or ascertained from vital registration data. Based on genome-wide association data, we selected a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs2074356), which shows high linkage disequilibrium with the functional polymorphism of ALDH2. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis considering potential risk factors collected from a baseline questionnaire. RESULTS Over the median follow-up of 8 years, 121 cases of stroke were identified. Carrying the wild-type allele of the ALDH2 polymorphism increased stroke risk among men. The multivariate hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] of stroke was 2.02 [1.03-3.99] for the wild-type allele compared with the mutant alleles, but the association was attenuated after controlling for alcohol consumption. Combinations of the wild-type allele and other risk factors of stroke, such as old age, diabetes mellitus, and habitual snoring, synergistically increased the risk among men. Among women, however, the ALDH2 polymorphism was not associated with stroke risk. CONCLUSIONS The prospective cohort study showed a significant association between a common ALDH2 polymorphism and stroke risk in Korean men, but not in Korean women, and also demonstrated that men with genetic disadvantages gain more risk when having risk factors of stroke. Thus, these men may need to make more concerted efforts to control modifiable risk factors of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chol Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-707, Korea. ; Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-707, Korea
| | - KyuBum Kwack
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 463-712, Korea
| | - Nam H Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 425-707, Korea
| | - Inkyung Baik
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-702, Korea
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Alleman RJ, Katunga LA, Nelson MAM, Brown DA, Anderson EJ. The "Goldilocks Zone" from a redox perspective-Adaptive vs. deleterious responses to oxidative stress in striated muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 5:358. [PMID: 25278906 PMCID: PMC4166897 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Consequences of oxidative stress may be beneficial or detrimental in physiological systems. An organ system's position on the “hormetic curve” is governed by the source and temporality of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, proximity of ROS to moieties most susceptible to damage, and the capacity of the endogenous cellular ROS scavenging mechanisms. Most importantly, the resilience of the tissue (the capacity to recover from damage) is a decisive factor, and this is reflected in the disparate response to ROS in cardiac and skeletal muscle. In myocytes, a high oxidative capacity invariably results in a significant ROS burden which in homeostasis, is rapidly neutralized by the robust antioxidant network. The up-regulation of key pathways in the antioxidant network is a central component of the hormetic response to ROS. Despite such adaptations, persistent oxidative stress over an extended time-frame (e.g., months to years) inevitably leads to cumulative damages, maladaptation and ultimately the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Indeed, persistent oxidative stress in heart and skeletal muscle has been repeatedly demonstrated to have causal roles in the etiology of heart disease and insulin resistance, respectively. Deciphering the mechanisms that underlie the divergence between adaptive and maladaptive responses to oxidative stress remains an active area of research for basic scientists and clinicians alike, as this would undoubtedly lead to novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we provide an overview of major types of ROS in striated muscle and the divergent adaptations that occur in response to them. Emphasis is placed on highlighting newly uncovered areas of research on this topic, with particular focus on the mitochondria, and the diverging roles that ROS play in muscle health (e.g., exercise or preconditioning) and disease (e.g., cardiomyopathy, ischemia, metabolic syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick J Alleman
- Departments of Physiology, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Lalage A Katunga
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Margaret A M Nelson
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Departments of Physiology, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ethan J Anderson
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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30
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Shen C, Wang C, Fan F, Yang Z, Cao Q, Liu X, Sun X, Zhao X, Wang P, Ma X, Zhu H, Dong Z, Zou Y, Hu K, Sun A, Ge J. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) deficiency exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting Beclin-1 dependent autophagy pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:310-8. [PMID: 25086229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) was demonstrated to play cardioprotective roles in cardiovascular diseases. Nonetheless, little is known about the roles and mechanisms of ALDH2 in pressure overload-induced cardiac damages. In this study, we revealed that ALDH2 deficiency overtly exacerbated transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac dysfunction. Cardiomyocyte enlargement was observed in both WT and ALDH2-/- mice in HE-stained myocardial tissue samples at 8 weeks post TAC surgery. Mitochondrial morphology and structure were also significantly damaged post TAC surgery and the changes were aggravated in ALDH2-/- TAC hearts. ALDH2 deficiency also depressed myocardial autophagy in hearts at 8 weeks post TAC surgery with a potential mechanism of repressing the expression of Beclin-1 and promoting the interaction between Bcl-2 and Beclin-1. These data indicate that ALDH2 deficiency exacerbates the pressure overload induced cardiac dysfunction partly by inhibiting Beclin-1 dependent autophagy pathway. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiyin Yang
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical College, Jining 272067, China
| | - Quan Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangwei Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Borron P, Cohen O, Hoofwijk TJ, Turner JR. Participation of Hypertension Patients in Early-Phase Clinical Trials. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014; 16:389-92. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Borron
- Early Clinical Development; Quintiles; Durham NC
| | - Oren Cohen
- Early Clinical Development; Quintiles; Durham NC
| | - Theo J. Hoofwijk
- Therapeutic Strategy Development; Quintiles B.V.; Hoofddorp the Netherlands
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32
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An Expanding Knowledge of the Mechanisms and Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2014; 34:159-71. [DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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33
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Mali VR, Ning R, Chen J, Yang XP, Xu J, Palaniyandi SS. Impairment of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adduct formation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in mice fed a high-fat diet and injected with low-dose streptozotocin. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:610-8. [PMID: 24651616 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213520109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) are generated in the myocardium in cardiac disease. 4HNE and other toxic aldehydes form adducts with proteins, leading to cell damage and organ dysfunction. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) metabolize toxic aldehydes such as 4HNE into nontoxic metabolites. Both ALDH levels and activity are reduced in cardiac disease. We examined whether reduced ALDH2 activity contributes to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in mice fed a high-fat diet and injected with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). These mice exhibited most of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome/type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM): increased blood glucose levels depicting hyperglycemia (415.2 ± 18.7 mg/dL vs. 265.2 ± 7.6 mg/dL; P < 0.05), glucose intolerance with normal plasma insulin levels, suggesting insulin resistance and obesity as evident from increased weight (44 ± 3.1 vs. 34.50 ± 1.32 g; P < 0.05) and body fat. Myocardial ALDH2 activity was 60% lower in these mice (0.1 ± 0.012 vs. 0.04 ± 0.015 µmol/min/mg protein; P < 0.05). Myocardial 4HNE levels were also elevated in the hyperglycemic hearts. Co-immunoprecipitation study showed that 4HNE formed adducts on myocardial ALDH2 protein in the mice exhibiting metabolic syndrome/type-2 DM, and they had obvious cardiac hypertrophy compared with controls as evident from increased heart weight (HW), HW to tibial length ratio, left ventricular (LV) mass and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was correlated inversely with ALDH2 activity (R (2 )= 0.7; P < 0.05). Finally, cardiac dysfunction was observed in mice with metabolic syndrome/type-2 DM. Therefore, we conclude that reduced ALDH2 activity may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice presenting with some of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome/type-2 DM when on a high-fat diet and low-dose STZ injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal R Mali
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: new therapeutic opportunities. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1-34. [PMID: 24382882 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of detoxifying enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) has been a subject of recent interest, as its role in detoxifying aldehydes that accumulate through metabolism and to which we are exposed from the environment has been elucidated. Although the human genome has 19 ALDH genes, one ALDH emerges as a particularly important enzyme in a variety of human pathologies. This ALDH, ALDH2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix with much known about its role in ethanol metabolism. Less known is a new body of research to be discussed in this review, suggesting that ALDH2 dysfunction may contribute to a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that ALDH2 dysfunction is also associated with Fanconi anemia, pain, osteoporosis, and the process of aging. Furthermore, an ALDH2 inactivating mutation (termed ALDH2*2) is the most common single point mutation in humans, and epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between this inactivating mutation and increased propensity for common human pathologies. These data together with studies in animal models and the use of new pharmacological tools that activate ALDH2 depict a new picture related to ALDH2 as a critical health-promoting enzyme.
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35
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Simino J, Sung YJ, Kume R, Schwander K, Rao DC. Gene-alcohol interactions identify several novel blood pressure loci including a promising locus near SLC16A9. Front Genet 2013; 4:277. [PMID: 24376456 PMCID: PMC3860258 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for hypertension, with recent candidate studies implicating gene-alcohol interactions in blood pressure (BP) regulation. We used 6882 (predominantly) Caucasian participants aged 20-80 years from the Framingham SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) to perform a genome-wide analysis of SNP-alcohol interactions on BP traits. We used a two-step approach in the ABEL suite to examine genetic interactions with three alcohol measures (ounces of alcohol consumed per week, drinks consumed per week, and the number of days drinking alcohol per week) on four BP traits [systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial (MAP), and pulse (PP) pressure]. In the first step, we fit a linear mixed model of each BP trait onto age, sex, BMI, and antihypertensive medication while accounting for the phenotypic correlation among relatives. In the second step, we conducted 1 degree-of-freedom (df) score tests of the SNP main effect, alcohol main effect, and SNP-alcohol interaction using the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of the parameters from the first step. We then calculated the joint 2 df score test of the SNP main effect and SNP-alcohol interaction using MixABEL. The effect of SNP rs10826334 (near SLC16A9) on SBP was significantly modulated by both the number of alcoholic drinks and the ounces of alcohol consumed per week (p-values of 1.27E-08 and 3.92E-08, respectively). Each copy of the G-allele decreased SBP by 3.79 mmHg in those consuming 14 drinks per week vs. a 0.461 mmHg decrease in non-drinkers. Index SNPs in 20 other loci exhibited suggestive (p-value ≤ 1E-06) associations with BP traits by the 1 df interaction test or joint 2 df test, including 3 rare variants, one low-frequency variant, and SNPs near/in genes ESRRG, FAM179A, CRIPT-SOCS5, KAT2B, ADCY2, GLI3, ZNF716, SLIT1, PDE3A, KERA-LUM, RNF219-AS1, CLEC3A, FBXO15, and IGSF5. SNP-alcohol interactions may enhance discovery of novel variants with large effects that can be targeted with lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Simino
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA
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