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Zięba S, Błachnio-Zabielska A, Maciejczyk M, Pogodzińska K, Szuta M, Lo Giudice G, Lo Giudice R, Zalewska A. Impact of Smoking on Salivary Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress in Young Adults: A Comparative Analysis between Traditional Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heat-Not-Burn Products. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942507. [PMID: 38217285 PMCID: PMC10802080 DOI: 10.12659/msm.942507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking nicotine is considered to be one of the most harmful addictions, leading to the development of a number of health complications, including many pathologies in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of smoking traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heat-not-burn products on profiles of salivary lipids and lipid peroxidation products in the unstimulated and stimulated saliva of healthy young adults with a smoking habit of up to 3 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 3 groups of 25 smoking patients each and a control group matched for age, gender, and oral status. In saliva collected from patients from the study groups and participants from the control group, the concentrations of sphingolipids: sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, and salivary lipid peroxidation products - malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) - were measured. The normality of distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For comparison of the results, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey test was used. RESULTS We demonstrated that each type of smoking causes a decrease in the concentration of salivary lipids, and there was an increased concentration of salivary MDA and 4-HNE. CONCLUSIONS Smoking in the initial period of addiction leads to an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products through increased oxidative stress, leading to disturbance of the lipid balance of the oral cavity (eg, due to damage to cell membranes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zięba
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Pogodzińska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szuta
- Department of Oral Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Lo Giudice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Evolutive Age. G. Barresi, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Independent Laboratory of Experimental Dentistry, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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2
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Walton CM, Saito ER, Warren CE, Larsen JG, Remund NP, Reynolds PR, Hansen JM, Bikman BT. Yerba Maté ( Ilex paraguariensis) Supplement Exerts Beneficial, Tissue-Specific Effects on Mitochondrial Efficiency and Redox Status in Healthy Adult Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4454. [PMID: 37892529 PMCID: PMC10609848 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Yerba maté, a herbal tea derived from Ilex paraguariensis, has previously been reported to be protective against obesity-related and other cardiometabolic disorders. Using high-resolution respirometry and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, the effects of four weeks of yerba maté consumption on mitochondrial efficiency and cellular redox status in skeletal muscle, adipose, and liver, tissues highly relevant to whole-body metabolism, were explored in healthy adult mice. Yerba maté treatment increased the mitochondrial oxygen consumption in adipose but not in the other examined tissues. Yerba maté increased the ATP concentration in skeletal muscle and decreased the ATP concentration in adipose. Combined with the observed changes in oxygen consumption, these data yielded a significantly higher ATP:O2, a measure of mitochondrial efficiency, in muscle and a significantly lower ATP:O2 in adipose, which was consistent with yerba maté-induced weight loss. Yerba maté treatment also altered the hepatic glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) redox potential to a more reduced redox state, suggesting the treatment's potential protective effects against oxidative stress and for the preservation of cellular function. Together, these data indicate the beneficial, tissue-specific effects of yerba maté supplementation on mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox states in healthy mice that are protective against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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3
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Decker ST, Alexandrou-Majaj N, Layec G. Effects of acute cigarette smoke concentrate exposure on mitochondrial energy transfer in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148973. [PMID: 36972770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.148973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cigarette smoke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle are still poorly understood. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the effects of cigarette smoke on mitochondrial energy transfer in permeabilized muscle fibers from skeletal muscles with differing metabolic characteristics. The electron transport chain (ETC) capacity, ADP transport, and respiratory control by ADP were assessed in fast- and slow-twitch muscle fibers from C57BL/6 mice (n = 11) acutely exposed to cigarette smoke concentrate (CSC) using high-resolution respirometry. CSC decreased complex I-driven respiration in the white gastrocnemius (CONTROL:45.4 ± 11.2 pmolO2.s-1.mg-1 and CSC:27.5 ± 12.0 pmolO2.s-1.mg-1; p = 0.01) and soleus (CONTROL:63.0 ± 23.8 pmolO2.s-1.mg-1 and CSC:44.6 ± 11.1 pmolO2.s-1.mg-1; p = 0.04). In contrast, the effect of CSC on Complex II-linked respiration increased its relative contribution to muscle respiratory capacity in the white gastrocnemius muscle. The maximal respiratory activity of the ETC was significantly inhibited by CSC in both muscles. Furthermore, the respiration rate dependent on the ADP/ATP transport across the mitochondrial membrane was significantly impaired by CSC in the white gastrocnemius (CONTROL:-70 ± 18 %; CSC:-28 ± 10 %; p < 0.001), but not the soleus (CONTROL:47 ± 16 %; CSC:31 ± 7 %; p = 0.08). CSC also significantly impaired mitochondrial thermodynamic coupling in both muscles. Our findings underscore that acute CSC exposure directly inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in permeabilized muscle fibers. This effect was mediated by significant perturbations of the electron transfer in the respiratory complexes, especially at complex I, in both fast and slow twitch muscles. In contrast, CSC-induced inhibition of the exchange of ADP/ATP across the mitochondrial membrane was fiber-type specific, with a large effect on fast-twitch muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Decker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
| | | | - Gwenael Layec
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA; Institute for Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
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4
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Kwon OS, Decker ST, Zhao J, Hoidal JR, Heuckstadt T, Sanders KA, Richardson RS, Layec G. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in mitochondrial function and cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:261-269. [PMID: 36586455 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying muscle dysfunction with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are poorly understood. Indirect evidence has recently suggested a role of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) in the pathophysiology of COPD. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the redox balance and mitochondrial alterations in the skeletal muscle of a mouse model deficient in the receptor for AGE (RAGE-KO) and wild-type C57BL/6 exposed to cigarette smoke for 8-months using immunoblotting, spectrophotometry, and high-resolution respirometry. Cigarette smoke exposure increased by two-fold 4-HNE levels (P < 0.001), a marker of oxidative stress, and markedly downregulated contractile proteins, mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and uncoupling proteins levels (P < 0.001). Functional alterations with cigarette smoke exposure included a greater reliance on complex-I supported respiration (P < 0.01) and lower relative respiratory capacity for fatty acid (P < 0.05). RAGE knockout resulted in 47% lower 4-HNE protein levels than the corresponding WT control mice exposed to cigarette smoke (P < 0.05), which was partly attributed to increased Complex III protein levels. Independent of cigarette smoke exposure, RAGE KO decreased mitochondrial specific maximal respiration (P < 0.05), resulting in a compensatory increase in mitochondrial content measured by citrate synthase activity (P < 0.001) such that muscle respiratory capacity remained unaltered. Together, these findings suggest that knockout of RAGE protected the skeletal muscle against oxidative damage induced by 8 months of cigarette smoke exposure. In addition, this study supports a role for RAGE in regulating mitochondrial content and function and can thus serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; UConn Center on Aging and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephen T Decker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA
| | - Jia Zhao
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John R Hoidal
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Thomas Heuckstadt
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karl A Sanders
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA; Institute of Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
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5
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Chen B, Sun L, Zeng G, Shen Z, Wang K, Yin L, Xu F, Wang P, Ding Y, Nie Q, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Xia J, Lin J, Luo Y, Cai J, Krausz KW, Zheng R, Xue Y, Zheng MH, Li Y, Yu C, Gonzalez FJ, Jiang C. Gut bacteria alleviate smoking-related NASH by degrading gut nicotine. Nature 2022; 610:562-568. [PMID: 36261549 PMCID: PMC9589931 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is positively correlated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)1-5, but the underlying mechanism for this association is unclear. Here we report that nicotine accumulates in the intestine during tobacco smoking and activates intestinal AMPKα. We identify the gut bacterium Bacteroides xylanisolvens as an effective nicotine degrader. Colonization of B. xylanisolvens reduces intestinal nicotine concentrations in nicotine-exposed mice, and it improves nicotine-exacerbated NAFLD progression. Mechanistically, AMPKα promotes the phosphorylation of sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3), stabilizing the latter and therefore increasing intestinal ceramide formation, which contributes to NAFLD progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our results establish a role for intestinal nicotine accumulation in NAFLD progression and reveal an endogenous bacterium in the human intestine with the ability to metabolize nicotine. These findings suggest a possible route to reduce tobacco smoking-exacerbated NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guangyi Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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6
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Chioran D, Sitaru A, Macasoi I, Pinzaru I, Sarau CA, Dehelean C, Dinu S, Szuhanek C, Zetu IN, Serafin AC, Rivis M, Poenaru M, Dragoi R. Nicotine Exerts Cytotoxic Effects in a Panel of Healthy Cell Lines and Strong Irritating Potential on Blood Vessels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148881. [PMID: 35886732 PMCID: PMC9323709 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of tobacco products is a major global public health issue, as it is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. In addition, nicotine (NIC) is a key component of electronic and conventional cigarettes. Although nicotine’s addictive potential is well known, its health effects are not entirely understood. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate its toxicological profile both in vitro, at the level of three healthy cell lines, and in ovo, at the level of the chorioallantoic membrane. Five different concentrations of nicotine were used in keratinocytes, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes for the purpose of evaluating cell viability, cell morphology, and its impact on nuclei. Additionally, the hen’s egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) method was used to assess the biocompatibility and irritant potential of the chorioallantoic membrane. Across all cell lines studied, nicotine was proven to be significantly damaging to cell viability, with the highest concentration tested resulting in less than 2% viable cells. Moreover, the morphology of cells changed dramatically, with alterations in their shape and confluence. Nicotine-induced cell death appears to be apoptotic, based on its impact on the nucleus. In addition, nicotine was also found to have a very strong irritating effect on the chorioallantoic membrane. In conclusion, nicotine has an extremely strong toxicological profile, as demonstrated by the drastic reduction of cell viability and the induction of morphological changes and nuclear alterations associated with cellular apoptosis. Additionally, the HET-CAM method led to the observation of a strong irritating effect associated with nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Chioran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.C.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Adrian Sitaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Departament of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Departament of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Cristian Andrei Sarau
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.P.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Departament of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.M.); (C.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefania Dinu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.C.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Camelia Szuhanek
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.C.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Irina Nicoleta Zetu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Andra Cristine Serafin
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.C.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Mircea Rivis
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.C.); (S.D.); (C.S.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Marioara Poenaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Razvan Dragoi
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.S.); (M.P.); (R.D.)
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7
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Choi RH, Tatum SM, Symons JD, Summers SA, Holland WL. Ceramides and other sphingolipids as drivers of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:701-711. [PMID: 33772258 PMCID: PMC8978615 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increases in calorie consumption and sedentary lifestyles are fuelling a global pandemic of cardiometabolic diseases, including coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. These lifestyle factors, when combined with genetic predispositions, increase the levels of circulating lipids, which can accumulate in non-adipose tissues, including blood vessel walls and the heart. The metabolism of these lipids produces bioactive intermediates that disrupt cellular function and survival. A compelling body of evidence suggests that sphingolipids, such as ceramides, account for much of the tissue damage in these cardiometabolic diseases. In humans, serum ceramide levels are proving to be accurate biomarkers of adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes. In mice and rats, pharmacological inhibition or depletion of enzymes driving de novo ceramide synthesis prevents the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In cultured cells and isolated tissues, ceramides perturb mitochondrial function, block fuel usage, disrupt vasodilatation and promote apoptosis. In this Review, we discuss the body of literature suggesting that ceramides are drivers - and not merely passengers - on the road to cardiovascular disease. Moreover, we explore the feasibility of therapeutic strategies to lower ceramide levels to improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hee Choi
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Ran Hee Choi, Sean M. Tatum
| | - Sean M. Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Ran Hee Choi, Sean M. Tatum
| | - J. David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A. Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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8
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Association between Cigarette Smoking and Physical Fitness Level of Korean Adults and the Elderly. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9020185. [PMID: 33572288 PMCID: PMC7914849 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have examined the relationship between smoking and physical fitness, they only considered current smoking status and the same fitness measurements regardless of age. This study investigated differences in physical fitness based on tobacco smoking habits. A total of 2830 non-elderly adults (NEA; 19–64 years) and 629 elderly (65–89 years) participated in the study, using data extracted from a Korean national database. One-way ANCOVA and ANOVA were conducted to analyze the results. The subjects were classified into three groups (smokers, those who had quit, and never-smokers). In NEA men, a significant difference was observed in 50-m dash (p = 0.003) and 20-m shuttle-run (p < 0.001), while in elderly men differences were only seen in sit-ups (p = 0.015). In the case of NEA and elderly women, no significant differences were observed in physical fitness levels (p > 0.05). The decreased fitness level due to smoking was more noticeable in men than in women, and in NEA more than in elderly persons. A non-smoking policy and customized training based on age or gender are necessary to increase fitness and improve health conditions.
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9
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Lavrynenko O, Titz B, Dijon S, Santos DD, Nury C, Schneider T, Guedj E, Szostak J, Kondylis A, Phillips B, Ekroos K, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J, Ivanov NV. Ceramide ratios are affected by cigarette smoke but not heat-not-burn or e-vapor aerosols across four independent mouse studies. Life Sci 2020; 263:118753. [PMID: 33189821 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Smoking is an important risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to further elucidate the role of ceramides, as a key lipid class dysregulated in disease states. MAIN METHODS In this article we developed and validated LC-MS/MS method for ceramides (Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) for the absolute quantification. We deployed it together with proteomics and transcriptomic analysis to assess the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) from the reference cigarette as well as aerosols from heat-not-burn (HnB) tobacco and e-vapor products in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice over several time points. KEY FINDINGS In the lungs, CS exposure substantially elevated the ratios of Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1) to Cer(d18:1/18:0) in two independent ApoE-/- mouse inhalation studies. Data from previous studies, in both ApoE-/- and wild-type mice, further confirmed the reproducibility of this finding. Elevation of these ceramide ratios was also observed in plasma/serum, the liver, and-for the Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) to Cer(d18:1/18:0) ratio-the abdominal aorta. Also, the levels of acid ceramidase (Asah1) and glucocerebrosidase (Gba)-lysosomal enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of glucosylceramides-were consistently elevated in the lungs after CS exposure. In contrast, exposure to HnB tobacco product and e-vapor aerosols did not induce significant changes in the ceramide profiles or associated enzymes. SIGNIFICANCE Our work in mice contributes to the accumulating evidence on the importance of ceramide ratios as biologically relevant markers for respiratory disorders, adding to their already demonstrated role in cardiovascular disease risk assessment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dijon
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Dos Santos
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, 117406, Singapore
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd., Irisviksvägen 31D, 02230 Esbo, Finland
| | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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10
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Middlekauff HR, William KJ, Su B, Haptonstall K, Araujo JA, Wu X, Kim J, Sallam T. Changes in lipid composition associated with electronic cigarette use. J Transl Med 2020; 18:379. [PMID: 33028369 PMCID: PMC7542424 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic cigarette use is on the rise despite a number of reports linking electronic cigarettes with adverse health outcomes. Recent studies have suggested that alterations in lipid signaling may be one mechanism by which electronic cigarettes contribute to lung pulmonary function. Vitamin E acetate, for example, is synthetic form of Vitamin E transported via lipids, found to be associated with electronic cigarette associated lung injury. Lipids are absolutely critical for normal lung physiology and perturbations in a number of lipid pathways have been associated with respiratory illness. Is it conceivable that electronic cigarette use even in seemingly healthy cohorts are associated with alterations in lipid pathways? Methods To investigate quantitative alterations in the plasma lipidome associated with electronic cigarette use in healthy we obtained plasma samples from 119 male and female participants with who were either: (1) chronic tobacco cigarette (TC) smokers (> 12 months of self-reported TC use), (2) chronic Electronic cigarette (EC) users (> 12 months of self-reported EC use), or (3) non-users. We measured quantitative lipid species across different lipid sub-classes from plasma samples using the Sciex Lipidyzer. Results We found that male and female tobacco and electronic cigarette users had distinct lipidome signatures across a number of lipid species although the vast majority of lipids were unchanged when compared to non-users. Intriguingly, we found that female but not male electronic cigarette users had lower levels of plasmalogens, critical glycerophospholipids secreted by alveoli and required for normal surfactant function. Conclusions In summary, our study does not reveal striking changes associated with electronic cigarette use but we observed sex-specific changes in lipids known to be critical for lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Middlekauff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J William
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baolong Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kacey Haptonstall
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tamer Sallam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Tong X, Chaudhry Z, Lee CC, Bone RN, Kanojia S, Maddatu J, Sohn P, Weaver SA, Robertson MA, Petrache I, Evans-Molina C, Kono T. Cigarette smoke exposure impairs β-cell function through activation of oxidative stress and ceramide accumulation. Mol Metab 2020; 37:100975. [PMID: 32283079 PMCID: PMC7170997 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidemiological studies indicate that first- and second-hand cigarette smoke (CS) exposure are important risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Additionally, elevated diabetes risk has been reported to occur within a short period of time after smoking cessation, and health risks associated with smoking are increased when combined with obesity. At present, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to test the impact of CS exposure on pancreatic β-cell function using rodent and in vitro models. METHODS Beginning at 8 weeks of age, C57BL/6 J mice were concurrently fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and exposed to CS for 11 weeks, followed by an additional 11 weeks of smoking cessation with continued HFD. Glucose tolerance testing was performed during CS exposure and during the cessation period. Cultured INS-1 β-cells and primary islets were exposed ex vivo to CS extract (CSE), and β-cell function and viability were tested. Since CS increases ceramide accumulation in the lung and these bioactive sphingolipids have been implicated in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in diabetes, islet and β-cell sphingolipid levels were measured in islets from CS-exposed mice and in CSE-treated islets and INS-1 cells using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Compared to HFD-fed, ambient air-exposed mice, HFD-fed and CS-exposed mice had reduced weight gain and better glucose tolerance during the active smoking period. Following smoking cessation, CS-mice exhibited rapid weight gain and had accelerated worsening of their glucose tolerance. CS-exposed mice had higher serum proinsulin/insulin ratios, indicative of β-cell dysfunction, significantly lower β-cell mass (p = 0.017), reduced β-cell proliferation (p = 0.006), and increased islet ceramide content compared to non-smoking control mice. Ex vivo exposure of isolated islets to CSE was sufficient to increase islet ceramide levels, which was correlated with reduced insulin gene expression and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and increased β-cell oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine markedly attenuated the effects of CSE on ceramide levels, restored β-cell function and survival, and increased cyclin D2 expression, while also reducing activation of β-cell ER and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CS exposure leads to impaired insulin production, processing, secretion and reduced β-cell viability and proliferation. These effects were linked to increased β-cell oxidative and ER stress and ceramide accumulation. Mice fed HFD continued to experience detrimental effects of CS exposure even during smoking cessation. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which CS exposure impairs β-cell function in synergy with obesity will help design therapeutic and preventive interventions for both active and former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zunaira Chaudhry
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert N. Bone
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sukrati Kanojia
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Judith Maddatu
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paul Sohn
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Staci A. Weaver
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA,Corresponding author. 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO, 80806, USA. Tel.: +303 270 2080.
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kono
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Corresponding author. Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. Tel.: +317 274 4145; fax 317 274 4107.
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12
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Gibbs JL, Dallon BW, Lewis JB, Walton CM, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR, Bikman BT. Diesel Exhaust Particle Exposure Compromises Alveolar Macrophage Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225598. [PMID: 31717476 PMCID: PMC6888061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are known pathogenic pollutants that constitute a significant quantity of air pollution. Given the ubiquitous presence of macrophages throughout the body, including the lungs, as well as their critical role in tissue and organismal metabolic function, we sought to determine the effect of DEP exposure on macrophage mitochondrial function. Following daily DEP exposure in mice, pulmonary macrophages were isolated for mitochondrial analyses, revealing reduced respiration rates and dramatically elevated H2O2 levels. Serum ceramides and inflammatory cytokines were increased. To determine the degree to which the changes in mitochondrial function in macrophages were not dependent on any cross-cell communication, primary pulmonary murine macrophages were used to replicate the DEP exposure in a cell culture model. We observed similar changes as seen in pulmonary macrophages, namely diminished mitochondrial respiration, but increased H2O2 production. Interestingly, when treated with myriocin to inhibit ceramide biosynthesis, these DEP-induced mitochondrial changes were mitigated. Altogether, these data suggest that DEP exposure may compromise macrophage mitochondrial and whole-body function via pathologic alterations in macrophage ceramide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Gibbs
- Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Blake W. Dallon
- Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Joshua B. Lewis
- Lung and Placental Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Chase M. Walton
- Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Lung and Placental Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Paul R. Reynolds
- Lung and Placental Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Metabolism Research Lab, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Bonezzi F, Piccoli M, Dei Cas M, Paroni R, Mingione A, Monasky MM, Caretti A, Riganti C, Ghidoni R, Pappone C, Anastasia L, Signorelli P. Sphingolipid Synthesis Inhibition by Myriocin Administration Enhances Lipid Consumption and Ameliorates Lipid Response to Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:986. [PMID: 31447688 PMCID: PMC6696899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarct requires prompt thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention to limit the extent of necrosis, but reperfusion creates additional damage. Along with reperfusion, a maladaptive remodeling phase might occur and it is often associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, as well as a reduced ability to recover metabolism homeostasis. Infarcted individuals can exhibit reduced lipid turnover and their accumulation in cardiomyocytes, which is linked to a deregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), controlling fatty acids metabolism, energy production, and the anti-inflammatory response. We previously demonstrated that Myriocin can be effectively used as post-conditioning therapeutic to limit ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and infarct size, in a murine model. In this follow-up study, we demonstrate that Myriocin has a critical regulatory role in cardiac remodeling and energy production, by up-regulating the transcriptional factor EB, PPARs nuclear receptors and genes involved in fatty acids metabolism, such as VLDL receptor, Fatp1, CD36, Fabp3, Cpts, and mitochondrial FA dehydrogenases. The overall effects are represented by an increased β–oxidation, together with an improved electron transport chain and energy production. The potent immunomodulatory and metabolism regulatory effects of Myriocin elicit the molecule as a promising pharmacological tool for post-conditioning therapy of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Bonezzi
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mingione
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Caretti
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, Oncology Department, and Interdepartmental Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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14
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Dikalov S, Itani H, Richmond B, Vergeade A, Rahman SMJ, Boutaud O, Blackwell T, Massion PP, Harrison DG, Dikalova A. Tobacco smoking induces cardiovascular mitochondrial oxidative stress, promotes endothelial dysfunction, and enhances hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H639-H646. [PMID: 30608177 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00595.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hypertension. It is associated with the oxidative stress and induces metabolic reprogramming, altering mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke induces cardiovascular mitochondrial oxidative stress, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we studied whether the scavenging of mitochondrial H2O2 in transgenic mice expressing mitochondria-targeted catalase (mCAT) attenuates the development of cigarette smoke/angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and hypertension compared with wild-type mice. Two weeks of exposure of wild-type mice with cigarette smoke increased systolic blood pressure by 17 mmHg, which was similar to the effect of a subpresssor dose of angiotensin II (0.2 mg·kg-1·day-1), leading to a moderate increase to the prehypertensive level. Cigarette smoke exposure and a low dose of angiotensin II cooperatively induced severe hypertension in wild-type mice, but the scavenging of mitochondrial H2O2 in mCAT mice completely prevented the development of hypertension. Cigarette smoke and angiotensin II cooperatively induced oxidation of cardiolipin (a specific biomarker of mitochondrial oxidative stress) in wild-type mice, which was abolished in mCAT mice. Cigarette smoke and angiotensin II impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and induced superoxide overproduction, which was diminished in mCAT mice. To mimic the tobacco smoke exposure, we used cigarette smoke condensate, which induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction and reduced endothelial nitric oxide (a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension). Western blot experiments indicated that tobacco smoke and angiotensin II reduce the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin-3 level and cause hyperacetylation of a key mitochondrial antioxidant, SOD2, which promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work demonstrates tobacco smoking-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and development of hypertension. We suggest that the targeting of mitochondrial oxidative stress can be beneficial for treatment of pathological conditions associated with tobacco smoking, such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dikalov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hana Itani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Bradley Richmond
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aurelia Vergeade
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - S M Jamshedur Rahman
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee.,Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna Dikalova
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
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15
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Parker BA, Walton CM, Carr ST, Andrus JL, Cheung ECK, Duplisea MJ, Wilson EK, Draney C, Lathen DR, Kenner KB, Thomson DM, Tessem JS, Bikman BT. β-Hydroxybutyrate Elicits Favorable Mitochondrial Changes in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2247. [PMID: 30071599 PMCID: PMC6121962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical benefit of ketosis has historically and almost exclusively centered on neurological conditions, lending insight into how ketones alter mitochondrial function in neurons. However, there is a gap in our understanding of how ketones influence mitochondria within skeletal muscle cells. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the specific effects of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) on muscle cell mitochondrial physiology. In addition to increased cell viability, murine myotubes displayed beneficial mitochondrial changes evident in reduced H₂O₂ emission and less mitochondrial fission, which may be a result of a β-HB-induced reduction in ceramides. Furthermore, muscle from rats in sustained ketosis similarly produced less H₂O₂ despite an increase in mitochondrial respiration and no apparent change in mitochondrial quantity. In sum, these results indicate a general improvement in muscle cell mitochondrial function when β-HB is provided as a fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Parker
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Chase M Walton
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Sheryl T Carr
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Jacob L Andrus
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Eric C K Cheung
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Michael J Duplisea
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Esther K Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Carrie Draney
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Daniel R Lathen
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Kyle B Kenner
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - David M Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Jeffery S Tessem
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Benjamin T Bikman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
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16
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Sun Q, Xu H, Xue J, Yang Q, Chen C, Yang P, Han A, Tu Q, Lu J, Gao X, Xiang Q, Liu Q. MALAT1 via microRNA-17 regulation of insulin transcription is involved in the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells induced by cigarette smoke extract. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8862-8873. [PMID: 29856480 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cigarettes contain various chemicals with the potential to influence metabolic health. Exposure to cigarette smoke causes a dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells and impairs insulin production. However, the mechanisms for cigarette smoke-induced reduction of insulin remain largely unclear. Data from 558 patients with diabetes showed that, with smoking pack-years, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-β (a method for assessing β-cell function) decreased and that HOMA of insulin resistance increased. For β-cells (MIN6), cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased the levels of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and the long noncoding (lnc)RNA, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), and downregulated the levels of the transcription factor, mafA, and microRNA (miR)-17. MALAT1, one of four lncRNAs predicted to regulate miR-17, was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA). For these cells, an miR-17 mimic inhibited TXNIP and enhanced the production of insulin. Knockdown of MALAT1 induced an increase in miR-17, which suppressed TXNIP and promoted the production of insulin. In the sera of patients with diabetes who smoked, there were higher MALAT1 levels and lower miR-17 levels than in the sera of nonsmokers. Thus, CSE inhibits insulin production by upregulating TXNIP via MALAT1-mediated downregulation of miR-17, which provides an understanding of the processes involved in the reduced β-cells function caused by cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianlei Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aohan Han
- Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyun Tu
- Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- School of Public Health, Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohua Gao
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quanyong Xiang
- Institute of Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Control, Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Insulin selectively reduces mitochondrial uncoupling in brown adipose tissue in mice. Biochem J 2018; 475:561-569. [PMID: 29170160 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling in distinct adipose tissue depots. Sixteen-week-old male mice were injected daily with placebo or insulin to induce an artificial hyperinsulinemia for 28 days. Following the treatment period, mitochondrial respiration and degree of uncoupling were determined in permeabilized perirenal, inguinal, and interscapular adipose tissue. White adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondria (inguinal and perirenal) respire at substantially lower rates compared with brown adipose tissue (BAT). Insulin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in mitochondrial respiration in inguinal WAT (iWAT) and interscapular BAT (iBAT), but not in perirenal WAT (pWAT). Furthermore, these changes were accompanied by an insulin-induced reduction in UCP-1 (uncoupling protein 1) and PGC-1α in iWAT and iBAT only, but not in pWAT or skeletal muscle. Compared with adipose tissue mitochondria in placebo conditions, adipose tissue from hyperinsulinemic mice manifested a site-specific reduction in mitochondrial respiration probably as a result of reduced uncoupling. These results may help explain weight gain so commonly seen with insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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18
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Sampson M, Lathen DR, Dallon BW, Draney C, Ray JD, Kener KB, Parker BA, Gibbs JL, Gropp JS, Tessem JS, Bikman BT. β-Hydroxybutyrate improves β-cell mitochondrial function and survival. JOURNAL OF INSULIN RESISTANCE 2017. [DOI: 10.4102/jir.v2i1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions aimed at improving outcomes in type 2 diabetes and achieving normoglycaemia, including insulin therapy, are increasingly common, despite the potential for substantial side effects. Carbohydrate-restricted diets that result in increased ketogenesis have effectively been used to improve insulin resistance, a fundamental feature of type 2 diabetes. In addition, limited evidence suggests that states of ketogenesis may also improve β-cell function in type 2 diabetics. Considering how little is known regarding the effects of ketones on β-cell function, we sought to determine the specific effects of β-Hydroxybutyrate (βHB) on pancreatic β-cell physiology and mitochondrial function. βHB treatment increased β-cell survival and proliferation, while also increasing mitochondrial mass, respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Despite these improvements, were unable to detect an increase in β-cell or islet insulin production and secretion. Collectively, these findings have two implications. Firstly, they indicate that β-cells have improved survival and proliferation in the midst of βHB, the circulating form of ketones. Secondly, insulin secretion does not appear to be directly related to apparent improvements in mitochondrial function and cellular proliferation.
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19
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Bowen TS, Aakerøy L, Eisenkolb S, Kunth P, Bakkerud F, Wohlwend M, Ormbostad AM, Fischer T, Wisloff U, Schuler G, Steinshamn S, Adams V, Bronstad E. Exercise Training Reverses Extrapulmonary Impairments in Smoke-exposed Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:879-887. [PMID: 28009790 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cigarette smoking is the main risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. However, evidence on the extrapulmonary effects of smoke exposure that precede lung impairments remains unclear at present, as are data on nonpharmacological treatments such as exercise training. METHODS Three groups of mice, including control (n = 10), smoking (n = 10), and smoking with 6 wk of high-intensity interval treadmill running (n = 11), were exposed to 20 wk of fresh air or whole-body cigarette smoke. Exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake) and lung destruction (histology) were subsequently measured, whereas the heart, peripheral endothelium (aorta), and respiratory (diaphragm) and limb (extensor digitorum longus and soleus) skeletal muscles were assessed for in vivo and in vitro function, in situ mitochondrial respiration, and molecular alterations. RESULTS Smoking reduced body weight by 26% (P < 0.05) without overt airway destruction (P > 0.05). Smoking impaired exercise capacity by 15% while inducing right ventricular dysfunction by ~20%, endothelial dysfunction by ~20%, and diaphragm muscle weakness by ~15% (all P < 0.05), but these were either attenuated or reversed by exercise training (P < 0.05). Compared with controls, smoking mice had normal limb muscle and mitochondrial function (cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers); however, diaphragm measures of oxidative stress and protein degradation were increased by 111% and 65%, respectively (P < 0.05), but these were attenuated by exercise training (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged cigarette smoking reduced exercise capacity concomitant with functional impairments to the heart, peripheral endothelium, and respiratory muscle that preceded the development of overt emphysema. However, high-intensity exercise training was able to reverse these smoke-induced extrapulmonary impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Scott Bowen
- 1Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Leipzig University-Heart Center, Leipzig, GERMANY; 2Faculty of Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NORWAY; and 3Department of Thoracic Medicine, Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, NORWAY
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20
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Kaplan A, Abidi E, Ghali R, Booz GW, Kobeissy F, Zouein FA. Functional, Cellular, and Molecular Remodeling of the Heart under Influence of Oxidative Cigarette Tobacco Smoke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3759186. [PMID: 28808498 PMCID: PMC5541812 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3759186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Passive and active chronic cigarette smoking (CS) remains an international epidemic and a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. CS-induced cardiac damage is divided into two major and interchangeable mechanisms: (1) direct adverse effects on the myocardium causing smoking cardiomyopathy and (2) indirect effects on the myocardium by fueling comorbidities such as atherosclerotic syndromes and hypertension that eventually damage and remodel the heart. To date, our understanding of cardiac remodeling following acute and chronic smoking exposure is not well elucidated. This manuscript presents for the first time the RIMD (oxidative stress (R), inflammation (I), metabolic impairment (M), and cell death (D)) detrimental cycle concept as a major player in CS-induced CVD risks and direct cardiac injury. Breakthroughs and latest findings in the field with respect to structural, functional, cellular, and molecular cardiac remodeling following chronic smoking exposure are summarized. This review also touches the genetics/epigenetics of smoking as well as the smoker's paradox and highlights the most currently prominent pharmacological venues to mitigate CS-induced adverse cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emna Abidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Ghali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George W. Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad A. Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
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21
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Taylor OJ, Thatcher MO, Carr ST, Gibbs JL, Trumbull AM, Harrison ME, Winden DR, Pearson MJ, Tippetts TS, Holland WL, Reynolds PR, Bikman BT. High-Mobility Group Box 1 Disrupts Metabolic Function with Cigarette Smoke Exposure in a Ceramide-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1099. [PMID: 28531105 PMCID: PMC5455007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously found that cigarette smoke disrupts metabolic function, in part, by increasing muscle ceramide accrual. To further our understanding of this, we sought to determine the role of the cytokine high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is increased with smoke exposure, in smoke-induced muscle metabolic perturbations. To test this theory, we determined HMGB1 from lungs of human smokers, as well as from lung cells from mice exposed to cigarette smoke. We also treated cells and mice directly with HMGB1, in the presence or absence of myriocin, an inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme in ceramide biosynthesis. Outcomes included assessments of insulin resistance and muscle mitochondrial function. HMGB1 was significantly increased in both human lungs and rodent alveolar macrophages. Further testing revealed that HMGB1 treatment elicited a widespread increase in ceramide species and reduction in myotube mitochondrial respiration, an increase in reactive oxygen species, and reduced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Inhibition of ceramide biosynthesis with myriocin was protective. In mice, by comparing treatments of HMGB1 injections with or without myriocin, we found that HMGB1 injections resulted in increased muscle ceramides, especially C16 and C24, which were necessary for reduced muscle mitochondrial respiration and compromised insulin and glucose tolerance. In conclusion, HMGB1 may be a necessary intermediate in the ceramide-dependent metabolic consequences of cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Mikayla O Thatcher
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Sheryl T Carr
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Jonathan L Gibbs
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Annie M Trumbull
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Mitchell E Harrison
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Duane R Winden
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA.
| | - Mackenzie J Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; USA.
| | - Trevor S Tippetts
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; USA.
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; USA.
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Benjamin T Bikman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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22
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Napa K, Baeder AC, Witt JE, Rayburn ST, Miller MG, Dallon BW, Gibbs JL, Wilcox SH, Winden DR, Smith JH, Reynolds PR, Bikman BT. LPS from P. gingivalis Negatively Alters Gingival Cell Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:2697210. [PMID: 28592970 PMCID: PMC5448046 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2697210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral inflammatory pathologies are linked to increased oxidative stress, thereby partly explaining their relevance in the etiology of systemic disorders. The purpose of this work was to determine the degree to which LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis, the primary pathogen related to oral inflammation, altered gingival mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species generation. METHODS Human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide of P. gingivalis. Mitochondrial function was determined via high-resolution respirometry. P GINGIVALIS Mitochondrial function was determined via high-resolution respirometry. RESULTS LPS-treated HGF-1 cells had significantly higher mitochondrial complex IV and higher rates of mitochondrial respiration. However, this failed to translate into greater ATP production, as ATP production was paradoxically diminished with LPS treatment. Nevertheless, production of the reactive H2O2 was elevated with LPS treatment. CONCLUSIONS LPS elicits an increase in gingival cell mitochondria content, with a subsequent increase in reactive oxygen species production (i.e., H2O2), despite a paradoxical reduction in ATP generation. These findings provide an insight into the nature of oxidative stress in oral inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Napa
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Andrea C. Baeder
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Witt
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Sarah T. Rayburn
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Madison G. Miller
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Blake W. Dallon
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Gibbs
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Shalene H. Wilcox
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Duane R. Winden
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA
| | - Jared H. Smith
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Paul R. Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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23
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Plausible Roles for RAGE in Conditions Exacerbated by Direct and Indirect (Secondhand) Smoke Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030652. [PMID: 28304347 PMCID: PMC5372664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 1 billion people smoke worldwide, and the burden placed on society by primary and secondhand smokers is expected to increase. Smoking is the leading risk factor for myriad health complications stemming from diverse pathogenic programs. First- and second-hand cigarette smoke contains thousands of constituents, including several carcinogens and cytotoxic chemicals that orchestrate chronic inflammatory responses and destructive remodeling events. In the current review, we outline details related to compromised pulmonary and systemic conditions related to smoke exposure. Specifically, data are discussed relative to impaired lung physiology, cancer mechanisms, maternal-fetal complications, cardiometabolic, and joint disorders in the context of smoke exposure exacerbations. As a general unifying mechanism, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and its signaling axis is increasingly considered central to smoke-related pathogenesis. RAGE is a multi-ligand cell surface receptor whose expression increases following cigarette smoke exposure. RAGE signaling participates in the underpinning of inflammatory mechanisms mediated by requisite cytokines, chemokines, and remodeling enzymes. Understanding the biological contributions of RAGE during cigarette smoke-induced inflammation may provide critically important insight into the pathology of lung disease and systemic complications that combine during the demise of those exposed.
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24
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Lipopolysaccharide Disrupts Mitochondrial Physiology in Skeletal Muscle via Disparate Effects on Sphingolipid Metabolism. Shock 2016; 44:585-92. [PMID: 26529656 PMCID: PMC4851226 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are prevalent pathogenic molecules that are found within tissues and blood. Elevated circulating LPS is a feature of obesity and sepsis, both of which are associated with mitochondrial abnormalities that are key pathological features of LPS excess. However, the mechanism of LPS-induced mitochondrial alterations remains poorly understood. Herein we demonstrate the necessity of sphingolipid accrual in mediating altered mitochondrial physiology in skeletal muscle following LPS exposure. In particular, we found LPS elicited disparate effects on the sphingolipids dihydroceramides (DhCer) and ceramides (Cer) in both cultured myotubes and in muscle of LPS-injected mice. Although LPS-treated myotubes had reduced DhCer and increased Cer as well as increased mitochondrial respiration, muscle from LPS-injected mice manifested a reverse trend, namely elevated DhCer, but reduced Cer as well as reduced mitochondrial respiration. In addition, we found that LPS treatment caused mitochondrial fission, likely via dynamin-related protein 1, and increased oxidative stress. However, inhibition of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis via myriocin protected normal mitochondrial function in spite of LPS, but inhibition of DhCer desaturase 1, which increases DhCer, but not Cer, exacerbated mitochondrial respiration with LPS. In an attempt to reconcile the incongruent effects of LPS in isolated muscle cells and whole muscle tissue, we incubated myotubes with conditioned medium from treated macrophages. In contrast to direct myotube LPS treatment, conditioned medium from LPS-treated macrophages reduced myotube respiration, but this was again mitigated with sphingolipid inhibition. Thus, macrophage sphingolipid production appears to be necessary for LPS-induced mitochondrial alterations in skeletal muscle tissue.
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25
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Oral Gingival Cell Cigarette Smoke Exposure Induces Muscle Cell Metabolic Disruption. Int J Dent 2016; 2016:2763160. [PMID: 27034671 PMCID: PMC4789482 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2763160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure compromises health through damaging multiple physiological systems, including disrupting metabolic function. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of oral gingiva in mediating the deleterious metabolic effects of cigarette smoke exposure on skeletal muscle metabolic function. Using an in vitro conditioned medium cell model, skeletal muscle cells were incubated with medium from gingival cells treated with normal medium or medium containing suspended cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Following incubation of muscle cells with gingival cell conditioned medium, muscle cell mitochondrial respiration and insulin signaling and action were determined as an indication of overall muscle metabolic health. Skeletal muscle cells incubated with conditioned medium of CSE-treated gingival cells had a profound reduction in mitochondrial respiration and respiratory control. Furthermore, skeletal muscle cells had a greatly reduced response in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glycogen synthesis. Altogether, these results provide a novel perspective on the mechanism whereby cigarette smoke affects systemic metabolic function. In conclusion, we found that oral gingival cells treated with CSE create an altered milieu that is sufficient to both disrupted skeletal muscle cell mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity.
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26
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Hodson AE, Tippetts TS, Bikman BT. Insulin treatment increases myocardial ceramide accumulation and disrupts cardiometabolic function. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:153. [PMID: 26682540 PMCID: PMC4683786 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background States of hyperinsulinemia, particularly insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are becoming remarkably common, with roughly half a billion people likely to suffer from the disorder within the next 15 years. Along with this rise has been an associated increased burden of cardiovascular disease. Considering type 2 diabetics treated with insulin are more likely to suffer from heart complications, we sought to determine the specific effect of insulin on ceramide-dependent cardiometabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance and altered heart mitochondrial physiology. Methods H9c2 cardiomyocytes and adult mice were treated with insulin with or without myriocin to inhibit ceramide biosynthesis. Insulin and glucose changes were tracked throughout the study and mitochondrial bioenergetics was determined in permeabilized cardiomyocytes and myocardium. Results Herein, we demonstrate that insulin is sufficient to disrupt heart mitochondrial respiration in both isolated cardiomyocytes and whole myocardium, possibly by increasing mitochondrial fission. Further, insulin increases ceramide accrual in a time-dependent manner, which is necessary for insulin-induced alterations in heart mitochondrial respiration and insulin resistance. Conclusions Collectively, these observations have two implications. First, they indicate a pathological role of insulin in heart complications stemming from mitochondrial disruption. Second, they identify ceramide as a possible mediator of insulin-related heart disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee E Hodson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3017 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Trevor S Tippetts
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3017 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Benjamin T Bikman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 3017 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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27
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Ryan TE, Schmidt CA, Green TD, Brown DA, Neufer PD, McClung JM. Mitochondrial Regulation of the Muscle Microenvironment in Critical Limb Ischemia. Front Physiol 2015; 6:336. [PMID: 26635622 PMCID: PMC4649016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most severe clinical presentation of peripheral arterial disease and manifests as chronic limb pain at rest and/or tissue necrosis. Current clinical interventions are largely ineffective and therapeutic angiogenesis based trials have shown little efficacy, highlighting the dire need for new ideas and novel therapeutic approaches. Despite a decade of research related to skeletal muscle as a determinant of morbidity and mortality outcomes in CLI, very little progress has been made toward an effective therapy aimed directly at the muscle myopathies of this disease. Within the muscle cell, mitochondria are well positioned to modulate the ischemic cellular response, as they are the principal sites of cellular energy production and the major regulators of cellular redox charge and cell death. In this mini review, we update the crucial importance of skeletal muscle to CLI pathology and examine the evolving influence of muscle and endothelial cell mitochondria in the complex ischemic microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the novelty of muscle mitochondria as a therapeutic target for ischemic pathology in the context of the complex co-morbidities often associated with CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence E Ryan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Tom D Green
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Joseph M McClung
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA ; East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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28
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Nelson MB, Swensen AC, Winden DR, Bodine JS, Bikman BT, Reynolds PR. Cardiomyocyte mitochondrial respiration is reduced by receptor for advanced glycation end-product signaling in a ceramide-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H63-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00043.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is already well established in numerous comorbidities, including cardiomyopathy. Given the role of AGEs and their receptor, RAGE, in activating inflammatory pathways, we sought to determine whether ceramides could be a mediator of RAGE-induced altered heart mitochondrial function. Using an in vitro model, we treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes with the AGE carboxy-methyllysine before mitochondrial respiration assessment. We discovered that mitochondrial respiration was significantly impaired in AGE-treated cells, but not when cotreated with myriocin, an inhibitor of de novo ceramide biosynthesis. Moreover, we exposed wild-type and RAGE knockout mice to secondhand cigarette smoke and found reduced mitochondrial respiration in the left ventricular myocardium from wild-type mice, but RAGE knockout mice were protected from this effect. Finally, conditional overexpression of RAGE in the lungs of transgenic mice elicited a robust increase in left ventricular ceramides in the absence of smoke exposure. Taken together, these findings suggest a RAGE-ceramide axis as an important contributor to AGE-mediated disrupted cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Adam C. Swensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Duane R. Winden
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Jared S. Bodine
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
| | - Paul R. Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah; and
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