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Toth DD, Souder CL, Patuel S, English CD, Konig I, Ivantsova E, Malphurs W, Watkins J, Anne Costa K, Bowden JA, Zubcevic J, Martyniuk CJ. Angiotensin II Alters Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Lipid Metabolism in Rat Colonic Epithelial Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:974. [PMID: 39199363 PMCID: PMC11353208 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
An over-active renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is characterized by elevated angiotensin II (Ang II). While Ang II can promote metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction in tissues, little is known about its role in the gastrointestinal system (GI). Here, we treated rat primary colonic epithelial cells with Ang II (1-5000 nM) to better define their role in the GI. We hypothesized that Ang II would negatively affect mitochondrial bioenergetics as these organelles express Ang II receptors. Ang II increased cellular ATP production but reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of colonocytes. However, cells maintained mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis with treatment, reflecting metabolic compensation with impaired MMP. To determine whether lipid dysregulation was evident, untargeted lipidomics were conducted. A total of 1949 lipids were detected in colonocytes spanning 55 distinct (sub)classes. Ang II (1 nM) altered the abundance of some sphingosines [So(d16:1)], ceramides [Cer-AP(t18:0/24:0)], and phosphatidylcholines [OxPC(16:0_20:5(2O)], while 100 nM Ang II altered some triglycerides and phosphatidylserines [PS(19:0_22:1). Ang II did not alter the relative expression of several enzymes in lipid metabolism; however, the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) was increased, and PDK2 can be protective against dyslipidemia. This study is the first to investigate the role of Ang II in colonic epithelial cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby D. Toth
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Christopher L. Souder
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Sarah Patuel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Cole D. English
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Isaac Konig
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Emma Ivantsova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Wendi Malphurs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Jacqueline Watkins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Kaylie Anne Costa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
| | - John A. Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Block Health Science Bldg, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.D.T.); (C.L.S.II); (S.P.); (C.D.E.); (I.K.); (E.I.); (W.M.); (J.W.); (K.A.C.); (J.A.B.)
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Balamtekin N, Artuk C, Arslan M, Gülşen M. The Effect of Helicobacter pylori on the Presentation and Clinical Course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:511-513. [PMID: 33306581 PMCID: PMC7984630 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Novel coronavirus 2019 (corona virus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) binds angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors to enter the cell. These receptors are widely expressed in the intestine, and COVID-19 may cause gastrointestinal symptoms via these receptors during the course of the disease. Helicobacter pylori is known to increase the expression of ACE-2 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of H pylori on the presentation and clinical course of COVID-19 infections. METHODS This study was carried out from June 1 to July 20, 2020. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infections by PCR tests were included in the study. Antigen screening tests were performed on stool samples to determine the presence of H pylori. All patients were evaluated for manifestations of COVID-19 infection, severity of the course, hospitalized days because of the virus and outcome of the disease process. RESULTS Of 108 COVID-19 positive patients evaluated, 31 with a mean age of 49.54 ± 17.94 years were H pylori-positive (8 girls [25.8%]) and 77 with a mean age of 47.85 ± 20.51 years; (31 girls [40.3%]) were H pylori-negative. Abdominal pain (19.4% vs 2.6%) and diarrhea (32.3% vs 9.1%) were significantly higher in patients with H pylori than those without (P = 0.007 and P = 0.006, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between H pylori positivity and the number of hospitalized days, the severity of the course of COVID-19 infection, or the outcome of the disease (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the findings of abdominal pain and diarrhea strongly correlated with the presence of H pylori in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melike Arslan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Mustafa Gülşen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Association of sprue-like enteropathy and angiotensin receptor-1 antagonists. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019; 131:493-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-01539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Salmenkari H, Laitinen A, Forsgård RA, Holappa M, Lindén J, Pasanen L, Korhonen M, Korpela R, Nystedt J. The use of unlicensed bone marrow-derived platelet lysate-expanded mesenchymal stromal cells in colitis: a pre-clinical study. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:175-188. [PMID: 30611671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising candidate for treatment of inflammatory disorders, but their efficacy in human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has been inconsistent. Comparing the results from various pre-clinical and clinical IBD studies is also challenging due to a large variation in study designs. METHODS In this comparative pre-clinical study, we compared two administration routes and investigated the safety and feasibility of both fresh and cryopreserved platelet-lysate-expanded human bone marrow-derived MSCs without additional licensing in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis mouse model both in the acute and regenerative phases of colitis. Body weight, macroscopic score for inflammation and colonic interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α concentrations were determined in both phases of colitis. Additionally, histopathology was assessed and Il-1β and Agtr1a messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) protein levels were measured in the colon in the regenerative phase of colitis. RESULTS Intravenously administered MSCs exhibited modest anti-inflammatory capacity in the acute phase of colitis by reducing IL-1β protein levels in the inflamed colon. There were no clear improvements in mice treated with fresh or cryopreserved unlicensed MSCs according to weight monitoring results, histopathology and macroscopic score results. Pro-inflammatory ACE protein expression and shedding were reduced by cryopreserved MSCs in the colon. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we observed a good safety profile for bone marrow-derived platelet lysate-expanded MSCs in a mouse pre-clinical colitis model, but the therapeutic effect of MSCs prepared without additional licensing (i.e. such as MSCs are administered in graft-versus-host disease) was modest in the chosen in vivo model system and limited to biochemical improvements in cytokines without a clear benefit in histopathology or body weight development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Salmenkari
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Laitinen
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard A Forsgård
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Holappa
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Lindén
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Pasanen
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Korhonen
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Korpela
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nystedt
- Advanced Cell Therapy Centre, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland.
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Brzozowski T. Role of renin-angiotensin system and metabolites of angiotensin in the mechanism of gastric mucosal protection. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 19:90-8. [PMID: 25238456 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II, the main effector of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is generated from the precursor angiotensinogen by the actions of renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, chymase and various peptidases. RAS is essential in the control of blood pressure and body fluid homeostasis but their involvement in the mechanism of the protection of gastric mucosa has not been extensively studied. On the other hand, angiotensin-(1-7) which acts on the Mas receptor, exhibits a potent vasodilatory activity and attenuates the gastric lesions induced by various ulcerogens. In this review, the mechanism of RAS, the antagonists of angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors and angiotensin-(1-7) in formation of gastric damage is discussed with possible translating relevance to treatment modalities in the protection against gastric mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
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Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role not only in homeostasis but also in carcinogenesis. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that hypertensive patients with upregulated systemic RAS functions are at a significantly increased risk for the subsequent development of cancers with poor outcomes, and moreover that RAS inhibitors reduce tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Notably, Helicobacter pylori infection, one of the major predictors of gastric carcinogenesis, generally leads to RAS component overexpression, as exemplified by that of angiotensin I, angiotensin II, angiotensin I converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor. Gastric mucosal RAS expression gradually increases with time after H. pylori infection with respect to the severity of inflammatory cell infiltration. Gastric carcinogenic potential is therefore considered to relate to RAS component expression levels and activities. This hypothesis is supported by findings that RAS genotypic variation can lead to high component expression levels (e.g. angiotensin I converting enzyme, chymase and angiotensinogen), and thereby increase the risk of development of gastric cancer. Thus, the RAS may be potently associated with the pathogenesis of H. pylori-related gastric carcinogenesis, and RAS inhibitors may provide tools for specifically preventing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Naohito Shirai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Enshu General Hospital, Shizuoka
| | - Takahisa Furuta
- Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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Sugimoto M, Ohno T, Yamaoka Y. Expression of angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptor mRNAs in the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:1177-86. [PMID: 21750885 PMCID: PMC3404294 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in normal homeostasis, carcinogenesis-related angiogenesis, and cell proliferation. Helicobacter pylori infection causes infiltration of inflammatory cells into the gastric mucosa and is considered the major cause of gastric cancer. Whether RAS plays a role in H. pylori infection-related gastric diseases remains unclear. We investigated the changes in gastric mucosal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and type 2 receptor (AT2R) mRNA levels throughout the time course of H. pylori infection in Mongolian gerbils. METHODS Mongolian gerbils were infected with wild-type H. pylori (for 12 months) or with its isogenic oipA mutant (for 3 months). Gastric mucosal AT1R and AT2R mRNA levels were assessed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The gastric mucosal AT1R mRNA level was significantly associated with the severity of inflammatory cell infiltration into the gastric mucosa that reached maximal levels at 12 months after infection in both the antrum and body. Inflammatory cell infiltration scores and AT1R and AT2R mRNA levels were significantly lower in oipA mutant than wild-type infections. Mucosal AT1R and AT2R mRNA expressions in wild-type H. pylori-infected gerbils with gastric ulcers were significantly higher than in those without ulcers (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Gastric mucosal ATR expression gradually increases during the course of H. pylori infection. Up-regulation of the RAS in association with progressive gastric inflammation suggests a potential role of the RAS in gastric carcinogenesis. OipA appears to play a role in AT1R and AT2R expression and the resulting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsushige Sugimoto
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Ohno
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is fundamental for the intake of fluid and electrolytes and accommodates a large proportion of bodily hemodynamics and host defence systems. Despite that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a prominent regulatory system for fluid and electrolyte homeostasis its impact on GI physiology is only little explored. Recent data indicate that RAS is well expressed and active in the GI tract although exact physiological roles are to be settled. There are several reports showing influences by RAS and its key mediator angiotensin II (AngII) on intestinal epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport and data are accumulating, suggesting involvement in GI mucosal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Of particular interest is the increasing amount of experimental support for the involvement of AngII formation and actions via the AngII subtype 1 (AT1) receptor in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The picture of RAS in the GI tract is, however, far from complete. Because RAS is an important application area for reno-cardiovascular diseases, a number of pharmacological agents as well as research technologies already exist and can in the future be used for GI research. A marked expansion of knowledge concerning the role of RAS in GI physiology and pathophysiology is to be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fändriks
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Hallersund P, Elfvin A, Helander HF, Fändriks L. The expression of renin-angiotensin system components in the human gastric mucosa. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2010; 12:54-64. [PMID: 20739374 DOI: 10.1177/1470320310379066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to map the distribution of representative protein components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the human gastric mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biopsies from the antral and corporal mucosa of healthy Helicobacter pylori negative and positive volunteers were assessed by histology, Western blot and immunohistochemistry for angiotensin II subtype 1 and 2 receptors (AT1R, AT2R) and other RAS components (angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin converting enzyme, and neprilysin). Mucosal levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) served as a protein marker of neutrophil infiltration. RESULTS AT1R and AT2R were located in a variety of cells in the human gastric mucosa, including AT1R on a subpopulation of endocrine cells in the antral mucosa. Angiotensinogen and renin were expressed by resident mesenchymal cells in lamina propria. All investigated RAS components were found in vascular endothelial cells. The AT1R protein expression was 3-4 times higher in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori positive subjects compared to the gastric mucosa of H. pylori negative subjects (p < 0.05). Gastric mucosal AT1R protein expression correlated positively with neutrophil infiltration (r = 0.7, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Protein components of RAS are present in the human gastric mucosa. The results suggest an angiotensin II mediated impact on mucosal epithelial functions, antral endocrine properties, microvascular permeability, and gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hallersund
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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