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Ahmadpour S, Habibi MA, Ghazi FS, Molazadeh M, Pashaie MR, Mohammadpour Y. The effects of tumor-derived supernatants (TDS) on cancer cell progression: A review and update on carcinogenesis and immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2024; 40:100823. [PMID: 38875884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Tumors can produce bioactive substances called tumor-derived supernatants (TDS) that modify the immune response in the host body. This can result in immunosuppressive effects that promote the growth and spread of cancer. During tumorigenesis, the exudation of these substances can disrupt the function of immune sentinels in the host and reinforce the support for cancer cell growth. Tumor cells produce cytokines, growth factors, and proteins, which contribute to the progression of the tumor and the formation of premetastatic niches. By understanding how cancer cells influence the host immune system through the secretion of these factors, we can gain new insights into cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmadpour
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Habibi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mikaeil Molazadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pashaie
- Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohammadpour
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Steitz AM, Schröder C, Knuth I, Keber CU, Sommerfeld L, Finkernagel F, Jansen JM, Wagner U, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Worzfeld T, Huber M, Beutgen VM, Graumann J, Pogge von Strandmann E, Müller R, Reinartz S. TRAIL-dependent apoptosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells by NK cells promotes ovarian cancer invasion. iScience 2023; 26:108401. [PMID: 38047087 PMCID: PMC10692662 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A crucial requirement for metastasis formation in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the disruption of the protective peritoneal mesothelium. Using co-culture systems of primary human cells, we discovered that tumor-associated NK cells induce TRAIL-dependent apoptosis in mesothelial cells via death receptors DR4 and DR5 upon encounter with activated T cells. Upregulation of TRAIL expression in NK cells concomitant with enhanced cytotoxicity toward mesothelial cells was driven predominantly by T-cell-derived TNFα, as shown by affinity proteomics-based analysis of the T cell secretome in conjunction with functional studies. Consistent with these findings, we detected apoptotic mesothelial cells in the peritoneal fluid of HGSC patients. In contrast to mesothelial cells, HGSC cells express negligible levels of both DR4 and DR5 and are TRAIL resistant, indicating cell-type-selective killing by NK cells. Our data point to a cooperative action of T and NK in breaching the mesothelial barrier in HGSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mary Steitz
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Clarissa Schröder
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Knuth
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna U. Keber
- Institute for Pathology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Leah Sommerfeld
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia M. Jansen
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology, Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital (UKGM), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology, Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital (UKGM), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller-Brüsselbach
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Worzfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa M. Beutgen
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Translational Proteomics, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Translational Proteomics, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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3
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Li Z, Qi J, Guo T, Li J. Research progress of Astragalus membranaceus in treating peritoneal metastatic cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116086. [PMID: 36587879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peritoneal metastasis is a manifestation of advanced cancer often associated with a poor prognosis and poor response to treatment. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge is a commonly used medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine with various biological activities. In patients with cancer, Astragalus membranaceus has demonstrated anti-tumor effects, immune regulation, postoperative recurrence and metastasis prevention, and survival prolongation. AIM OF THE STUDY Peritoneal metastasis results from tumor cell and peritoneal microenvironment co-evolution. We aimed to introduce and discuss the specific mechanism of action of Astragalus membranaceus in peritoneal metastasis treatment to provide a new perspective for treatment and further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS We consulted reports on the anti-peritoneal metastases effects of Astragalus membranaceus from PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases, as well as Google Scholar. Meanwhile, we also obtained data from published medical works and doctoral and master's theses. Then, we focused on the research progress of Astragalus membranaceus in peritoneal metastatic cancer treatment. Plant names are provided in accordance with "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS To date, more than 200 compounds have been isolated from Astragalus membranaceus. Among them, Astragalus polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids are the main bioactive components, and their effects on cancer have been extensively studied. In this review, we systematically summarize the effects of Astragalus membranaceus on the peritoneal metastasis microenvironment and related mechanisms, including maintaining the integrity of peritoneal mesothelial cells, restoring the peritoneal immune microenvironment, and inhibiting the formation of tumor blood vessels, matrix metalloproteinase, and dense tumor spheroids. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis demonstrates that Astragalus membranaceus could be a potential therapeutic for preventing the occurrence of peritoneal metastasis. However, it might be too early to recommend its use owing to the paucity of reliable in vivo experiment, clinical data, and evidence of clinical efficacy. In addition, previous studies of Astragalus membranaceus report inconsistent and contradictory findings. Therefore, detailed in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on the mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus in peritoneal metastatic cancer treatment are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Junliang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China; The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730030, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Lin XM, Wang ZJ, Lin YX, Chen H. Decreased exosome-delivered miR-486-5p is responsible for the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cells by promoting EMT progress. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:312. [PMID: 34686196 PMCID: PMC8539850 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aims to investigate the preliminary mechanism underlying the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Methods Exosomes from GC9811 cells (Con-Exo) and from GC9811-P cells (PM-Exo) were extracted by ultracentrifugation, which were identified with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle trafficking analysis, as well as the expression of CD9, CD63, and CD81 detected by Western blot assay. α-SMA expression was determined by immunofluorescence assay and Western blot assay. The levels of Snail1, E-cadherin, and Actin-related protein 3 (ACTR3) were evaluated by Western blot assay. MiRNA array was performed on exosomes to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs. The expressions of miRNAs, SMAD2, CDK4, and ACTR3 were determined by QRT-PCR. The delivery of miR-486-5p was confirmed by laser confocal detection. Results Firstly, TEM, nanoparticle trafficking analysis, and Western blot assays were used to confirm the successful extraction of Con-Exo and PM-Exo. The incubation of Con-Exo and PM-Exo could decrease E-cadherin expression and increase of α-SMA respectively in HMrSV5 cells, with the increased proportion of fusiform cells. More significant changes were observed in PM-Exo-treated HMrSV5 cells. Secondary, compared to Con-Exo, miR-486-5p and miR-132-3p were found downregulated, and miR-132-5p was found upregulated in PM-Exo. The transfection of miR-486-5p and miR-132-3p was observed to suppress EMT, and the transfection of miR-132-3p was observed to induce EMT. Laser confocal detection confirmed the delivery of miR-486-5p from gastric cancer cells to HMrSV5 cells through exosomes. Lastly, the expression of Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and ACTR3 was found to be downregulated via miR-486-5p. Conclusion Decreased delivery of miR-486-5p via exosomes might be responsible for the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer cells by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ming Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiao Lin
- Next Generation Sequencing, DIAN Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Next Generation Sequencing, Hangzhou Dian Huayin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Safety Evaluation Center, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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5
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Adithan A, John Peter JS, Mohammad AH, Kim B, Kang CW, Kim NS, Hwang KC, Kim JH. A gastric cancer cell derived extracellular compounds suppresses CD161 +CD3 - lymphocytes and aggravates tumor formation in a syngeneic mouse model. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:136-145. [PMID: 32120181 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Evasion of the immune system is often associated with malignant tumors. The cancer cell microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression, but its mechanism is largely unknown. Here we show that an extracellular compound derived from gastric cancer (GC-EC) selectively suppresses CD161+CD3- natural killer (NK) cells. Splenocytes treated with GC-EC showed considerable proliferation and the CD161+CD3- NK cell population was time-dependently suppressed. Intracellular staining of IFN-γ was shown to be down-regulated in concert with granzyme B and perforin. A cytotoxicity assay of splenocytes treated with GC-EC against K-562 cells showed a significant reduction in cytolytic activity. Further, the immune-suppressive effect of GC-EC was more evident in a syngeneic tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. Animals treated with B16 F10 and GC-EC exhibited more aggravated tumor formation than animals treated with B16 F10 only. We demonstrated that inhibition of apoptosis while increasing PI3 K/AKT levels may provoke tumor formation by GC-EC. A cytokine array revealed the presence of several cytokines in GC-EC that negatively regulate immune cytolytic activity and could be potential candidates for immune-suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinthan Adithan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Judith Sharmila John Peter
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Amjad Hossain Mohammad
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Yin S, Miao Z, Tan Y, Wang P, Xu X, Zhang C, Hou W, Huang J, Xu H. SPHK1-induced autophagy in peritoneal mesothelial cell enhances gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1731-1743. [PMID: 30791228 PMCID: PMC6488120 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination (GCPD) has been recognized as the most common form of metastasis in advanced gastric cancer (GC), and the survival is pessimistic. The injury of mesothelial cells plays an important role in GCPD. However, its molecular mechanism is not entirely clear. Here, we focused on the sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) which regulates HPMCs autophagy in GCPD progression. Initially, we analyzed SPHK1 expression immunohistochemically in 120 GC peritoneal tissues, and found high SPHK1 expression to be significantly associated with LC3B expression and peritoneal recurrence, leading to poor prognosis. Using a coculture system, we observed that GC cells promoted HPMCs autophagy and this process was inhibited by blocking TGF-β1 secreted from GC cells. Autophagic HPMCs induced adhesion and invasion of GC cells. We also confirmed that knockdown of SPHK1 expression in HPMCs inhibited TGF-β1-induced autophagy. In addition, SPHK1-driven autophagy of HPMCs accelerated GC cells occurrence of GCPD in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we explored the relationship between autophagy and fibrosis in HPMCs, observing that overexpression of SPHK1 induced HPMCs fibrosis, while the inhibition of autophagy weakened HPMCs fibrosis. Taken together, our results provided new insights for understanding the mechanisms of GCPD and established SPHK1 as a novel target for GCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcheng Yin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhifeng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuen Tan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengliang Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Gynecology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenbin Hou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Huimian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, Heping District, Shenyang, China
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7
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Dong L, Zheng X, Wang G. Peritoneal adhesions induce T h17/Treg imbalance in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4352-4362. [PMID: 31949832 PMCID: PMC6962961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate to a distinct subset to mount specific inflammatory responses while minimizing self-reactivity. Recent work has identified that an imbalance between T helper (Th) 17 cell and regulatory T (Treg) cells is involved in the pathophysiology of tumor immune responses. The factors that modulate the development of Th17 and Treg cells are variable but still unclear. Peritoneal adhesion is a common complication of surgery and peritonitis, which can lead to abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and infertility. In this study, we examined the role of peritoneal adhesions in development of Th17 and Treg cells and discovered that adhesions reduced proliferation of Th17 cells and promoted the Tregs. in particular we found that adhesion modulated the activity of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 5 which was critical for the development of Th17 and Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qi Lu Hospital of Shan Dong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHeilongjiang, China
| | - Guonian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHeilongjiang, China
- Department of Pain Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Medical SciencesHeilongjiang, China
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8
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Deng G, Qu J, Zhang Y, Che X, Cheng Y, Fan Y, Zhang S, Na D, Liu Y, Qu X. Gastric cancer-derived exosomes promote peritoneal metastasis by destroying the mesothelial barrier. FEBS Lett 2017. [PMID: 28643334 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An intact mesothelium serves as a protective barrier to inhibit peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer-derived exosomes can mediate directional tumor metastasis; however, little is known about whether gastric cancer-derived exosomes will destroy the mesothelial barrier and promote peritoneal dissemination. Here, we demonstrate that gastric cancer-derived exosomes facilitate peritoneal metastasis by causing mesothelial barrier disruption and peritoneal fibrosis. Injury of peritoneal mesothelial cells elicited by gastric cancer-derived exosomes is through concurrent apoptosis and mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT). Additionally, upregulation of p-ERK in peritoneal mesothelial cells is primarily responsible for the MMT while contributing little to apoptosis. Together, these data support the concept that exosomes play a crucial role in remodeling the premetastatic microenvironment and identify a novel mechanism for peritoneal metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinglei Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Simeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Na
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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9
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Lv ZD, Zhao WJ, Jin LY, Wang WJ, Dong Q, Li N, Xu HM, Wang HB. Blocking TGF-β1 by P17 peptides attenuates gastric cancer cell induced peritoneal fibrosis and prevents peritoneal dissemination in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:27-33. [PMID: 28092842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the peritoneal stroma environment favors proliferation of tumor cells by serving as a rich source of growth factors and chemokines known to be involved in tumor metastasis. In this study, we investigated the interaction between gastric cancer cells and peritoneal mesothelial cells, and determined the effects of TGF-β1 in this processing. Human peritoneal tissues and peritoneal wash fluid were obtained, which examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining or ELISA for measurements of TGF-β1 levels. The peritoneal mesothelial cells were co-incubated with the supernatants of gastric cancer, the expression of TGF-β1, collagen and fibronectin was observed by ELISA and western blot. We then investigated the effects of serum-free conditioned media from HSC-39 gastric cancer cells on the peritoneum of nude mice, and the effects of peritoneal fibrosis on the development of peritoneal metastasis in vivo. The peritoneum from gastric patients were thickened and contained extensive fibrosis. After co-culture both gastric tumor cells and mesothelial cells, we found that TGF-β1 expression was greatly increased in the co-culture system compared to individual culture condition. Serum-free Conditioned Media from HSC-39 was able to induce extracellular matrix expression in vitro and in vivo, and tumorigenicity in mice with peritoneal fibrosis was greater than in mice with normal peritoneum, while blocking TGF-β1 by peptide P17 can partially inhibit these effects. In conclusion, these results indicated that the interaction of gastric cancer with peritoneal fibrosis and determined that TGF-β1 plays a key role in induction of peritoneal fibrosis, which in turn affected dissemination of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Wei-Jun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, PR China
| | - Li-Ying Jin
- Cerebrovascular Disease Research Institute and (e)Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qian Dong
- Departments of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Hui-Mian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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10
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Endoglin overexpression mediates gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination by inducing mesothelial cell senescence. Hum Pathol 2016; 51:114-23. [PMID: 27067789 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination (PD), which is highly frequent in gastric cancer (GC) patients, is the main cause of death in advanced GC. Senescence of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) may contribute to GC peritoneal dissemination (GCPD). In this study of 126 patients, we investigated the association between Endoglin expression in GC peritoneum and the clinicopathological features. The prognosis of patients was evaluated according to Endoglin and ID1 expression. In vitro, GC cell (GCC)-HPMC coculture was established. Endoglin and ID1 expression was evaluated by Western blot. Cell cycle and HPMC senescence were analyzed after harvesting HPMC from the coculture. GCC adhesion and invasion to HPMC were also assayed. Our results showed that positive staining of Endoglin (38%) was associated with a higher TNM stage and higher incidence of GCPD (both P < .05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the patients who were Endoglin positive had a shorter survival time compared with Endoglin-negative patients (P = .02). Using the HPMC and GCC adherence and invasion assay, we demonstrated that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β)1-induced HPMC senescence was attenuated by silencing the Endoglin expression, which also prevented GCC attachment and invasion. Our study indicated a positive correlation between Endoglin overexpression and GCPD. Up-regulated Endoglin expression induced HPMC senescence via TGF-β1 pathway. The findings suggest that Endoglin-induced HPMC senescence may contribute to peritoneal dissemination of GCCs.
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11
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Lung cancer cells induce senescence and apoptosis of pleural mesothelial cells via transforming growth factor-beta1. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2657-65. [PMID: 25433501 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural dissemination is commonly associated with metastatic advanced lung cancer. The injury of pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) by soluble factors, such as transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), is a major driver of lung cancer pleural dissemination (LCPD). In this study, we examine the effects of TGF-β1 on PMC injury and the ability of TGF-β1 inhibition to alleviate this effect both in vitro and in vivo. PMCs were co-cultured with the high TGF-β1-expressing lung cancer cell line A549 and with various TGF-β1 signaling inhibitors. Expression of cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 9, p21, and p16 were evaluated by Western blot and immunofluorescent confocal imaging. Apoptosis was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltrazoliumbromide assay and AnnexinV-propidium iodide (PI) staining. PMC senescence was assessed by staining for senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal). The ability of lung cancer cells (LCCs) to adhere to injured PMCs was investigated using an LCC-PMC adhesion assay. In our mouse model, PMC injury status was monitored by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining. LCCs expressing high levels of TGF-β1 induce apoptosis and senescence of PMCs in a co-culture system. Injured PMCs adhere to LCCs, which may further promote LCPD. Importantly, PMC monolayer injury could be reversed with TGF-β1 inhibitors. This was consistent with our in vivo data showing that the TGF-β1 inhibitor SB-431542 attenuated PMC barrier injury induced by A549 culture medium in our mouse model. Our study highlights the importance of TGF-β1 signaling in LCPD and establishes this signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in the disease.
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Na D, Song Y, Jiang CG, Sun Z, Xu YY, Wang ZN, Zhao ZZ, Xu HM. Induction of apoptosis in human peritoneal mesothelial cells by gastric cancer cell supernatant promotes peritoneal carcinomatosis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8301-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Tumor-associated mesothelial cells are negative prognostic factors in gastric cancer and promote peritoneal dissemination of adherent gastric cancer cells by chemotaxis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6105-11. [PMID: 24615523 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is highly frequent in gastric cancer. Damage to human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) barriers provokes gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination (GCPD), the key events during GCPD, is characterized by fibroblastic development. In this study, we have studied the association between fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression in peritoneum and the pathological features of the primary tumor. The clinical prognosis of gastric cancer patients was evaluated according to FAP expression. In a gastric cancer cell-HPMC co-culture system, expression of E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin, and FAP were evaluated by Western blotting. Gastric cancer cell migration and adhesion to HPMC were also assayed. Our results showed positive peritoneal staining of FAP in 36/86 cases (41.9 %), which was associated with a higher TNM stage in primary gastric cancer and higher incidence of GCPD (both p<0.05). Survival analysis showed FAP expression was an independent prognostic factor of poor survival (p=0.02). Peritoneum of FAP-positive expression exhibited a distinct fibrotic development and expressed higher level of the mesenchymal marker α-SMA, which was confirmed by the in vitro Western blot assay. In HPMC and gastric cancer cell adherence assay, SGC-7901 cells preferentially adhered to TA-HPMC at different cell densities (both p<0.05). Additionally, SGC-7901 cells were more prone to chemotaxis by FAP-expressed tumor-associated-human peritoneal mesothelial cells (TA-HPMC) compared with HPMC co-cultured with normal gastric glandular epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner (both p<0.05). Our study indicated a positive correlation between peritoneum FAP expression and GCPD. FAP-expressed TA-HPMC might be an important cellular component and instigator of GCPD.
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Miao ZF, Zhao TT, Wang ZN, Miao F, Xu YY, Mao XY, Gao J, Wu JH, Liu XY, You Y, Xu H, Xu HM. Transforming growth factor-beta1 signaling blockade attenuates gastric cancer cell-induced peritoneal mesothelial cell fibrosis and alleviates peritoneal dissemination both in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:3575-83. [PMID: 24347485 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is the most frequent metastatic pattern of advanced gastric cancer and the main cause of death in gastric cancer patients. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF- ß1), one of the most potent fibrotic stimuli for human peritoneal mesothelial cells, has been shown to play an important role in this process. In this study, we investigated the effect of TGF- ß1 signaling blockade in gastric cancer cell (GCC)-induced human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) fibrosis. HPMCs were cocultured with the high TGF- ß1 expressing GCC line SGC-7901 and various TGF- ß1 signaling inhibitors or SGC-7901 transfected with TGF-ß1-specific siRNA. HPMC fibrosis was monitored on the basis of morphology. Expression of the epithelial cell marker, E-cadherin, and the mesenchymal marker, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence confocal imaging. GCC adhesion to HPMC was also assayed. In nude mouse tumor model, the peritoneal fibrotic status was monitored by immunofluorescent confocal imaging and Masson's trichrome staining; formation of metastatic nodular and ascites fluid was also evaluated. Our study demonstrated that GCC expressing high levels of TGF-ß1 induced HMPC fibrosis, which is characterized by both upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of α-SMA. Furthermore, HPMC monolayers fibrosis was reversed by TGF- ß1 signaling blockade. In vivo, the TGF- ß1 receptor inhibitor SB-431542 partially attenuated early-stage gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination (GCPD). In conclusion, our study confirms the significance of TGFß1 signaling blockade in attenuating GCPD and may provide a therapeutic target for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Liu XY, Miao ZF, Zhao TT, Wang ZN, Xu YY, Gao J, Wu JH, You Y, Xu H, Xu HM. Milky spot macrophages remodeled by gastric cancer cells promote peritoneal mesothelial cell injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:378-83. [PMID: 23994334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination (PD) is the most frequent metastatic pattern of advanced gastric cancer (GC) and the main cause of death in GC patients. Human peritoneal mesothelial cell (HPMC) injury induced by gastric cancer cells (GCCs) and GCC outgrowths supported by peritoneal milky spot macrophages (PMSMs) are the key events during gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination (GCPD). In this study, we investigated whether PMSMs remodeled by GCC can induce HPMC injury and create a favorable microenvironment for GCPD. We established a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) model using in vitro cell coculture. Normal macrophages cocultured with GCCs down-regulated expression of antigen-presenting surface molecules CD80, CD86, and MHC-II, but, notably, they up-regulated expression of phagocytic scavenger receptor CD206, which is similar to the M2 macrophage phenotype. In further experiments, various experimental methods were applied to detect the injurious effect of TAMs on HPMCs in another TAM-HPMC coculture. Our results showed that GCCs can induce HPMC apoptosis by unregulated apoptosis associated with cleaved caspase3, cleaved caspase9, and p21 proteins. HPMC growth ceased, and both early- and late-stage apoptosis were observed. Additionally, GCCs can induce HPMC fibrosis via increased expression of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and decreased expression of mesenchymal cell marker α-SMA. Our results demonstrate that, in the GCPD process, PMSMs were remodeled by GCCs, resulting in phenotypic and functional transformation. In turn, this transformation induced HPMC injury and provided a favorable microenvironment for GCC anchorage and growth. These results may provide new insight into the mechanisms of GCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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