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Caetano DG, Toledo TS, de Lima ACS, Giacoia-Gripp CBW, de Almeida DV, de Lima SMB, Azevedo ADS, Morata M, Grinsztejn B, Cardoso SW, da Costa MD, Brandão LGP, Bispo de Filippis AM, Scott-Algara D, Coelho LE, Côrtes FH. Impact of HIV-Related Immune Impairment of Yellow Fever Vaccine Immunogenicity in People Living with HIV-ANRS 12403. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:578. [PMID: 38932307 PMCID: PMC11209244 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The yellow fever (YF) vaccine is one of the safest and most effective vaccines currently available. Still, its administration in people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited due to safety concerns and a lack of consensus regarding decreased immunogenicity and long-lasting protection for this population. The mechanisms associated with impaired YF vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH are not fully understood, but the general immune deregulation during HIV infection may play an important role. To assess if HIV infection impacts YF vaccine immunogenicity and if markers of immune deregulation could predict lower immunogenicity, we evaluated the association of YF neutralization antibody (NAb) titers with the pre-vaccination frequency of activated and exhausted T cells, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and frequency of T cells, B cells, and monocyte subsets in PLWH and HIV-negative controls. We observed impaired YF vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH with lower titers of YF-NAbs 30 days after vaccination, mainly in individuals with CD4 count <350 cells/mm3. At the baseline, those individuals were characterized by having a higher frequency of activated and exhausted T cells and tissue-like memory B cells. Elevated levels of those markers were also observed in individuals with CD4 count between 500 and 350 cells/mm3. We observed a negative correlation between the pre-vaccination level of CD8+ T cell exhaustion and CD4+ T cell activation with YF-NAb titers at D365 and the pre-vaccination level of IP-10 with YF-NAb titers at D30 and D365. Our results emphasize the impact of immune activation, exhaustion, and inflammation in YF vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gama Caetano
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.G.C.); (T.S.T.); (A.C.S.d.L.); (C.B.W.G.-G.); (D.V.d.A.)
| | - Thais Stelzer Toledo
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.G.C.); (T.S.T.); (A.C.S.d.L.); (C.B.W.G.-G.); (D.V.d.A.)
| | - Ana Carolina Souza de Lima
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.G.C.); (T.S.T.); (A.C.S.d.L.); (C.B.W.G.-G.); (D.V.d.A.)
| | - Carmem Beatriz Wagner Giacoia-Gripp
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.G.C.); (T.S.T.); (A.C.S.d.L.); (C.B.W.G.-G.); (D.V.d.A.)
| | - Dalziza Victalina de Almeida
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.G.C.); (T.S.T.); (A.C.S.d.L.); (C.B.W.G.-G.); (D.V.d.A.)
| | - Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima
- Departamento de Desenvolvimento Experimental e Pré-Clínico (DEDEP), Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Adriana de Souza Azevedo
- Laboratório de Análise Imunomolecular (LANIM), Bio-Manguinhos/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Michelle Morata
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (M.M.); (B.G.); (S.W.C.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (M.M.); (B.G.); (S.W.C.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Sandra Wagner Cardoso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (M.M.); (B.G.); (S.W.C.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Marcellus Dias da Costa
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Imunização e Vigilância em Saúde (LIVS), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (M.D.d.C.); (L.G.P.B.)
| | - Luciana Gomes Pedro Brandão
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Imunização e Vigilância em Saúde (LIVS), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (M.D.d.C.); (L.G.P.B.)
| | | | | | - Lara Esteves Coelho
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (M.M.); (B.G.); (S.W.C.); (L.E.C.)
| | - Fernanda Heloise Côrtes
- Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (D.G.C.); (T.S.T.); (A.C.S.d.L.); (C.B.W.G.-G.); (D.V.d.A.)
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García-Machorro J, Gutiérrez-Sánchez M, Rojas-Ortega DA, Bello M, Andrade-Ochoa S, Díaz-Hernández S, Correa-Basurto J, Rojas-Hernández S. Identification of peptide epitopes of the gp120 protein of HIV-1 capable of inducing cellular and humoral immunity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9078-9090. [PMID: 36950073 PMCID: PMC10025946 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and a high percentage of deaths. Therefore, it is necessary to design vaccines against HIV-1 for the prevention of AIDS. Bioinformatic tools and theoretical algorisms allow us to understand the structural proteins of viruses to develop vaccines based on immunogenic peptides (epitopes). In this work, we identified the epitopes: P1, P2, P10, P27 and P30 from the gp120 protein of HIV-1. These peptides were administered intranasally alone or with cholera toxin (CT) to BALB/c mice. The population of CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes and B cells (CD19/CD138+, IgA+ and IgG+) from nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, nasal passages, cervical and inguinal nodes was determined by flow cytometry. In addition, anti-peptides IgG and IgA from serum, nasal and vaginal washings were measured by ELISA. The results show that peptides administered by i.n. can modulate the immune response of T and B lymphocyte populations, as well as IgA and IgG antibodies secretion in the different sites analyzed. In conclusion, bioinformatics tools help us to select peptides with physicochemical properties that allow the induction of the humoral and cellular responses that depend on the peptide sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín García-Machorro
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n Col. Casco de Santo Tomas Delegación Miguel Hidalgo C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Mara Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular y Celular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional México City Mexico
| | - Diego Alexander Rojas-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular y Celular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional México City Mexico
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n Col. Casco de Santo Tomas Delegación Miguel Hidalgo C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Sergio Andrade-Ochoa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N 31125 Chihuahua México
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N Colonia Santo Tomas 11340 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Sebastián Díaz-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n Col. Casco de Santo Tomas Delegación Miguel Hidalgo C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n Col. Casco de Santo Tomas Delegación Miguel Hidalgo C.P. 11340 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Saúl Rojas-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular y Celular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional México City Mexico
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Chimbola OM, Lungu EM, Szomolay B. Optimal control application to a Kaposi’s sarcoma treatment model. INT J BIOMATH 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524521500819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a malignant disorder of lymphatic endothelial origin that can have two main variants: AIDS-related KS (AKS) and non-AIDS related KS (NAKS) that all share a causal relationship with the human herpesvirus-8 (KSHV or HHV-8). We develop a mathematical model that accounts for B-cells latently and lytically infected with HHV-8 as well as the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. As a sequel to numerous studies that have investigated the inhibition of HHV-8 endocytosis and reactivation of HHV-8 replication, we employ optimal control strategy to obtain treatment efficacies for these two therapeutic approaches. We have shown that when [Formula: see text] of the B-cell infections result in latency, administration of high efficacy drugs that inhibit entry and reactivation of latently infected B-cells leads to the clearance of KS as the population of infected cells cannot be sustained. Our results also reveal that at [Formula: see text] latency of B-cells, the therapy could produce similar results if the drug that targets viral entry is of moderate efficacy but the efficacy of the drug inhibiting reactivation is considerably more than [Formula: see text] Administration of the same drugs but both at moderate efficacy levels leads to the depletion of both uninfected B- and progenitor cells, a scenario which can lead to the growth of KS variants. When [Formula: see text] of the B-cell infections result in latency, administration with high efficacy drugs reduces the viral entry of HHV-8 but as [Formula: see text] of the infected B-cells are productive, this event leads to production of HHV-8 which ultimately results in more progenitor cells getting infected and the growth of KS. Our findings have the potential to offer more effective therapeutic approaches in the treatment of NAKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obias M. Chimbola
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mulungushi University, P. O. Box 80415, Kabwe, Zambia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P/B 16 Palapye, Botswana
| | - Edward M. Lungu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, P/B 16 Palapye, Botswana
| | - Barbara Szomolay
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
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Baroncelli S, Maria Galluzzo C, Liotta G, Orlando S, Ciccacci F, Andreotti M, Mpwhere R, Luhanga R, Sagno JB, Amici R, Marazzi MC, Giuliano M. IgG abnormalities in HIV-positive Malawian women initiating antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy persist after 24 months of treatment. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 88:1-7. [PMID: 31499207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypergammaglobulinemia and anomalies in the IgG subclass distribution are common in HIV-infected individuals and persist even after many years of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The aim of this study was to investigate the IgG profile and dynamics in pregnant HIV-infected Malawian women in the Option B era. METHODS Thirty-seven treatment-naive women received ART from the third trimester of pregnancy to 6 months post delivery (end of the breastfeeding period). ART continuation (group C) or interruption (group I) was then decided on the basis of the CD4+ cell count at enrolment (>350 or ≤350/μl). Total IgG and IgG subclasses were determined in maternal serum using a nephelometric assay at baseline and at 6 and 24 months postpartum. RESULTS At enrolment, 36/37 women had IgG levels >15g/l and there was a predominance of the IgG1 isotype (more than 90%) in parallel with underrepresentation of IgG2 (5.0%). After 6 months of ART, both groups showed a significant median decrease in total IgG (-3.1g/l in group I, -3.5g/l in group C) and in IgG1 (-4.0g/l and -3.6g/l, respectively), but only a modest recovery in IgG2 levels (+0.16 in group I, +0.14g/l in group C). At month 24, hypergammaglobulinemia was still present in 73.7% of women in group C, although a significant reduction was observed in total IgG level and in IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses (p<0.0001 in all cases). IgG2 levels did not show any significant change. In group I at 24 months, total IgG and IgG subclasses had returned to levels comparable to those at baseline. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial effects of 24 months of ART appear to be limited in the B-cell compartment, with an incomplete reduction of total IgG levels and no recovery of IgG2 depletion. A short ART period did not have significant effects on IgG abnormalities in women who interrupted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baroncelli
- National Centre for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Clementina Maria Galluzzo
- National Centre for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Liotta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Orlando
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Ciccacci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- National Centre for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Mpwhere
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, PO Box 30355, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Richard Luhanga
- DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, PO Box 30355, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Roberta Amici
- National Centre for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marina Giuliano
- National Centre for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The induction of neutralizing antibodies directed against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has received considerable attention in recent years, in part driven by renewed interest and opportunities for antibody-based strategies for prevention such as passive transfer of antibodies and the development of preventive vaccines, as well as immune-based therapeutic interventions. Advances in the ability to screen, isolate, and characterize HIV-specific antibodies have led to the identification of a new generation of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). The majority of these antibodies have been isolated from B cells of chronically HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia. In this review, we provide insight into the phenotypic and functional attributes of human B cells, with a focus on HIV-specific memory B cells and plasmablasts/cells that are responsible for sustaining humoral immune responses against HIV. We discuss the abnormalities in B cells that occur in HIV infection both in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, especially in the setting of persisting viremia. Finally, we consider the opportunities and drawbacks of intensively interrogating antibodies isolated from HIV-infected individuals to guide strategies aimed at developing effective antibody-based vaccine and therapeutic interventions for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Anthony S. Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
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Tanko RF, Soares AP, Müller TL, Garrett NJ, Samsunder N, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Riou C, Burgers WA. Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Memory and Activation Profiles of B Cells in HIV-Infected African Women. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1220-1228. [PMID: 28039305 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus infection induces a wide range of effects in B cells, including skewed memory cell differentiation, compromised B cell function, and hypergammaglobulinemia. However, data on the extent to which these B cell abnormalities can be reversed by antiretroviral therapy (ART) are limited. To investigate the effect of ART on B cells, the activation (CD86) and differentiation (IgD, CD27, and CD38) profiles of B cells were measured longitudinally in 19 HIV-infected individuals before (median, 2 mo) and after ART initiation (median, 12 mo) and compared with 19 age-matched HIV-uninfected individuals using flow cytometry. Twelve months of ART restored the typical distribution of B cell subsets, increasing the proportion of naive B cells (CD27-IgD+CD38-) and concomitantly decreasing the immature transitional (CD27-IgD+CD38+), unswitched memory (CD27+IgD+CD38-), switched memory (CD27+IgD-CD38- or CD27-IgD-CD38-), and plasmablast (CD27+IgD-CD38high) subsets. However, B cell activation was only partially normalized post-ART, with the frequency of activated B cells (CD86+CD40+) reduced compared with pre-ART levels (p = 0.0001), but remaining significantly higher compared with HIV-uninfected individuals (p = 0.0001). Interestingly, unlike for T cell activation profiles, the extent of B cell activation prior to ART did not correlate with HIV plasma viral load, but positively associated with plasma sCD14 levels (p = 0.01, r = 0.58). Overall, ART partially normalizes the skewed B cell profiles induced by HIV, with some activation persisting. Understanding the effects of HIV on B cell dysfunction and restoration following ART may provide important insights into the mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla F Tanko
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Andreia P Soares
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Tracey L Müller
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Natasha Samsunder
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Catherine Riou
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; .,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Tsachouridou O, Skoura L, Zebekakis P, Margariti A, Galanos A, Pilalas D, Daniilidis M, Malisiovas N, Metallidis S. Alterations in memory B cell subsets upon immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae in HIV-1 infected adults. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hivar.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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SZOMOLAY BARBARA, LUNGU EDWARDM. A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF AIDS-RELATED KAPOSI'S SARCOMA. J BIOL SYST 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339014500247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We formulate a mathematical model to study the dynamics of HIV-1 related Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) pathogenesis. KS progression is modeled as a dual process involving the primary infection of B cells, which sustains HHV-8 replication and the secondary infection of progenitor cells by HHV-8, which sustains the KS cell replication. We incorporate the pharmacodynamics of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), or combination therapy (HAART plus KS therapy) and consider how each treatment strategy alters the disease progression. Our results indicate that administration of HAART to individuals co-infected with the HIV-1 and HHV-8 viruses can greatly amplify the therapeutic response of low-dose KS therapies. We have found that adherence levels above 85% can significantly reduce the risk of KS and HIV for a treatment periods under 1 year. For longer treatment periods, however, at least 90% adherence level is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- BARBARA SZOMOLAY
- Department of Mathematics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - EDWARD M. LUNGU
- Department of Mathematics, University of Botswana, P. Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana, Southern Africa
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9
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Yin L, Hou W, Liu L, Cai Y, Wallet MA, Gardner BP, Chang K, Lowe AC, Rodriguez CA, Sriaroon P, Farmerie WG, Sleasman JW, Goodenow MM. IgM Repertoire Biodiversity is Reduced in HIV-1 Infection and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2013; 4:373. [PMID: 24298273 PMCID: PMC3828670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HIV-1 infection or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disrupt B cell homeostasis, reduce memory B cells, and impair function of IgG and IgM antibodies. Objective: To determine how disturbances in B cell populations producing polyclonal antibodies relate to the IgM repertoire, the IgM transcriptome in health and disease was explored at the complementarity determining region 3 (CDRH3) sequence level. Methods: 454-deep pyrosequencing in combination with a novel analysis pipeline was applied to define populations of IGHM CDRH3 sequences based on absence or presence of somatic hypermutations (SHM) in peripheral blood B cells. Results: HIV or SLE subjects have reduced biodiversity within their IGHM transcriptome compared to healthy subjects, mainly due to a significant decrease in the number of unique combinations of alleles, although recombination machinery was intact. While major differences between sequences without or with SHM occurred among all groups, IGHD and IGHJ allele use, CDRH3 length distribution, or generation of SHM were similar among study cohorts. Antiretroviral therapy failed to normalize IGHM biodiversity in HIV-infected individuals. All subjects had a low frequency of allelic combinations within the IGHM repertoire similar to known broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies. Conclusion: Polyclonal expansion would decrease overall IgM biodiversity independent of other mechanisms for development of the B cell repertoire. Applying deep sequencing as a strategy to follow development of the IgM repertoire in health and disease provides a novel molecular assessment of multiple points along the B cell differentiation pathway that is highly sensitive for detecting perturbations within the repertoire at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA ; Florida Center for AIDS Research, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Nnedu ON, O'Leary MP, Mutua D, Mutai B, Kalantari-Dehaghi M, Jasinskas A, Nakajima-Sasaki R, John-Stewart G, Otieno P, Liang X, Waitumbi J, Kimani F, Camerini D, Felgner PL, Walson JL, Vigil A. Humoral immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum among HIV-1-infected Kenyan adults. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 5:613-23. [PMID: 21956928 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Humoral immune responses play a pivotal role in naturally acquired immunity to malaria. Understanding which humoral responses are impaired among individuals at higher risk for malaria may improve our understanding of malaria immune control and contribute to vaccine development. METHODS We compared humoral responses with 483 Plasmodium falciparum antigens between adults in, Kisumu (high, year-long malaria transmission leading to partial immunity), and adults in Kisii (low, seasonal malaria transmission). Then within each site, we compared malaria-specific humoral responses between those at higher risk for malaria (CD4(+) ≤500) and those at lower risk for malaria (CD4(+) >500). A protein microarray chip containing 483 P. falciparum antigens and 71 HIV antigens was used. Benjamini-Hochberg adjustments were made to control for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Fifty-seven antigens including CSP, MSP1, LSA1 and AMA1 were identified as significantly more reactive in Kisumu than in Kisii. Ten of these antigens had been identified as protective in an earlier study. CD4(+) T-cell count did not significantly impact humoral responses. CONCLUSION Protein microarrays are a useful method to screen multiple humoral responses simultaneously. This study provides useful clues for potential vaccine candidates. Modest decreases in CD4 counts may not significantly impact malaria-specific humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obinna N Nnedu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Tulane University, New Orleans, LO, USA.
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11
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Immune markers and correlates of protection for vaccine induced immune responses. Vaccine 2012; 30:4907-20. [PMID: 22658928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines have been a major innovation in the history of mankind and still have the potential to address the challenges posed by chronic intracellular infections including tuberculosis, HIV and malaria which are leading causes of high morbidity and mortality across the world. Markers of an appropriate humoral response currently remain the best validated correlates of protective immunity after vaccination. Despite advancements in the field of immunology over the past few decades currently there are, however, no sufficiently validated immune correlates of vaccine induced protection against chronic infections in neither human nor veterinary medicine. Technological and conceptual advancements within cell-mediated immunology have led to a number of new immunological read-outs with the potential to emerge as correlates of vaccine induced protection. For T(H)1 type responses, antigen-specific production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has been promoted as a quantitative marker of protective cell-mediated immune responses over the past couple of decades. More recently, however, evidence from several infections has pointed towards the quality of the immune response, measured through increased levels of antigen-specific polyfunctional T cells capable of producing a triad of relevant cytokines, as a better correlate of sustained protective immunity against this type of infections. Also the possibilities to measure antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) during infection or in response to vaccination, through recombinant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I tetramers loaded with relevant peptides, has opened a new vista to include CTL responses in the evaluation of protective immune responses. Here, we review different immune markers and new candidates for correlates of a protective vaccine induced immune response against chronic infections and how successful they have been in defining the protective immunity in human and veterinary medicine.
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Hochman S, Kim K. The Impact of HIV Coinfection on Cerebral Malaria Pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF NEUROPARASITOLOGY 2012; 3:235547. [PMID: 22545215 PMCID: PMC3336366 DOI: 10.4303/jnp/235547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection is widespread throughout the world and is especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Similarly, Plasmodium falciparum, the most common cause of severe malaria, affects large areas of sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia. Although initial studies suggested that HIV and malaria had independent impact upon patient outcomes, recent studies have indicated a more significant interaction. Clinical studies have shown that people infected with HIV have more frequent and severe episodes of malaria, and parameters of HIV disease progression worsen in individuals during acute malaria episodes. However, the effect of HIV on development of cerebral malaria, a manifestation of P. falciparum infection that is frequently fatal, has not been characterized. We review clinical and basic science studies pertaining to HIV and malaria coinfection and cerebral malaria in particular in order to highlight the likely role HIV plays in exacerbating cerebral malaria pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hochman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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van Grevenynghe J, Cubas RA, Noto A, DaFonseca S, He Z, Peretz Y, Filali-Mouhim A, Dupuy FP, Procopio FA, Chomont N, Balderas RS, Said EA, Boulassel MR, Tremblay CL, Routy JP, Sékaly RP, Haddad EK. Loss of memory B cells during chronic HIV infection is driven by Foxo3a- and TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:3877-88. [PMID: 21926463 DOI: 10.1172/jci59211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of memory B cells occurs from the onset of HIV-1 infection and persists into the chronic stages of infection. Lack of survival of these cells, even in subjects being treated, could primarily be the consequence of an altered local microenvironment induced by HIV infection. In this study we showed that memory B cell survival was significantly decreased in aviremic successfully treated (ST) subjects compared with subjects who control viral load as a result of natural immunity (elite controller [EC]) or with uninfected control (HIV-) subjects. The lower survival levels observed in memory B cells from ST subjects were the result of disrupted IL-2 signaling that led to increased transcriptional activity of Foxo3a and increased expression of its proapoptotic target TRAIL. Notably, memory B cell survival in ST subjects was significantly enhanced by the addition of exogenous IL-2 in a Foxo3a-dependent manner. We further showed that Foxo3a silencing by siRNA resulted in decreased expression of TRAIL and apoptosis levels in memory B cells from ST subjects. Our results thus establish a direct role for Foxo3a/TRAIL signaling in the persistence of memory B cells and provide a mechanism for the reduced survival of memory B cells during HIV infection. This knowledge could be exploited for the development of therapeutic and preventative HIV vaccines.
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