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Chathurangika P, Premadasa LS, Perera SSN, De Silva K. Determining dengue infection risk in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka by inferencing the genetic parameters of Aedes mosquitoes. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:944. [PMID: 39251932 PMCID: PMC11385510 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, dengue has posed a significant threat as a viral infectious disease, affecting numerous human lives globally, particularly in tropical regions, yet no cure has been discovered. The genetic trait of vector competence in Aedes mosquitoes, which facilitates dengue transmission, is difficult to measure and highly sensitive to environmental changes. METHODS In this study we attempt, for the first time in a non-laboratory setting, to quantify the vector competence of Aedes mosquitoes assuming its homogeneity across both species; aegypti and albopictus and across the four Dengue serotypes. Estimating vector competence in relation to varying rainfall patterns was focused in this study to showcase the changes in this vector trait with respect to environmental variables. We quantify it using an existing mathematical model originally developed for malaria in a Bayesian inferencing setup. We conducted this study in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka where the highest number of human populations are threatened with dengue. Colombo district experiences continuous favorable temperature and humidity levels throughout the year creating ideal conditions for Aedes mosquitoes to thrive and transmit the Dengue disease. Therefore we only used the highly variable and seasonal rainfall as the primary environmental variable as it significantly influences the number of breeding sites and thereby impacting the population dynamics of Aedes. RESULTS Our research successfully deduced vector competence values for the four identified seasons based on Monsoon rainfalls experienced in Colombo within a year. We used dengue data from 2009 - 2022 to infer the estimates. These estimated values have been corroborated through experimental studies documented in the literature, thereby validating the malaria model to estimate vector competence for dengue disease. CONCLUSION Our research findings conclude that environmental conditions can amplify vector competence within specific seasons, categorized by their environmental attributes. Additionally, the deduced vector competence offers compelling evidence that it impacts disease transmission, irrespective of geographical location, climate, or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyumi Chathurangika
- Research & Development Centre for Mathematical Modeling, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, 00030, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Lakmini S Premadasa
- International Center for the Advancement of Research and Education (I·CARE), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, 78227, TX, USA
| | - S S N Perera
- Research & Development Centre for Mathematical Modeling, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, 00030, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Kushani De Silva
- Research & Development Centre for Mathematical Modeling, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, 00030, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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Delrieu M, Martinet JP, O’Connor O, Viennet E, Menkes C, Burtet-Sarramegna V, Frentiu FD, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M. Temperature and transmission of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses: A systematic review of experimental studies on Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 4:100139. [PMID: 37719233 PMCID: PMC10500480 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. In recent years, modelling studies have shown that climate change strongly influences vector-borne disease transmission, particularly rising temperatures. As a result, the risk of epidemics has increased, posing a significant public health risk. This review aims to summarize all published laboratory experimental studies carried out over the years to determine the impact of temperature on the transmission of arboviruses by the mosquito vector. Given their high public health importance, we focus on dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, which are transmitted by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Following PRISMA guidelines, 34 papers were included in this systematic review. Most studies found that increasing temperatures result in higher rates of infection, dissemination, and transmission of these viruses in mosquitoes, although several studies had differing findings. Overall, the studies reviewed here suggest that rising temperatures due to climate change would alter the vector competence of mosquitoes to increase epidemic risk, but that some critical research gaps remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méryl Delrieu
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Jean-Philippe Martinet
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Olivia O’Connor
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology,
Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Christophe Menkes
- ENTROPIE, IRD, University of New Caledonia, University of La Réunion,
CNRS, Ifremer, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Valérie Burtet-Sarramegna
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), University of New
Caledonia, 45 Avenue James Cook - BP R4 98 851 - Nouméa Cedex, New
Caledonia
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, And Centre for Immunology and Infection
Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000,
Australia
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
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Segura NA, Muñoz AL, Losada-Barragán M, Torres O, Rodríguez AK, Rangel H, Bello F. Minireview: Epidemiological impact of arboviral diseases in Latin American countries, arbovirus-vector interactions and control strategies. Pathog Dis 2021; 79:6354781. [PMID: 34410378 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most crucial insects in public health due to their vector capacity and competence to transmit pathogens, including arboviruses, bacterias and parasites. Re-emerging and emerging arboviral diseases, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), constitute one of the most critical health public concerns in Latin America. These diseases present a significant incidence within the human settlements increasing morbidity and mortality events. Likewise, among the different genus of mosquito vectors of arboviruses, those of the most significant medical importance corresponds to Aedes and Culex. In Latin America, the mosquito vector species of YFV, DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV are mainly Aedes aegypti and Ae. Albopictus. Ae. aegypti is recognized as the primary vector in urban environments, whereas Ae. albopictus, recently introduced in the Americas, is more prone to rural settings. This minireview focuses on what is known about the epidemiological impact of mosquito-borne diseases in Latin American countries, with particular emphasis on YFV, DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, vector mosquitoes, geographic distribution, and vector-arbovirus interactions. Besides, it was analyzed how climate change and social factors have influenced the spread of arboviruses and the control strategies developed against mosquitoes in this continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidya A Segura
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Ana L Muñoz
- PhD Program of Health Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | - Orlando Torres
- Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Anny K Rodríguez
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Héctor Rangel
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 1204, Venezuela
| | - Felio Bello
- Faculty of Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Program of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá 110141, Colombia
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Carvalho KDS, Guedes DRD, Crespo MM, de Melo-Santos MAV, Silva-Filha MHNL. Aedes aegypti continuously exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis does not exhibit changes in life traits but displays increased susceptibility for Zika virus. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:379. [PMID: 34321098 PMCID: PMC8317411 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti can transmit arboviruses worldwide, and Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis (Bti)-based larvicides represent an effective tool for controlling this species. The safety of Bti and lack of resistance have been widely reported; however, little is known regarding the impact of the extensive use of these larvicides on the life traits of mosquitoes. Therefore, this study investigated biological parameters, including susceptibility to arbovirus, of an Ae. aegypti strain (RecBti) subjected to 29 generations of exposure to Bti compared with the RecL reference strain. Methods The biological parameters of individuals reared under controlled conditions were compared. Also, the viral susceptibility of females not exposed to Bti during their larval stage was analysed by oral infection and followed until 14 or 21 days post-infection (dpi). Results RecBti individuals did not display alterations in the traits that were assessed (fecundity, fertility, pupal weight, developmental time, emergence rate, sex ratio and haematophagic capacity) compared to RecL individuals. Females from both strains were susceptible to dengue serotype 2 (DENV-2) and Zika virus (ZIKV). However, RecBti females showed significantly higher rates of ZIKV infection compared with RecL females at 7 (90% versus 68%, Chi-square: χ2 = 7.27, df = 1, P = 0.006) and 14 dpi (100% versus 87%, Chi-square: χ2 = 7.69, df = 1, P = 0.005) and for dissemination at 7 dpi (83.3% versus 36%, Fisher’s exact test: P < 0.0001, OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.32). Quantification of DENV-2 and ZIKV viral particles produced statistically similar results for females from both strains. Conclusions Prolonged exposure of Ae. aegypti larvae to Bti did not alter most of the evaluated biological parameters, except that RecBti females exhibited a higher vector susceptibility for ZIKV. This finding is related to a background of Bti exposure for several generations but not to a previous exposure of the tested females during the larval stage. This study highlights mosquito responses that could be associated with the chronic exposure to Bti in addition to the primary larvicidal effect elicited by this control agent. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04880-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mônica Maria Crespo
- Department of Entomology, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães-Fiocruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Kazmi SS, Ali W, Bibi N, Nouroz F. A review on Zika virus outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and infection dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:5. [PMID: 32158705 PMCID: PMC7057477 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-020-00115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a newly emergent relative of the Flaviviridae family and linked to dengue (DENV) and Chikungunya (CHIVKV). ZIKV is one of the rising pathogens promptly surpassing geographical borders. ZIKV infection was characterized by mild disease with fever, headache, rash, arthralgia and conjunctivitis, with exceptional reports of an association with Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) and microcephaly. However, since the end of 2015, an increase in the number of GBS associated cases and an astonishing number of microcephaly in fetus and new-borns in Brazil have been related to ZIKV infection, raising serious worldwide public health concerns. ZIKV is transmitted by the bite of infected female mosquitoes of Aedes species. Clarifying such worrisome relationships is, thus, a current unavoidable goal. Here, we extensively described the current understanding of the effects of ZIKV on heath, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment options based on modern, alternative and complementary medicines regarding the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Sidra Kazmi
- 1Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali
- 1Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Bibi
- 1Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Nouroz
- 1Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan.,2Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Arbovirus vectors of epidemiological concern in the Americas: A scoping review of entomological studies on Zika, dengue and chikungunya virus vectors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0220753. [PMID: 32027652 PMCID: PMC7004335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) causing human disease have been the focus of a large number of studies in the Americas since 2013 due to their global spread and epidemiological impacts: Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. A large proportion of infections by these viruses are asymptomatic. However, all three viruses are associated with moderate to severe health consequences in a small proportion of cases. Two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are among the world’s most prominent arboviral vectors, and are known vectors for all three viruses in the Americas. Objectives This review summarizes the state of the entomological literature surrounding the mosquito vectors of Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses and factors affecting virus transmission. The rationale of the review was to identify and characterize entomological studies that have been conducted in the Americas since the introduction of chikungunya virus in 2013, encompassing a period of arbovirus co-circulation, and guide future research based on identified knowledge gaps. Methods The preliminary search for this review was conducted on PubMed (National Library of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States). The search included the terms ‘zika’ OR ‘dengue’ OR ‘chikungunya’ AND ‘vector’ OR ‘Aedes aegypti’ OR ‘Aedes albopictus’. The search was conducted on March 1st of 2018, and included all studies since January 1st of 2013. Results A total of 96 studies were included in the scoping review after initial screening and subsequent exclusion of out-of-scope studies, secondary data publications, and studies unavailable in English language. Key findings We observed a steady increase in number of publications, from 2013 to 2018, with half of all studies published from January 2017 to March 2018. Interestingly, information on Zika virus vector species composition was abundant, but sparse on Zika virus transmission dynamics. Few studies examined natural infection rates of Zika virus, vertical transmission, or co-infection with other viruses. This is in contrast to the wealth of research available on natural infection and co-infection for dengue and chikungunya viruses, although vertical transmission research was sparse for all three viruses.
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Bonica MB, Goenaga S, Martin ML, Feroci M, Luppo V, Muttis E, Fabbri C, Morales MA, Enria D, Micieli MV, Levis S. Vector competence of Aedes aegypti for different strains of Zika virus in Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007433. [PMID: 31188869 PMCID: PMC6561534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Zika virus (ZIKV) has increased noticeably since the outbreak in the Americas in 2015, when the illness was associated with congenital disorders. Although there is evidence of sexual transmission of the virus, the mosquito Aedes aegypti is believed to be the main vector for transmission to humans. This species of mosquito has not only been found naturally infected with ZIKV, but also has been the subject of study in many vector competence assays that employ different strains of ZIKV around the world. In Argentina, the first case was reported in February 2016 and a total of 278 autochthonous cases have since been confirmed, however, ZIKV virus has not been isolated from any mosquito species yet in Argentina. In order to elucidate if Argentinian Ae. aegypti populations could be a possible vector of ZIKV, we conducted vector competence studies that involved a local strain of ZIKV from Chaco province, and a Venezuelan strain obtained from an imported case. For this purpose, Ae. aegypti adults from the temperate area of Argentina (Buenos Aires province) were fed with infected blood. Body, legs and saliva were harvested and tested by plaque titration on plates of Vero cells for ZIKV at 7, 11 and 14 days post infection (DPI) in order to calculate infection, transmission, and dissemination rates, respectively. Both strains were able to infect mosquitoes at all DPIs, whereas dissemination and transmission were observed at all DPIs for the Argentinian strain but only at 14 DPI for the Venezuelan strain. This study proves the ability of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Argentina to become infected with two different strains of ZIKV, both belonging to the Asian lineage, and that the virus can disseminate to the legs and salivary glands. Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, isolated for the first time in the Ziika Forest in Uganda in 1947 from a rhesus macaque monkey. The disease is usually asymptomatic, but sometimes it causes a mild illness that comes with fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. The World Health Organization focused the attention on this virus after the outbreak in the Americas, when the virus was linked to microcephaly and serious neurological diseases, including Guillain-Barré syndrome. Aedes aegypti was incriminated as the main vector of the virus as it was found both naturally and experimentally infected. This mosquito species was declared eradicated in Argentina by 1970 but re-emerged in 1989. Recent studies found a peculiarity in the genetics of Argentinian Ae. aegypti populations that consists in a combination between both subspecies: Ae. aegypti formosus and Ae. aegypti aegypti. Our study tries to elucidate if Ae. aegypti from Argentina are able to transmit the virus in order to add these mosquitoes to the list of possible vectors of ZIKV and, in future prospect, orient to fight the virus by controlling the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Berenice Bonica
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MBB); (SG)
| | - Silvina Goenaga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MBB); (SG)
| | - María Laura Martin
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariel Feroci
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Luppo
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Muttis
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Fabbri
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Delia Enria
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Micieli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Levis
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas “Dr. Julio Maiztegui” (INEVH-ANLIS), Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Souza-Neto JA, Powell JR, Bonizzoni M. Aedes aegypti vector competence studies: A review. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 67:191-209. [PMID: 30465912 PMCID: PMC8135908 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary transmitter of the four viruses that have had the greatest impact on human health, the viruses causing yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika fever. Because this mosquito is easy to rear in the laboratory and these viruses grow in laboratory tissue culture cells, many studies have been performed testing the relative competence of different populations of the mosquito to transmit many different strains of viruses. We review here this large literature including studies on the effect of the mosquito microbiota on competence. Because of the heterogeneity of both mosquito populations and virus strains used, as well as methods measuring potential to transmit, it is very difficult to perform detailed meta-analysis of the studies. However, a few conclusions can be drawn: (1) almost no population of Ae. aegypti is 100% naturally refractory to virus infection. Complete susceptibility to infection has been observed for Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV), but not yellow fever viruses (YFV); (2) the dose of virus used is directly correlated to the rate of infection; (3) Brazilian populations of mosquito are particularly susceptible to DENV-2 infections; (4) the Asian lineage of ZIKV is less infective to Ae. aegypti populations from the American continent than is the African ZIKV lineage; (5) virus adaptation to different species of mosquitoes has been demonstrated with CHIKV; (6) co-infection with more than one virus sometimes causes displacement while in other cases has little effect; (7) the microbiota in the mosquito also has important effects on level of susceptibility to arboviral infection; (8) resistance to virus infection due to the microbiota may be direct (e.g., bacteria producing antiviral proteins) or indirect in activating the mosquito host innate immune system; (9) non-pathogenic insect specific viruses (ISVs) are also common in mosquitoes including genome insertions. These too have been shown to have an impact on the susceptibility of mosquitoes to pathogenic viruses. One clear conclusion is that it would be a great advance in this type of research to implement standardized procedures in order to obtain comparable and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme A Souza-Neto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Multiuser Central Laboratory, Botucatu, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biotechnology, Botucatu, Brazil
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Seixas G, Jupille H, Yen PS, Viveiros B, Failloux AB, Sousa CA. Potential of Aedes aegypti populations in Madeira Island to transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:509. [PMID: 30208974 PMCID: PMC6134710 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes spp. mosquitoes mainly transmit the arboviruses dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in urban areas, causing a severe public health problem. In 2012-2013, a major dengue outbreak occurred on Madeira Island where the mosquito Aedes aegypti was the only vector. Up to now, the competence of Ae. aegypti populations from Madeira to transmit DENV or CHIKV remains unknown. This study aimed to assess experimentally the ability of Ae. aegypti populations from Madeira to transmit these viruses. RESULTS By orally exposing mosquitoes to CHIKV (NC/2011-568) and DENV-2 (Bangkok), the vector competence of two field-collected Ae. aegypti populations, i.e. Funchal and Paúl do Mar, was evaluated. We found that both populations were similarly infected and ensured the dissemination and transmission of CHIKV at the same rates. With DENV-2, viral dissemination was significantly higher in the Funchal population compared to Paúl do Mar. We found no significant differences in transmission rates between populations. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study has demonstrated for the first time the ability of temperate European Ae. aegypti populations from Madeira to transmit DENV and CHIKV. As our results suggest, there is a potential risk for the local transmission of DENV and CHIKV if introduced to Madeira or continental Europe where Aedes albopictus is present. Our results highlight the need for continuing vector surveillance and control on Madeira Island to future-proof the Island against mosquito-borne epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Seixas
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henri Jupille
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pei-Shi Yen
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bela Viveiros
- Departamento de Planeamento, Saúde e Administração Geral do Instituto de Administração da Saúde e Assuntos Sociais, IP-RAM, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Carla Alexandra Sousa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Quintero-Gil DC, Uribe-Yepes A, Ospina M, Díaz FJ, Martinez-Gutierrez M. Differences in the replicative capacities of clinical isolates of dengue virus in C6/36 cells and in urban populations of Aedes aegypti from Colombia, South America. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:257-272. [PMID: 30165044 PMCID: PMC9427825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide, is caused by any of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes that co-circulate constantly in hyperendemic areas such as Medellin (Colombia), and these serotypes are transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. In this study, we evaluated the replicative capacity of strains isolated in Medellin between 2003 and 2007 in C6/36 cells and in colonies of Aedes aegypti collected during 2010–2011 from high or low-incidence areas within the same city. The phylogenetic analysis grouped isolates according to the predominant genotypes found in the Americas, and the in vitro characterization showed differences in the morphological changes induced by the isolates of each of the isolated serotypes compared to the reference serotypes. In vitro replicative capacity studies demonstrated that genomic copy number increased at four days post-infection and that cell viability decreased significantly compared to the control for all serotypes. The largest number of genomic copies in C6/36 was produced by DENV-2, followed by DENV-1 and DENV-4; DENV-3 produced the smallest number of genomic copies and had the smallest negative effect on cell viability. Finally, differences in the in vivo replication of intercolonial serotypes between the Rockefeller colony and the field colonies and among the intracolonial serotypes were found. The replication of DENV-2 at 7 and 14 days in both high- and low-incidence colonies was higher than that of the other serotypes, and replication of DENV-3 in the mosquito colonies was the most stable on the days evaluated. Our results support the notion that replication and, possibly, DENV transmission and severity depend on many factors, including serotype and vector characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carolina Quintero-Gil
- Universidad de Antioquia, Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Alexander Uribe-Yepes
- Universidad de Antioquia, Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marta Ospina
- Laboratorio Departamental de Salud de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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Petersen MT, da Silveira ID, Tátila-Ferreira A, David MR, Chouin-Carneiro T, Van den Wouwer L, Maes L, Maciel-de-Freitas R. The impact of the age of first blood meal and Zika virus infection on Aedes aegypti egg production and longevity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200766. [PMID: 30048481 PMCID: PMC6062029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of senescence and pathogen infection on Aedes aegypti life-history traits remains poorly understood. This laboratory study focused on the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and the age of first blood intake on blood meal and clutch sizes, and more importantly on the egg production ratio per μL of blood. Three groups of ZIKV-infected and uninfected Ae. aegypti females that received their first blood meal at 7 (young feeders), 14 (mature feeders) and 21 days old (old feeders) were monitored daily for survival and received a blood meal free of ZIKV once a week. The number of eggs laid per female were registered 3-4 days after blood feeding. Infection by ZIKV and age of feeding produced a strong negative impact on survival and oviposition success (e.g. likelihood of laying at least one egg per gonotrophic cycle). Interestingly, clutch size presented a dramatic reduction on uninfected mosquitoes, but raised from 36.5 in clutch1 to 55.1 eggs in clutch 3. Blood meal size remained stable in uninfected females, while a slight increase was observed for the infected counterparts. In uninfected Ae. aegypti, egg production was strongly affected by the age of feeding with younger females laying three times more eggs than when older. On the other hand, ZIKV-infected mosquitoes had a constant but low egg production. Overall, mosquito senescence and ZIKV infection had an impact on mosquito egg production by causing a sharp decrease in the number of eggs along the clutches for uninfected mosquitoes and a slight increase for infected mosquitoes. Despite some study limitations, our results contribute to a better understanding of the effects of mosquito aging and pathogen infection on the vectorial capacity of Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Thieme Petersen
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dias da Silveira
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Tátila-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rocha David
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Chouin-Carneiro
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Liesbeth Van den Wouwer
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rafael Maciel-de-Freitas
- Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Beaver JT, Lelutiu N, Habib R, Skountzou I. Evolution of Two Major Zika Virus Lineages: Implications for Pathology, Immune Response, and Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1640. [PMID: 30072993 PMCID: PMC6058022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) became a public health emergency of global concern in 2015 due to its rapid expansion from French Polynesia to Brazil, spreading quickly throughout the Americas. Its unexpected correlation to neurological impairments and defects, now known as congenital Zika syndrome, brought on an urgency to characterize the pathology and develop safe, effective vaccines. ZIKV genetic analyses have identified two major lineages, Asian and African, which have undergone substantial changes during the past 50 years. Although ZIKV infections have been circulating throughout Africa and Asia for the later part of the 20th century, the symptoms were mild and not associated with serious pathology until now. ZIKV evolution also took the form of novel modes of transmission, including maternal-fetal transmission, sexual transmission, and transmission through the eye. The African and Asian lineages have demonstrated differential pathogenesis and molecular responses in vitro and in vivo. The limited number of human infections prior to the 21st century restricted ZIKV research to in vitro studies, but current animal studies utilize mice deficient in type I interferon (IFN) signaling in order to invoke enhanced viral pathogenesis. This review examines ZIKV strain differences from an evolutionary perspective, discussing how these differentially impact pathogenesis via host immune responses that modulate IFN signaling, and how these differential effects dictate the future of ZIKV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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13
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Orellano P, Vezzani D, Quaranta N, Reynoso J, Salomón OD. Estimation of expected dengue seroprevalence from passive epidemiological surveillance systems in selected areas of Argentina: A proxy to evaluate the applicability of dengue vaccination. Vaccine 2018; 36:979-985. [PMID: 29331246 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations about dengue vaccination by the World Health Organization depend on seroprevalence levels and serological status in populations and individuals. However, seroprevalence estimation may be difficult due to a diversity of factors. Thus, estimation through models using data from epidemiological surveillance systems could be an alternative procedure to achieve this goal. OBJECTIVE To estimate the expected dengue seroprevalence in children of selected areas in Argentina, using a simple model based on data from passive epidemiological surveillance systems. METHODS A Markov model using a simulated cohort of individuals from age 0 to 9 years was developed. Parameters regarding the reported annual incidence of dengue, proportion of inapparent cases, and expansion factors for outpatient and hospitalized cases were considered as transition probabilities. The proportion of immune population at 9 years of age was taken as a proxy of the expected seroprevalence, considering this age as targeted for vaccination. The model was used to evaluate the expected seroprevalence in Misiones and Salta provinces and in Buenos Aires city, three settings showing different climatic favorability for dengue. RESULTS The estimates of the seroprevalence for the group of 9-year-old children for Misiones was 79% (95%CI:46-100%), and for Salta 22% (95%CI:14-30%), both located in northeastern and northwestern Argentina, respectively. Buenos Aires city, from central Argentina, showed a likely seroprevalence of 7% (95%CI: 3-11%). According to the deterministic sensitivity analyses, the parameter showing the highest influence on these results was the probability of inapparent cases. CONCLUSIONS This model allowed the estimation of dengue seroprevalence in settings where this information is not available. Particularly for Misiones, the expected seroprevalence was higher than 70% in a wide range of scenarios, thus in this province a vaccination strategy directed to seropositive children of >9 years should be analyzed, including further considerations as safety, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Orellano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional San Nicolás, San Nicolás, Argentina.
| | - Darío Vezzani
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, Facultad de Cs Exactas, UNICEN, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Nancy Quaranta
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional San Nicolás, San Nicolás, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Reynoso
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "San Felipe", San Nicolás, Argentina
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomón
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
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Mosquitoes as Arbovirus Vectors: From Species Identification to Vector Competence. PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94075-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes and other arthropods transmit a large number of medically important pathogens, in particular viruses. These arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) include a wide variety of RNA viruses belonging to the Flaviviridae family (West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), Dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Zika virus (ZIKV)), the Togaviridae family (Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)), and Bunyavirales order (Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV)) (please refer also to Table 9.1). Arboviral transmission to humans and livestock constitutes a major threat to public health and economy as illustrated by the emergence of ZIKV in the Americas, RVFV outbreaks in Africa, and the worldwide outbreaks of DENV. To answer the question if those viral pathogens also pose a risk to Europe, we need to first answer the key questions (summarized in Fig. 9.1):Who could contribute to such an outbreak? Information about mosquito species resident or imported, potential hosts and viruses able to infect vectors and hosts in Germany is needed. Where would competent mosquito species meet favorable conditions for transmission? Information on the minimum requirements for efficient replication of the virus in a given vector species and subsequent transmission is needed. How do viruses and vectors interact to facilitate transmission? Information on the vector immunity, vector physiology, vector genetics, and vector microbiomes is needed.
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15
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Fontaine A, Jiolle D, Moltini-Conclois I, Lequime S, Lambrechts L. Excretion of dengue virus RNA by Aedes aegypti allows non-destructive monitoring of viral dissemination in individual mosquitoes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24885. [PMID: 27117953 PMCID: PMC4846815 DOI: 10.1038/srep24885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful transmission of a vector-borne pathogen relies on a complex life cycle in the arthropod vector that requires initial infection of the digestive tract followed by systemic viral dissemination. The time interval between acquisition and subsequent transmission of the pathogen, called the extrinsic incubation period, is one of the most influential parameters of vector-borne pathogen transmission. However, the dynamic nature of this process is often ignored because vector competence assays are sacrificial and rely on end-point measurements. Here, we report that individual Aedes aegypti mosquitoes release large amounts of dengue virus (DENV) RNA in their excreta that can be non-sacrificially detected over time following oral virus exposure. Further, we demonstrate that detection of DENV RNA in excreta from individual mosquitoes is correlated to systemic viral dissemination with high specificity (0.9–1) albeit moderate sensitivity (0.64–0.89). Finally, we illustrate the potential of our finding to detect biological differences in the dynamics of DENV dissemination in a proof-of-concept experiment. Individual measurements of the time required for systemic viral dissemination, a prerequisite for transmission, will be valuable to monitor the dynamics of DENV vector competence, to carry out quantitative genetics studies, and to evaluate the risk of DENV transmission in field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Fontaine
- Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Equipe Résidente de Recherche d'Infectiologie Tropicale, Division Expertise, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
| | - Davy Jiolle
- Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Moltini-Conclois
- Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Lequime
- Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 3012, Paris, France
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16
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Aedes aegypti (L.) in Latin American and Caribbean region: With growing evidence for vector adaptation to climate change? Acta Trop 2016; 156:137-43. [PMID: 26796862 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Within Latin America and the Caribbean region the impact of climate change has been associated with the effects of rainfall and temperature on seasonal outbreaks of dengue but few studies have been conducted on the impacts of climate on the behaviour and ecology of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.This study was conducted to examine the adaptive behaviours currently being employed by A. aegypti mosquitoes exposed to the force of climate change in LAC countries. The literature on the association between climate and dengue incidence is small and sometimes speculative. Few laboratory and field studies have identified research gaps. Laboratory and field experiments were designed and conducted to better understand the container preferences, climate-associated-adaptive behaviour, ecology and the effects of different temperatures and light regimens on the life history of A. aegypti mosquitoes. A. aegypti adaptive behaviours and changes in container preferences demonstrate how complex dengue transmission dynamics is, in different ecosystems. The use of underground drains and septic tanks represents a major behaviour change identified and compounds an already difficult task to control A. aegypti populations. A business as usual approach will exacerbate the problem and lead to more frequent outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya in LAC countries unless both area-wide and targeted vector control approaches are adopted. The current evidence and the results from proposed transdisciplinary research on dengue within different ecosystems will help guide the development of new vector control strategies and foster a better understanding of climate change impacts on vector-borne disease transmission.
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17
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Brasil LM, Gomes MMF, Miosso CJ, da Silva MM, Amvame-Nze GD. Web platform using digital image processing and geographic information system tools: a Brazilian case study on dengue. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:69. [PMID: 26178732 PMCID: PMC4502932 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever is endemic in Asia, the Americas, the East of the Mediterranean and the Western Pacific. According to the World Health Organization, it is one of the diseases of greatest impact on health, affecting millions of people each year worldwide. A fast detection of increases in populations of the transmitting vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is essential to avoid dengue outbreaks. Unfortunately, in several countries, such as Brazil, the current methods for detecting populations changes and disseminating this information are too slow to allow efficient allocation of resources to fight outbreaks. To reduce the delay in providing the information regarding A. aegypti population changes, we propose, develop, and evaluate a system for counting the eggs found in special traps and to provide the collected data using a web structure with geographical location resources. Methods One of the most useful tools for the detection and surveillance of arthropods is the ovitrap, a special trap built to collect the mosquito eggs. This allows for an egg counting process, which is still usually performed manually, in countries such as Brazil. We implement and evaluate a novel system for automatically counting the eggs found in the ovitraps’ cardboards. The system we propose is based on digital image processing (DIP) techniques, as well as a Web based Semi-Automatic Counting System (SCSA-WEB). All data collected are geographically referenced in a geographic information system (GIS) and made available on a Web platform. The work was developed in Gama’s administrative region, in Brasília/Brazil, with the aid of the Environmental Surveillance Directory (DIVAL-Gama) and Brasília’s Board of Health (SSDF), in partnership with the University of Brasília (UnB). The system was built based on a field survey carried out during three months and provided by health professionals. These professionals provided 84 cardboards from 84 ovitraps, sized 15 × 5 cm. In developing the system, we conducted the following steps:Obtain images from the eggs on an ovitrap’s cardboards, with a microscope. Apply a proposed image-processing-based semi-automatic counting system. The system we developed uses the Java programming language and the Java Server Faces technology. This is a framework suite for web applications development. This approach will allow a simple migration to any Operating System platform and future applications on mobile devices. Collect and store all data into a Database (DB) and then georeference them in a GIS. The Database Management System used to develop the DB is based on PostgreSQL. The GIS will assist in the visualization and spatial analysis of digital maps, allowing the location of Dengue outbreaks in the region of study. This will also facilitate the planning, analysis, and evaluation of temporal and spatial epidemiology, as required by the Brazilian Health Care Control Center. Deploy the SCSA-WEB, DB and GIS on a single Web platform.
Results The statistical results obtained by DIP were satisfactory when compared with the SCSA-WEB’s semi-automated eggs count. The results also indicate that the time spent in manual counting has being considerably reduced when using our fully automated DIP algorithm and semi-automated SCSA-WEB. The developed georeferencing Web platform proves to be of great support for future visualization with statistical and trace analysis of the disease. Conclusions The analyses suggest the efficiency of our algorithm for automatic eggs counting, in terms of expediting the work of the laboratory technician, reducing considerably its time and error counting rates. We believe that this kind of integrated platform and tools can simplify the decision making process of the Brazilian Health Care Control Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M Brasil
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Brasília at Gama, Área Esp. 2 Lote 14 Setor Central, Gama, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Marília M F Gomes
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Brasília at Gama, Área Esp. 2 Lote 14 Setor Central, Gama, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano J Miosso
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Brasília at Gama, Área Esp. 2 Lote 14 Setor Central, Gama, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Marlete M da Silva
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Brasília at Gama, Área Esp. 2 Lote 14 Setor Central, Gama, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Georges D Amvame-Nze
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Brasília at Gama, Área Esp. 2 Lote 14 Setor Central, Gama, Brasília, Brazil.
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18
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Zouache K, Fontaine A, Vega-Rua A, Mousson L, Thiberge JM, Lourenco-De-Oliveira R, Caro V, Lambrechts L, Failloux AB. Three-way interactions between mosquito population, viral strain and temperature underlying chikungunya virus transmission potential. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.1078. [PMID: 25122228 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between pathogens and their insect vectors in nature are under the control of both genetic and non-genetic factors, yet most studies on mosquito vector competence for human pathogens are conducted in laboratory systems that do not consider genetic and/or environmental variability. Evaluating the risk of emergence of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of public health importance such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV) requires a more realistic appraisal of genetic and environmental contributions to vector competence. In particular, sources of variation do not necessarily act independently and may combine in the form of interactions. Here, we measured CHIKV transmission potential by the mosquito Aedes albopictus in all combinations of six worldwide vector populations, two virus strains and two ambient temperatures (20°C and 28°C). Overall, CHIKV transmission potential by Ae. albopictus strongly depended on the three-way combination of mosquito population, virus strain and temperature. Such genotype-by-genotype-by-environment (G × G × E) interactions question the relevance of vector competence studies conducted with a simpler set of conditions. Our results highlight the need to account for the complex interplay between vectors, pathogens and environmental factors to accurately assess the potential of vector-borne diseases to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Zouache
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Albin Fontaine
- Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 3012, Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Paris, France Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Unité d'Entomologie, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Anubis Vega-Rua
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Laboratory, Paris, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Laboratory, Paris, France
| | | | - Ricardo Lourenco-De-Oliveira
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Laboratory, Paris, France Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valérie Caro
- Institut Pasteur, Genotyping of Pathogens and Public Health, Paris, France
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 3012, Insect-Virus Interactions Group, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Laboratory, Paris, France
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Miller E, Warburg A, Novikov I, Hailu A, Volf P, Seblova V, Huppert A. Quantifying the contribution of hosts with different parasite concentrations to the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3288. [PMID: 25356795 PMCID: PMC4214667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An important factor influencing the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases is the contribution of hosts with different parasitemia (no. of parasites per ml of blood) to the infected vector population. Today, estimation of this contribution is often impractical since it relies exclusively on limited-scale xenodiagnostic or artificial feeding experiments (i.e., measuring the proportion of vectors that become infected after feeding on infected blood/host). Methodology We developed a novel mechanistic model that facilitates the quantification of the contribution of hosts with different parasitemias to the infection of the vectors from data on the distribution of these parasitemias within the host population. We applied the model to an ample data set of Leishmania donovani carriers, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Results Calculations facilitated by the model quantified the host parasitemias that are mostly responsible for the infection of vector, the sand fly Phlebotomus orientalis. Our findings indicate that a 3.2% of the most infected people were responsible for the infection of between 53% and 79% (mean – 62%) of the infected sand fly vector population. Significance Our modeling framework can easily be extended to facilitate the calculation of the contribution of other host groups (such as different host species, hosts with different ages) to the infected vector population. Identifying the hosts that contribute most towards infection of the vectors is crucial for understanding the transmission dynamics, and planning targeted intervention policy of visceral leishmaniasis as well as other vector borne infectious diseases (e.g., West Nile Fever). An important factor influencing the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases is the contribution of hosts with different parasitemia (no. of parasites per ml of blood) to the infected vector population. In this study we developed a novel mechanistic model that facilitates the quantification of this contribution and applied it to an ample data set of people infected with visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Among vector borne diseases, visceral leishmaniasis is the second most important killer after malaria. It is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites with most cases (∼90%) occurring in the Indian sub-continent, East Africa, and South America. The disease is transmitted between people and other mammalian hosts by blood-sucking sand flies. Our findings indicate that a 3.2% of the most infected people were responsible for the infection of about 65% of the infected sand fly vector population. Identifying the hosts that contribute most towards infection of the vectors is crucial for understanding the transmission dynamics, and planning targeted intervention policy of visceral leishmaniasis, as well as other vector borne infectious diseases (e.g., Dengue, West Nile Fever).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezer Miller
- The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, The Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Biostatistics Unit, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Alon Warburg
- The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, The Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilya Novikov
- The Biostatistics Unit, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Asrat Hailu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Seblova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amit Huppert
- The Biostatistics Unit, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Carvalho RG, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Braga IA. Updating the geographical distribution and frequency of Aedes albopictus in Brazil with remarks regarding its range in the Americas. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:787-96. [PMID: 25317707 PMCID: PMC4238772 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographical distribution of Aedes albopictus in Brazil was updated according to the data recorded across the country over the last eight years. Countrywide house indexes (HI) for Ae. albopictus in urban and suburban areas were described for the first time using a sample of Brazilian municipalities. This mosquito is currently present in at least 59% of the Brazilian municipalities and in 24 of the 27 federal units (i.e., 26 states and the Federal District). In 34 Brazilian municipalities, the HI values for Ae. albopictus were higher than those recorded for Ae. aegypti, reaching figures as high as HI = 7.72 in the Southeast Region. Remarks regarding the current range of this mosquito species in the Americas are also presented. Nineteen American countries are currently infested and few mainland American countries have not confirmed the occurrence of Ae. albopictus. The large distribution and high frequency of Ae. albopictus in the Americas may become a critical factor in the spread of arboviruses like chikungunya in the new world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ima Aparecida Braga
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF,
Brasil
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