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Zhang W, Yin Y, Jiang Y, Yang Y, Wang W, Wang X, Ge Y, Liu B, Yao L. Relationship between vaginal and oral microbiome in patients of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:396. [PMID: 38685022 PMCID: PMC11059664 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the microbial variations and biomarkers in the vaginal and oral environments of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer (CC) and to develop novel prediction models. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 164 samples collected from both the vaginal tract and oral subgingival plaque of 82 women. The participants were divided into four distinct groups based on their vaginal and oral samples: the control group (Z/KZ, n = 22), abortion group (AB/KAB, n = 17), HPV-infected group (HP/KHP, n = 21), and cervical cancer group (CC/KCC, n = 22). Microbiota analysis was conducted using full-length 16S rDNA gene sequencing with the PacBio platform. RESULTS The vaginal bacterial community in the Z and AB groups exhibited a relatively simple structure predominantly dominated by Lactobacillus. However, CC group shows high abundances of anaerobic bacteria and alpha diversity. Biomarkers such as Bacteroides, Mycoplasma, Bacillus, Dialister, Porphyromonas, Anaerococcus, and Prevotella were identified as indicators of CC. Correlations were established between elevated blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and local/systemic inflammation, pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion, which contribute to unevenness in the vaginal microenvironment. The altered microbial diversity in the CC group was confirmed by amino acid metabolism. Oral microbial diversity exhibited an inverse pattern to that of the vaginal microbiome, indicating a unique relationship. The microbial diversity of the KCC group was significantly lower than that of the KZ group, indicating a link between oral health and cancer development. Several microbes, including Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Propionibacterium, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Neisseria, were identified as CC biomarkers. Moreover, periodontal pathogens were associated with blood CRP levels and oral hygiene conditions. Elevated oral microbial amino acid metabolism in the CC group was closely linked to the presence of pathogens. Positive correlations indicated a synergistic relationship between vaginal and oral bacteria. CONCLUSION HPV infection and CC impact both the vaginal and oral microenvironments, affecting systemic metabolism and the synergy between bacteria. This suggests that the use of oral flora markers is a potential screening tool for the diagnosis of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Healthy Examination & Management Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Yin
- Healthy Examination & Management Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yisha Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Ge
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Lihe Yao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University First Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
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George SD, Van Gerwen OT, Dong C, Sousa LGV, Cerca N, Elnaggar JH, Taylor CM, Muzny CA. The Role of Prevotella Species in Female Genital Tract Infections. Pathogens 2024; 13:364. [PMID: 38787215 PMCID: PMC11123741 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Female genital tract infections (FGTIs) include vaginal infections (e.g., bacterial vaginosis [BV]), endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease [PID], and chorioamnionitis [amniotic fluid infection]. They commonly occur in women of reproductive age and are strongly associated with multiple adverse health outcomes including increased risk of HIV/sexually transmitted infection acquisition and transmission, infertility, and adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth. These FGTIs are characterized by a disruption of the cervicovaginal microbiota which largely affects host immunity through the loss of protective, lactic acid-producing Lactobacillus spp. and the overgrowth of facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria. Prevotella species (spp.), anaerobic Gram-negative rods, are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple bacterial FGTIs. Specifically, P. bivia, P. amnii, and P. timonensis have unique virulence factors in this setting, including resistance to antibiotics commonly used in treatment. Additionally, evidence suggests that the presence of Prevotella spp. in untreated BV cases can lead to infections of the upper female genital tract by ascension into the uterus. This narrative review aims to explore the most common Prevotella spp. in FGTIs, highlight their important role in the pathogenesis of FGTIs, and propose future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan D. George
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (O.T.V.G.); (C.D.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Olivia T. Van Gerwen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (O.T.V.G.); (C.D.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Chaoling Dong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (O.T.V.G.); (C.D.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Lúcia G. V. Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.G.V.S.); (N.C.)
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.G.V.S.); (N.C.)
| | - Jacob H. Elnaggar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (J.H.E.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (J.H.E.); (C.M.T.)
| | - Christina A. Muzny
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (O.T.V.G.); (C.D.); (C.A.M.)
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Takada K, Melnikov VG, Kobayashi R, Komine-Aizawa S, Tsuji NM, Hayakawa S. Female reproductive tract-organ axes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110001. [PMID: 36798125 PMCID: PMC9927230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive tract (FRT) and remote/versatile organs in the body share bidirectional communication. In this review, we discuss the framework of the "FRT-organ axes." Each axis, namely, the vagina-gut axis, uterus-gut axis, ovary-gut axis, vagina-bladder axis, vagina-oral axis, uterus-oral axis, vagina-brain axis, uterus-brain axis, and vagina-joint axis, is comprehensively discussed separately. Each axis could be involved in the pathogenesis of not only gynecological diseases but also diseases occurring apart from the FRT. Although the microbiota is clearly a key player in the FRT-organ axes, more quantitative insight into the homeostasis of the microbiota could be provided by host function measurements rather than current microbe-centric approaches. Therefore, investigation of the FRT-organ axes would provide us with a multicentric approach, including immune, neural, endocrine, and metabolic aspects, for understanding the homeostatic mechanism of women's bodies. The framework of the FRT-organ axes could also provide insights into finding new therapeutic approaches to maintain women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Takada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Kazuhide Takada, ; Satoshi Hayakawa,
| | | | - Ryoki Kobayashi
- Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shihoko Komine-Aizawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko M. Tsuji
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Food Science, Jumonji University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Kazuhide Takada, ; Satoshi Hayakawa,
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Klomp T, Jahr H, Abdelbary MMH, Conrads G. Evaluation of hydrocortisone as a strain-dependent growth-regulator of Porphyromonasgingivalis. Anaerobe 2023; 80:102698. [PMID: 36681234 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral key pathogen and known to be very diverse in geno- and phenotypes. It is a fastidious bacterium with low O2-tolerance and 3-7 days of incubation are necessary. With growing interest in the field of microbial endocrinology we explored the potential growth-stimulating effect of hydrocortisone (HC, synonym cortisol) on P. gingivalis cultures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six different P. gingivalis strains were pre-incubated in supplemented Brain-Heart-Infusion broth under appropriate conditions for 24 h, diluted and transferred into microplates. A newly developed and semi-automated spectrophotometric measurement in triplicate, applying a SpectraMax i3x microplate reader at an optical density of 600 nm, was conducted to test growth differences between test group (exposed to a supplement of either 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 μg/ml of hydrocortisone) and control group over 48 h of anaerobic incubation (O2 ≤ 1%). Furthermore, strains were also incubated on HC-supplemented blood agar to test for a possible growth-stimulating effect on solid media. RESULTS HC significantly stimulated the lag-phase growth of four out of six P. gingivalis strains. Our data suggest a concentration-dependent growth stimulatory effect of HC between 2.5 and 5 μg/ml, while below 1.25 μg/ml and above 10 μg/ml HC either did not stimulate or inhibited growth. CONCLUSIONS HC could reduce the incubation time when isolating P. gingivalis from clinical samples and could boost low biomass cultivations especially during their lag-phase. The growth-modulating effect might be via modulation of virulence factors/quorum sensing gene expression or by reactive oxygen species(ROS)-capturing during early stages of bacterial growth. Further experiments are necessary to explain the mechanism behind our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Klomp
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed M H Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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Savitha JN, Bhavya B, Yadalam U, Khan SF. Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in umbilical cord blood of new-born and in subgingival plaque of pregnant participants with periodontal disease and its association with pregnancy outcomes: An observational study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2022; 26:365-372. [PMID: 35959303 PMCID: PMC9362802 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_45_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preterm low birth weight (PLBW) is one of the causes of infant mortality and morbidity. Most of the studies have indicated the periodontal-systemic interlink. The association of periodontal pathogen on pregnancy outcome still stands inconclusive. The aim of the study was to detect the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in umbilical cord blood of new-born infant and correlate the same pathogen in subgingival plaque of pregnant women and to determine the adverse pregnancy outcomes and also to determine the correlation between periodontitis and the association of P. gingivalis in preterm birth/low birth. Materials and Methods: The present study included 130 pregnant participants in their full-term and preterm delivery with periodontitis. Periodontal disease was diagnosed clinically using gingival index, pocket depth, plaque index, and clinical attachment level. Umbilical cord blood samples and plaque samples collected using Gracey curette were subjected to culture for the detection of P. gingivalis. The results were subjected to the statistical analysis using the SPSS software. Results: The comparison of P. gingivalis in umbilical cord blood and plaque between preterm and full-term group was found to be significantly increased in preterm group. A statistically significant difference was also seen for the clinical parameters between the two groups, with increased values seen in case of preterm labor. Odd's ratio on the comparison of prevalence of periodontitis among full term and preterm group was statistically significant in preterm birth as compared with full-term birth. Conclusion: The study results showed statistically significant association of P. gingivalis with PLBW. Periodontal disease significantly affects the adverse pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Savitha
- Community Health Center, Shantigrama, Hassan, Karnataka, India
| | - B Bhavya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Umesh Yadalam
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Rajiv Gandhi College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Safiya Fatima Khan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Angrup A, Sood A, Ray P, Bala K. Clinical anaerobic infections in an Indian tertiary care hospital: A two-year retrospective study. Anaerobe 2021; 73:102482. [PMID: 34861364 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the spectrum of anaerobic infections and the frequency of clinically relevant anaerobes in various infections in a tertiary care hospital in North India. METHOD In this two-year (2018-2019) retrospective study, a total of 22,177 samples were processed both anaerobically and aerobically. The samples included blood, pus, body fluids, necrotic tissues, abscess, peritoneal fluids, and other specimens of conditions predisposing to anaerobic infections. The recovered bacterial isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). RESULT Of the 22,177 samples processed anaerobically, 1094 showed significant anaerobic growth yielding 1464 anaerobes. Bacteroides fragilis (12.7%) and Peptoniphilus harei (12.2%) were the most predominant anaerobes, whereas Escherichia coli (32.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (13.2%) were the most frequently recovered facultative anaerobes in polymicrobial growth. Both aerobic and anaerobic data were available for 673/1094 samples, of which 68% represented a polymicrobial etiology and 32% as monomicrobial. Of the cases where complete clinical information was available (504/1094), the majority of the anaerobes were recovered from the skin and soft tissue infections (36.3%) and intra-abdominal infections (17.1%). The clinical specimen most frequently growing anaerobes was abscess (29.1%), followed by diabetic foot ulcers (14.1%). CONCLUSION The study documents the frequency of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria in various infections, and their associations with aerobes in polymicrobial growth. The present study may aid us in devising better therapeutic strategies against both aerobes and anaerobes in anaerobic infections, which is often empirical. Besides, the data can update clinicians with the changing patterns of anaerobic infections, which remains a neglected concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Angrup
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Anshul Sood
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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The Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Porphyromonas gingivalis: Genetic Repertoire, Global Phenotype, and Review of the Literature. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121438. [PMID: 34943650 PMCID: PMC8698109 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of 29 strains of the major periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and three P. gulae (as an ancestor) to nine antibiotics (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, clindamycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, doxycycline, azithromycin, imipenem, and cefoxitin) was evaluated by E-testing of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to international standards. The results were compared with 16 international studies reporting MICs from 1993 until recently. In addition, 77 currently available P. gingivalis genomes were screened for antimicrobial resistance genes. E-testing revealed a 100% sensitivity of P. gingivalis and P. gulae to all antibiotics. This was independent of the isolation year (1970 until 2021) or region, including rural areas in Indonesia and Africa. Regarding studies worldwide (675 strains), several method varieties regarding medium, McFarland inoculation standards (0.5-2) and incubation time (48-168 h) were used for MIC-testing. Overall, no resistances have been reported for amoxicillin + clavulanate, cefoxitin, and imipenem. Few strains showed intermediate susceptibility or resistance to amoxicillin and metronidazole, with the latter needing both confirmation and attention. The only antibiotics which might fail in the treatment of P. gingivalis-associated mixed anaerobic infections are clindamycin, macrolides, and tetracyclines, corresponding to the resistance genes erm(B), erm(F), and tet(Q) detected in our study here, as well as fluoroquinolones. Periodical antibiotic susceptibility testing is necessary to determine the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and to optimize antibiotic stewardship.
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Escalda C, Botelho J, Mendes JJ, Machado V. Association of bacterial vaginosis with periodontitis in a cross-sectional American nationwide survey. Sci Rep 2021; 11:630. [PMID: 33436651 PMCID: PMC7803979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and periodontitis (PD) and to determine whether PD and BV might be linked with systemic serum alterations. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004, with women aged 18-49 years old and diagnosed with or without BV according to Nugent's method. PD was defined according to the 2012 case definition. We compared serum counts according to the presence of PD and the presence of BV. Multivariable regression was used to explore and identify relevant variables towards the presence of BV. 961 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In women with BV, PD was associated with higher inflammation, characterized by increased white blood cells (p = 0.006) and lymphocyte (p = 0.009) counts. Predictive models presented a statistically significant association between PD and BV [Odds Ratio (OD) = 1.69, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.09-2.61 for periodontitis; OD = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.30-4.29 for severe PD]. Fully adjusted models for age, smoking, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and number of systemic conditions reinforced this association [OD = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.06-2.76 for PD; OD = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.15-4.25 for severe PD]. An association between BV and PD is conceivable. PD was associated with higher systemic markers of inflammation in women with BV. Our data is novel and could serve as a foundation to guide future studies in the confirmation of this association and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Escalda
- Evidence-Based Hub Egas Moniz, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Almada, Portugal
| | - João Botelho
- Evidence-Based Hub Egas Moniz, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Almada, Portugal
- Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (EMIRC), IUEM, Egas Moniz University, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, 2829 - 511, Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Evidence-Based Hub Egas Moniz, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Evidence-Based Hub Egas Moniz, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Almada, Portugal.
- Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (EMIRC), IUEM, Egas Moniz University, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, 2829 - 511, Almada, Portugal.
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Relationship between the Oral and Vaginal Microbiota of South African Adolescents with High Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071004. [PMID: 32635588 PMCID: PMC7409319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and periodontal disease (PD) are characterised as bacterial dysbioses. Both are associated with an increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, yet it is unknown whether PD and BV are related. We characterised the oral microbiota of young South African females with a high prevalence of BV and investigated the association between oral communities and vaginal microbiota. DNA was extracted from vaginal lateral wall, saliva and supragingival plaque samples from 94 adolescent females (aged 15–19 years). 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region was performed for analysis of the oral and vaginal microbiota and BV status was determined by Nugent scoring. The core oral microbiota was predominately comprised of Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The salivary microbiota of participants with BV was more diverse than those with lactobacillus-dominated communities (p = 0.030). PD-associated bacterial species, including Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas endodontalis were enriched in the supragingival microbiota of women with non-optimal vaginal communities compared to those with Lactobacillus-dominant communities, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Prevotella intermedia were enriched in the saliva of women with non-optimal vaginal microbiota. These data suggest a relationship between oral and vaginal dysbiosis, warranting further investigation into whether they are casually related.
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Chao X, Sun T, Wang S, Tan X, Fan Q, Shi H, Zhu L, Lang J. Research of the potential biomarkers in vaginal microbiome for persistent high-risk human papillomavirus infection. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:100. [PMID: 32175393 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Vaginal dysbiosis may paly role in increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aims to explore potential vaginal microbiome biomarkers, to predict persistent high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+, and to find novel treatment targets for HPV infection. Methods A total of 329 women aged 20-69 were enrolled in this study, including 59 with cervical persistent HPV infection irrespective of cytology status (group A), 139 with incident HPV infection (group B), and 131 without HPV infection (group C). Vaginal microbiome composition was determined by sequencing of barcoded 16S rDNA gene fragments (V4) on Illumina HiSeq2500. Results In genus level, the relative abundance of Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Enterococcus were significantly the highest in group A, while Bacteroides was the lowest in group A. In species level, we found the relative abundance of Prevotella bivia, Enterococcus durans and Porphyromonas uenonis were the highest in group A while Lactobacillus iners was significantly under-represented in group A than the other two, and Prevotella disiens was over-represented in group C than the other two groups. Conclusions A predominance of Prevotella bivia, Enterococcus durans and Porphyromonas uenonis with a concomitant paucity of Lactobacillus iners and Prevotella disiens may relate to HPV persistent infection. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Prevotella bivia being over 0.05554% with Prevotella disiens being under 0.02196% may be a good predictor for appearance CIN2+ for those diagnosed with the other 12 types of HR-HPV persistent infection but normal ThinPrep cytology test (TCT) testing. The exact molecular mechanism of the vaginal microbiome in the course of persistent HR-HPV infection and cervical neoplasia should be further explored. Future research should include intervention of vaginal microbiome composition to reverse the course of HR-HPV infection and the natural history of cervical neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xianjie Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qingbo Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Honghui Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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11
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Turton M, Africa CWJ. Further evidence for periodontal disease as a risk indicator for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Int Dent J 2016; 67:148-156. [PMID: 27988930 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is increasing evidence to suggest an association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the issue remains controversial. STUDY OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that periodontal disease is a risk indicator for preterm delivery of low-birthweight infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample comprised 443 pregnant women with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 24.13 (±5.30) years. At first visit, maternal oral health status was assessed by the measurement of probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss, and periodontal status was graded as absent, mild, moderate or severe. An association was sought between pregnancy outcomes and maternal periodontal status. RESULTS While controlling for other factors, significant associations were found between pregnancy outcomes and maternal periodontal index scores. CONCLUSION This study provides further evidence that periodontal disease is a risk indicator for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervyn Turton
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlene W J Africa
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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van de Wijgert JHHM, Borgdorff H, Verhelst R, Crucitti T, Francis S, Verstraelen H, Jespers V. The vaginal microbiota: what have we learned after a decade of molecular characterization? PLoS One 2016. [PMID: 25148517 DOI: 10.1371/joumal.pone.0105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of the Medline database (U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A) to determine if consistent molecular vaginal microbiota (VMB) composition patterns can be discerned after a decade of molecular testing, and to evaluate demographic, behavioral and clinical determinants of VMB compositions. Studies were eligible when published between 1 January 2008 and 15 November 2013, and if at least one molecular technique (sequencing, PCR, DNA fingerprinting, or DNA hybridization) was used to characterize the VMB. Sixty three eligible studies were identified. These studies have now conclusively shown that lactobacilli-dominated VMB are associated with a healthy vaginal micro-environment and that bacterial vaginosis (BV) is best described as a polybacterial dysbiosis. The extent of dysbiosis correlates well with Nugent score and vaginal pH but not with the other Amsel criteria. Lactobacillus crispatus is more beneficial than L. iners. Longitudinal studies have shown that a L. crispatus-dominated VMB is more likely to shift to a L. iners-dominated or mixed lactobacilli VMB than to full dysbiosis. Data on VMB determinants are scarce and inconsistent, but dysbiosis is consistently associated with HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV), and Trichomonas vaginalis infection. In contrast, vaginal colonization with Candida spp. is more common in women with a lactobacilli-dominated VMB than in women with dysbiosis. Cervicovaginal mucosal immune responses to molecular VMB compositions have not yet been properly characterized. Molecular techniques have now become more affordable, and we make a case for incorporating them into larger epidemiological studies to address knowledge gaps in etiology and pathogenesis of dysbiosis, associations of different dysbiotic states with clinical outcomes, and to evaluate interventions aimed at restoring and maintaining a lactobacilli-dominated VMB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanneke Borgdorff
- Academic Medical Center and Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Verhelst
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tania Crucitti
- Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Suzanna Francis
- London School for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Verstraelen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vicky Jespers
- Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Thomaidis PC, Pantazatou A, Kamariotis S, Vlachos K, Roussos G, Panagiotou P, Stylianakis A. Sonication assisted microbiological diagnosis of implant-related infection caused by Prevotella disiens and Staphylococcus epidermidis in a patient with cranioplasty. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:307. [PMID: 26183701 PMCID: PMC4504397 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections present a major complication of cranioplasty procedures and in many cases removal of the implant material becomes a necessity. Sonication of the artificial implant material has been used during the last years, in order to facilitate better diagnosis of these infections, nevertheless its use in cranial implant infections is still limited. Case presentation A case of a 63-year-old Caucasian male patient who underwent a decompressive craniectomy, due to intracranial hemorrhage, and a consequent cranioplasty using an autogenic bone flap fixed by titanium clamps, is reported. After three unsuccessful cranioplasty efforts to repair a persistent skin defect, removing the bone flap and the titanium clamps was a necessity. Tissue and bone cultures were unable to reveal any microorganism whilst sonication of the removed titanium clamps and consequent culture of the resulting sonication liquid yielded Prevotella disiens and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The patient was treated with daptomycin and metronidazole until discharge and the skin defect was successfully repaired. Conclusion The present case report indicates that the use of the sonication procedure assisted the microbiological diagnosis. This is the first known neurosurgical case of the implementation of the sonication procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos C Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Implant Infections, Department of Microbiology, "KAT" General Hospital, 14561, Athens, Greece.
| | - Angeliki Pantazatou
- Department of Microbiology, "Laikon" General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Spyros Kamariotis
- Laboratory of Implant Infections, Department of Microbiology, "KAT" General Hospital, 14561, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - George Roussos
- Plastic Surgery Department, "KAT" General Hospital, 14561, Athens, Greece.
| | - Petros Panagiotou
- Plastic Surgery Department, "KAT" General Hospital, 14561, Athens, Greece.
| | - Antonios Stylianakis
- Laboratory of Implant Infections, Department of Microbiology, "KAT" General Hospital, 14561, Athens, Greece.
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14
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Ruan Y, Shen L, Zou Y, Qi Z, Yin J, Jiang J, Guo L, He L, Chen Z, Tang Z, Qin S. Comparative genome analysis of Prevotella intermedia strain isolated from infected root canal reveals features related to pathogenicity and adaptation. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:122. [PMID: 25765460 PMCID: PMC4349605 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many species of the genus Prevotella are pathogens that cause oral diseases. Prevotella intermedia is known to cause various oral disorders e.g. periodontal disease, periapical periodontitis and noma as well as colonize in the respiratory tract and be associated with cystic fibrosis and chronic bronchitis. It is of clinical significance to identify the main drive of its various adaptation and pathogenicity. In order to explore the intra-species genetic differences among strains of Prevotella intermedia of different niches, we isolated a strain Prevotella intermedia ZT from the infected root canal of a Chinese patient with periapical periodontitis and gained a draft genome sequence. We annotated the genome and compared it with the genomes of other taxa in the genus Prevotella. Results The raw data set, consisting of approximately 65X-coverage reads, was trimmed and assembled into contigs from which 2165 ORFs were predicted. The comparison of the Prevotella intermedia ZT genome sequence with the published genome sequence of Prevotella intermedia 17 and Prevotella intermedia ATCC25611 revealed that ~14% of the genes were strain-specific. The Preveotella intermedia strains share a set of conserved genes contributing to its adaptation and pathogenic and possess strain-specific genes especially those involved in adhesion and secreting bacteriocin. The Prevotella intermedia ZT shares similar gene content with other taxa of genus Prevotella. The genomes of the genus Prevotella is highly dynamic with relative conserved parts: on average, about half of the genes in one Prevotella genome were not included in another genome of the different Prevotella species. The degree of conservation varied with different pathways: the ability of amino acid biosynthesis varied greatly with species but the pathway of cell wall components biosynthesis were nearly constant. Phylogenetic tree shows that the taxa from different niches are scarcely distributed among clades. Conclusions Prevotella intermedia ZT belongs to a genus marked with highly dynamic genomes. The specific genes of Prevotella intermedia indicate that adhesion, competing with surrounding microbes and horizontal gene transfer are the main drive of the evolution of Prevotella intermedia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1272-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Ruan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Institutes of Pilot Genomics and Human Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Institutes of Pilot Genomics and Human Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Endodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhengnan Qi
- Department of Endodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- The Fourth Hospital of Jinan City; Taishan Medical College, Jinan, 250031, China.
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Institutes of Pilot Genomics and Human Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zijiang Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zisheng Tang
- Department of Endodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders(Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashang Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Shanghai Institutes of Pilot Genomics and Human Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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15
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Vodstrcil LA, Walker SM, Hocking JS, Law M, Forcey DS, Fehler G, Bilardi JE, Chen MY, Fethers KA, Fairley CK, Bradshaw CS. Incident Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) in Women Who Have Sex With Women Is Associated With Behaviors That Suggest Sexual Transmission of BV. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 60:1042-53. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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van de Wijgert JHHM, Borgdorff H, Verhelst R, Crucitti T, Francis S, Verstraelen H, Jespers V. The vaginal microbiota: what have we learned after a decade of molecular characterization? PLoS One 2014; 9:e105998. [PMID: 25148517 PMCID: PMC4141851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of the Medline database (U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A) to determine if consistent molecular vaginal microbiota (VMB) composition patterns can be discerned after a decade of molecular testing, and to evaluate demographic, behavioral and clinical determinants of VMB compositions. Studies were eligible when published between 1 January 2008 and 15 November 2013, and if at least one molecular technique (sequencing, PCR, DNA fingerprinting, or DNA hybridization) was used to characterize the VMB. Sixty three eligible studies were identified. These studies have now conclusively shown that lactobacilli-dominated VMB are associated with a healthy vaginal micro-environment and that bacterial vaginosis (BV) is best described as a polybacterial dysbiosis. The extent of dysbiosis correlates well with Nugent score and vaginal pH but not with the other Amsel criteria. Lactobacillus crispatus is more beneficial than L. iners. Longitudinal studies have shown that a L. crispatus-dominated VMB is more likely to shift to a L. iners-dominated or mixed lactobacilli VMB than to full dysbiosis. Data on VMB determinants are scarce and inconsistent, but dysbiosis is consistently associated with HIV, human papillomavirus (HPV), and Trichomonas vaginalis infection. In contrast, vaginal colonization with Candida spp. is more common in women with a lactobacilli-dominated VMB than in women with dysbiosis. Cervicovaginal mucosal immune responses to molecular VMB compositions have not yet been properly characterized. Molecular techniques have now become more affordable, and we make a case for incorporating them into larger epidemiological studies to address knowledge gaps in etiology and pathogenesis of dysbiosis, associations of different dysbiotic states with clinical outcomes, and to evaluate interventions aimed at restoring and maintaining a lactobacilli-dominated VMB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanneke Borgdorff
- Academic Medical Center and Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Verhelst
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tania Crucitti
- Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Suzanna Francis
- London School for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Verstraelen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vicky Jespers
- Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Nibali L, Henderson B, Sadiq ST, Donos N. Genetic dysbiosis: the role of microbial insults in chronic inflammatory diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2014; 6:22962. [PMID: 24578801 PMCID: PMC3936111 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v6.22962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of bacterial phylotypes colonise the human body and the host response to this bacterial challenge greatly influences our state of health or disease. The concept of infectogenomics highlights the importance of host genetic factors in determining the composition of human microbial biofilms and the response to this microbial challenge. We hereby introduce the term ‘genetic dysbiosis’ to highlight the role of human genetic variants affecting microbial recognition and host response in creating an environment conducive to changes in the normal microbiota. Such changes can, in turn, predispose to, and influence, diseases such as: cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, bacterial vaginosis and periodontitis. This review presents the state of the evidence on host genetic factors affecting dysbiosis and microbial misrecognition (i.e. an aberrant response to the normal microbiota) and highlights the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Henderson
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Tariq Sadiq
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikos Donos
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Hope CK, Wang Q, Burnside G, Adeyemi AA, Quenby S, Smith PW, Higham SM, Whitworth M. Assessing the association between oral hygiene and preterm birth by quantitative light-induced fluorescence. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:374694. [PMID: 24511282 PMCID: PMC3913385 DOI: 10.1155/2014/374694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the purported link between oral hygiene and preterm birth by using image analysis tools to quantify dental plaque biofilm. Volunteers (n = 91) attending an antenatal clinic were identified as those considered to be "at high risk" of preterm delivery (i.e., a previous history of idiopathic preterm delivery, case group) or those who were not considered to be at risk (control group). The women had images of their anterior teeth captured using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). These images were analysed to calculate the amount of red fluorescent plaque (ΔR%) and percentage of plaque coverage. QLF showed little difference in ΔR% between the two groups, 65.00% case versus 68.70% control, whereas there was 19.29% difference with regard to the mean plaque coverage, 25.50% case versus 20.58% control. A logistic regression model showed a significant association between plaque coverage and case/control status (P = 0.031), controlling for other potential predictor variables, namely, smoking status, maternal age, and body mass index (BMI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. Hope
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Girvan Burnside
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Adejumoke A. Adeyemi
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Division of Reproductive Health, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Philip W. Smith
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Susan M. Higham
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GN, UK
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5PS, UK
| | - Melissa Whitworth
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Centre for Women's Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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19
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Gürsoy M, Gürsoy UK, Sorsa T, Pajukanta R, Könönen E. High Salivary Estrogen and Risk of Developing Pregnancy Gingivitis. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1281-9. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Decat E, Cosyn J, De Bruyn H, Miremadi R, Saerens B, Van Mechelen E, Vermeulen S, Vaneechoutte M, Deschaght P. Optimization of quantitative polymerase chain reactions for detection and quantification of eight periodontal bacterial pathogens. BMC Res Notes 2012. [PMID: 23199017 PMCID: PMC3532386 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to optimize quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays for 8 major periodontal pathogens, i.e. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micros, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tanerella forsythia and Treponema denticola, and of the caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Results Eighteen different primer pairs were analyzed in silico regarding specificity (using BLAST analysis) and the presence of secondary structures at primer binding sites (using mFOLD). The most specific and efficiently binding primer pairs, according to these analyses, were selected for qPCR-analysis to determine amplification efficiency, limit of quantification and intra-run reproducibility. For the selected primer pairs, one for each species, the specificity was confirmed by assessing amplification of DNA extracts from isolates of closely related species. For these primer pairs, the intercycler portability was evaluated on 3 different thermal cyclers (the Applied Biosystems 7300, the Bio-Rad iQ5 and the Roche Light Cycler 480). For all assays on the different cyclers, a good correlation of the standard series was obtained (i.e. r2 ≥ 0.98), but quantification limits varied among cyclers. The overall best quantification limit was obtained by using a 2 μl sample in a final volume of 10 μl on the Light Cycler 480. Conclusions In conclusion, the proposed assays allow to quantify the bacterial loads of S. mutans, 6 periodontal pathogenic species and the genus Fusobacterium.This can be of use in assessing periodontal risk, determination of the optimal periodontal therapy and evaluation of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Decat
- Biomedical and Exact Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health&Social Work, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, Ghent, Belgium.
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21
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Harper LM, Parry S, Stamilio DM, Odibo AO, Cahill AG, Strauss JF, Macones GA. The interaction effect of bacterial vaginosis and periodontal disease on the risk of preterm delivery. Am J Perinatol 2012; 29:347-52. [PMID: 22105437 PMCID: PMC3613845 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1295644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this article is to determine if coexistence of periodontal disease (PD) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) is synergistic on the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD). The study design was secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. Women were screened 6 to 20 weeks gestation for PD and BV. Groups were defined by presence of BV and stratified on PD. The primary outcome was sPTD <37 weeks gestation. Univariable, stratified, and multivariable analyses were performed to estimate the main and interaction effects of BV and PD on sPTD. Of 1453 women screened, 792 (54.5%) were diagnosed with BV. Neither women with BV in the first trimester nor PD was at higher risk of sPTD (risk ratio [RR] for BV 1.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8-1.5, and RR for PD 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7-1.3). The interaction between BV and PD did not statistically significantly impact the odds of sPTD. Coexistence of PD and BV did not have a synergistic effect on sPTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorie M. Harper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Samuel Parry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - David M. Stamilio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Anthony O. Odibo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Alison G. Cahill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jerome F. Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - George A. Macones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis
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22
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Rutger Persson G. Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis - inflammatory and infectious connections. Review of the literature. J Oral Microbiol 2012; 4:JOM-4-11829. [PMID: 22347541 PMCID: PMC3280043 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v4i0.11829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between oral disease/periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been considered since the early 1820s. The early treatment was tooth eradication. Epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalence of RA and periodontitis may be similar and about 5% of the population are aged 50 years or older. RA is considered as an autoimmune disease whereas periodontitis has an infectious etiology with a complex inflammatory response. Both diseases are chronic and may present with bursts of disease activity. Association studies have suggested odds ratios of having RA and periodontitis varying from 1.8:1 (95% CI: 1.0–3.2, NS) to 8:1 (95% CI: 2.9–22.1, p<0.001). Genetic factors are driving the host responses in both RA and periodontitis. Tumor necrosis factor-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, regulates a cascade of inflammatory events in both RA and periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a common pathogen in periodontal infection. P. gingivalis has also been identified in synovial fluid. The specific abilities of P. gingivalis to citrullinate host peptides by proteolytic cleavage at Arg-X peptide bonds by arginine gingipains can induce autoimmune responses in RA through development of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. In addition, P. gingivalis carries heat shock proteins (HSPs) that may also trigger autoimmune responses in subjects with RA. Data suggest that periodontal therapies combined with routine RA treatments further improve RA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rutger Persson
- Department of Periodontics and Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Oral Health Sciences, University of Kristianstad, Kristianstad, Sweden; and Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Persson GR, Roos-Jansåker AM, Lindahl C, Renvert S. Microbiologic results after non-surgical erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet laser or air-abrasive treatment of peri-implantitis: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2011; 82:1267-78. [PMID: 21417591 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to assess clinical and microbiologic effects of the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis lesions using either an erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser or an air-abrasive subgingival polishing method. METHODS In a 6-month clinical trial, 42 patients with peri-implantitis were treated at one time with an Er:YAG laser or an air-abrasive device. Routine clinical methods were used to monitor clinical conditions. Baseline and 6-month intraoral radiographs were assessed with a software program. The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method was used to assess 74 bacterial species from the site with the deepest probing depth (PD) at the implant. Non-parametric tests were applied to microbiology data. RESULTS PD reductions (mean ± SD) were 0.9 ± 0.8 mm and 0.8 ± 0.5 mm in the laser and air-abrasive groups, respectively (not significant). No baseline differences in bacterial counts between groups were found. In the air-abrasive group, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus anaerobius were found at lower counts at 1 month after therapy (P <0.001) and with lower counts in the laser group for Fusobacterium nucleatum naviforme (P = 0.002), and Fusobacterium nucleatum nucleatum (P = 0.002). Both treatments failed to reduce bacterial counts at 6 months. Porphyromonas gingivalis counts were higher in cases with progressive peri-implantitis (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS At 1 month, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. anaerobius were reduced in the air-abrasive group, and Fusobacterium spp. were reduced in the laser group. Six-month data demonstrated that both methods failed to reduce bacterial counts. Clinical improvements were limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rutger Persson
- Department of Oral Sciences, School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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Alauzet C, Marchandin H, Lozniewski A. New insights into Prevotella diversity and medical microbiology. Future Microbiol 2011; 5:1695-718. [PMID: 21133690 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of recent studies based on cultivation-independent methods, it appears that the diversity of Prevotella in human microbiota is greater than was previously assumed from cultivation-based studies, and that the implication of these bacteria in several human diseases was unrecognized. While some Prevotella taxa were found during opportunistic infections, changes in Prevotella abundance and diversity were discovered during dysbiosis-associated diseases. As member of the microbiota, Prevotella may also be considered as a reservoir for resistance genes. Greater knowledge on Prevotella diversity, as well as new insights into its pathogenic potential and implication in dysbiosis are expected from the use of human microbe identification microarrays, from whole-genome sequence analyse, and from the NIH Human Microbiome Project data. New approaches, including molecular-based methods, could contribute to improve the diagnosis of Prevotella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentine Alauzet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, EA 4369, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy Université, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Avula H, Avula J. Periodontal Infections and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: The Oral Health—Fetal Connection. J Gynecol Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2009.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Avula
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jayakumar Avula
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Matevosyan NR. Periodontal disease and perinatal outcomes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 283:675-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-010-1774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zabor EC, Klebanoff M, Yu K, Zhang J, Nansel T, Andrews W, Schwebke J, Jeffcoat M. Association between periodontal disease, bacterial vaginosis, and sexual risk behaviours. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:888-93. [PMID: 20636412 PMCID: PMC2962875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study evaluated the association between periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 3569 women enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Vaginal Flora were used. Periodontal disease, defined as greater than three sites with ≥4 mm attachment loss, was assessed by specially calibrated hygienists at baseline. Positive bacterial vaginosis status was based on a Nugent Gram stain score ≥7. Pairs of independent variables were compared with Pearson's χ(2) and risk ratios were calculated through log-binomial regression. RESULTS Twenty-eight per cent of women with bacterial vaginosis had periodontal disease compared with 22% without , corresponding to 1.29 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.47) times greater risk of periodontal disease among women with bacterial vaginosis. In adjusted analysis the risk ratio dropped to 1.23 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.40). Receptive oral sex with an uncircumcised partner was associated with 1.28 times (95% CI: 0.97, 1.69) the risk for periodontal disease compared with receptive oral sex with a circumcised partner, though the association is not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In this population, there is a small but significant association between periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis and a possible trend between receptive oral sex with an uncircumcised partner and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Craig Zabor
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Persson GR, Samuelsson E, Lindahl C, Renvert S. Mechanical non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: a single-blinded randomized longitudinal clinical study. II. Microbiological results. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:563-73. [PMID: 20507380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis is common in patients with dental implants. We performed a single-blinded longitudinal randomized study to assess the effects of mechanical debridement on the peri-implant microbiota in peri-implantitis lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS An expanded checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization assay encompassing 79 different microorganisms was used to study bacterial counts before and during 6 months following mechanical treatment of peri-implantitis in 17 cases treated with curettes and 14 cases treated with an ultrasonic device. Statistics included non-parametric tests and GLM multivariate analysis with p<0001 indicating significance and 80% power. RESULTS At selected implant test sites, the most prevalent bacteria were: Fusobacterium nucleatum sp., Staphylococci sp., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Helicobacter pylori, and Tannerella forsythia. 30 min. after treatment with curettes, A. actinomycetemcomitans (serotype a), Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus anginosus, and Veillonella parvula were found at lower counts (p<0.001). No such differences were found for implants treated with the ultrasonic device. Inconsistent changes occurred following the first week. No microbiological differences between baseline and 6-month samples were found for any species or between treatment study methods in peri-implantitis. CONCLUSIONS Both methods failed to eliminate or reduce bacterial counts in peri-implantitis. No group differences were found in the ability to reduce the microbiota in peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rutger Persson
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Carrillo-de-Albornoz A, Figuero E, Herrera D, Bascones-Martínez A. Gingival changes during pregnancy: II. Influence of hormonal variations on the subgingival biofilm. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:230-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Srinivasan U, Misra D, Marazita ML, Foxman B. Vaginal and oral microbes, host genotype and preterm birth. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:963-75. [PMID: 19942083 PMCID: PMC4026093 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity in the US and across the globe. Infection and associated inflammation are important initiators for PTB pathways; an estimated 40% of PTBs are attributed to amniochorionic-decidual or systemic inflammation. Historically, intrauterine infections have been implicated in PTB; recent evidence suggests that infections remote from the fetal site may also be causative. There is strong epidemiological evidence that bacterial vaginosis and periodontitis--two syndromes characterized by perturbations in the normal vaginal and oral bacterial microflora, respectively--are linked to infection-associated PTB. Oral and vaginal environments are similar in their bacterial microbiology; identical bacterial species have been independently isolated in periodontitis and bacterial vaginosis. Periodontitis and bacterial vaginosis also share many behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors suggesting a possible common pathophysiology. Genetic polymorphisms in host inflammatory responses to infection are shared between bacterial vaginosis, periodontitis and PTB, suggesting common mechanisms through which host genotype modify the effect of abnormal bacterial colonization on preterm birth. We review the state of knowledge regarding the risk of PTB attributable to perturbations in bacterial flora in oral and vaginal sites and the role of host genetics in modifying the risk of infection-related PTB. We posit that bacterial species that are common in perturbed vaginal and oral sites are associated with PTB through their interaction with the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Srinivasan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Rogers GB, Carroll MP, Bruce KD. Studying bacterial infections through culture-independent approaches. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1401-1418. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.013334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to characterize accurately the cause of infection is fundamental to effective treatment. The impact of any antimicrobial agents used to treat infection will, however, always be constrained by both the appropriateness of their use and our ability to determine their effectiveness. Traditional culture-based diagnostic microbiology is, in many cases, unable to provide this information. Molecular microbiological approaches that assess the content of clinical samples in a culture-independent manner promise to change dramatically the types of data that are obtained routinely from clinical samples. We argue that, in addition to the technical advance that these methodologies offer, a conceptual advance in the way that we reflect on the information generated is also required. Through the development of both of these advances, our understanding of infection, as well as the ways in which infections can be treated, may be improved. In the analysis of the microbiological content of certain clinical samples, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, brain and bone biopsy, culture-independent approaches have been well documented. Herein, we discuss how extensions to such studies can shape our understanding of infection at the many sites of the human body where a mixed flora, or in more ecological terms, a community of microbes, is present. To do this, we consider the underlying principles that underpin diagnostic systems, describe the ways in which these systems can be applied to community characterization, and discuss the significance of the data generated. We propose that at all locations within the human body where infection is routinely initiated within the context of a community of microbes, the same principles will apply. To consider this further, we take insights from areas such as the gut, oral cavity and skin. The main focus here is understanding respiratory tract infection, and specifically the infections of the cystic fibrosis lung. The impact that the use of culture-independent, molecular analyses will have on the way we approach the treatment of infections is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraint B. Rogers
- Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Science Division, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Mary P. Carroll
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kenneth D. Bruce
- Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Science Division, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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