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Tantawy MN, McIntyre JO, Yull F, Calcutt MW, Koktysh DS, Wilson AJ, Zu Z, Nyman J, Rhoades J, Peterson TE, Colvin D, McCawley LJ, Rook JM, Fingleton B, Crispens MA, Alvarez RD, Gore JC. Tumor therapy by targeting extracellular hydroxyapatite using novel drugs: A paradigm shift. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6812. [PMID: 38239047 PMCID: PMC11025459 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that tumor microenvironment (TME) hydroxyapatite (HAP) is typically associated with many malignancies and plays a role in tumor progression and growth. Additionally, acidosis in the TME has been reported to play a key role in selecting for a more aggressive tumor phenotype, drug resistance and desensitization to immunotherapy for many types of cancers. TME-HAP is an attractive target for tumor detection and treatment development since HAP is generally absent from normal soft tissue. We provide strong evidence that dissolution of hydroxyapatite (HAP) within the tumor microenvironment (TME-HAP) using a novel therapeutic can be used to kill cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo with minimal adverse effects. METHODS We developed an injectable cation exchange nano particulate sulfonated polystyrene solution (NSPS) that we engineered to dissolve TME-HAP, inducing localized acute alkalosis and inhibition of tumor growth and glucose metabolism. This was evaluated in cell culture using 4T1, MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells, MCF10 normal breast cells, and H292 lung cancer cells, and in vivo using orthotopic mouse models of cancer that contained detectable microenvironment HAP including breast (MMTV-Neu, 4T1, and MDA-MB-231), prostate (PC3) and colon (HCA7) cancer using 18 F-NaF for HAP and 18 F-FDG for glucose metabolism with PET imaging. On the other hand, H292 lung tumor cells that lacked detectable microenvironment HAP and MCF10a normal breast cells that do not produce HAP served as negative controls. Tumor microenvironment pH levels following injection of NSPS were evaluated via Chemical Exchange Saturation (CEST) MRI and via ex vivo methods. RESULTS Within 24 h of adding the small concentration of 1X of NSPS (~7 μM), we observed significant tumor cell death (~ 10%, p < 0.05) in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cell cultures that contain HAP but ⟨2% in H292 and MCF10a cells that lack detectable HAP and in controls. Using CEST MRI, we found extracellular pH (pHe) in the 4T1 breast tumors, located in the mammary fat pad, to increase by nearly 10% from baseline before gradually receding back to baseline during the first hour post NSPS administration. in the tumors that contained TME-HAP in mouse models, MMTV-Neu, 4T1, and MDA-MB-231, PC3, and HCA7, there was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in 18 F-Na Fuptake post NSPS treatment as expected; 18 F- uptake in the tumor = 3.8 ± 0.5 %ID/g (percent of the injected dose per gram) at baseline compared to 1.8 ±0.5 %ID/g following one-time treatment with 100 mg/kg NSPS. Of similar importance, is that 18 F-FDG uptake in the tumors was reduced by more than 75% compared to baseline within 24 h of treatment with one-time NSPS which persisted for at least one week. Additionally, tumor growth was significantly slower (p < 0.05) in the mice treated with one-time NSPS. Toxicity showed no evidence of any adverse effects, a finding attributed to the absence of HAP in normal soft tissue and to our therapeutic NSPS having limited penetration to access HAP within skeletal bone. CONCLUSION Dissolution of TME-HAP using our novel NSPS has the potential to provide a new treatment paradigm to enhance the management of cancer patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N. Tantawy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - J. Oliver McIntyre
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Fiona Yull
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center of ChemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Dmitry S. Koktysh
- Department of ChemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jeff Nyman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Orthopaedic SurgeryVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Julie Rhoades
- Orthopaedic SurgeryVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Todd E. Peterson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Daniel Colvin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Lisa J. McCawley
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jerri. M. Rook
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Marta Ann Crispens
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Division of Gynecologic OncologyVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Ronald D. Alvarez
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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Ma H, Wang J, Zhang XD. Near-infrared II emissive metal clusters: From atom physics to biomedicine. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kristiansson A, Örbom A, Vilhelmsson Timmermand O, Ahlstedt J, Strand SE, Åkerström B. Kidney Protection with the Radical Scavenger α 1-Microglobulin (A1M) during Peptide Receptor Radionuclide and Radioligand Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081271. [PMID: 34439519 PMCID: PMC8389303 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-Microglobulin (A1M) is an antioxidant found in all vertebrates, including humans. It has enzymatic reductase activity and can scavenge radicals and bind free heme groups. Infused recombinant A1M accumulates in the kidneys and has therefore been successful in protecting kidney injuries in different animal models. In this review, we focus on A1M as a radioprotector of the kidneys during peptide receptor radionuclide/radioligand therapy (PRRT/RLT). Patients with, e.g., neuroendocrine tumors or castration resistant prostate cancer can be treated by administration of radiolabeled small molecules which target and therefore enable the irradiation and killing of cancer cells through specific receptor interaction. The treatment is not curative, and kidney toxicity has been reported as a side effect since the small, radiolabeled substances are retained and excreted through the kidneys. In recent studies, A1M was shown to have radioprotective effects on cell cultures as well as having a similar biodistribution as the somatostatin analogue peptide 177Lu-DOTATATE after intravenous infusion in mice. Therefore, several animal studies were conducted to investigate the in vivo radioprotective potential of A1M towards kidneys. The results of these studies demonstrated that A1M co-infusion yielded protection against kidney toxicity and improved overall survival in mouse models. Moreover, two different mouse studies reported that A1M did not interfere with tumor treatment itself. Here, we give an overview of radionuclide therapy, the A1M physiology and the results from the radioprotector studies of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kristiansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anders Örbom
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
| | - Jonas Ahlstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, CIPA, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (A.Ö.); (O.V.T.); (S.-E.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
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Wang F, Otsuka T, Takahashi K, Narui C, Colvin DC, Harris RC, Takahashi T, Gore JC. Renal tubular dilation and fibrosis after unilateral ureter obstruction revealed by relaxometry and spin-lock exchange MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4539. [PMID: 33963778 PMCID: PMC10805126 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the use of quantitative MRI relaxometry, including the dispersion of spin-lock relaxation with different locking fields, for detecting and assessing tubular dilation and fibrosis in a mouse model of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). C57BL/6 J and BALB/c mice that exhibit different levels of tubular dilation and renal fibrosis after UUO were subjected to MR imaging at 7 T. Mice were imaged before UUO surgery, and at 5, 10 and 15 days after surgery. We acquired maps of relaxation rates and fit the dispersion of spin-lock relaxation rates R1ρ at different locking fields (frequencies) to a model of exchanging water pools, and assessed the sensitivity of the derived quantities for detecting tubular dilation and fibrosis in kidney. Histological scores for tubular dilation and fibrosis, based on luminal space and positive fibrotic areas in sections, were obtained for comparison. Histology detected extensive tubular dilation and mild to moderate fibrosis in the UUO kidneys, in which enlargement of luminal space, deposition of collagen, and reductions in capillary density were observed in the cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla. Relaxation rates R1 , R2 and R1ρ clearly decreased in these regions of UUO kidneys longitudinally. While R1 showed the highest detectability to tubular dilation and overall changes in UUO kidneys, Sρ , a parameter derived from R1ρ dispersion data, showed the highest correlation with renal fibrosis in UUO. While relaxation parameters are sensitive to tubular dilation in UUO kidneys, Sρ depends primarily on the average exchange rate between water and other chemically shifted resonances such as hydroxyls and amides, and provides additional specific information for evaluating fibrosis in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Tadashi Otsuka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Chikage Narui
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Daniel C. Colvin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vanderbilt O’Brien Kidney Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37232
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Retro-orbital injection of FITC-dextran combined with isolectin B4 in assessing the retinal neovascularization defect. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:208. [PMID: 33975571 PMCID: PMC8112026 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A reliable and effective method is required to deliver agent that can aid the in vivo imaging of retinal vessels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate retro-orbital (RO) injection of fluorescein-labeled isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran) as a method of demonstrating retinal neovascularization (NV) and avascular areas in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice. Methods Different concentrations of FITC-dextran were used to compare the efficacy of this agent in perfusing the retinal vessels. Hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the safety of RO injection. The vitreous blood vessels and extent of NV were assessed in P17 OIR mice using FITC-dextran and compared with the corresponding measurements obtained following isolectin B4 staining or the combination of both methods. Results The fluorescence of small vessels and neovascular tufts could be observed clearly following RO injection of 0.05 ml of 25 mg/ml or 50 mg/ml FITC-dextran. No visible damage to tissues adjacent to the injection site was discovered. Vitreous blood flow was gradually reduced from P0 to P5 and eventually disappeared in P17 OIR mice, as demonstrated by FITC-dextran perfusion. The retinal NV areas assessed by isolectin B4 were larger than those assessed by FITC-dextran, but the retinal avascular areas were smaller. The combination of both methods could conduce to distinguish non-functional blood vessels. Conclusions RO injection of FITC-dextran combined with isolectin B4 is an effective, optimal method for assessing the NV area and avascular area.
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Katagiri D, Wang F, Gore JC, Harris RC, Takahashi T. Clinical and experimental approaches for imaging of acute kidney injury. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 25:685-699. [PMID: 33835326 PMCID: PMC8154759 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-021-02055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Complex molecular cell dynamics in acute kidney injury and its heterogeneous etiologies in patient populations in clinical settings have revealed the potential advantages and disadvantages of emerging novel damage biomarkers. Imaging techniques have been developed over the past decade to further our understanding about diseased organs, including the kidneys. Understanding the compositional, structural, and functional changes in damaged kidneys via several imaging modalities would enable a more comprehensive analysis of acute kidney injury, including its risks, diagnosis, and prognosis. This review summarizes recent imaging studies for acute kidney injury and discusses their potential utility in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Katagiri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, S-3223 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Nephrology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt In Vivo Mouse Kidney Imaging Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt In Vivo Mouse Kidney Imaging Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, S-3223 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, S-3223 MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Vanderbilt In Vivo Mouse Kidney Imaging Core, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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7
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177Lu-PSMA-617 Therapy in Mice, with or without the Antioxidant α 1-Microglobulin (A1M), Including Kidney Damage Assessment Using 99mTc-MAG3 Imaging. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020263. [PMID: 33579037 PMCID: PMC7916794 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy is promising but not curative in castration resistant prostate cancer. One way to broaden the therapeutic index could be to administer higher doses in combination with radioprotectors, since administered radioactivity is kept low today in order to avoid side-effects from a high absorbed dose to healthy tissue. Here, we investigated the human radical scavenger α1-microglobulin (A1M) together with 177-Lutetium (177Lu) labeled PSMA-617 in preclinical models with respect to therapeutic efficacy and kidney toxicity. Nude mice with subcutaneous LNCaP xenografts were injected with 50 or 100 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, with or without injections of recombinant A1M (rA1M) (at T = 0 and T = 24 h). Kidney absorbed dose was calculated to 7.36 Gy at 4 days post a 100 MBq injection. Activity distribution was imaged with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) at 24 h. Tumor volumes were measured continuously, and kidneys and blood were collected at termination (3–4 days and 3–4 weeks after injections). In a parallel set of experiments, mice were given [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and rA1M as above and dynamic technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine ([99mTc]Tc-MAG3) SPECT imaging was performed prior to injection, and 3- and 6-months post injection. Blood and urine were continuously sampled. At termination (6 months) the kidneys were resected. Biomarkers of kidney function, expression of stress genes and kidney histopathology were analyzed. [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 uptake, in tumors and kidneys, as well as treatment efficacy did not differ between rA1M and vehicle groups. In mice given rA1M, [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 imaging revealed a significantly higher slope of initial uptake at three months compared to mice co-injected with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and vehicle. Little or no change compared to control was seen in urine albumin, serum/plasma urea levels, RT-qPCR analysis of stress response genes and in the kidney histopathological evaluation. In conclusion, [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 imaging presented itself as a sensitive tool to detect changes in kidney function revealing that administration of rA1M has a potentially positive effect on kidney perfusion and tubular function when combined with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. Furthermore, we could show that rA1M did not affect anti-PSMA radioligand therapy efficacy.
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Abstract
The Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center (VOKC) is one of the eight National Institutes of Health P30-funded centers in the United States. The mission of these core-based centers is to provide technical and conceptual support to enhance and facilitate research in the field of kidney diseases. The goal of the VOKC is to provide support to understand mechanisms and identify potential therapies for acute and chronic kidney disease. The services provided by the VOKC are meant to help the scientific community to have the right support and tools as well as to select the right animal model, statistical analysis, and clinical study design to perform innovative research and translate discoveries into personalized care to prevent, diagnose, and cure kidney disease. To achieve these goals, the VOKC has in place a program to foster collaborative investigation into critical questions of kidney disease, to personalize diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease, and to disseminate information about kidney disease and the benefits of VOKC services and research. The VOKC is complemented by state-of-the-art cores and an education and outreach program whose goals are to provide an educational platform to enhance the study of kidney disease, to publicize information about services available through the VOKC, and to provide information about kidney disease to patients and other interested members of the community. In this review, we highlight the major services and contributions of the VOKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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Chen Z, Lin H, Xu M, Xu G, Fang X, He L, Geng H. The clinical manifestations of intermittent hydronephrosis and their relationship with renal function in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Urol 2020; 16:458.e1-458.e6. [PMID: 32448600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Most patients with intermittent hydronephrosis have preserved differential renal function (DRF), while others already have impaired DRF at diagnosis. We summarized the clinical manifestations of intermittent hydronephrosis to elucidate what may be related to DRF loss. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively reviewed patients presenting to our department with unilateral Dietl's Crisis between January 2014 and December 2017. Clinical characteristics were collected, including age of first onset, time of onset, duration of the longest single episodes and whether the patient had prenatally detected hydronephrosis. Ultrasonographic (US) parameters included anteroposterior diameter (APD) during the symptomatic and asymptomatic period. Dynamic renograms (DR) were reviewed to obtain preoperative DRF. RESULTS A total of 150 patients met the selective criteria. Of the 128 patients whose mother had regular obstetric ultrasounds during pregnancy, 50 (39.06%) had prenatally detected pelvic dilation. The mean age of the first attack was earlier in the prenatally detected hydronephrosis group than in the postnatally detected group (4.58 vs 5.87, p = 0.002). The mean preoperative DRF was 41.03% in all of the patients. The patients whose DRFs were below 40% had longer durations of single attacks than those over 40%. The former group also had larger APD during the symptomatic periods than the latter group. The risk of DRF < 40% was higher in the patients whose APD at attack was greater than 35 mm (OR=5.111, χ2=12.899, p < 0.001). The attack times, waiting time before the surgery and age of the first onset had no association with preoperative DRF. DISCUSSION Our study first found that in patients with Dietl's Crisis, the APD during the symptomatic periods and the longest duration of the attack were associated with DRF loss. But the retrospective nature of our study limited us to understand the relationship between DRF and total duration of all attacks. CONCLUSION This study revealed that children with prenatal hydronephrosis could develop Dietl's Crisis at early ages. A longer duration of attack and larger APD during the attack were associated with impaired DRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoutong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Houwei Lin
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Maosheng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Fang
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongquan Geng
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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Zhang J, Wang X, Wei J, Wang L, Jiang S, Xu L, Qu L, Yang K, Fu L, Buggs J, Cheng F, Liu R. A two-stage bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced AKI to CKD transition model in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F304-F311. [PMID: 32567350 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00017.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly increases the risk of development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, our laboratory generated a mouse model with the typical phenotypes of AKI to CKD transition in the unilateral kidney. However, AKI, CKD, and even the transition from AKI to CKD usually occur bilaterally rather than unilaterally in patients. Therefore, in the present study, we further modified the strategy and developed a new model of CKD transitioned from bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in C57BL/6 mice. In this new model, unilateral severe IRI was performed in one kidney while the contralateral kidney was kept intact to maintain animal survival; then, following 14 days of recovery, when the renal function of the injured kidney restored above the survival threshold, the contralateral intact kidney was subjected to a similar IRI. Animals of these two-stage bilateral IRI models with pedicle clamping of 21 and 24 min at a body temperature of 37°C exhibited incomplete recovery from AKI and subsequent development of CKD with characteristics of progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate, increases in plasma creatinine, worsening of proteinuria, and deleterious histopathological changes, including interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, in both kidneys. In conclusion, a new bilateral AKI to CKD transition animal model with a typical phenotype of CKD was generated in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lan Xu
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Larry Qu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Liying Fu
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Huang J, Pu K. Near-infrared fluorescent molecular probes for imaging and diagnosis of nephro-urological diseases. Chem Sci 2020; 12:3379-3392. [PMID: 34163613 PMCID: PMC8179423 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02925d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has improved imaging depth relative to conventional fluorescence imaging in the visible region, demonstrating great potential in both fundamental biomedical research and clinical practice. To improve the detection specificity, NIR fluorescence imaging probes have been under extensive development. This review summarizes the particular application of optical imaging probes with the NIR-I window (700-900 nm) or the NIR-II window (1000-1700 nm) emission for diagnosis of nephron-urological diseases. These molecular probes have enabled contrast-enhanced imaging of anatomical structures and physiological function as well as molecular imaging and early diagnosis of acute kidney injury, iatrogenic ureteral injury and bladder cancer. The design strategies of molecular probes are specifically elaborated along with representative imaging applications. The potential challenges and perspectives in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguo Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive Singapore 637457 Singapore
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12
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Wang F, Colvin DC, Wang S, Li H, Zu Z, Harris RC, Zhang MZ, Gore JC. Spin-lock relaxation rate dispersion reveals spatiotemporal changes associated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis in murine kidney. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2074-2087. [PMID: 32141646 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a reliable non-invasive means for assessing the severity and progression of fibrosis in kidneys. We used spin-lock MR imaging with different locking fields to detect and characterize progressive renal fibrosis in an hHB-EGFTg/Tg mouse model. METHODS Male hHB-EGFTg/Tg mice, a well-established model of progressive fibrosis, and age-matched normal wild type (WT) mice, were imaged at 7T at ages 5-7, 11-13, and 30-40 weeks. Spin-lock relaxation rates R1 ρ were measured at different locking fields (frequencies) and the resultant dispersion curves were fit to a model of exchanging water pools. The obtained MRI parameters were evaluated as potential indicators of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in kidney. Histological examinations of renal fibrosis were also carried out post-mortem after MRI. RESULTS Histology detected extensive fibrosis in the hHB-EGFTg/Tg mice, in which collagen deposition and reductions in capillary density were observed in the fibrotic regions of kidneys. R2 and R1 ρ values at different spin-lock powers clearly dropped in the fibrotic region as fibrosis progressed. There was less variation in the asymptotic locking field relaxation rate R 1 ρ ∞ between the groups. The exchange parameter Sρ and the inflection frequency ωinfl changed by larger factors. CONCLUSION Both Sρ and ωinfl depend primarily on the average exchange rate between water and other chemically shifted resonances such as hydroxyls and amides. Spin-lock relaxation rate dispersion, rather than single measurements of relaxation rates, provides more comprehensive and specific information on spatiotemporal changes associated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis in murine kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel C Colvin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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13
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Wang F, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li K, Harris RC, Gore JC, Zhang MZ. Noninvasive quantitative magnetization transfer MRI reveals tubulointerstitial fibrosis in murine kidney. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4128. [PMID: 31355979 PMCID: PMC6817372 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Excessive tissue scarring, or fibrosis, is a critical contributor to end stage renal disease, but current clinical tests are not sufficient for assessing renal fibrosis. Quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) MRI provides indirect information about the macromolecular composition of tissues. We evaluated measurements of the pool size ratio (PSR, the ratio of immobilized macromolecular to free water protons) obtained by qMT as a biomarker of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a well-established murine model with progressive renal disease. MR images were acquired from 16-week-old fibrotic hHB-EGFTg/Tg mice and normal wild-type (WT) mice (N = 12) at 7 T. QMT parameters were derived using a two-pool five-parameter fitting model. A normal range of PSR values in the cortex and outer stripe of outer medulla (CR + OSOM) was determined by averaging across voxels within WT kidneys (mean ± 2SD). Regions in diseased mice whose PSR values exceeded the normal range above a threshold value (tPSR) were identified and measured. The spatial distribution of fibrosis was confirmed using picrosirius red stains. Compared with normal WT mice, scattered clusters of high PSR regions were observed in the OSOM of hHB-EGFTg/Tg mouse kidneys. Moderate increases in mean PSR (mPSR) of CR + OSOM regions were observed across fibrotic kidneys. The abnormally high PSR regions (% area) detected by the tPSR were significantly increased in hHB-EGFTg/Tg mice, and were highly correlated with regions of fibrosis detected by histological fibrosis indices measured from picrosirius red staining. Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in OSOM can thus be assessed by qMT MRI using an appropriate analysis of PSR. This technique may be used as an imaging biomarker for chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Yahua Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
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14
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Chen Y, Tang W, Yu F, Xie Y, Jaramillo L, Jang HS, Li J, Padanilam BJ, Oupický D. Determinants of preferential renal accumulation of synthetic polymers in acute kidney injury. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118555. [PMID: 31344445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. AKI may lead to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Currently, the management of AKI is mainly focused on supportive treatments. Previous studies showed macromolecular delivery systems as a promising method to target AKI, but little is known about how physicochemical properties affect the renal accumulation of polymers in ischemia-reperfusion AKI. In this study, a panel of fluorescently labeled polymers with a range of molecular weights and net charge was synthesized by living radical polymerization. By testing biodistribution of the polymers in unilateral ischemia-reperfusion mouse model of AKI, the results showed that negatively charged and neutral polymers had the greatest potential for selectively accumulating in I/R kidneys. The polymers passed through glomerulus and were retained in proximal tubular cells for up to 24 h after injection. The results obtained in the unilateral model were validated in a bilateral ischemic-reperfusion model. This study demonstrates for the first time that polymers with specific physicochemical characteristics exhibit promising ability to accumulate in the injured AKI kidney, providing initial insights on their use as polymeric drug delivery systems in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Weimin Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ying Xie
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lee Jaramillo
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hee-Seong Jang
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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15
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Fu Y, Tang C, Cai J, Chen G, Zhang D, Dong Z. Rodent models of AKI-CKD transition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1098-F1106. [PMID: 29949392 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00199.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a contributing factor in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite rapid progresses, the mechanism underlying AKI-CKD transition remains largely unclear. Animal models recapitulating this process are crucial to the research of the pathophysiology of AKI-CKD transition and the development of effective therapeutics. In this review, we present the commonly used rodent models of AKI-CKD transition, including bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), unilateral IRI, unilateral IRI with contralateral nephrectomy, multiple episodes of IRI, and repeated treatment of low-dose cisplatin, diphtheria toxin, aristolochic acid, or folic acid. The main merits and pitfalls of these models are also discussed. This review provides helpful information for establishing reliable and clinically relevant models for studying post-AKI development of chronic renal pathologies and the progression to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Augusta, Georgia
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16
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Radiolabeled polyoxometalate clusters: Kidney dysfunction evaluation and tumor diagnosis by positron emission tomography imaging. Biomaterials 2018; 171:144-152. [PMID: 29689411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled nanoprobes for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has received special attention over the past decade, allowing for sensitive, non-invasive, and quantitative detection of different diseases. The rapidly renal clearable nanomaterials normally suffer from a low accumulation in the tumor through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect due to the rapidly reduced concentration in the blood circulation after renal clearance. It is highly important to design radiolabeled nanomaterials which can meet the balance between the rapid renal clearance and strong EPR effect within a suitable timescale. Herein, renal clearable polyoxometalate (POM) clusters of ultra-small size (∼1 nm in diameter) were readily radiolabeled with the oxophilic 89Zr to obtain 89Zr-POM clusters, which may allow for efficient staging of kidney dysfunction in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Furthermore, the as-synthesized clusters can accumulate in the tumor through EPR effect and self-assemble into larger nanostructures in the acidic tumor microenvironment for enhanced tumor accumulation, offering an excellent balance between renal clearance and EPR effect.
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17
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Werner RA, Wakabayashi H, Chen X, Hirano M, Shinaji T, Lapa C, Rowe SP, Javadi MS, Higuchi T. Functional Renal Imaging with 2-Deoxy-2-18F-Fluorosorbitol PET in Rat Models of Renal Disorders. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:828-832. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.203828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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Cheng L, Jiang D, Kamkaew A, Valdovinos HF, Im HJ, Feng L, England CG, Goel S, Barnhart TE, Liu Z, Cai W. Renal-Clearable PEGylated Porphyrin Nanoparticles for Image-guided Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1702928. [PMID: 29151826 PMCID: PMC5687274 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201702928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was used to investigate the balance between renal clearance and tumor uptake behaviors of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified porphyrin nanoparticles (TCPP-PEG) with various molecular weights. TCPP-PEG10K nanoparticles with clearance behavior would be a good candidate for PET image-guided photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Departments of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Departments of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Anyanee Kamkaew
- Departments of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree Institute of Science, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Hector F Valdovinos
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Departments of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Liangzhu Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Christopher G England
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Shreya Goel
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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19
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Huang J, Gretz N. Light-Emitting Agents for Noninvasive Assessment of Kidney Function. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:456-471. [PMID: 28794936 PMCID: PMC5542756 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The noninvasive assessment of kidney function and diagnosis of kidney disease have long been challenges. Traditional methods are not routinely available, because the existing protocols are cumbersome, time consuming, and invasive. In the past few years, significant progress in the area of diagnosing kidney function and disease on the basis of light-emitting agents has been made. Herein, we briefly review light-emitting agents, including organic fluorescent agents and inorganic renal clearable luminescent nanoparticles for the noninvasive and real-time monitoring of kidney function and disease. Moreover, some significant requirements and strategies regarding the design of ideal glomerular filtration rate agents and renal clearable nanoparticles are discussed. Finally, we discuss future challenges in expediting clinical translation of these developed light-emitting agents, along with considerations of the efforts that need to be made to develop new agents and diagnosing kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaguo Huang
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergTheodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–368167MannheimGermany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergTheodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–368167MannheimGermany
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20
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Wang F, Takahashi K, Li H, Zu Z, Li K, Xu J, Harris RC, Takahashi T, Gore JC. Assessment of unilateral ureter obstruction with multi-parametric MRI. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2216-2227. [PMID: 28736875 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) methods may allow the assessment of renal injury and function in a sensitive and objective manner. This study aimed to evaluate an array of MRI methods that exploit endogenous contrasts including relaxation rates, pool size ratio (PSR) derived from quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for their sensitivity and specificity in detecting abnormal features associated with kidney disease in a murine model of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). METHODS MRI scans were performed in anesthetized C57BL/6N mice 1, 3, or 6 days after UUO at 7T. Paraffin tissue sections were stained with Masson trichrome following MRI. RESULTS Compared to contralateral kidneys, the cortices of UUO kidneys showed decreases of relaxation rates R1 and R2 , PSR, NOE, and ADC. No significant changes in CEST effects were observed for the cortical region of UUO kidneys. The MRI parametric changes in renal cortex are related to tubular cell death, tubular atrophy, tubular dilation, urine retention, and interstitial fibrosis in the cortex of UUO kidneys. CONCLUSION Measurements of multiple MRI parameters provide comprehensive information about the molecular and cellular changes produced by UUO. Magn Reson Med 79:2216-2227, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Junzhong Xu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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21
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FGF23 is synthesised locally by renal tubules and activates injury-primed fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3345. [PMID: 28611350 PMCID: PMC5469734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In kidney disease, higher circulating levels of the mineral-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 are predictive of disease progression but direct pathogenic effects on the kidney are unknown. We sought evidence of local renal synthesis in response to unilateral ureteric obstruction in the mouse, and pro-fibrotic actions of FGF23 on the fibroblast in vitro. Acute tubulointerstitial injury due to unilateral ureteric obstruction stimulated renal FGF23 synthesis by tubules, and downregulated inactivating proprotein convertases, without effects on systemic mineral metabolism. In vitro, FGF23 had divergent effects on fibroblast activation in cells derived from normal and obstructed kidneys. While FGF23 failed to stimulate fibrogenesis in normal fibroblasts, in those primed by injury, FGF23 induced pro-fibrotic signalling cascades via activation of TGF-β pathways. Effects were independent of α-klotho. Tubule-derived FGF23 may amplify myofibroblast activation in acute renal injury, and might provide a novel therapeutic target in renal fibrosis.
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22
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Comparison of 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy with biochemical and histopathological findings in animal models of acute kidney injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 434:163-169. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Yamaguchi H, Tsuchimochi M, Hayama K, Kawase T, Tsubokawa N. Dual-Labeled Near-Infrared/(99m)Tc Imaging Probes Using PAMAM-Coated Silica Nanoparticles for the Imaging of HER2-Expressing Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071086. [PMID: 27399687 PMCID: PMC4964462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to develop dual-modality imaging probes using functionalized silica nanoparticles to target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer cells and achieve efficient target imaging of HER2-expressing tumors. Polyamidoamine-based functionalized silica nanoparticles (PCSNs) for multimodal imaging were synthesized with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (indocyanine green (ICG)) and technetium-99m (99mTc) radioactivity. Anti-HER2 antibodies were bound to the labeled PCSNs. These dual-imaging probes were tested to image HER2-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells. In vivo imaging was also examined in breast tumor xenograft models in mice. SK-BR3 (HER2 positive) cells were imaged with stronger NIR fluorescent signals than that in MDA-MB231 (HER2 negative) cells. The increased radioactivity of the SK-BR3 cells was also confirmed by phosphor imaging. NIR images showed strong fluorescent signals in the SK-BR3 tumor model compared to muscle tissues and the MDA-MB231 tumor model. Automatic well counting results showed increased radioactivity in the SK-BR3 xenograft tumors. We developed functionalized silica nanoparticles loaded with 99mTc and ICG for the targeting and imaging of HER2-expressing cells. The dual-imaging probes efficiently imaged HER2-overexpressing cells. Although further studies are needed to produce efficient isotope labeling, the results suggest that the multifunctional silica nanoparticles are a promising vehicle for imaging specific components of the cell membrane in a dual-modality manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Yamaguchi
- Quantitative Diagnostic Imaging Program, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Makoto Tsuchimochi
- Quantitative Diagnostic Imaging Program, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
- Advanced Research Center, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Hayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Kawase
- Advanced Research Center, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Norio Tsubokawa
- Advanced Research Center, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
- Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
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24
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Farsijani NM, Liu Q, Kobayashi H, Davidoff O, Sha F, Fandrey J, Ikizler TA, O'Connor PM, Haase VH. Renal epithelium regulates erythropoiesis via HIF-dependent suppression of erythropoietin. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1425-37. [PMID: 26927670 DOI: 10.1172/jci74997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult kidney plays a central role in erythropoiesis and is the main source of erythropoietin (EPO), an oxygen-sensitive glycoprotein that is essential for red blood cell production. Decreases of renal pO2 promote hypoxia-inducible factor 2-mediated (HIF-2-mediated) induction of EPO in peritubular interstitial fibroblast-like cells, which serve as the cellular site of EPO synthesis in the kidney. It is not clear whether HIF signaling in other renal cell types also contributes to the regulation of EPO production. Here, we used a genetic approach in mice to investigate the role of renal epithelial HIF in erythropoiesis. Specifically, we found that HIF activation in the proximal nephron via induced inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor, which targets the HIF-α subunit for proteasomal degradation, led to rapid development of hypoproliferative anemia that was associated with a reduction in the number of EPO-producing renal interstitial cells. Moreover, suppression of renal EPO production was associated with increased glucose uptake, enhanced glycolysis, reduced mitochondrial mass, diminished O2 consumption, and elevated renal tissue pO2. Our genetic analysis suggests that tubulointerstitial cellular crosstalk modulates renal EPO production under conditions of epithelial HIF activation in the kidney.
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25
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Yu M, Zhou J, Du B, Ning X, Authement C, Gandee L, Kapur P, Hsieh JT, Zheng J. Noninvasive Staging of Kidney Dysfunction Enabled by Renal-Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2787-91. [PMID: 26800513 PMCID: PMC4834218 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As a "silent killer", kidney disease is often hardly detected at an early stage but can cause lethal kidney failure later on. Thus, a preclinical imaging technique that can readily differentiate between the stages of kidney dysfunction is highly desired for improving our fundamental understanding of kidney disease progression. Herein, we report that in vivo fluorescence imaging, enabled by renal-clearable near-infrared-emitting gold nanoparticles, can noninvasively detect kidney dysfunction, report on the dysfunctional stages, and even reveal adaptive function in a mouse model of unilateral obstructive nephropathy, which cannot be diagnosed with routine kidney function markers. These results demonstrate that low-cost fluorescence kidney functional imaging is highly sensitive and useful for the longitudinal, noninvasive monitoring of kidney dysfunction progression in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Bujie Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Xuhui Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Craig Authement
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Leah Gandee
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Yu M, Zhou J, Du B, Ning X, Authement C, Gandee L, Kapur P, Hsieh JT, Zheng J. Noninvasive Staging of Kidney Dysfunction Enabled by Renal-Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Dallas; 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- Department of Urology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Bujie Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Dallas; 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Xuhui Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Dallas; 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Craig Authement
- Department of Urology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Leah Gandee
- Department of Urology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Department of Urology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas TX 75390 USA
- Department of Pathology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Dallas; 800 W. Campbell Rd. Richardson TX 75080 USA
- Department of Urology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas TX 75390 USA
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Yu M, Liu J, Ning X, Zheng J. High-contrast Noninvasive Imaging of Kidney Clearance Kinetics Enabled by Renal Clearable Nanofluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15434-8. [PMID: 26510715 PMCID: PMC4715620 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive imaging of kidney clearance kinetics (KCK) of renal clearable probes is key to studying unilateral kidney function diseases, but such imaging is highly challenging to achieve with in vivo fluorescence. While this long-standing challenge is often attributed to the limited light penetration depth, we found that rapid and persistent accumulation of conventional dyes in the skin "shadowed" real fluorescence signals from the kidneys and prevented noninvasive imaging of KCK, which, however, can be addressed with renal clearable nanofluorophores. By integrating near infrared emission with efficient renal clearance and ultralow background interference, the nanofluorophores can increase kidney-contrast enhancement and imaging-time window by approximately 50- and 1000-fold over conventional dyes, and significantly minimize deviation between noninvasive and invasive KCK, laying down a foundation for translating in vivo fluorescence imaging in preclinical noninvasive kidney function assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Jinbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Xuhui Ning
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA).
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Yu M, Liu J, Ning X, Zheng J. High-contrast Noninvasive Imaging of Kidney Clearance Kinetics Enabled by Renal Clearable Nanofluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Al-Ani A, Al-Jalham K, Ibrahim T, Majzoub A, Al-Rayashi M, Hayati A, Mubarak W, Al-Rayahi J, Khairy AT. Factors determining renal impairment in unilateral ureteral colic secondary to calcular disease: a prospective study. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:1085-90. [PMID: 25924780 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-0986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate all possible risk factors that can cause impairment of overall renal function in patients with unilateral ureteral calculus and a normal contralateral kidney. METHODS This is a prospective study of 90 patients who presented to our institute complaining of renal colic secondary to unilateral ureteral calculus. All patients were evaluated with a thorough history, physical examination, and laboratory and radiological investigations including renal function testing, urine analysis, non-contrast computed topography, and radionucleotide scan. Patients were divided into two groups according to their calculated creatinine clearance using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Group I (favorable group) had a creatinine clearance >60 ml/min, while group II (unfavorable group) had a creatinine clearance <60 ml/min. RESULTS The patients' mean age ± SD was 38.8 ± 11.4 years. Group I included 54 patients (60 %), while group II included 36 patients (40 %). On univariate analysis, factors that were associated with overall renal function impairment were patients' age, urea-to-creatinine ratio (UCR), use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, stone location, and presence of obstruction. However, using binary logistic regression analysis, only patients' age, UCR, and presence of obstruction sustained statistical significance in association with renal function impairment. CONCLUSION The study of factors that help explain the presence of renal impairment in patients with unilateral ureteral calculus is important in the clinical setting. Patients' age, urea-to-creatinine ratio, and degree of obstruction seem to be significantly associated with overall renal function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Al-Ani
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Cai XR, Zhou QC, Yu J, Feng YZ, Xian ZH, Yang WC, Mo XK. Assessment of renal function in patients with unilateral ureteral obstruction using whole-organ perfusion imaging with 320-detector row computed tomography. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122454. [PMID: 25874690 PMCID: PMC4398441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructed nephropathy is a common complication of several disease processes. Accurate evaluation of the functional status of the obstructed kidney is important to achieve a good outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate renal cortical and medullary perfusion changes associated with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) using whole-organ perfusion imaging with 320-detector row computed tomography (CT). Methodology/Principle Findings Sixty-four patients with UUO underwent whole-organ CT perfusion imaging. Patients were divided into 3 groups, mild, moderate, and severe, based on hydronephrosis severity. Twenty sex- and age-matched patients without renal disease, who referred to abdominal CT, were chosen as control subjects. Mean cortical and medullary perfusion parameters of obstructed and contralateral kidneys were compared, and mean perfusion ratios between obstructed and contralateral kidneys were calculated and compared. Mean cortical or medullary blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV) of the obstructed kidneys in the moderate UUO and BF, BV, and clearance (CL) in the severe UUO were significantly lower than those of the contralateral kidneys (p < 0.05). The mean cortical or medullary BF of the obstructed kidney in the moderate UUO, and BF, BV, and CL in the severe UUO were significantly lower than those of the kidneys in control subjects (p < 0.05). Mean cortical or medullary BF of the non-obstructed kidneys in the severe UUO were statistically greater than that of normal kidneys in control subjects (p < 0.05). An inverse correlation was observed between cortical and medullary perfusion ratios and grades of hydronephosis (p < 0.01). Conclusions/Significance Perfusion measurements of the whole kidney can be obtained with 320-detector row CT, and estimated perfusion ratios have potential for quantitatively evaluating UUO renal injury grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ran Cai
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qing-Chun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Nanhua University, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - You-Zhen Feng
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Zhao-Hui Xian
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Wen-Cai Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Xu-Kai Mo
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
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Ivashchenko O, van der Have F, Goorden MC, Ramakers RM, Beekman FJ. Ultra-high-sensitivity submillimeter mouse SPECT. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:470-5. [PMID: 25678487 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.147140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED SPECT with submegabecquerel amounts of tracer or subsecond time resolution would enable a wide range of new imaging protocols such as screening tracers with initially low yield or labeling efficiency, imaging low receptor densities, or even performing SPECT outside regular radiation laboratories. To this end we developed dedicated ultra-high-sensitivity pinhole SPECT. METHODS A cylindric collimator with 54 focused 2.0-mm-diameter conical pinholes was manufactured and mounted in a stationary small-animal SPECT system. The system matrix for image reconstruction was calculated via a hybrid method based on both (99m)Tc point source measurements and ray-tracing analytic modeling. SPECT images were reconstructed using pixel-based ordered-subsets expectation maximization. Performance was evaluated with phantoms and low-dose bone, dynamic kidney, and cardiac mouse scans. RESULTS The peak sensitivity reached 1.3% (13,080 cps/MBq). The reconstructed spatial resolution (rod visibility in a micro-Jaszczak phantom) was 0.85 mm. Even with only a quarter megabecquerel of activity, 30-min bone SPECT scans provided surprisingly high levels of detail. Dynamic dual-isotope kidney and (99m)Tc-sestamibi cardiac scans were acquired with a time-frame resolution down to 1 s. CONCLUSION The high sensitivity achieved increases the range of mouse SPECT applications by enabling in vivo imaging with less than a megabecquerel of tracer activity or down to 1-s frame dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Ivashchenko
- Section of Radiation, Detection, and Medical Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands MILabs B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frans van der Have
- Section of Radiation, Detection, and Medical Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands MILabs B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies C Goorden
- Section of Radiation, Detection, and Medical Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud M Ramakers
- Section of Radiation, Detection, and Medical Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands MILabs B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J Beekman
- Section of Radiation, Detection, and Medical Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands MILabs B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Takahashi T, Harris RC. Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in diabetic nephropathy: lessons from diabetic eNOS knockout mice. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:590541. [PMID: 25371905 PMCID: PMC4211249 DOI: 10.1155/2014/590541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in many countries. The animal models that recapitulate human DN undoubtedly facilitate our understanding of this disease and promote the development of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic interventions. Based on the clinical evidence showing the association of eNOS dysfunction with advanced DN, we and others have created diabetic mice that lack eNOS expression and shown that eNOS-deficient diabetic mice exhibit advanced nephropathic changes with distinct features of progressive DN, including pronounced albuminuria, nodular glomerulosclerosis, mesangiolysis, and arteriolar hyalinosis. These studies clearly defined a critical role of eNOS in DN and developed a robust animal model of this disease, which enables us to study the pathogenic mechanisms of progressive DN. Further, recent studies with this animal model have explored the novel mechanisms by which eNOS deficiency causes advanced DN and provided many new insights into the pathogenesis of DN. Therefore, here we summarize the findings obtained with this animal model and discuss the roles of eNOS in DN, unresolved issues, and future investigations of this animal model study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, S-3223, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- *Takamune Takahashi:
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, S-3223, Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Lange C, Apostolova I, Lukas M, Huang KP, Hofheinz F, Gregor-Mamoudou B, Brenner W, Buchert R. Performance evaluation of stationary and semi-stationary acquisition with a non-stationary small animal multi-pinhole SPECT system. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 16:311-6. [PMID: 24214814 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Step-and-shoot mode with many angular steps results in long frame duration limiting the capability of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for fast dynamic scans. The present study evaluates acquisition with reduced angular sampling for fast imaging in preclinical research with the nanoSPECT/CTplus four-head multi-pinhole system. PROCEDURES Measurements with line sources, homogeneity phantoms and a Jaszczak phantom filled with (99m)Tc or (123)I were performed to evaluate the 'stationary' and 'semi-stationary' acquisition mode (one or two detector positions, respectively) with respect to spatial resolution, quantification, noise properties and image artefacts. An in vivo mouse study was performed with (99m)Tc-MAG3. RESULTS The fast acquisition modes resulted in only minor degradation of spatial resolution and quantification accuracy. Statistical noise in reconstructed images was significantly reduced compared to conventional SPECT, particularly at low count statistics. Stationary acquisition resulted in streak artefacts and spatial distortion. CONCLUSIONS The semi-stationary acquisition mode of the nanoSPECT/CTplus allows fast dynamic SPECT with tolerable loss of image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Lange
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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