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Gams Massi D, Niakam Mbouleup FT, Dissongo JI, Mapoure YN. Epidemiology, clinical features and outcome of stroke in rural versus urban hospitals in Cameroon. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107580. [PMID: 38325033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke is a major public health problem worldwide with disparities between urban and rural areas. The aim of this study was to compare the epidemiological, clinical features and outcomes of stroke between rural and urban hospitals in Cameroon. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the Douala General Hospital (urban) and Ad Lucem Hospital of Banka (rural) from January 1st, 2014, to December 31st, 2019. The medical records of all patients admitted for stroke, and meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Diagnosis of stroke was based on brain imaging and/or the World Health Organization definition. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS Among the 15277 files reviewed, 752 were included with 623 cases (82.80%) in urban areas. The percentage of patients hospitalized for stroke were 9.06% and 2.85% in urban and rural hospitals respectively. The frequency of patients admitted for severe stroke (Glasgow coma scale ≤ 8) was higher in the rural hospital (p = 0.004). In-hospital mortality (p = 0.010), cumulative mortality at one-month (p = 0.018), poor functional recovery (p = 0.002), one-year stroke recurrence (p = 0.020) were significantly higher in rural setting. Undefined stroke was predictor of mortality in the rural hospital, while hemorrhagic stroke was predictor of mortality at one-month in the urban hospital. CONCLUSIONS Stroke cases were significantly more severe with poor outcomes in the rural hospital. Efforts are needed to improve prevention, and access to stroke care for communities, especially in rural setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gams Massi
- Douala General Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, PO Box: 4856, Douala, Cameroon.
| | | | - Jean Ii Dissongo
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon
| | - Yacouba Njankouo Mapoure
- Douala General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon
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Scott CA, Li L, Rothwell PM. Diverging Temporal Trends in Stroke Incidence in Younger vs Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:1036-1048. [PMID: 35943738 PMCID: PMC9364236 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Importance Overall stroke incidence is falling in high-income countries, but data on time trends in incidence of young stroke (ie, stroke in individuals younger than 55 years) are conflicting. An age-specific divergence in incidence, with less favorable trends at younger vs older ages, might be a more consistent underlying finding across studies. Objective To compare temporal trends in incidence of stroke at younger vs older ages in high-income countries. Data Sources PubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to February 2022. One additional population-based study (Oxford Vascular Study) was also included. Study Selection Studies reporting age-specific stroke incidence in high-income countries at more than 1 time point. Data Extraction and Synthesis For all retrieved studies, 2 authors independently reviewed the full text against the inclusion criteria to establish their eligibility. Meta-analysis was performed with the inverse variance-weighted random-effects model. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was age-specific divergence (<55 vs ≥55 years) in temporal trends in stroke incidence (relative temporal rate ratio [RTTR]) in studies extending to at least 2000. RTTRs were calculated for each study and pooled by random-effects meta-analysis, with stratification by administrative vs prospective population-based methodology, sex, stroke subtype (ischemic vs intracerebral hemorrhage vs subarachnoid hemorrhage) and geographical region. Results Among 50 studies in 20 countries, 26 (13 prospective population-based and 13 administrative studies) reported data allowing calculation of the RTTR for stroke incidence at younger vs older ages across 2 or more periods, the latest extending beyond 2000. Reported trends in absolute incidence of young individuals with stroke were heterogeneous, but all studies showed a less favorable trend in incidence at younger vs older ages (pooled RTTR = 1.57 [95% CI, 1.42-1.74]). The overall RTTR was consistent by stroke subtype (ischemic, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.44-1.83]; intracerebral hemorrhage, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.91-1.92]; subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.00-2.35]); and by sex (men, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.34-1.60]; women, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.28-1.55]) but was greater in studies reporting trends solely after 2000 (1.51 [95% CI, 1.30-1.70]) vs solely before (1.18 [95% CI, 1.12-1.24]) and was highest in population-based studies in which the most recent reported period of ascertainment started after 2010 (1.87 [95% CI, 1.55-2.27]). Conclusions and Relevance Temporal trends in stroke incidence are diverging by age in high-income countries, with less favorable trends at younger vs older ages, highlighting the urgent need to better understand etiology and prevention of stroke at younger ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Scott
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Linxin Li
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Rothwell
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Zarifkar P, Peinkhofer C, Benros ME, Kondziella D. Frequency of Neurological Diseases After COVID-19, Influenza A/B and Bacterial Pneumonia. Front Neurol 2022; 13:904796. [PMID: 35812108 PMCID: PMC9259944 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.904796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionCOVID-19 might affect the incidence of specific neurological diseases, but it is unknown if this differs from the risk following other infections. Here, we characterized the frequency of neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, and immune-mediated neurological diseases after COVID-19 compared to individuals without COVID-19 and those with other respiratory tract infections.MethodsThis population-based cohort study utilized electronic health records covering ~50% of Denmark's population (n = 2,972,192). Between 02/2020 and 11/2021, we included individuals tested for COVID-19 or diagnosed with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in hospital-based facilities. Additionally, we included individuals tested for influenza in the corresponding pre-pandemic period between 02/ 2018 and 11/2019. We stratified cohorts for in- and outpatient status, age, sex, and comorbidities.ResultsIn total, 919,731 individuals were tested for COVID-19, of whom 43,375 tested positive (35,362 outpatients, 8,013 inpatients). Compared to COVID-negative outpatients, COVID-19 positive outpatients had an increased RR of Alzheimer's disease (RR = 3.5; 95%CI: 2.2–5.5) and Parkinson's disease (RR = 2.6; 95%CI: 1.7–4.0), ischemic stroke (RR = 2.7; 95%CI: 2.3–3.2) and intracerebral hemorrhage (RR = 4.8; 95%CI: 1.8–12.9). However, when comparing to other respiratory tract infections, only the RR for ischemic stroke was increased among inpatients with COVID-19 when comparing to inpatients with influenza (RR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2–2.4) and only for those >80 years of age when comparing to inpatients with bacterial pneumonia (RR = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.2–6.2). Frequencies of multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and narcolepsy did not differ after COVID-19, influenza and bacterial pneumonia.ConclusionThe risk of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular, but not neuroimmune, disorders was increased among COVID-19 positive outpatients compared to COVID-negative outpatients. However, except for ischemic stroke, most neurological disorders were not more frequent after COVID-19 than after other respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Zarifkar
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Costanza Peinkhofer
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael E. Benros
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health–CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Michael E. Benros
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Daniel Kondziella
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Gender differences in time to first hospital admission at age 60 in Denmark, 1995-2014. Eur J Ageing 2021; 18:443-451. [PMID: 34786008 PMCID: PMC8563932 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Women have consistently lower mortality rates than men at all ages and with respect to most causes. However, gender differences regarding hospital admission rates are more mixed, varying across ages and causes. A number of intuitive metrics have previously been used to explore changes in hospital admissions over time, but have not explicitly quantified the gender gap or estimated the cumulative contribution from cause-specific admission rates. Using register data for the total Danish population between 1995 and 2014, we estimated the time to first hospital admission for Danish men and women aged 60. This is an intuitive population-level metric with the same interpretive and mathematical properties as period life expectancy. Using a decomposition approach, we were able to quantify the cumulative contributions from eight causes of hospital admission to the gender gap in time to first hospital admission. Between 1995 and 2014, time to first admission increased for both, men (7.6 to 9.4 years) and women (8.3 to 10.3 years). However, the magnitude of gender differences in time to first admission remained relatively stable within this time period (0.7 years in 1995, 0.9 years in 2014). After age 60, Danish men had consistently higher rates of admission for cardiovascular conditions and neoplasms, but lower rates of admission for injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, and sex-specific causes. Although admission rates for both genders have generally declined over the last decades, the same major causes of admission accounted for the gender gap. Persistent gender differences in causes of admission are, therefore, important to consider when planning the delivery of health care in times of population ageing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-021-00614-w.
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Kamil S, Sehested T, Houlind K, Lassen J, Gislason G, Dominguez H. Time trends in the risk of atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke in patients with peripheral artery disease between 1997 and 2015. Open Heart 2020; 7:openhrt-2019-001185. [PMID: 32354739 PMCID: PMC7228658 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an important issue that has not been investigated adequately. Our aim with the present study was to explore trends in the incidence of AF and stroke in patients with PAD. Methods We employed Danish nationwide registers to identify all patients with first-time diagnosis of PAD (aged ≥18 years) between 1997 and 2015. Age-standardised incidence rates per 1 000 person-years were calculated to estimate trends of AF and stroke. Risk of AF and stroke was estimated by 1 year cumulative incidence. Results A total of 121.241 patients with first-time diagnosis of PAD were identified. The 1-year cumulative incidence of AF in patients with PAD were 1.97% for year 1997–2000, 2.63% for year 2001–2005, 2.66% for year 2006–2010 and 2.78% for year 2011–2015, respectively. The 1-year cumulative incidence of stroke in patients with PAD were 2.71%, 2.71%, 1.95% and 1.81%, for the 1997–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010 and 2011–2015 year groups, respectively. Likewise, the age-standardised incidence rates showed increasing trends of AF during the study period, whereas trends of stroke demonstrated a decline. During study, the initiation of cholesterol-lowering agents and clopidogrel increased markedly from 7.0% to 51.3% and 0.1% to 5.9%, whereas use of warfarin slightly dropped from 4.29% to 3.21%. Conclusions The incidence of AF in patients with PAD has significantly increased over time, whereas a marked decline has occurred in the incidence of stroke. This may suggest that the secondary prevention strategies aimed at reducing risk of stroke are broadly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Kamil
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark .,Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Sehested
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Houlind
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.,The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yafasova A, Fosbøl EL, Christiansen MN, Vinding NE, Andersson C, Kruuse C, Johnsen SP, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C, Køber L, Butt JH. Time trends in incidence, comorbidity, and mortality of ischemic stroke in Denmark (1996–2016). Neurology 2020; 95:e2343-e2353. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo examine whether the incidence, comorbidity, and mortality of first-time ischemic stroke changed in Denmark between 1996 and 2016 overall and according to age and sex using a nationwide cohort design.MethodsIn this cohort study, 224,617 individuals ≥18 years of age admitted with first-time ischemic stroke between 1996 and 2016 were identified through Danish nationwide registries. We calculated annual age-standardized incidence rates and absolute 30-day and 1-year mortality risks. Furthermore, we calculated annual incidence rate ratios using Poisson regression, odds ratios for 30-day mortality using logistic regression, and hazard ratios for 1-year mortality using Cox regression.ResultsThe overall age-standardized incidence rates of ischemic stroke per 1,000 person-years increased from 1996 (2.70 [95% confidence interval [CI] 2.65–2.76]) to 2002 (3.25 [95% CI 3.20–3.31]) and then gradually decreased to below the initial level until 2016 (1.99 [95% CI 1.95–2.02]). Men had higher incidence rates than women in all age groups except 18 to 34 and ≥85 years. Absolute mortality risk decreased between 1996 and 2016 (30-day mortality from 17.1% to 7.6% and 1-year mortality from 30.9% to 17.3%). Women between 55 and 64 and ≥85 years of age had higher mortality than men. Similar trends were observed for all analyses after multivariable adjustment. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and use of lipid-lowering medication increased during the study period.ConclusionsThe age-standardized incidence of first-time hospitalization for ischemic stroke increased from 1996 to 2002 and then gradually decreased to below the initial level until 2016. Absolute 30-day and 1-year mortality risks decreased between 1996 and 2016. These findings correspond to increased stroke prevention awareness and introduction of new treatments during the study period.
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7
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Winther-Jensen M, Christiansen MN, Hassager C, Køber L, Torp-Pedersen C, Hansen SM, Lippert F, Christensen EF, Kjaergaard J, Andersson C. Age-specific trends in incidence and survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from presumed cardiac cause in Denmark 2002-2014. Resuscitation 2020; 152:77-85. [PMID: 32417269 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The general cardiovascular health has improved throughout the last few decades for middle-aged and older individuals, but the incidence of several cardiovascular diseases is reported to increase in younger people. We aimed to assess the age-specific incidence and mortality rates associated with out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest (OHCA) between 2002 and 2014. METHODS We used the Danish Cardiac Arrest Register to identify patients with OHCA of presumed cardiac etiology. We calculated the annual incidence rates (IR) and 30-day mortality rates (MR) in 7 age groups (18-34 years, 35-44 years, 45-54 years, 55-64 years, 65-74 years, 75-84 years and ≥85 years, and ≤50 vs. >50 years). RESULTS Between 2002 and 2014, IR of OHCA decreased in individuals aged 65-74 and 75-84 years (158.08 to 111.2 and 237.5 to 217.09 per 100,000 person-years) and increased in the oldest from 201.01 to 325.4 pr. 100.000 person-years. In 18-34-years incidence of OHCA increased from 1.7 to 2.6 per 100.000 person-years. When stratifying into age ≤50 vs. >50 years, the IR deviated in those >50 years (from 117.8 in 2002 to 91 in 2008 to 117.4 in 2014100,000 person-years). The prevalence of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure prior to OHCA increased in the younger patient group in contrast to the older segment (AMI: ≤50 years: 10% to 16%, vs. >50 years: 25% to 23%, heart failure: ≤50 years 6% to 14%, vs. >50 years: 21% to 24%). CONCLUSION Over the last decades, incidence rates of OHCA decreased in individuals aged 65-84, but increased in individuals older than 85. An increase was also observed in younger individuals, potentially indicating a need for better cardiovascular disease prevention in younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Winther-Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Mia Nielsen Christiansen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Forskningens Hus, Sdr. Skovvej 15, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Steen Møller Hansen
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, Forskningens Hus, Sdr. Skovvej 15, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Freddy Lippert
- Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erika Frischknecht Christensen
- Center for Prehospital and Emergency Research, Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University, Clinic for Internal and Emergency Medicine Aalborg University Hospital, and EMS North Denmark Region, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjaergaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Andersson
- Department of Cardiology, The Cardiovascular Research Centre, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Boston Medical Center, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
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Petersen PB, Kehlet H, Jørgensen CC, Hansen TB, Husted H, Laursen MB, Hansen LT, Kjærsgaard-Andersen P, Solgaard S, Krarup NH. Incidence and Risk Factors for Stroke in Fast-Track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty-A Clinical Registry Study of 24,862 Procedures. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:743-749.e2. [PMID: 30665835 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative stroke is a severe complication with a reported 30-day incidence of 0.4%-0.6% after total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, most data are based on diagnostic codes and with limited details on perioperative care, including the use of fast-track protocols. We investigated the incidence of and preoperative and postoperative factors for stroke after fast-track THA/TKA. METHODS We used an observational study design of elective fast-track THA/TKA patients with prospective collection of comorbidity and complete 90-day follow-up. Medical records were evaluated for events potentially disposing to stroke. Identification of relevant preoperative risk factors was done by multivariable logistic regression. Incidence of stroke was compared with a Danish background population. RESULTS Of 24,862 procedures with a median length of stay of 2 (interquartile range, 2-3) days, we found 27 (0.11%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08%-0.16%) and 43 strokes (0.17%, 95% CI, 0.13%-0.23%) ≤30 and ≤90 days after surgery, respectively. Preoperative risk factors for stroke ≤30 days were age ≥ 85 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.3; 95% CI, 1.1-16.3) and anticoagulant treatment (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2-7.9). Preoperative anemia was near significant (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.98-4.6, P = .055). Eight strokes ≤30 days were preceded by a cardiovascular event within the second postoperative day. Incidence of stroke after postoperative day 30 was similar to a Danish background population. CONCLUSION Risk of postoperative stroke in fast-track THA and TKA was low but may be further reduced with increased focus on avoiding perioperative cardiovascular events and in patients with preoperative anticoagulants or anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelle B Petersen
- Section for Surgical Pathophysiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Kehlet
- Section for Surgical Pathophysiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Center for Fast-Track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer C Jørgensen
- Section for Surgical Pathophysiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Center for Fast-Track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Koton S, Geva D, Streifler JY, Harnof S, Pougach Y, Azrilin O, Hadar S, Bornstein NM, Tanne D. Declining Rate and Severity of Hospitalized Stroke From 2004 to 2013: The National Acute Stroke Israeli Registry. Stroke 2018; 49:1348-1354. [PMID: 29720441 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and disability. We assessed trends in rates of hospitalized stroke and stroke severity on admission in a prospective national registry of stroke from 2004 to 2013. METHODS All 6693 acute ischemic strokes and intracerebral hemorrhage in the National Acute Stroke Israeli participants ≥20 years old were included. Data were prospectively collected in 2004 (February-March), 2007 (March-April), 2010 (April-May), and 2013 (March-April). Rates of hospitalized stroke from 2004 to 2013 were studied using generalized linear models assuming a quasi-Poisson error distribution with a log link. Stroke severity on admission was determined using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and trends were studied. Analysis was performed for stroke overall and by sex and age-group as well as by stroke type. RESULTS Estimated average annual rates of hospitalized stroke decreased from 24.9/10 000 in 2004 to 19.5/10 000 in 2013. The age and sex-adjusted rates ratio (95% confidence interval) for hospitalized stroke overall was 0.82 (0.76-0.89) for 2007, 0.71 (0.65-0.77) for 2010, and 0.72 (0.66-0.78) for 2013 compared with 2004. Severity on admission decreased over time: rates (95% confidence interval) of severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥11) decreased from 27% (25%-29%) in 2004 to 19% (17%-21%) in 2013, whereas rates (95% confidence interval) of minor stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≤5) increased from 46% (44%-49%) in 2004 to 60% (57%-62%) in 2013 (P<0.0001). Findings were consistent by sex, age-group, and stroke type. CONCLUSIONS Based on our national data, rates of hospitalized stroke and severity of stroke on admission have decreased from 2004 to 2013 overall and by stroke type, in men and women. Despite the observed declines in rates and severity, stroke continues to place a considerable burden to the Israeli health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Koton
- From the Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions (S.K.) .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine (S.K., J.Y.S., N.M.B., D.T.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Diklah Geva
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel (D.G., D.T.)
| | - Jonathan Y Streifler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine (S.K., J.Y.S., N.M.B., D.T.), Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Neurology Unit (J.Y.S.)
| | - Sagi Harnof
- Department of Neurosurgery (S. Harnof), Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Natan M Bornstein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine (S.K., J.Y.S., N.M.B., D.T.), Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (N.M.B)
| | - David Tanne
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine (S.K., J.Y.S., N.M.B., D.T.), Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel (D.G., D.T.)
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10
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Corraini P, Szépligeti SK, Henderson VW, Ording AG, Horváth-Puhó E, Sørensen HT. Comorbidity and the increased mortality after hospitalization for stroke: a population-based cohort study. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:242-252. [PMID: 29171148 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Comorbidity is prevalent in the stroke population and affects post-stroke survival. A stroke patient cohort (n = 201 691) and a general population cohort were followed for survival. Cancer and advanced renal/liver disease substantially increased one-year stroke mortality. Tailoring stroke interventions according to comorbidity may reduce excess mortality. SUMMARY Background Comorbidity is prevalent among stroke patients, affecting post-stroke survival. It remains unknown whether comorbidity impacts post-stroke mortality beyond the combined individual effects of stroke and comorbidity. Methods Using nationwide Danish databases, we performed a cohort study of 201 691 patients ≥ 18 years old with incident ischemic stroke, intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage, or unspecified stroke during 1995-2012, and 992 942 adults from the general population, matched to stroke patients by birth year, sex and individual comorbidities in the Charlson Comorbidity Index. During up to 5 years of follow-up, we computed standardized mortality rates (SMRs) to assess interaction contrasts as a measure of excess mortality not explained by the additive effects of stroke and comorbidity acting alone. Results Five-year post-stroke mortality was 48%, corresponding to an SMR of 187 deaths per 1000 person-years. During the 30-day peak post-stroke mortality (SMR, 180 per 1000 person-months), interaction with comorbidity represented 23%, 34% and 51% of post-stroke mortality rates among patients with low (score = 1), moderate (score = 2-3) and high (score = 4+) comorbidity based on Charlson Comorbidity Index scores. The interaction accounted for 5% to 32% of subsequent 31-365-day post-stroke mortality rates, depending on comorbidity level. The interaction contrasts were most notable among comorbid patients with cancer, particularly with hematological or metastatic disease, followed by patients with moderate-to-severe liver or renal disease. Conclusion Comorbidity, notably cancer and advanced renal or liver disease, increased 1-year mortality after stroke beyond the combined effects expected from either disease acting alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Corraini
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S K Szépligeti
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - V W Henderson
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A G Ording
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E Horváth-Puhó
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - H T Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Gjærde LK, Gamborg M, Ängquist L, Truelsen TC, Sørensen TIA, Baker JL. Association of Childhood Body Mass Index and Change in Body Mass Index With First Adult Ischemic Stroke. JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:1312-1318. [PMID: 28828465 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance The incidence of ischemic stroke among young adults is rising and is potentially due to an increase in stroke risk factors occurring at younger ages, such as obesity. Objectives To investigate whether childhood body mass index (BMI) and change in BMI are associated with adult ischemic stroke and to assess whether the associations are age dependent or influenced by birth weight. Design, Setting, and Participants This investigation was a population-based cohort study of schoolchildren born from 1930 to 1987, with follow-up through national health registers from 1977 to 2012 in Denmark. Participants were 307 677 individuals (8899 ischemic stroke cases) with measured weight and height at ages 7 to 13 years. The dates of the analysis were September 1, 2015, to May 27, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Childhood BMI, change in BMI, and birth weight. Ischemic stroke events were divided into early (≤55 years) or late (>55 years) age at diagnosis. Results The study cohort comprised 307 677 participants (approximately 49% female and 51% male). During the study period, 3529 women and 5370 men experienced an ischemic stroke. At all ages from 7 to 13 years, an above-average BMI z score was positively associated with early ischemic stroke. At age 13 years, a BMI z score of 1 was associated with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.11-1.43) in women and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.10-1.33) in men. No significant associations were found for below-average BMI z scores. Among children with above-average BMI z scores at age 7 years, a score increase of 0.5 from ages 7 to 13 years was positively associated with early ischemic stroke in women (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01-1.20) and in men (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00-1.16). Similarly, among children with below-average BMI z scores at age 7 years, a score increase of 0.5 from ages 7 to 13 years was positively associated with early ischemic stroke in women (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23) and in men (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.18). Adjusting for birth weight minimally affected the associations. Conclusions and Relevance Independent of birth weight, above-average childhood BMI and increases in BMI during childhood are positively associated with early adult ischemic stroke. To avoid the occurrence of early ischemic stroke associated with childhood overweight and obesity, these results suggest that all children should be helped to attain and maintain healthy weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line K Gjærde
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Gamborg
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer L Baker
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of stroke is expected to increase partly because of prolonged life expectancy in the general population. The objective of this study was to investigate trends in the prevalence of patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke (IS) in Sweden from 1995-2010. METHODS The Swedish inpatient and cause-specific death registries were used to estimate the absolute numbers and prevalence of patients who were hospitalized with and survived an IS from 1995-2010. RESULTS The overall number of IS increased from 129,418 in 1995 to 148,778 in 2010. In 1995, the prevalence of IS was 189 patients per 10,000 population. An increase in overall prevalence was observed until 2000, and then it remained stable, followed by a decline with an annual percentage change of (APC) -0.8% (95% CI -1.0 to 0.6) and with a final prevalence of 199 patients per 10,000 population in 2010. The prevalence of IS in people aged <45 years increased from 6.4 in 1995 to 7.6 patients per 10,000 population in 2010, with an APC of 2.1% (95% CI 0.9 to 3.4) from 1995-1998 and 0.7% (95% CI 0.6-0.9) from 1998-2010. Among those aged 45-54 years, the prevalence rose through the mid to late 1990s, followed by a slight decrease (APC: -0.7%, 95% CI-1.1 to -0.4) until 2006 and then remained stable with a prevalence of 43.8 patients per 10,000 population in 2010. Among ≥85 years, there was a minor decrease (APC: -0.3%, 95% CI -0.5 to -0.1) in overall prevalence after 2002 from 1481 to 1453 patients per 10,000 population in 2010. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of IS increased until 2000, but then remained stable followed by a slight decline. However, the prevalence of IS in the young increased through the study period. The absolute number of IS survivors has markedly increased, mainly because of demographic changes.
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Masuda K, Ishizu T, Niwa K, Takechi F, Tateno S, Horigome H, Aonuma K. Increased risk of thromboembolic events in adult congenital heart disease patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Int J Cardiol 2017; 234:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Corraini P, Henderson VW, Ording AG, Pedersen L, Horváth-Puhó E, Sørensen HT. Long-Term Risk of Dementia Among Survivors of Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke. Stroke 2016; 48:180-186. [PMID: 27899749 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke is a risk factor for dementia, but the risk of dementia after different stroke types is poorly understood. We examined the long-term risk of dementia among survivors of any first-time stroke and of first-time ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS We conducted a 30-year nationwide population-based cohort study using data from Danish medical databases (1982-2013) covering all Danish hospitals. We identified 84 220 ischemic stroke survivors, 16 723 intracerebral hemorrhage survivors, 9872 subarachnoid hemorrhage survivors, and 104 303 survivors of unspecified stroke types. Patients were aged ≥18 years and survived for at least 3 months after diagnosis. We formed a comparison cohort from the general population (1 075 588 patients without stroke, matched to stroke patients by age and sex). We computed absolute risks and hazard ratios of dementia up to 30 years after stroke. RESULTS The 30-year absolute risk of dementia among stroke survivors was 11.5% (95% confidence interval, 11.2%-11.7%). Compared with the general population, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for dementia among stroke survivors was 1.80 (1.77-1.84) after any stroke, 1.72 (1.66-1.77) after ischemic stroke, 2.70 (2.53-2.89) after intracerebral hemorrhage, and 2.74 (2.45-3.06) after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Younger patients regardless of stroke type faced higher risks of poststroke dementia than older patients. The pattern of hazard ratios by stroke type did not change during follow-up and was not altered appreciably by age, sex, or preexisting diagnoses of vascular conditions. CONCLUSIONS Stroke increases dementia risk. Survivors of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage are at particularly high long-term risk of poststroke dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Corraini
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (P.C., V.W.H., A.G.O., L.P., E.H.-P., H.T.S.); and Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA (V.W.H., H.T.S.).
| | - Victor W Henderson
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (P.C., V.W.H., A.G.O., L.P., E.H.-P., H.T.S.); and Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA (V.W.H., H.T.S.)
| | - Anne G Ording
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (P.C., V.W.H., A.G.O., L.P., E.H.-P., H.T.S.); and Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA (V.W.H., H.T.S.)
| | - Lars Pedersen
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (P.C., V.W.H., A.G.O., L.P., E.H.-P., H.T.S.); and Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA (V.W.H., H.T.S.)
| | - Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (P.C., V.W.H., A.G.O., L.P., E.H.-P., H.T.S.); and Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA (V.W.H., H.T.S.)
| | - Henrik T Sørensen
- From the Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (P.C., V.W.H., A.G.O., L.P., E.H.-P., H.T.S.); and Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, CA (V.W.H., H.T.S.)
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Thrift AG, Thayabaranathan T, Howard G, Howard VJ, Rothwell PM, Feigin VL, Norrving B, Donnan GA, Cadilhac DA. Global stroke statistics. Int J Stroke 2016; 12:13-32. [PMID: 27794138 DOI: 10.1177/1747493016676285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Up to date data on incidence, mortality, and case-fatality for stroke are important for setting the agenda for prevention and healthcare. Aims and/or hypothesis We aim to update the most current incidence and mortality data on stroke available by country, and to expand the scope to case-fatality and explore how registry data might be complementary. Methods Data were compiled using two approaches: (1) an updated literature review building from our previous review and (2) direct acquisition and analysis of stroke events in the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database for each country providing these data. To assess new and/or updated data on incidence, we searched multiple databases to identify new original papers and review articles that met ideal criteria for stroke incidence studies and were published between 15 May 2013 and 31 May 2016. For data on case-fatality, we searched between 1980 and 31 May 2016. We further screened reference lists and citation history of papers to identify other studies not obtained from these sources. Mortality codes for ICD-8, ICD-9, and ICD-10 were extracted. Using population denominators provided for each country, we calculated both the crude mortality from stroke and mortality adjusted to the WHO world population. We used only the most recent year reported to the WHO for which both population and mortality data were available. Results Fifty-one countries had data on stroke incidence, some with data over many time periods, and some with data in more than one region. Since our last review, there were new incidence studies from 12 countries, with four meeting pre-determined quality criteria. In these four studies, the incidence of stroke, adjusted to the WHO World standard population, ranged from 76 per 100,000 population per year in Australia (2009-10) up to 119 per 100,000 population per year in New Zealand (2011-12), with the latter being in those aged at least 15 years. Only in Martinique (2011-12) was the incidence of stroke greater in women than men. In countries either lacking or with old data on stroke incidence, eight had national clinical registries of hospital based data. Of the 128 countries reporting mortality data to the WHO, crude mortality was greatest in Kazhakstan (in 2003), Bulgaria, and Greece. Crude mortality and crude incidence of stroke were both positively correlated with the proportion of the population aged ≥ 65 years, but not with time. Data on case-fatality were available in 42 studies in 22 countries, with large variations between regions. Conclusions In this updated review, we describe the current data on stroke incidence, case-fatality and mortality in different countries, and highlight the growing trend for national clinical registries to provide estimates in lieu of community-based incidence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Thrift
- 1 Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Tharshanah Thayabaranathan
- 1 Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - George Howard
- 2 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- 4 Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Clinical Neurology), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valery L Feigin
- 5 National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bo Norrving
- 6 Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey A Donnan
- 7 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,8 Neurology Department, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dominique A Cadilhac
- 1 Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,7 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Australia
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Liu L, Yang X, Long Y, Mallhi AK, Mehta K, Veznedaroglu E, Yin X. Changes in the prevalence of hospitalization and comorbidity in US adults with stroke: A three decade cross-sectional and birth cohort analysis. Int J Stroke 2016; 11:987-998. [PMID: 27412189 DOI: 10.1177/1747493016660107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little attention was paid to the transition of care for stroke that may partially explain the long-term trend of stroke rates. We aimed to test the trend of hospitalization attributable to stroke in US adults. METHODS Data from National Hospital Discharge Surveys 1980-2010 in patients aged ≥18 (n = 6,527,304) were analyzed to examine the trend of patients with first-list diagnoses of stroke. Stroke comorbidities were classified in stroke patients with second- to seven-listed diagnoses of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmias, or hyperlipidemia. Stroke trends by survey years and birth cohorts were analyzed using univariate, multivariate, and birth cohorts methods. RESULTS Of the total study sample, the prevalence of hospitalization due to stroke was 22.99%, 30.00%, and 27.03% in years of 1980-1989, 1990-1999, and 2000-2010 in males, and 17.30%, 22.04%, and 19.34% in females, respectively. Overall, hospitalization rates in stroke patients significantly increased among adults aged <65, and decreased in adults aged ≥65. There was an increase in stroke hospitalization rate in the old adults aged ≥65 in recent birth cohorts. Significant increased trends of comorbid hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmias, and hyperlipidemia were observed from 1980 to 2010. CONCLUSION A significant increase in stroke hospitalization rate was observed in adults aged <65 in the past three decades, and in old adults in recent years. Increases in stroke comorbidity rates were observed in all age groups. Findings from the study highlight that both public health and clinical practices face a serious challenge in controlling this unwelcome increased stroke trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yong Long
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Arshpreet Kaur Mallhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kathan Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Erol Veznedaroglu
- Drexel Neurosciences Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Tibæk M, Dehlendorff C, Jørgensen HS, Forchhammer HB, Johnsen SP, Kammersgaard LP. Increasing Incidence of Hospitalization for Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Young Adults: A Registry-Based Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.003158. [PMID: 27169547 PMCID: PMC4889186 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies have reported increasing incidence of ischemic stroke in adults younger than 50 to 55 years. Information on temporal trends of other stroke subtypes and transient ischemic attack (TIA) is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal trends of the incidence of hospitalizations for TIA and stroke including sex‐ and subtype‐specific trends in young adults aged 15 to 30 years. Methods and Results From the Danish National Patient Register, we identified all cases of first‐ever stroke and TIA (age 15–30 years) in Denmark, who were hospitalized during the study period of 1994 to 2012. Incidence rates and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were estimated by using Poisson regression. During the study period, 4156 cases of first‐ever hospitalization for stroke/TIA were identified. The age‐standardized incidence rates of hospitalizations for stroke increased significantly (EAPC 1.83% [95% CI 1.11–2.55%]) from 11.97/100 000 person‐years (PY) in 1994 to 16.77/100 000 PY in 2012. TIA hospitalizations increased from 1.93/100 000 PY in 1994 to 5.81/100 000 PY in 2012 and after 2006 more markedly in men than in women (EAPC 16.61% [95% CI 10.45–23.12%]). The incidence of hospitalizations for ischemic stroke was markedly lower among men, but increased significantly from 2006 (EAPC 14.60% [95% CI 6.22–23.63%]). The incidences of hospitalizations for intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage remained stable during the study period. Conclusions The incidence rates of first‐time hospitalizations for ischemic stroke and TIA in young Danish adults have increased substantially since the mid 1990s. The increase was particularly prominent in the most recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiken Tibæk
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Statistics, Bioinformatics and Registry, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik S Jørgensen
- Research Unit on Brain Injury Rehabilitation Copenhagen (RUBRIC), TBI Unit, Department of Neurorehabilitation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Søren P Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars P Kammersgaard
- Research Unit on Brain Injury Rehabilitation Copenhagen (RUBRIC), TBI Unit, Department of Neurorehabilitation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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McCormick N, Bhole V, Lacaille D, Avina-Zubieta JA. Validity of Diagnostic Codes for Acute Stroke in Administrative Databases: A Systematic Review. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135834. [PMID: 26292280 PMCID: PMC4546158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of studies reporting on the validity of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for identifying stroke in administrative data. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched (inception to February 2015) for studies: (a) Using administrative data to identify stroke; or (b) Evaluating the validity of stroke codes in administrative data; and (c) Reporting validation statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), or Kappa scores) for stroke, or data sufficient for their calculation. Additional articles were located by hand search (up to February 2015) of original papers. Studies solely evaluating codes for transient ischaemic attack were excluded. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers; article quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. RESULTS Seventy-seven studies published from 1976-2015 were included. The sensitivity of ICD-9 430-438/ICD-10 I60-I69 for any cerebrovascular disease was ≥ 82% in most [≥ 50%] studies, and specificity and NPV were both ≥ 95%. The PPV of these codes for any cerebrovascular disease was ≥ 81% in most studies, while the PPV specifically for acute stroke was ≤ 68%. In at least 50% of studies, PPVs were ≥ 93% for subarachnoid haemorrhage (ICD-9 430/ICD-10 I60), 89% for intracerebral haemorrhage (ICD-9 431/ICD-10 I61), and 82% for ischaemic stroke (ICD-9 434/ICD-10 I63 or ICD-9 434&436). For in-hospital deaths, sensitivity was 55%. For cerebrovascular disease or acute stroke as a cause-of-death on death certificates, sensitivity was ≤ 71% in most studies while PPV was ≥ 87%. CONCLUSIONS While most cases of prevalent cerebrovascular disease can be detected using 430-438/I60-I69 collectively, acute stroke must be defined using more specific codes. Most in-hospital deaths and death certificates with stroke as a cause-of-death correspond to true stroke deaths. Linking vital statistics and hospitalization data may improve the ascertainment of fatal stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie McCormick
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vidula Bhole
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diane Lacaille
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Cardiovascular Committee of the CANRAD Network, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J. Antonio Avina-Zubieta
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Cardiovascular Committee of the CANRAD Network, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
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