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Ghosh A, Moorthy A. Prevalence and effect of PIK3CA H1047R somatic mutation among Indian head and neck cancer patients. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:104029. [PMID: 38873617 PMCID: PMC11170471 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PIK3CA is one among the several mutated genes in cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). H1047R is a hotspot somatic mutation in PIK3CA that occurs most frequently in several forms of cancers. Distribution of PIK3CA H1047R mutation in Indian HNSCC patients was screened and its effect on disease progression and response to treatment was analysed in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from tumour biopsies of HNSCC patients (n = 48) and polymerase chain reaction coupled restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to screen for the mutation. Overall survival (OS) and Progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients were calculated in order to study effect of this mutation on survival and response to treatment respectively. Results showed that irrespective of patients' criteria, twenty-five patients (52 %) carried a heterozygous form of mutation (His/Arg) and the rest (48 %) were wild type (His/His). The mean OS of the cohort with the mutation was 20.451 months (SE ± 1.710 months) while 26.31 months (SE ± 2.431) was in wild type population. PFS of the patients with the mutation was 18.612 months (SE ± 2.072), and for the wild type population, it was 26.31 months (SE ± 2.431). These observations suggest that Indian HNSCC patients with PIK3CA H1047R mutation have poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anbalagan Moorthy
- Corresponding author at: School of Bioscience and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
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Montoro-Jiménez I, Granda-Díaz R, Menéndez ST, Prieto-Fernández L, Otero-Rosales M, Álvarez-González M, García-de-la-Fuente V, Rodríguez A, Rodrigo JP, Álvarez-Teijeiro S, García-Pedrero JM, Hermida-Prado F. Combined PIK3CA and SOX2 Gene Amplification Predicts Laryngeal Cancer Risk beyond Histopathological Grading. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2695. [PMID: 38473941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The PIK3CA and SOX2 genes map at 3q26, a chromosomal region frequently amplified in head and neck cancers, which is associated with poor prognosis. This study explores the clinical significance of PIK3CA and SOX2 gene amplification in early tumorigenesis. Gene copy number was analyzed by real-time PCR in 62 laryngeal precancerous lesions and correlated with histopathological grading and laryngeal cancer risk. Amplification of the SOX2 and PIK3CA genes was frequently detected in 19 (31%) and 32 (52%) laryngeal dysplasias, respectively, and co-amplification in 18 (29%) cases. The PIK3CA and SOX2 amplifications were predominant in high-grade dysplasias and significantly associated with laryngeal cancer risk beyond histological criteria. Multivariable Cox analysis further revealed PIK3CA gene amplification as an independent predictor of laryngeal cancer development. Interestingly, combined PIK3CA and SOX2 amplification allowed us to distinguish three cancer risk subgroups, and PIK3CA and SOX2 co-amplification was found the strongest predictor by ROC analysis. Our data demonstrate the clinical relevance of PIK3CA and SOX2 amplification in early laryngeal tumorigenesis. Remarkably, PIK3CA amplification was found to be an independent cancer predictor. Furthermore, combined PIK3CA and SOX2 amplification is emerging as a valuable and easy-to-implement tool for cancer risk assessment in patients with laryngeal precancerous lesions beyond current WHO histological grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Montoro-Jiménez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía T Menéndez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Llara Prieto-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Otero-Rosales
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Álvarez-González
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanessa García-de-la-Fuente
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aida Rodríguez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Gram SB, Alosi D, Bagger FO, Østrup O, von Buchwald C, Friborg J, Wessel I, Vogelius IR, Rohrberg K, Rasmussen JH. Clinical implication of genetic intratumor heterogeneity for targeted therapy in head and neck cancer. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1831-1839. [PMID: 37902999 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2272293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic profiling is increasingly used both in therapeutic decision-making and as inclusion criteria for trials testing targeted therapies. However, the mutational landscape may vary across different areas of a tumor and intratumor heterogeneity will challenge treatments or clinical decisions based on single tumor biopsies. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical relevance of genetic intratumor heterogeneity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) using the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets (ESCAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 33 whole tumor specimens from 28 patients with primary or recurrent HNSCC referred for surgery. Three tumor blocks were selected from central, semi-peripheral, and peripheral positions, mimicking biopsies in three different locations. Genetic analysis of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) was performed on the three biopsies using Oncoscan, focusing on 45 preselected HNSCC genes of interest. Clinical relevance was assessed using the ESCAT score to investigate whether and how treatment decisions would change based on the three biopsies from the same tumor. RESULTS The SCNAs identified among 45 preselected genes within the three tumor biopsies derived from the same tumor revealed distinct variations. The detected discrepancies could potentially influence treatment approaches or clinical decisions in 36% of the patients if only one tumor biopsy was used. Recurrent tumors exhibited significantly higher variation in SCNAs than primary tumors (p = .024). No significant correlation between tumor size and heterogeneity (p = .7) was observed. CONCLUSION In 36% of patients diagnosed with HNSCC, clinically significant intratumor heterogeneity was observed which may have implications for patient management. This finding substantiates the need for future studies that specifically investigate the clinical implications associated with intratumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Buhl Gram
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniela Alosi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Otzen Bagger
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Østrup
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Friborg
- Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Wessel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Richter Vogelius
- Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Rohrberg
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Høygaard Rasmussen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Targeting mTOR as a Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances in Natural Bioactive Compounds and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225520. [PMID: 36428613 PMCID: PMC9688668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine-protein kinase, which regulates many biological processes related to metabolism, cancer, immune function, and aging. It is an essential protein kinase that belongs to the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) family and has two known signaling complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Even though mTOR signaling plays a critical role in promoting mitochondria-related protein synthesis, suppressing the catabolic process of autophagy, contributing to lipid metabolism, engaging in ribosome formation, and acting as a critical regulator of mRNA translation, it remains one of the significant signaling systems involved in the tumor process, particularly in apoptosis, cell cycle, and cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, the mTOR signaling system could be suggested as a cancer biomarker, and its targeting is important in anti-tumor therapy research. Indeed, its dysregulation is involved in different types of cancers such as colon, neck, cervical, head, lung, breast, reproductive, and bone cancers, as well as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Moreover, recent investigations showed that targeting mTOR could be considered as cancer therapy. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of recent developments associated with the mTOR signaling pathway and its molecular involvement in various human cancer types. It also summarizes the research progress of different mTOR inhibitors, including natural and synthetised compounds and their main mechanisms, as well as the rational combinations with immunotherapies.
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Mezi S, Pomati G, Zizzari IG, Di Filippo A, Cerbelli B, Cirillo A, Fiscon G, Amirhassankhani S, Valentini V, De Vincentiis M, Corsi A, Di Gioia C, Tombolini V, Della Rocca C, Polimeni A, Nuti M, Marchetti P, Botticelli A. Genomic and Immune Approach in Platinum Refractory HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Immunotherapy: A Novel Combined Profile. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112732. [PMID: 36359251 PMCID: PMC9687656 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Only a minority of patients with platinum refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (PR/HNSCC) gain some lasting benefit from immunotherapy. Methods: The combined role of the comprehensive genomic (through the FoundationOne Cdx test) and immune profiles of 10 PR/HNSCC patients treated with the anti-PD-1 nivolumab was evaluated. The immune profiles were studied both at baseline and at the second cycle of immunotherapy, weighing 20 circulating cytokines/chemokines, adhesion molecules, and 14 soluble immune checkpoints dosed through a multiplex assay. A connectivity map was obtained by calculating the Spearman correlation between the expression profiles of circulating molecules. Results: Early progression occurred in five patients, each of them showing TP53 alteration and three of them showing a mutation/loss/amplification of genes involved in the cyclin-dependent kinase pathway. In addition, ERB2 amplification (1 patient), BRCA1 mutation (1 patient), and NOTCH1 genes alteration (3 patients) occurred. Five patients achieved either stable disease or partial response. Four of them carried mutations in PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathways. In the only two patients, with a long response to immunotherapy, the tumor mutational burden (TMB) was high. Moreover, a distinct signature, in terms of network connectivity of the circulating soluble molecules, characterizing responder and non-responder patients, was evidenced. Moreover, a strong negative and statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) correlation with alive status was evidenced for sE-selectin at T1. Conclusions: Our results highlighted the complexity and heterogeneity of HNSCCs, even though it was in a small cohort. Molecular and immune approaches, combined in a single profile, could represent a promising strategy, in the context of precision immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mezi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Pomati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Ilaria Grazia Zizzari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Filippo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Cerbelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Cirillo
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiscon
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering “Antonio Ruberti”, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sasan Amirhassankhani
- Department of Urology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna, Via Palagi 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentino Valentini
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Vincentiis
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cira Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tombolini
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Della Rocca
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Polo Pontino, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- IDI-IRCCS Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Chen X, Gao W, Yin G, Guo W, Huang J, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Phospho-EGFRTyr992 is synergistically repressed by co-inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which attenuates resistance to erlotinib in head and neck cancer cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1455. [PMID: 34734007 PMCID: PMC8506790 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Erlotinib is a commonly used epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapeutic choice for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, its efficacy is largely compromised by cancer cell resistance. Understanding and targeting the erlotinib adaptive mechanisms of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) cancer cells are still pressing challenges. This study aimed to elucidate the cooperative erlotinib-sensitizing mechanisms of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) co-inhibition, which will be helpful in gaining a better understanding of the mechanism of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in head and neck cancer cells. Methods High-content screening (HCS) was performed to analyze the cell counts of different treatment groups and their drug-sensitizing effect phenotype. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining assays were used to measure and locate the expression of proteins in the FaDu and TU212 cells. Annexin V/PI and DAPI staining were also used to determine the ratio of apoptotic cells and different cell cycle phases. Results The expression of phosphor-EGFRTyr992 was significantly increased in erlotinib-treated FaDu cells compared with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated FaDu cells. Meanwhile, erlotinib + vorinostat + copanlisib jointly attenuated the expression of phosphor-EGFRTyr1068 and phosphor-EGFRTyr992, but stimulated the expression of E-cadherin. Moreover, we found that the tri-drug group also impaired the expression of phosphor-STAT3Ser727 and its relevant activators, including phosphor-SrcTyr416. Conclusions These findings indicate that HDACs and PI3K co-inhibition sensitizes erlotinib via inactivation of the phosphor-EGFRTyr1068-induced RTK-STAT3 axis. However, PI3K inhibition was sufficient to sensitize TU212 cells to erlotinib, providing new perspectives for the further clinical study of erlotinib + vorinostat + copanlisib as a potential combination therapeutic solution for EGFR responsive reactivation-induced resistance to erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gaofei Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Akbari Dilmaghani N, Safaroghli-Azar A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt/mTORC signaling axis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Possibilities for therapeutic interventions either as single agents or in combination with conventional therapies. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:618-642. [PMID: 33476088 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The latest advances in the sequencing methods in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues have revolutionized our understanding of the disease by taking off the veil from the most frequent genetic alterations in the components of the oncogenic pathways. Among all the identified alterations, aberrancies in the genes attributed to the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) axis have attracted special attention as they were altered in more than 90% of the tissues isolated from HNSCC patients. In fact, the association between these aberrancies and the increased risk of cancer metastasis suggested this axis as an "Achilles Heel" of HNSCC, which may be therapeutically targeted. The results of the clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of the inhibitors targeting the components of the PI3K axis in the treatment of HNSCC patients, either alone or in a combined-modal strategy, opened a new chapter in the treatment strategy of this malignancy. The present study aimed to review the importance of the PI3K axis in the pathogenesis of HNSCC and also provide a piece of information about the breakthroughs and challenges of PI3K inhibitors in the therapeutic strategies of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Starzyńska A, Sejda A, Adamska P, Marvaso G, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Adamski Ł, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Prognostic value of the PIK3CA, AKT, and PTEN mutations in oral squamous cell carcinoma: literature review. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:207-217. [PMID: 33488873 PMCID: PMC7811327 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 260,000 (2013) new oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases are reported annually worldwide. Despite development in OSCC management, the outcome is still unsatisfactory. Identification of new molecular markers may be of use in prevention, prognosis, and choice of an appropriate therapy. The intracellular molecular signalling pathway of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase is involved in the process of cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. The main components of this pathway: PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase catalytic subunit α), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and AKT (serine-threonine kinase) are potential objects of research when introducing new therapeutic agents. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the PIK3CA, PTEN, and AKT gene mutations as prognostic factors in OSCC and to describe their role in aggressive disease progression. This is crucial for oral cancer biology understanding and for indicating which direction new clinical treatments should take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Adamska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Department of Radiotherapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Łukasz Adamski
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara A. Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Radiotherapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Starzyńska A, Adamska P, Sejda A, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Adamski ŁJ, Marvaso G, Wychowański P, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Any Role of PIK3CA and PTEN Biomarkers in the Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E325. [PMID: 33287350 PMCID: PMC7761816 DOI: 10.3390/life10120325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 95% of the lesions in the oral cavity. Despite development in OSCC management, the outcome is still unsatisfactory. Identification of new therapies in OSCC is urgently needed. One objective of such treatment may be a signaling pathway of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The study group included 92 patients treated for OSCC at the University Clinical Centre in Gdańsk, Poland. Study was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from primary OSCC. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA) and phosphatase and tensin homolog encoded on chromosome 10 (PTEN) protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). PIK3CA gene copy number was analyzed using chromogenic and silver in situ hybridization where molecular probes are marked by chromogens and silver ions. PIK3CA IHC H-score ≥ 70 was found in 51.65% patients, and loss of PTEN protein was noticed in 31.46% cases. PIK3CA amplification was detected in 5 tumors. In the case of PTEN protein expression, there was an inverse correlation with the T stage of the primary tumor (r = -0.243) and positive correlation with a 5-year survival (r = 0.235). The number of copies of the PIK3CA gene was associated with the tumor grading (r = 0.208). The present study shows that loss of PTEN protein and the grading (p = 0.040), distant metastases (p = 0.033), smoking (p = 0.016), and alcohol abuse (p = 0.042) were prognostic factors for the survival of patients with OSCC. In contrast, the presence of amplification and OSCC on the floor of the mouth resulted in a nearly six-fold increase in the risk of shortening survival (p = 0.037). Our finding suggests a potential prognostic significance of PTEN loss and PIK3CA amplification in OSCC. Future studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.A.); (Ł.J.A.)
| | - Paulina Adamska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.A.); (Ł.J.A.)
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 18 Żołnierska Street, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Monika Sakowicz-Burkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 17 Smoluchowskiego Street, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Jan Adamski
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.A.); (Ł.J.A.)
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiotherapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 435 Ripamonti Street, 20-141 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 7 Festa del Perdono Street, 20-112 Milan, Italy
| | - Piotr Wychowański
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 6 Binieckiego Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiotherapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 435 Ripamonti Street, 20-141 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 7 Festa del Perdono Street, 20-112 Milan, Italy
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Jeon HM, Lee JS, Kim SH, Yun KH, Park KH, Jeon MK, Lee YH, Yoon HI, Suh JS, Hur H, Kim KS, Kim S, Kim SH, Kim HS. Comprehensive Immuno-Molecular Profiles for Liposarcoma: Roles of Programmed Death Ligand 1, Microsatellite Instability, and PIK3CA. Oncology 2020; 98:817-826. [PMID: 32892196 DOI: 10.1159/000509004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing personalized strategies for cancer has shown good efficacies. METHODS We assessed the molecular targets programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), microsatellite instability (MSI), and PIK3CA. Seventy-four patients with liposarcomas who underwent curative resection were assessed for PD-L1 expression in the tumor and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6) by immunohistochemistry, MSI using polymerase chain reaction, and PIK3CA mutation/amplification using pyrosequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS Seventeen (23%) cases were TIL+ (≥1 + expression) and associated with longer 5-year overall survival than those with TIL- tumors (84.4 vs. 60.8%, p = 0.007). Six (35.3%) PD-L1+ tumors were detected only in TIL+ cases, with none detected in tumor cells. Two well-differentiated liposarcomas showed MSI, one low and one high with concurrent loss of MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2. PIK3CA mutation was detected in 7 (9.5%) [exon 9 (n = 4) and exon 20 (n = 3)] and only 1 Q546K mutation was a PD-L1+ tumor. PIK3CA copy number gain was detected in 18 (24.4%) and was associated with TIL+ tumors (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive immuno-molecular panel suggests that liposarcoma should be categorized based on the molecular genomic subtype for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyae Min Jeon
- Pathology Center, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hee Kim
- Pathology Center, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kum-Hee Yun
- Yonsei Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- Yonsei Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Jeon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong In Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suck Suh
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Hur
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Song Kim
- Yonsei Song-Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea, .,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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11
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Matsuda S, Mafune A, Kohda N, Hama T, Urashima M. Associations among smoking, MGMT hypermethylation, TP53-mutations, and relapse in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231932. [PMID: 32324779 PMCID: PMC7179834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic silencing of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) DNA repair enzyme via promoter hypermethylation (hmMGMT) may increase mutations in the TP53 oncosuppressor gene and contribute to carcinogenesis. The effects of smoking, which is a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), were investigated to determine whether they up- or down-regulate hmMGMT. Additionally, the impact of hmMGMT and disruptive TP53-mutations on relapse was investigated in patients with HNSCC. Methods This study included 164 patients with HNSCC who were negative for both p16 protein expression and human papilloma virus infection. The association of smoking and hmMGMT was investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Competing risk regression was used to evaluate the effects of hmMGMT and TP53-mutations in exon 2 to 11 on relapse of HNSCC. Results hmMGMT was observed in 84% of the 164 patients. TP53-mutations, specifically, G:C>A:T transition, were more frequent in patients with hmMGMT (32%) than in those without hmMGMT (8%). The frequency of disruptive TP53-mutations was not significantly different between groups. Compared with nonsmoking, heavy smoking of 20 pack-years or more was significantly associated with decreased hmMGMT (adjusted odds ratio, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.56; P = 0.01). Patients who had both hmMGMT and disruptive TP53-mutations showed a significantly higher relapse rate than all other patients (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.92; P = 0.026). Conclusions It was found that hmMGMT was suppressed by heavy smoking, and hmMGMT combined with disruptive TP53-mutations may indicate a poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Matsuda
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Real World Data Science Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Mafune
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagisa Kohda
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Hama
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oto-Rhino-laryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Urashima
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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12
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Cai Y, Yousef A, Grandis JR, Johnson DE. NSAID therapy for PIK3CA-Altered colorectal, breast, and head and neck cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 75:100653. [PMID: 31594701 PMCID: PMC7056575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence indicates that regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provides a protective effect against the development of colorectal, breast, and head and neck cancers. Genomic characterization of these cancers has lent considerable insight into the subpopulations of cancer patients who are most likely to benefit from NSAID therapy. The PIK3CA gene encodes the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and is among the most frequently mutated genes in solid tumor malignancies. Cancer-associated mutations in PIK3CA promote signaling via the PI3K pathway and stimulate tumor cell growth. In addition, activation of the PI3K pathway leads to induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme and production of immunosuppressive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Notably, in both colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer the subpopulation of patients that benefit from NSAID use is restricted to those whose tumors exhibit PIK3CA genomic alterations. Preclinical studies, particularly in models of head and neck cancer, support the hypothesis that the chemopreventive impact of NSAIDs may be due, in part, to inhibition of COX-2 and reduction of PGE2 levels in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Yousef
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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13
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Makii C, Ikeda Y, Oda K, Uehara Y, Nishijima A, Koso T, Kawata Y, Kashiyama T, Miyasaka A, Sone K, Tanikawa M, Tsuruga T, Mori-Uchino M, Nagasaka K, Matsumoto Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Kawana K, Hasegawa K, Fujiwara K, Aburatani H, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Anti-tumor activity of dual inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and MDM2 against clear cell ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 155:331-339. [PMID: 31493899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PI3K pathway signaling has received attention as a molecular target in clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC). MDM2 is one of the AKT effectors in the PI3K pathway, which binds to and degrades p53. In this study, we aimed to clarify the prognostic significance of PIK3CA and MDM2 expression, and potential therapeutic effect of a dual inhibition of the PI3K pathway and MDM2. MATERIALS AND METHODS cDNA expression was evaluated by using microarray data using 75 samples of CCOC. DS-7423 (dual inhibitor of pan-PI3K and mTOR) and RG7112 (MDM2 inhibitor) were used on CCOC cell lines to evaluate cell proliferation, expression level of MDM2 related proteins, and apoptosis by MTT assay, western blotting, and flow cytometry. DS-7423 (3 mg/kg) and/or RG7112 (50 mg/kg) were orally administrated every day for three weeks, and the anti-tumor effect was evaluated using tumor xenografts, along with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Tumors with high expression of both PIK3CA and MDM2 showed significantly worse prognosis in expression array of 71 CCOCs (P = 0.013). Dual inhibition of the PI3K pathway by DS-7423 and MDM2 by RG7112 showed synergistic anti-proliferative effect in 4 CCOC cell lines without TP53 mutations. The combination therapy more robustly induced pro-apoptotic proteins (PUMA and cleaved PARP) with increase of sub G1 population and apoptotic cells, compared with either single agent alone. The combination therapy significantly reduced tumor volume in mice (P < 0.001 in OVISE, and P = 0.038 in RMG-I) without severe body weight loss. Immunohistochemistry from the xenograft tumors showed that the combination treatment significantly reduced vascularity and cell proliferation, with an increase of apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION A combination therapy targeting the PI3K pathway and MDM2 might be a promising therapeutic strategy in CCOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinami Makii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Current address; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Uehara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Nishijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kawata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kashiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Tsuruga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuyo Mori-Uchino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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(Cyto)genomic and epigenetic characterization of BICR 10 cell line and three new established primary human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cultures. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1207-1221. [PMID: 31321735 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines are useful preclinical models to understand the molecular processes underlying the development of such tumors, and to establish targeted therapies. OBJECTIVE We performed a comprehensive (cyto)genomic and epigenetic characterization of three new established primary human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cultures and an established, yet undercharacterized cell line: BICR 10. METHODS Karyotyping, multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization, array comparative genomic hybridization and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were applied. RESULTS The three primary cultures turned out to be a near-triploid and BICR 10 near-diploid. Banding and molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed non-random numerical and structural aberrations. The most common rearrangements identified in BICR 10 cell line were non-complex derivatives of reciprocal translocations, in which the breakpoints often appeared in centromeric/near-centromeric regions. In the 3 primary cell cultures the most common rearrangements observed were iso- and derivatives chromosomes derived from translocations. Overall, gains of 7p, 8q and losses at 3p, 8p, 9p, 18q and Xp were present in all four studied samples. Among the analyzed genes, BICR 10 cell line exhibited enhanced methylation of gene promoter; however, in all studied samples PAX5, WT1 and GATA5 were methylated. CONCLUSION The here reported comprehensive characterization of BICR 10 cell line and the new established cultures enriches the resources available for head and neck cancer research, especially for testing therapeutic agents.
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Zhou Y, Sinha S, Schwartz JL, Adami GR. A subtype of oral, laryngeal, esophageal, and lung, squamous cell carcinoma with high levels of TrkB-T1 neurotrophin receptor mRNA. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:607. [PMID: 31221127 PMCID: PMC6587277 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The NTRK2 genetic locus encodes neurotrophin membrane receptors that play an important role in normal neural tissue plasticity, growth, and survival. One NTRK2-encoded protein is TrkB-FL, which can regulate multiple pathways relevant to cancer. A second NTRK2 gene mRNA isoform encodes TrkB-T1, a receptor that has a different cytoplasmic domain encoded in a mRNA with a unique 3′ terminal exon. Method Tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other studies were classified according to the expression of a single form of NTRK2 mRNA, TrkB-T1, identified by its unique 3′ terminal exon. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in TrkB-T1 high expressers was done to determine if tumors enriched for TrkB-T1 mRNA were a uniform group independent of anatomic site. Results The mRNA for TrkB-T1 is the most abundant NTRK2 gene mRNA in all squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in the TCGA database. Comparison of larynx SCC high TrkB-T1 RNA expressers to low expressers (n = 96) revealed gene expression differences consistent with the high TrkB-T1 tumors being more neural-like. The upregulated genes in the TrkB-T1 RNA high expressers also showed enrichment of pathways involved in retinol metabolism, hedgehog signaling, and the Nfe2l2 response, among other pathways. An examination of oral, esophagus, and lung SCCs (n = 284, 97, 501) showed induction of the same pathways among tumors that expressed high levels of TrkB-T1 mRNA. Proteins associated with regulation of the sonic hedgehog pathway, and the Nfe2l2 response, Tp63, and Keap1 and p62/SQSTM1 proteins, showed differential expression in larynx, oral and lung high TrkB1-T1 expresser SCCs. Unexpectantly, the relationship of high level TrkB-T1 expression to patient outcomes was SCC anatomic site specific. High TrkB-T1 mRNA levels in laryngeal SCC correlated with poor survival, but the opposite was true for lung SCC. This may be because pathways enriched in the TrkB high expressers, like those involving oncogenes NFE2L2, PIK3CA, and SOX2, are known to have SCC anatomic site-specific effects on progression. Conclusions High level TrkB-T1 mRNA is a marker of a distinct SCC subtype enriched for at least 3 pathways relevant to tumor progression: Nfe2l2 response, retinol metabolism, and hedgehog signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5789-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Computer Science and Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2122 Siebel Center, 201N. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Joel L Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Guy R Adami
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Tan FH, Bai Y, Saintigny P, Darido C. mTOR Signalling in Head and Neck Cancer: Heads Up. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040333. [PMID: 30970654 PMCID: PMC6523933 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is a central regulator of metabolism in all cells. It senses intracellular and extracellular signals and nutrient levels, and coordinates the metabolic requirements for cell growth, survival, and proliferation. Genetic alterations that deregulate mTOR signalling lead to metabolic reprogramming, resulting in the development of several cancers including those of the head and neck. Gain-of-function mutations in EGFR, PIK3CA, and HRAS, or loss-of-function in p53 and PTEN are often associated with mTOR hyperactivation, whereas mutations identified from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset that potentially lead to aberrant mTOR signalling are found in the EIF4G1, PLD1, RAC1, and SZT2 genes. In this review, we discuss how these mutant genes could affect mTOR signalling and highlight their impact on metabolic processes, as well as suggest potential targets for therapeutic intervention, primarily in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H Tan
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Yuchen Bai
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Charbel Darido
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Resteghini C, Perrone F, Miceli R, Bergamini C, Alfieri S, Orlandi E, Guzzo M, Granata R, Galbiati D, Cavalieri S, Locati L, Licitra L, Bossi P. Prognostic role of PIK3CA and TP53 in human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal cancers. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 104:213-220. [PMID: 29714670 DOI: 10.1177/0300891618765558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPCs) have a poorer prognosis and best management is an unmet need. We studied the prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PIK3CA amplifications and TP53 functional status. METHODS Between 1992 and 2000, 90 consecutive patients with OPCs were treated with surgery, followed by radiotherapy in case of high-risk pathologic features. Of those, 73 cases were HPV-negative and therefore were selected for molecular analysis ( PIK3CA and EGFR fluorescent in situ hybridization [FISH] analysis and TP53 mutation analysis). RESULTS FISH analyses of EGFR and PIK3CA were successfully conducted on 69 and 63 of 73 tumor samples, respectively. EGFR alterations were detected in 43% of patients but just 7% showed amplification. Seven cases (11%) carried PIK3CA amplification and 18 (29%) gene gain or high polysomy. TP53 was detected as nonfunctional in 24 of 67 (36%) successfully analyzed cases. Both univariable and multivariable analysis showed statistically significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) for patients with PIK3CA disomy compared to those with gene gain or high polysomy. No differences in overall survival or DFS for EGFR and TP53 alteration were evident. The combined evaluation of PIK3CA and TP53 showed that PIK3CA gene copy number gain separated a population with better outcome, defining an overall worse prognosis population (disomy) now clearly further divided according to TP53 functional status. CONCLUSION PIK3CA gene copy number increase is associated with a favorable clinical outcome in HPV-negative OPCs treated with surgery ± postoperative radiotherapy. In patients without PIK3CA alteration, TP53 nonfunctional mutations are associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Resteghini
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- 2 Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Miceli
- 3 Clinical Epidemiology and Trials Organization Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bergamini
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ester Orlandi
- 4 Radiotherapy 2 Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Guzzo
- 5 Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Granata
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Donata Galbiati
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Locati
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Licitra
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,6 State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bossi
- 1 Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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18
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Wemmert S, Linxweiler M, Lerner C, Bochen F, Kulas P, Linxweiler J, Smola S, Urbschat S, Wagenpfeil S, Schick B. Combinational chromosomal aneuploidies and HPV status for prediction of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis in biopsies and cytological preparations. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1129-1141. [PMID: 29560516 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common human cancer types with a very poor prognosis despite improvements in therapeutic modalities. The major known risk factors are tobacco use and alcohol consumption or infection with high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV), especially in oropharyngeal tumors. The current management based on the assessment of a variety of clinical and pathological parameters does not sufficiently predict outcome. METHODS Chromosomal alterations detected in HNSCCs were characterized by metaphase comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and correlated with clinical parameters as well as survival time. Candidate regions were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-in situ-hybridization (FISH) on dapped tumor tissue and liquid-based cytological smear preparations. In addition, HPV status was determined by polymerase chain reaction and simultaneous immunocytochemical p16INK4a-Ki67 staining. RESULTS The most frequent DNA copy number gains were observed on chromosome arms 3q, 8q, 5p, 7q, 12p, and 12q. DNA copy number decreases occurred most frequently at 3p, 17p, 4q, and 5q. FISH analysis verified in part the observed alterations by CGH on dapped tissues and was especially able to detect the most frequent DNA copy changes in cytological specimens. CONCLUSION The combination of HPV status and prognostic copy number alteration detected by FISH in biopsies or cytological specimens may be an applicable protocol for screening head and neck cancer patients prior to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wemmert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Street 100, 66421, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
| | - Maximilian Linxweiler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Street 100, 66421, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Cornelia Lerner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Street 100, 66421, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Florian Bochen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Street 100, 66421, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Philipp Kulas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Street 100, 66421, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | | | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Steffi Urbschat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Bernhard Schick
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Street 100, 66421, Homburg (Saar), Germany
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19
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Ribeiro IP, Rodrigues JM, Mascarenhas A, Kosyakova N, Caramelo F, Liehr T, Melo JB, Carreira IM. Cytogenetic, genomic, and epigenetic characterization of the HSC-3 tongue cell line with lymph node metastasis. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:70-81. [PMID: 29479029 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Oral carcinoma develops from squamous epithelial cells by the acquisition of multiple (epi) genetic alterations that target different genes and molecular pathways. Herein, we performed a comprehensive genomic and epigenetic characterization of the HSC-3 cell line through karyotyping, multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, array comparative genomic hybridization, and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. HSC-3 turned out to be a near-triploid cell line with a modal number of 61 chromosomes. Banding and molecular cytogenetic analyses revealed that nonrandom gains of chromosomal segments occurred more frequently than losses. Overall, gains of chromosome 1, 3q, 5p, 7p, 8q, 9q, 10, 11p, 11q13, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18p, 20, Yp, and Xq were observed. The largest region affected by copy number loss was observed at chromosome 18q. Several of the observed genomic imbalances and their mapped genes were already associated with oral carcinoma and/or adverse prognosis, invasion, and metastasis in cancer. The most common rearrangements observed were translocations in the centromeric/near-centromeric regions. RARB, ESR1, and CADM1 genes were methylated and showed copy number losses, whereas TP73 and GATA5 presented with methylation and copy number gains. Thus, the current study presents a comprehensive characterization of the HSC-3 cell line; the use of this cell line may contribute to enriching the resources available for oral cancer research, especially for the testing of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda P Ribeiro
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra.,Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - Joana M Rodrigues
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | | | - Nadezda Kosyakova
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University
| | - Joana B Melo
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra.,Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
| | - Isabel M Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra.,Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra
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20
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Zagradišnik B, Krgović D, Herodež ŠS, Zagorac A, Ćižmarević B, Vokač NK. Identification of genomic copy number variations associated with specific clinical features of head and neck cancer. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:5. [PMID: 29371888 PMCID: PMC5769503 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copy number variations (CNSs) of large genomic regions are an important mechanism implicated in the development of head and neck cancer, however, for most changes their exact role is not well understood. The aim of this study was to find possible associations between gains/losses of genomic regions and clinically distinct subgroups of head and neck cancer patients. Results Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis was performed on DNA samples in 64 patients with cancer in oral cavity, oropharynx or hypopharynx. Overlapping genomic regions created from gains and losses were used for statistical analysis. Following regions were overrepresented: in tumors with stage I or II a gain of 2.98 Mb on 6p21.2-p11 and a gain of 7.4 Mb on 8q11.1-q11.23; in tumors with grade I histology a gain of 1.1 Mb on 8q24.13, a loss of a large part of p arm of chromosome 3, a loss of a 1.24 Mb on 6q14.3, and a loss of terminal 32 Mb region of 8p23.3; in cases with affected lymph nodes a gain of 0.75 Mb on 3q24, and a gain of 0.9 Mb on 3q26.32-q26.33; in cases with unaffected lymph nodes a gain of 1.1 Mb on 8q23.3, in patients not treated with surgery a gain of 12.2 Mb on 7q21.3-q22.3 and a gain of 0.33 Mb on 20q11.22. Conclusions Our study identified several genomic regions of interest which appear to be associated with various clinically distinct subgroups of head and neck cancer. They represent a potentially important source of biomarkers useful for the clinical management of head and neck cancer. In particular, the PIK3CA and AGTR1 genes could be singled out to predict the lymph node involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Zagradišnik
- 1Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Danijela Krgović
- 1Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Špela Stangler Herodež
- 1Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Zagorac
- 1Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Bogdan Ćižmarević
- 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nadja Kokalj Vokač
- 1Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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21
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Kim HS, Lee SE, Bae YS, Kim DJ, Lee CG, Hur J, Chung H, Park JC, Shin SK, Lee SK, Lee YC, Kim HR, Shim YM, Jewell SS, Kim H, Choi YL, Cho BC. PIK3CA amplification is associated with poor prognosis among patients with curatively resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30691-701. [PMID: 27095573 PMCID: PMC5058710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and the prognostic impact of PIK3CA gene amplification in curatively resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Using 534 curatively resected ESCCs, the PIK3CA gene copy number was evaluated with fluorescent in situ hybridization. PIK3CA amplification was defined as PIK3CA/centromere 3 ratio is ≥ 2.0 or average number of PIK3CA signals/tumor cell nucleus ≥ 5.0. PIK3CA mutations in exon 9 and 20, encoding the highly conserved helical and kinase domains were assessed by direct sequencing in 388 cases. PIK3CA amplification was detected in 56 (10.5%) cases. PIK3CA amplification was significantly associated with higher T-stage (P=0.026) and pathologic stage (P=0.053). PIK3CA amplification showed a significantly shorter disease free survival (DFS) compared with that of non-amplified group (33.4 vs 63.1 months, P=0.019). After adjusting for gender, tumor location, pathologic stage, histologic grade and adjuvant treatment, PIK3CA amplification was significantly associated with a shorter DFS (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.53; 95% CI, 1.10-2.17; P=0.02). Though the statistical insignificance, PIK3CA amplification showed tendency of shorter OS (52.1 vs 96.5 moths, P=0.116). PIK3CA mutations were detected in 6 (1.5%) of 388 cases; 5 cases with exon 9 mutations in E545K while one exon 20 mutation in H1047L. PIK3CA amplification is a frequent oncogenic alteration and associated with shorter survival, suggesting its role as a prognostic biomarker in resected ESCC. PIK3CA amplification may represent a promising therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Song Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Bae
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Geol Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kwan Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kil Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mog Shim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Susan S Jewell
- Abbott Molecular Laboratories, Des Plaines, IL, United States
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon La Choi
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Kim JH, Lee JS, Kim EJ, Park KH, Kim KH, Yi SY, Kim HS, Cho YJ, Shin KH, Ahn JB, Hu H, Kim KS, Choi YD, Kim S, Lee YH, Suh JS, Noh SH, Rha SY, Kim HS. Prognostic implications of PIK3CA amplification in curatively resected liposarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:24549-58. [PMID: 27016421 PMCID: PMC5029721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the epidemiologic characteristics and prognostic significance of PIK3CA mutations/amplifications in curative resected liposarcoma. Patients and methods A total of 125 liposarcoma tissue samples were collected over a 12-year period. PIK3CA mutations and gene copy number amplifications were analyzed by pyrosequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results Nine of the 105 liposarcomas (8.6%) had activating PIK3CA mutation. PIK3CA mutations were more frequent in myxoid/round cell and pleomorphic tumors compared with well-differentiated/dedifferentiated tumors (13.3% vs. 2.2%, P=0.043). In FISH PIK3CA analysis, copy number gain was detected in 14 of the 101 tumors (13.9%): 11 (10.9%) tumors had increased gene copy number (polysomy) and 3 (3.0%) exhibited gene amplification. In survival analysis, patients with PIK3CA copy number gain had a worse prognosis compared to patients without PIK3CA amplification (median disease-free survival [DFS] 22.2 vs. 107.6 months p=0.005). By multivariate analysis, PIK3CA copy number gain was an independent prognostic factor for worse DFS (P=0.027; hazard ratio, 2.400; 95% confidence interval 1.105 to 5.213). PIK3CA mutation was not associated with DFS and overall survival. Conclusions We demonstrated PIK3CA mutation and amplification in liposarcoma. PIK3CA copy number gain was an independent poor prognostic factor for DFS. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential diagnostic and therapeutic role of PIK3CA mutations and amplifications in liposarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hoon Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eo Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Park
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Song Dang Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hyang Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong Yoon Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Han Seong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoo-Ho Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Bae Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Hu
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Deuk Choi
- Department of Urology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Suck Suh
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Song Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Ribeiro IP, Barroso L, Marques F, Santos A, Caramelo F, Julião MJ, Melo JB, Carreira IM. Genomic and epigenetic characterization for the comparison of synchronous bilateral tongue squamous cell carcinomas-A case report. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:398-406. [PMID: 29056289 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The tongue is the most common and aggressive site for tumors in the oral cavity. These tumors are usually located in the lateral border of the tongue and are often related to the use of tobacco and alcohol. Clinical management of these tumors is predominantly based on anatomic location and TNM classification. The identification of molecular signatures with ability to explain the different outcomes observed in these patients is of paramount importance to guide and help their management. CASE PRESENTATION we herein describe an 88-year-old woman diagnosed with synchronous bilateral tongue carcinoma. This woman did not present the traditional risk factors related to oral cancer-alcohol, tobacco, or presence of human papiloma virus (HPV). Both tumors were classified by a pathologist as pT2. This patient was submitted to surgery, 6 months later was diagnosed with cervical metastasis and in the following 2 months died. Copy number alterations and methylation status of these 2 simultaneous tumors were analyzed using array comparative genomic hybridization, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and methylation specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. In conclusion, in both tumors we identified several molecular traits usually found among oral cavity tumors and some of those have been associated with clinical outcome, reinforcing their importance to accurately establish biomarkers with clinical applicability. Specific genomic and epigenetic signatures for each of these 2 tumors were also observed allowing their molecular discrimination. The tumor of the right side of the tongue exhibited more copy number gains than the tumor of the left side. In the left side tumor less and smaller copy number alterations and more methylated genes were observed, which could be indicative of an early phase of tumor development. This case shows the molecular heterogeneity of oral cavity tumors even in the same patient and anatomic site, which could be the key to explain the different outcomes of oral tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda P Ribeiro
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO-Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonor Barroso
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Marques
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Santos
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria J Julião
- Department of Pathology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana B Melo
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO-Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel M Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO-Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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24
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Chillón MC, Jiménez C, García-Sanz R, Alcoceba M, Prieto I, García-Alvarez M, Antón A, Maldonado R, Hernández-Ruano M, González M, Gutiérrez NC, Sarasquete ME. Quantitative PCR: an alternative approach to detect common copy number alterations in multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1699-1705. [PMID: 28770277 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 1q gains and 13q deletions are common cytogenetic aberrations in multiple myeloma (MM) that confer a poor prognosis. There are several techniques for the targeted study of these alterations, but interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the current gold standard. The aim of the present study was to validate quantitative PCR (qPCR) as an alternative to FISH studies in CD138+-enriched plasma cells (PCs) from MM patients at diagnosis. We analyzed 1q gains and 13q deletions by qPCR in 57 and 60 MM patients, respectively. qPCR applicability was 84 and 88% for 1q and 13q, respectively. The qPCR and FISH methods had a sensitivity and specificity of 88 and 71% for 1q gains, and 79 and 100% for 13q deletions. A second qPCR assay for each region was carried out to confirm the previous results. Paired qPCR (two assays) and FISH results were available from 53 MM patients: 26 for 1q amplification and 27 for 13q deletion. qPCR assays gave concordant results (qPCR-consistent) in 20 of the 26 (77%) 1q gains and 25 of the 27 (93%) 13q deletions. Considering only the consistent data, the overall concordance among qPCR and FISH was 85 and 100% for 1q gains and 13q deletions, respectively. Our results show a substantial agreement between qPCR and the gold standard FISH technique, indicating the potential of qPCR as an alternative approach, particularly when the starting material is too scarce or cells are too damaged to obtain accurate results from FISH studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chillón
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Jiménez
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - R García-Sanz
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Alcoceba
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Prieto
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M García-Alvarez
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Antón
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - R Maldonado
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Hernández-Ruano
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M González
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - N C Gutiérrez
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M E Sarasquete
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC-CSIC, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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Przybyl J, Kowalewska M, Quattrone A, Dewaele B, Vanspauwen V, Varma S, Vennam S, Newman AM, Swierniak M, Bakuła-Zalewska E, Siedlecki JA, Bidzinski M, Cools J, van de Rijn M, Debiec-Rychter M. Macrophage infiltration and genetic landscape of undifferentiated uterine sarcomas. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94033. [PMID: 28570276 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial stromal tumors include translocation-associated low- and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) and highly malignant undifferentiated uterine sarcomas (UUS). UUS is considered a poorly defined group of aggressive tumors and is often seen as a diagnosis of exclusion after ESS and leiomyosarcoma (LMS) have been ruled out. We performed a comprehensive analysis of gene expression, copy number variation, point mutations, and immune cell infiltrates in the largest series to date of all major types of uterine sarcomas to shed light on the biology of UUS and to identify potential novel therapeutic targets. We show that UUS tumors have a distinct molecular profile from LMS and ESS. Gene expression and immunohistochemical analyses revealed the presence of high numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in UUS, which makes UUS patients suitable candidates for therapies targeting TAMs. Our results show a high genomic instability of UUS and downregulation of several TP53-mediated tumor suppressor genes, such as NDN, CDH11, and NDRG4. Moreover, we demonstrate that UUS carry somatic mutations in several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes implicated in RAS/PI3K/AKT/mTOR, ERBB3, and Hedgehog signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Przybyl
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Kowalewska
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Quattrone
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Dewaele
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Vanspauwen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sushama Varma
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sujay Vennam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aaron M Newman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michal Swierniak
- Human Cancer Genetics, Center of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Janusz A Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Bidzinski
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Warsaw, Poland.,The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Jan Cools
- KU Leuven and Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matt van de Rijn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maria Debiec-Rychter
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Ribeiro IP, Marques F, Barroso L, Miguéis J, Caramelo F, Santos A, Julião MJ, Melo JB, Carreira IM. Genetic and epigenetic characterization of the tumors in a patient with a tongue primary tumor, a recurrence and a pharyngoesophageal second primary tumor. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:13. [PMID: 28413448 PMCID: PMC5387319 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The choice of therapeutic modality for oral carcinoma in recurrent or second primary tumors remains controversial, as the treatment modalities available might be reduced by the treatment of the first tumor, and the overall survival is lower when compared with patients with a single or first tumor. Identifying biomarkers that predict the risk of relapse and the response to treatment is an emerging clinical issue. Case presentation A Caucasian 49-years-old man was treated with chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy for a primary left side tongue tumor, achieving a complete response. After 49-months of follow-up, a local recurrence was diagnosed. After 3 months, a second primary tumor at the pharyngoesophageal region was detected. Genomic and epigenetic characterization of these three tumors was performed using array Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and Methylation Specific MLPA. Results The three tumors of this patient shared several imbalances in all chromosomes excluding chromosomes 9, 20 and 22, where genes related to important functional mechanisms of tumorigenesis are mapped. The shared genomic imbalances, such as losses at 1p, 2p, 3p, 4q, 5q, 6q, 7q, 8p, 10p, 11q, 12p, 12q, 13q, 15q, 16p, 16q, 17p, 17q, 18q, 19p, 19q, 21q and Xp and gains at 3q, 7q, 14q and 15q showed a common clonal origin for the diagnosed relapses. We identified some chromosomal imbalances and genes mapped in the chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 14, 17, 18 and 22 as putative linked to chemoradioresistance and chemoradiosensitivity. We also observed that gains in short arm of chromosomes 6, 7, 8 and 18 were acquired after treatment of the primary tumor. We identified losses of VHL gene and promoter methylation of WT1 and GATA5 genes, as predictors of relapses. Conclusions A common clonal origin for the diagnosed relapses was observed and we identified some putative candidate biomarkers of prognosis, relapse risk and treatment response that could guide the development of management strategies for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda P Ribeiro
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
| | - Francisco Marques
- CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal.,Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-075 Portugal.,Stomatology Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, Coimbra, 3000-075 EPE Portugal
| | - Leonor Barroso
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, Coimbra, 3000-075 EPE Portugal
| | - Jorge Miguéis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, Coimbra, EPE Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, IBILI - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
| | - André Santos
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
| | - Maria J Julião
- Department of Pathology, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, Coimbra, 3000-075 EPE Portugal
| | - Joana B Melo
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
| | - Isabel M Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
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27
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Tumour-specific PI3K inhibition via nanoparticle-targeted delivery in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14292. [PMID: 28194032 PMCID: PMC5316830 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the p110α subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα), are frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Inhibitors of PI3Kα show promising activity in various cancer types, but their use is curtailed by dose-limiting side effects such as hyperglycaemia. In the present study, we explore the efficacy, specificity and safety of the targeted delivery of BYL719, a PI3Kα inhibitor currently in clinical development in solid tumours. By encapsulating BYL719 into P-selectin-targeted nanoparticles, we achieve specific accumulation of BYL719 in the tumour milieu. This results in tumour growth inhibition and radiosensitization despite the use of a sevenfold lower dose of BYL719 compared with oral administration. Furthermore, the nanoparticles abrogate acute and chronic metabolic side effects normally observed after BYL719 treatment. These findings offer a novel strategy that could potentially enhance the efficacy of PI3Kα inhibitors while mitigating dose-limiting toxicity in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) often harbour PIK3CA mutations but PI3Kα inhibitors can cause some side effects. Here, the authors develop P-selectin targeted nanoparticles to enhance tumour-specific delivery of a PI3Kα inhibitor to HNSCC PDX and orthotopic xenograft models.
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28
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Feng F, Cheng Q, Yang L, Zhang D, Ji S, Zhang Q, Lin Y, Li F, Xiong L, Liu C, Jiang X. Guidance to rational use of pharmaceuticals in gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma using patient-derived cancer cells and whole exome sequencing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:5349-5360. [PMID: 28029662 PMCID: PMC5354913 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare cancer with no clinical standard treatment. With the rapid development of next generation sequencing, it has been able to provide reasonable treatment options for patients based on genetic variations. However, most cancer drugs are not approval for gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma indications. The correlation between drug response and a genetic variation needs to be further elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Three patient-derived cells-JXQ-3D-001, JXQ-3D-002, and JXQ-3D-003, were derived from biopsy samples of one gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma patient with progression and have been characterized. In order to study the relationship between drug sensitivity and gene alteration, genetic mutations of three patient-derived cells were discovered by whole exome sequencing, and drug screening has been performed based on the gene alterations and related signaling pathways that are associated with drug targets. RESULTS It has been found that there are differences in biological characteristics such as morphology, cell proliferation, cell migration and colony formation activity among these three patient-derived cells although they are derived from the same patient. Their sensitivities to the chemotherapy drugs-Fluorouracil, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin are distinct. Moreover, none of common chemotherapy drugs could inhibit the proliferations of all three patient-derived cells. Comprehensive analysis of their whole exome sequencing demonstrated that tumor-associated genes TP53, AKT2, FGFR3, FGF10, SDHA, and PI3KCA were mutated or amplified. Part of these alterations are actionable. By screening a set of compounds that are associated with the genetic alteration, it has been found that GDC-0941 and PF-04691502 for PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors could dramatically decrease the proliferation of three patient-derived cells. Importantly, expression of phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated S6 were markedly decreased after treatments with PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors GDC-0941 (0.5 μM) and PF-04691502 (0.1 μM) in all three patient-derived cells. These data suggested that inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway that was activated by PIK3CA amplification in all three patient-derived cells could reduce the cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS A patient-derived cell model combined with whole exome sequencing is a powerful tool to elucidate relationship between drug sensitivities and genetic alternations. In these gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma patient-derived cells, it is found that PIK3CA amplification could be used as a biomarker to indicate PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway activation. Block of the pathway may benefit the gallbladder sarcomatoid carcinoma patient with this alternation in hypothesis. The real efficacy needs to be confirmed in vivo or in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiling Feng
- Department of Biliary I, Third Affiliated Hospital of PLA Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingbao Cheng
- Department of Biliary I, Third Affiliated Hospital of PLA Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Biliary I, Third Affiliated Hospital of PLA Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dadong Zhang
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
- Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunlong Ji
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangzu Zhang
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Lin
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Fugen Li
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Division of Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Biliary I, Third Affiliated Hospital of PLA Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Department of Biliary I, Third Affiliated Hospital of PLA Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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29
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Al-Amri AM, Vatte C, Cyrus C, Chathoth S, Hashim TM, Mohamed YS, Al Ali R, Alsaid A, Al Ali A. Novel mutations of PIK3CA gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2016; 16:377-83. [PMID: 26889984 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HNSCC is the sixth most common human cancer globally. In Saudi Arabia, HNSCC accounts for seven percent of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. The PIK3CA is one of the most commonly mutated oncogene in human malignancies, including HNSCC. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify mutations in exon 9 and exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene among Saudi HNSCC patients, determine the frequency of these mutations and correlate with clinical and pathological findings. METHODS Histopathologically confirmed paraffin embedded HNSCC tumor tissues from 48 patients were obtained. Capillary sequencing method was used to sequence exons 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene. Concurrently, the expression analysis of the PIK3CA and PTEN genes were performed using real-time PCR. RESULTS Sixty percent of the samples studied were of pharyngeal cancer. A total of seven mutations were identified in exons 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene in 14 HNSCC tumor tissue specimens. The seven mutations encompassed one hot spot mutation E542K, a common mutation T1025T and the five novel mutation comprising three missense and two silent mutations. Interestingly, eight out of the 14 samples with a mutation were of patients with pharyngeal cancer. CONCLUSION PIK3CA gene plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis in general and HNSCC in particular. The identification of five novel mutations suggest that Saudis may have different frequencies of somatic genetic alterations that may influence HNSCC compared to other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Al-Amri
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chittibabu Vatte
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cyril Cyrus
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahanas Chathoth
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Mohammad Hashim
- Department of Pathology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yehia S Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rudaynah Al Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Alsaid
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, University of Dammam, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amein Al Ali
- Institute for Research & Medical Consultation, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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30
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Michmerhuizen NL, Birkeland AC, Bradford CR, Brenner JC. Genetic determinants in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and their influence on global personalized medicine. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:182-200. [PMID: 27551333 PMCID: PMC4979591 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While sequencing studies have provided an improved understanding of the genetic landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), there remains a significant lack of genetic data derived from non-Caucasian cohorts. Additionally, there is wide variation in HNSCC incidence and mortality worldwide both between and within various geographic regions. These epidemiologic differences are in part accounted for by varying exposure to environmental risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, high risk human papilloma viruses and betel quid. However, inherent genetic factors may also play an important role in this variability. As limited sequencing data is available for many populations, the involvement of unique genetic factors in HNSCC pathogenesis from epidemiologically diverse groups is unknown. Here, we review current knowledge about the epidemiologic, environmental, and genetic variation in HNSCC cohorts globally and discuss future studies necessary to further our understanding of these differences. Long-term, a more complete understanding of the genetic drivers found in diverse HNSCC cohorts may help the development of personalized medicine protocols for patients with rare or complex genetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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31
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Isaacsson Velho PH, Castro G, Chung CH. Targeting the PI3K Pathway in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016:123-8. [PMID: 25993150 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous disease arising from the mucosal epithelia in the head and neck region. The most common risk factors are tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection, particularly in the oropharynx. The HPV-positive HNSCC is biologically and clinically distinct from the HPV-negative HNSCC; however, deregulations within the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are frequent in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC as it is the most frequently altered oncogenic pathway with a gain-of-function in HNSCC. This article reviews the basic biology and clinical data from the trials involving anticancer agents targeting the PI3K pathway in HNSCC. It also discusses the difficulties of translating the preclinical data to tangible clinical efficacy of these agents in patients with HNSCC even when there is significant preclinical data suggesting the PI3K pathway is a promising therapeutic target in HNSCC. We conclude that additional studies to determine appropriate patient selection for the activation of PI3K pathway and to develop targeted agents either as a monotherapy or combination therapy with favorable toxicity profiles are required before a broader clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Isaacsson Velho
- From the Department of Clinical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Surgery-Otolaryngology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gilberto Castro
- From the Department of Clinical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Surgery-Otolaryngology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine H Chung
- From the Department of Clinical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Surgery-Otolaryngology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
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32
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Copy number gain of PIK3CA and MET is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2016; 468:579-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chau NG, Li YY, Jo VY, Rabinowits G, Lorch JH, Tishler RB, Margalit DN, Schoenfeld JD, Annino DJ, Goguen LA, Thomas T, Becker H, Haddad T, Krane JF, Lindeman NI, Shapiro GI, Haddad RI, Hammerman PS. Incorporation of Next-Generation Sequencing into Routine Clinical Care to Direct Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2939-49. [PMID: 26763254 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical impact of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been described. We aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of NGS in the routine care of patients with HNSCC and to correlate genomic alterations with clinical outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Single-center study examining targeted NGS platform used to sequence tumor DNA obtained from 213 HNSCC patients evaluated in outpatient head and neck oncology clinic between August 2011 and December 2014. We correlated tumor genomic profiling results with clinical outcomes. RESULTS PI3K/RTK pathway activation occurred frequently [activating PIK3CA mutation or amplification (13%), PTEN inactivation (3%), RAS activation (6%), EGFR or ERBB2 activation (9%)]. Alterations in pathways affecting cell-cycle regulation [CCND1 amplification (9%), CDKN2A inactivation (17%), BRCA2 inactivation (2%)] and squamous differentiation [NOTCH1 inactivation (8%) andEP300 inactivation (6%)] were identified. PIK3CA amplification (n = 43), not PIK3CA mutation, was associated with significantly poorer progression-free survival (P = 0.0006). Oncogenic RAS mutations (n = 13) were associated with significantly poorer progression-free survival (P = 0.0001) and lower overall survival (P = 0.003). Eight patients with advanced, treatment-refractory HNSCC enrolled on clinical trials matched to tumor profiling results, and 50% achieved a partial response. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of NGS clinical assays into the routine care of patients with HNSCC is feasible and may readily facilitate enrollment into clinical trials of targeted therapy with a higher likelihood of success. Data can be utilized for discovery of genomic biomarkers of outcome. PIK3CA amplification and RAS mutations were frequently identified and associated with poorer prognosis in this cohort. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2939-49. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Chau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vickie Y Jo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guilherme Rabinowits
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jochen H Lorch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roy B Tishler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danielle N Margalit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Don J Annino
- Division of Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura A Goguen
- Division of Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tom Thomas
- Division of Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hailey Becker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jeffrey F Krane
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neal I Lindeman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert I Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Fields AP, Justilien V, Murray NR. The chromosome 3q26 OncCassette: A multigenic driver of human cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2015; 60:47-63. [PMID: 26754874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent copy number variations (CNVs) are genetic alterations commonly observed in human tumors. One of the most frequent CNVs in human tumors involves copy number gains (CNGs) at chromosome 3q26, which is estimated to occur in >20% of human tumors. The high prevalence and frequent occurrence of 3q26 CNG suggest that it drives the biology of tumors harboring this genetic alteration. The chromosomal region subject to CNG (the 3q26 amplicon) spans from chromosome 3q26 to q29, a region containing ∼200 protein-encoding genes. The large number of genes within the amplicon makes it difficult to identify relevant oncogenic target(s). Whereas a number of genes in this region have been linked to the transformed phenotype, recent studies indicate a high level of cooperativity among a subset of frequently amplified 3q26 genes. Here we use a novel bioinformatics approach to identify potential driver genes within the recurrent 3q26 amplicon in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Our analysis reveals a set of 35 3q26 amplicon genes that are coordinately amplified and overexpressed in human LSCC tumors, and that also map to a major LSCC susceptibility locus identified on mouse chromosome 3 that is syntenic with human chromosome 3q26. Pathway analysis reveals that 21 of these genes exist within a single predicted network module. Four 3q26 genes, SOX2, ECT2, PRKCI and PI3KCA occupy the hub of this network module and serve as nodal genes around which the network is organized. Integration of available genetic, genomic, biochemical and functional data demonstrates that SOX2, ECT2, PRKCI and PIK3CA are cooperating oncogenes that function within an integrated cell signaling network that drives a highly aggressive, stem-like phenotype in LSCC tumors harboring 3q26 amplification. Based on the high level of genomic, genetic, biochemical and functional integration amongst these 4 3q26 nodal genes, we propose that they are the key oncogenic targets of the 3q26 amplicon and together define a "3q26 OncCassette" that mediates 3q26 CNG-driven tumorigenesis. Genomic analysis indicates that the 3q26 OncCassette also operates in other major tumor types that exhibit frequent 3q26 CNGs, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), ovarian serous cancer and cervical cancer. Finally, we discuss how the 3q26 OncCassette represents a tractable target for development of novel therapeutic intervention strategies that hold promise for improving treatment of 3q26-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Nicole R Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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Isaacsson Velho PH, Castro G, Chung CH. Novel Targeted Agents in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2015; 29:993-1009. [PMID: 26568544 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Based on currently available genomic data, most head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have few targetable aberrations and immediate clinical translation is challenging. However, potential therapeutic agents listed in this article need to be thoroughly evaluated because there are compelling scientific rationales supporting their development. Concerted effort is required to identify better predictive biomarkers of clinical benefit and improve the therapeutic index. Clinicians need to better understand resistance mechanisms, generate novel hypotheses for appropriate combination regimens and dosing schedules, develop more accurate model systems, and conduct innovative clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Isaacsson Velho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Castro
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street CRB-2 Room 546, Baltimore, MD 21287-0014, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street CRB-2 Room 546, Baltimore, MD 21287-0014, USA.
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Genetic alterations of the PIK3CA oncogene in human oral squamous cell carcinoma in an Indian population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120:628-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Genomic-Wide Analysis with Microarrays in Human Oncology. MICROARRAYS 2015; 4:454-73. [PMID: 27600234 PMCID: PMC4996403 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays4040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA microarray technologies have advanced rapidly and had a profound impact on examining gene expression on a genomic scale in research. This review discusses the history and development of microarray and DNA chip devices, and specific microarrays are described along with their methods and applications. In particular, microarrays have detected many novel cancer-related genes by comparing cancer tissues and non-cancerous tissues in oncological research. Recently, new methods have been in development, such as the double-combination array and triple-combination array, which allow more effective analysis of gene expression and epigenetic changes. Analysis of gene expression alterations in precancerous regions compared with normal regions and array analysis in drug-resistance cancer tissues are also successfully performed. Compared with next-generation sequencing, a similar method of genome analysis, several important differences distinguish these techniques and their applications. Development of novel microarray technologies is expected to contribute to further cancer research.
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Elkabets M, Pazarentzos E, Juric D, Sheng Q, Pelossof RA, Brook S, Benzaken AO, Rodon J, Morse N, Yan JJ, Liu M, Das R, Chen Y, Tam A, Wang H, Liang J, Gurski JM, Kerr DA, Rosell R, Teixidó C, Huang A, Ghossein RA, Rosen N, Bivona TG, Scaltriti M, Baselga J. AXL mediates resistance to PI3Kα inhibition by activating the EGFR/PKC/mTOR axis in head and neck and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Cell 2015; 27:533-46. [PMID: 25873175 PMCID: PMC4398915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-α inhibitors have shown clinical activity in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of head and neck (H&N) bearing PIK3CA mutations or amplification. Studying models of therapeutic resistance, we have observed that SCC cells that become refractory to PI3Kα inhibition maintain PI3K-independent activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). This persistent mTOR activation is mediated by the tyrosine kinase receptor AXL. AXL is overexpressed in resistant tumors from both laboratory models and patients treated with the PI3Kα inhibitor BYL719. AXL dimerizes with and phosphorylates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), resulting in activation of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ)-protein kinase C (PKC), which, in turn, activates mTOR. Combined treatment with PI3Kα and either EGFR, AXL, or PKC inhibitors reverts this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Elkabets
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Evangelos Pazarentzos
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Qing Sheng
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raphael A Pelossof
- Computation Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Samuel Brook
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ana Oaknin Benzaken
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Pg Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Pg Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Natasha Morse
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jenny Jiacheng Yan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Manway Liu
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rita Das
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Angela Tam
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinsheng Liang
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph M Gurski
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Darcy A Kerr
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Ctra Canyet s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain; Pangaea Biotech SL, Laboratorio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario Quirón Dexeus, C/ Sabino Arana 5-19, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Teixidó
- Pangaea Biotech SL, Laboratorio de Oncología, Hospital Universitario Quirón Dexeus, C/ Sabino Arana 5-19, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan Huang
- Oncology Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ronald A Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neal Rosen
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - José Baselga
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program (HOPP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 20, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Lee H, Lee JH, Kim DK, Choi IJ, Hwang I, Kang YN, Kim S. PIK3CA Amplification Is Common in Left Side-Tubular Adenomas but Uncommon Sessile Serrated Adenomas Exclusively with KRAS Mutation. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:349-53. [PMID: 26019684 PMCID: PMC4445015 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disorder than arises via multiple distinct pathways, from tubular adenomas (TAs) and sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs), which are clinically, morphologically, and molecularly different. We examined PIK3CA amplification in colorectal precancerous legions, including TAs and SSAs. DNA was isolated from paired normal and tumoral tissues in 64 TAs and 32 SSAs. PIK3CA amplification, KRAS mutation, and BRAF mutation were analyzed by real-time PCR and pyrosequencing. PIK3CA amplification was found in 25% of TAs and 9.4% of SSAs, respectively. KRAS and BRAF mutations were mutually exclusive in both TAs and SSAs. In TAs, PIK3CA amplification was associated with left side and it was mutually exclusive with KRAS mutation. These results suggest that PIK3CA amplification may be early and important event in colorectal carcinogenesis and may drive the development of left-side TAs independently with KRAS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsu Lee
- 1. Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- 1. Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine
| | - Dae-Kwang Kim
- 2. Department of Medical Genetics, Keimyung University School of Medicine; ; 3. Hanvit Institute for Medical Genetics
| | - In-Jang Choi
- 1. Department of Anatomy, Keimyung University School of Medicine
| | - Ilseon Hwang
- 4. Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine
| | - Yu-Na Kang
- 4. Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine
| | - Shin Kim
- 5. Department of Immunology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 2800, Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Ku BM, Jung HA, Sun JM, Ko YH, Jeong HS, Son YI, Baek CH, Park K, Ahn MJ. High-throughput profiling identifies clinically actionable mutations in salivary duct carcinoma. J Transl Med 2014; 12:299. [PMID: 25343854 PMCID: PMC4216375 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a highly aggressive subtype of salivary gland cancers and there is no established standard therapy for this disease. Thus, development of molecular markers for SDC will be important to guide the diagnosis and therapy of this aggressive tumor. Methods We performed next-generation sequencing using the Ion Torrent AmpliSeq cancer panel, which explores the mutational status of hotspot regions in 50 cancer-associated genes, and we analyzed copy number variations (CNVs) of 21 genes by NanoString nCounter for 37 patients with SDC. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was also conducted to confirm ERBB2 gene amplification. Clinical records and tumor histopathology of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results Genetic alterations were detected in 29 of 37 (78.3%) tumors, including mutations in PIK3CA (N = 9, 24.3%), ERBB2 (N = 4, 10.8%), and EGFR (N = 4, 10.8%). To our knowledge, this is the first time that ERBB2 mutations have been reported in this tumor type. Both PIK3CA and ERBB2 mutation status were associated with poor overall survival, but without statistical significance. ERBB2 amplification was strong and common in SDC and almost all cases also exhibited EGFR and ERBB3 amplifications. Conclusions This study reports the largest and most comprehensive analysis of DNA aberrations in SDC. Our results show that PIK3CA and/or ERBB2 alterations in the development of SDC might be a useful diagnostic tool and could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Gollin SM. Cytogenetic alterations and their molecular genetic correlates in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a next generation window to the biology of disease. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:972-90. [PMID: 25183546 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic alterations underlie the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), whether tobacco and alcohol use, betel nut chewing, snuff or human papillomavirus (HPV) causes the disease. Many of the molecular genetic aberrations in HNSCC result from these cytogenetic alterations. This review presents a brief introduction to the epidemiology of HNSCC, and discusses the role of HPV in the disease, cytogenetic alterations and their frequencies in HNSCC, their molecular genetic and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) correlates, prognostic implications, and possible therapeutic considerations. The most frequent cytogenetic alterations in HNSCC are gains of 5p14-15, 8q11-12, and 20q12-13, gains or amplifications of 3q26, 7p11, 8q24, and 11q13, and losses of 3p, 4q35, 5q12, 8p23, 9p21-24, 11q14-23, 13q12-14, 18q23, and 21q22. To understand their effects on tumor cell biology and response to therapy, the cytogenetic findings in HNSCC are increasingly being examined in the context of the biochemical pathways they disrupt. The goal is to minimize morbidity and mortality from HNSCC using cytogenetic abnormalities to identify valuable diagnostic biomarkers for HNSCC, prognostic biomarkers of tumor behavior, recurrence risk, and outcome, and predictive biomarkers of therapeutic response to identify the most efficacious treatment for each individual patient's tumor, all based on a detailed understanding of the next generation biology of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Gollin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
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Zhang P, Mirani N, Baisre A, Fernandes H. Molecular Heterogeneity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Defined by Next-Generation Sequencing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1323-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Polanska H, Raudenska M, Gumulec J, Sztalmachova M, Adam V, Kizek R, Masarik M. Clinical significance of head and neck squamous cell cancer biomarkers. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vander Broek R, Mohan S, Eytan DF, Chen Z, Van Waes C. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in head and neck cancer: functions, aberrations, cross-talk, and therapies. Oral Dis 2013; 21:815-25. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Vander Broek
- Tumor Biology Section; Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Medical Research Scholars Program; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- School of Dentistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - S Mohan
- Tumor Biology Section; Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Medical Research Scholars Program; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - DF Eytan
- Tumor Biology Section; Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
- Medical Research Scholars Program; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Z Chen
- Tumor Biology Section; Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - C Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section; Head and Neck Surgery Branch; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
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PIK3CA, HRAS and PTEN in human papillomavirus positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:602. [PMID: 24341335 PMCID: PMC3878565 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent genomic evidence suggests frequent phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Mutations/amplification of the gene encoding p110α catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3CA), loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and HRAS mutations are known to activate PI3K pathway. Methods and results PIK3CA mutations were identified by Sanger sequencing in 23 of 75 (31%) HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinomas, including exon 9 (p.E545K [n = 10] and p.E542K [n = 5]) or exon 20 (p.H1047Y, n = 2) mutations. Five rare and one novel (p.R537Q) PIK3CA mutations were identified. HRAS mutation (p.Q61L) was detected in 1 of 62 tested cases. PIK3CA amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was identified in 4 cases (4/21, 20%), while PTEN loss was seen in 7 (7/21, 33%) cases (chromosome 10 monosomy [n = 4], homozygous deletion [n = 3]). Conclusions Overall, genetic alterations that likely lead to PI3K pathway activation were identified in 34 of 75 cases (45%) and did not correlate with disease specific survival. These findings offer a molecular rationale for therapeutic targeting of PI3K pathway in patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma.
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Jiang G, Huang Z, Zhang S, Wang L. PIK3CAGene Mutations and Amplifications in Chinese Patients With Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:639-44. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.853075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Jiang
- 1School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Klempner SJ, Myers AP, Cantley LC. What a tangled web we weave: emerging resistance mechanisms to inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:1345-54. [PMID: 24265156 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is one of the most frequently mutated pathways in cancer, and is actively being pursued as a therapeutic target. Despite the importance of the PI3K pathway in cancer, durable responses to PI3K pathway-targeted therapies are uncommon with monotherapy. Several in vitro and xenograft models have elucidated compensatory signaling and genomic changes which may limit the therapeutic effectiveness of PI3K inhibitors in the clinic. Future clinical trials with prospective evaluation of tumor signaling and genomic changes are likely to identify novel resistance mechanisms as well as subsets of patients who may derive maximal benefit from PI3K pathway inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE There are multiple ongoing clinical trials targeting the PI3K pathway members in several malignancies. This review summarizes the known mechanisms of resistance to targeting the PI3K pathway. Understanding of resistance mechanisms will help to inform more rational clinical trial design to optimize the clinical impact of targeting the PI3K pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Klempner
- 1Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California; 2Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; 3Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; and 4Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Genetic deregulation of the PIK3CA oncogene in oral cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 338:193-203. [PMID: 23597702 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is one of the most commonly deregulated pathways in human cancers. PI3K comprises a catalytic (p110α) and regulatory subunit (p85), and p110α is encoded by the PIK3CA gene. Here, we summarize the known genetic alterations, including amplifications and mutations, of the PIK3CA oncogene in oral cancer. We discuss in detail PIK3CA mutations and their mutual exclusivity with pathway genes in addition to the incidence of PIK3CA mutations in relation to ethnicity. We describe the constitutive activation of PI3K signaling, oncogenicity, and the genetic deregulation of the PIK3CA gene and its association with oral cancer disease stage. We emphasize the importance of therapeutically targeting the genetically deregulated PIK3CA oncogene and its signaling. We also discuss the implications of targeting Akt and/or mTOR, which are the downstream effectors of PI3K that may possibly pave the way for molecular therapeutic targets for PIK3CA-driven oral carcinogenesis. Furthermore, this critical review provides a complete picture of the PIK3CA oncogene and its deregulation in oral cancer, which may facilitate early diagnosis and improve prognosis through personalized molecular targeted therapy in oral cancer.
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Hunt JL, Barnes L, Lewis JS, Mahfouz ME, Slootweg PJ, Thompson LDR, Cardesa A, Devaney KO, Gnepp DR, Westra WH, Rodrigo JP, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Triantafyllou A, Takes RP, Ferlito A. Molecular diagnostic alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and potential diagnostic applications. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:211-23. [PMID: 23467835 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that continues to be difficult to treat and cure. In many organ systems and tumor types, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the molecular basis for tumorigenesis, disease progression and genetic implications for therapeutics. Although tumorigenesis pathways and the molecular etiologies of HNSCC have been extensively studied, there are still very few diagnostic clinical applications used in practice today. This review discusses current clinically applicable molecular markers, including viral detection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus, and molecular targets that are used in diagnosis and management of HNSCC. The common oncogenes EGFR, RAS, CCND1, BRAF, and PIK3CA and tumor suppressor genes p53, CDKN2A and NOTCH are discussed for their associations with HNSCC. Discussion of markers with potential future applications is also included, with a focus on molecular alterations associated with targeted therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hunt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas, USA
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Giudice FS, Squarize CH. The determinants of head and neck cancer: Unmasking the PI3K pathway mutations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 5. [PMID: 25126449 DOI: 10.4172/2157-2518.s5-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies attempting to identify and understand the function of mutated genes and deregulated molecular pathways in cancer have been ongoing for many years. The PI3K-PTEN-mTOR signaling pathway is one of the most frequently deregulated pathways in cancer. PIK3CA mutations are found 11%-33% of head and neck cancer (HNC). The hotspot mutation sites for PIK3CA are E542K, E545K and H1047R/L. The PTEN somatic mutations are in 9-23% of HNC, and they frequently cluster in the phosphatase domain of PTEN protein. PTEN loss of heterozygosity (LOH) ranges from 41%-71% and loss of PTEN protein expression occurs in 31.2% of the HNC samples. PIK3CA and PTEN are key molecules in the PI3K-PTEN-mTOR signaling pathway. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of mutations in the PI3K-PTEN-mTOR molecular circuitry in HNC, including PI3K family members, TSC1/TSC2, PTEN, AKT, and mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes. We discussed how these genetic alterations may affect protein structure and function. We also highlight the latest discoveries in protein kinase and tumor suppressor families, emphasizing how mutations in these families interfere with PI3K signaling. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer formation, progression and resistance to therapy will inform selection of novel genomic-based personalized therapies for head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Giudice
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1078, USA ; International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane H Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1078, USA
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