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Jia Z, Huang Y, Liu J, Liu G, Li J, Xu H, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Wang Y, Chen G, Qiao G, Li Y. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with female breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese population. Gene 2023; 884:147676. [PMID: 37524136 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease influenced by both external and internal factors, among which genetic factors play a critical role. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are major contributors to the heritability of breast cancer, and their frequencies vary across ethnic groups. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between 34 SNPs identified in previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and overall breast cancer risk, as well as breast cancer subtypes, in the Chinese female population. To accomplish this, we conducted an extensive association analysis using the high-throughput Sequenom MassARRAY® platform in a case-control study comprising 1848 breast cancer patients and 709 healthy controls. Our analysis, which utilized the SNPassoc package in R based on chi-squared (χ2) test and genetic model analysis, identified significant associations between breast cancer risk and SNP rs12493607 (TGFBR2, risk allele C, OR = 1.28 [1.11-1.47], P = 0.0005), as well as a less conservatively significant association with rs4784227 (CASC16, risk allele T, OR = 1.24 [1.08-1.42], P = 0.0017) and rs2046210 (ESR1, risk allele A, OR = 1.50 [1.16-1.95], P = 0.0016). Furthermore, our stratified analyses revealed that rs12493607 was significantly associated with invasive carcinoma, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, progesterone receptor (PR)-positive, HER2-negative, and young (aged younger than 45) breast cancer. SNP rs4784227 and rs3803662 (CASC16) were associated with invasive carcinoma and ER-positive breast cancer, while rs2046210 was linked to ductal carcinoma in situ, ER-negative, PR-negative, HER2-positive, and elder (aged more than 45) breast cancers. SNPs rs10484919 (ESR1) and rs1038304 (CCDC170) showed links to HER2-positive breast cancer, and rs616488 (PEX14) with premenopausal breast cancer. In summary, our study shed light on the relationship between SNPs and breast cancer susceptibility within a vast Chinese cohort, supporting the development of polygenetic risk scores for the Chinese population. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of breast cancer and have important implications for risk prediction, early detection, and personalized treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Jia
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yansong Huang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yiwen Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Guangdong Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China.
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Reynisdottir I, Arason A, Freysteinsdottir ES, Kristjansdottir SB, Hilmarsdottir B, Traustadottir GA, Johannsson OT, Agnarsson BA, Barkardottir RB. High Atlastin 2-2 (ATL2-2) Expression Associates with Worse Prognosis in Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1559. [PMID: 37628611 PMCID: PMC10454310 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis occurs in many human diseases. Atlastins (ATLs) maintain the branched network of the ER. The dysregulation of ATL2, located at ER network junctions, has been associated with cancer. ATL2 is necessary for lipid droplet formation in murine breast tissue. Thus, we analyzed whether ATL2 has a role in human breast cancer (BC) pathology. The expression of ATL2 variant ATL2-2 was analyzed in breast tumors from the BC cohorts of the TCGA, METABRIC, and two independent Icelandic cohorts, Cohort 1 and 2; its association with clinical, pathological, survival, and cellular pathways was explored. ATL2-2 mRNA and protein expression were higher in breast tumors than in normal tissue. ATL2-2 mRNA associated with tumor characteristics that indicate a worse prognosis. In METABRIC, high ATL2-2 mRNA levels were associated with shorter BC-specific survival (BCSS) in patients with estrogen-receptor-positive luminal breast tumors, which remained significant after correction for grade and tumor size (HR 1.334, CI 1.063-1.673). Tumors with high ATL2 mRNA showed an upregulation of hallmark pathways MYC targets v1, E2F targets, and G2M checkpoint genes. Taken together, the results suggest that high levels of ATL2-2 may support BC progression through key cancer driver pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Reynisdottir
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- BMC (Biomedical Center), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (A.A.); (B.H.); (G.A.T.); (R.B.B.)
| | - Adalgeir Arason
- BMC (Biomedical Center), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (A.A.); (B.H.); (G.A.T.); (R.B.B.)
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Edda S. Freysteinsdottir
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Sigrun B. Kristjansdottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.B.K.); (B.A.A.)
| | - Bylgja Hilmarsdottir
- BMC (Biomedical Center), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (A.A.); (B.H.); (G.A.T.); (R.B.B.)
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Gunnhildur A. Traustadottir
- BMC (Biomedical Center), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (A.A.); (B.H.); (G.A.T.); (R.B.B.)
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Oskar T. Johannsson
- Department of Oncology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Bjarni A. Agnarsson
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.B.K.); (B.A.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rosa B. Barkardottir
- BMC (Biomedical Center), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (A.A.); (B.H.); (G.A.T.); (R.B.B.)
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;
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Yang W, Wu W, Liang H, Chen J, Dong X. TOX3 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer by downregulating RhoB via the activation of MAPK pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1074-1088. [PMID: 35347804 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006P.R.China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated hospital of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225000P.R.China
| | - Hailiang Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated hospital of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225000P.R.China
| | - Jiejing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The affiliated hospital of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225000P.R.China
| | - Xiaoqiang Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou215006P.R.China
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Amirfallah A, Knutsdottir H, Arason A, Hilmarsdottir B, Johannsson OT, Agnarsson BA, Barkardottir RB, Reynisdottir I. Hsa-miR-21-3p associates with breast cancer patient survival and targets genes in tumor suppressive pathways. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260327. [PMID: 34797887 PMCID: PMC8604322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the cancer most often diagnosed in women. MicroRNAs (MIRs) are short RNA molecules that bind mRNA resulting in their downregulation. MIR21 has been shown to be an oncomiR in most cancer types, including breast cancer. Most of the effects of miR-21 have been attributed to hsa-miR-21-5p that is transcribed from the leading strand of MIR21, but hsa-miR-21-3p (miR-21-3p), transcribed from the lagging strand, is much less studied. The aim of the study is to analyze whether expression of miR-21-3p is prognostic for breast cancer. MiR-21-3p association with survival, clinical and pathological characteristics was analyzed in a large breast cancer cohort and validated in three separate cohorts, including TCGA and METABRIC. Analytical tools were also used to infer miR-21-3p function and to identify potential target genes and functional pathways. The results showed that in the exploration cohort, high miR-21-3p levels associated with shorter survival and lymph node positivity. In the three validation cohorts, high miR-21-3p levels associated with pathological characteristics that predict worse prognosis. Specifically, in the largest validation cohort, METABRIC (n = 1174), high miR-21-3p levels associated with large tumors, a high grade, lymph node and HER2 positivity, and shorter breast-cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.38, CI 1.13–1.68). This association remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors. The genes with expression levels that correlated with miR-21-3p were enriched in particular pathways, including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and proliferation. Among the most significantly downregulated targets were MAT2A and the tumor suppressive genes STARD13 and ZNF132. The results from this study emphasize that both 3p- and 5p-arms from a MIR warrant independent study. The data show that miR-21-3p overexpression in breast tumors is a marker of worse breast cancer progression and it affects genes in pathways that drive breast cancer by down-regulating tumor suppressor genes. The results suggest miR-21-3p as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Amirfallah
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hildur Knutsdottir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adalgeir Arason
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bylgja Hilmarsdottir
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Oskar T. Johannsson
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni A. Agnarsson
- Department of Oncology, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rosa B. Barkardottir
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Inga Reynisdottir
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pathology, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail:
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El-Shafie MK, Allah AMA, Alhanafy AM, Rizk SK, Habieb MSED. The association between tri-nucleotide-repeat containing 9 (TNRC9) /LOC643714 genetic variations and breast cancer in Egyptian females. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Amirfallah A, Arason A, Einarsson H, Gudmundsdottir ET, Freysteinsdottir ES, Olafsdottir KA, Johannsson OT, Agnarsson BA, Barkardottir RB, Reynisdottir I. High expression of the vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) is a potential marker of poor prognosis in HER2 positive breast cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221413. [PMID: 31442252 PMCID: PMC6707546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fusion genes result from genomic structural changes, which can lead to alterations in gene expression that supports tumor development. The aim of the study was to use fusion genes as a tool to identify new breast cancer (BC) genes with a role in BC progression. Methods Fusion genes from breast tumors and BC cell lines were collected from publications. RNA-Seq data from tumors and cell lines were retrieved from databanks and analyzed for fusions with SOAPfuse or the analysis was purchased. Fusion genes identified in both tumors (n = 1724) and cell lines (n = 45) were confirmed by qRT-PCR and sequencing. Their individual genes were ranked by selection criteria that included correlation of their mRNA level with copy number. The expression of the top ranked gene was measured by qRT-PCR in normal tissue and in breast tumors from an exploratory cohort (n = 141) and a validation cohort (n = 277). Expression levels were correlated with clinical and pathological factors as well as the patients’ survival. The results were followed up in BC cohorts from TCGA (n = 818) and METABRIC (n = 2509). Results Vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) was the most promising candidate based on specific selection criteria. Its expression was higher in breast tumor tissue than normal tissue (p = 1x10-4), and its expression was significantly higher in HER2 positive than HER2 negative breast tumors in all four cohorts analyzed. High expression of VMP1 associated with breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) in cohort 1 (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.31, CI 1.27–4.18) and METABRIC (HR = 1.26, CI 1.02–1.57), and also after adjusting for HER2 expression in cohort 1 (HR = 2.03, CI 1.10–3.72). BCSS was not significant in cohort 2 or TCGA cohort, which may be due to differences in treatment regimens. Conclusions The results suggest that high VMP1 expression is a potential marker of poor prognosis in HER2 positive BC. Further studies are needed to elucidate how VMP1 could affect pathways supportive of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Amirfallah
- Cell Biology Unit at the Pathology Department, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Adalgeir Arason
- The Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Molecular Pathology Unit at the Pathology Department, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hjorleifur Einarsson
- Cell Biology Unit at the Pathology Department, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eydis Thorunn Gudmundsdottir
- Cell Biology Unit at the Pathology Department, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Edda Sigridur Freysteinsdottir
- Molecular Pathology Unit at the Pathology Department, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Oskar Thor Johannsson
- Department of Oncology, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni Agnar Agnarsson
- Pathology Department, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rosa Bjork Barkardottir
- The Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Molecular Pathology Unit at the Pathology Department, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Inga Reynisdottir
- Cell Biology Unit at the Pathology Department, Landspitali–The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail:
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Tajbakhsh A, Farjami Z, Darroudi S, Ayati SH, Vakili F, Asghari M, Alimardani M, Abedini S, Kushyar MM, Pasdar A. Association of rs4784227-CASC16 (LOC643714 locus) and rs4782447-ACSF3 polymorphisms and their association with breast cancer risk among Iranian population. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:429-438. [PMID: 31338012 PMCID: PMC6635718 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TOX3 and FOXA1 proteins are believed to be involved in the susceptibility of breast cancer. rs4784227-CASC16 and rs4782447-ACSF3, as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located at the 16q may affect the FOXA1 DNA binding sequence change and therefore may enhance the FOXA1-binding affinity to the promoter of TOX3 gene. This study aimed to investigate the association of these SNPs/haplotypes with breast cancer susceptibility in an Iranian population. We conducted a case-control study of 1072 blood samples (505 breast cancer patients and 567 controls). Genotyping of rs4784227-CASC16 and rs4782447-ACSF3 SNPs was carried out by ARMS-PCR. Moreover, statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), PHASE v 2.1 and SNP analyser 2.0. There was a strongly significant statistical association between alleles and genotypes of rs4784227-CASC16 with breast cancer risk in our study population (p<0.05). Moreover, a significant association was demonstrated between TA haplotype and breast cancer risk (OR=0.78; 95% CI (0.62-0.96); P-value=0.025). In this respect, although we did not observe a statistically significant association between rs4782447-ACSF3 with breast cancer susceptibility, the combination of the effects of rs4784227-CASC16 and rs4782447-ACSF3 SNPs may also affect the risk. This is in line with other studies suggesting these SNPs as risk-associated polymorphisms which may lead to a change in the affinity of FOXA1, as a distal enhancer, to TOX3 and thus change in TOX3 expression, which can eventually affect the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Farjami
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Susan Darroudi
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hasan Ayati
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Vakili
- Midwifery department, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Asghari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Alimardani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheila Abedini
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Kushyar
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
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Rath M, Li Q, Li H, Lindström S, Miron A, Miron P, Dowton AE, Meyer ME, Larson BG, Pomerantz M, Seo JH, Collins LC, Vardeh H, Brachtel E, Come SE, Borges V, Schapira L, Tamimi RM, Partridge AH, Freedman M, Ruddy KJ. Evaluation of significant genome-wide association studies risk - SNPs in young breast cancer patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216997. [PMID: 31125336 PMCID: PMC6534300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Genome-wide-association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Most of these studies were conducted primarily in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Therefore, we set out to assess whether or not these breast cancer variants are also associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer in young premenopausal patients. Methods In 451 women of European ancestry who had prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study for women diagnosed with breast cancer at or under age 40, we genotyped 44 SNPs that were previously associated with breast cancer risk. A control group was comprised of 1142 postmenopausal healthy women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS). We assessed if the frequencies of the adequately genotyped SNPs differed significantly (p≤0.05) between the cohort of young breast cancer patients and postmenopausal controls, and then we corrected for multiple testing. Results Genotyping of the controls or cases was inadequate for comparisons between the groups for seven of the 44 SNPs. 9 of the remaining 37 were associated with breast cancer risk in young women with a p-value <0.05: rs10510102, rs1219648, rs13387042, rs1876206, rs2936870, rs2981579, rs3734805, rs3803662 and rs4973768. The directions of these associations were consistent with those in postmenopausal women. However, after correction for multiple testing (Benjamini Hochberg) none of the results remained statistically significant. Conclusion After correction for multiple testing, none of the alleles for postmenopausal breast cancer were clearly associated with risk of premenopausal breast cancer in this relatively small study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rath
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip, Shanghai Biochip Limited Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biochip, Shanghai Biochip Limited Corporation, Shanghai, China
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Alexander Miron
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Penelope Miron
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Dowton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
| | - Meghan E. Meyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
| | - Bryce G. Larson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
| | - Mark Pomerantz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
| | - Laura C. Collins
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Hilde Vardeh
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Elena Brachtel
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Come
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Virginia Borges
- University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, United States of America
| | - Lidia Schapira
- Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, United States of America
| | - Rulla M. Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ann H. Partridge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
| | - Matthew Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kathryn J. Ruddy
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Significant association of TOX3/LOC643714 locus-rs3803662 and breast cancer risk in a cohort of Iranian population. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:805-811. [PMID: 30515698 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies normally focus on low penetrance and moderate to high-frequency single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which lead to genetic susceptibility to breast cancer. In this regard, the T allele of rs3803662 has been associated with breast cancer risk and with lower expression level of TOX3. We aimed to assess the risk of breast cancer associated with this polymorphism in an Iranian population. Using Tetra Primer ARMS PCR, rs3803662 was analyzed in a total of 943 individuals (430 cases and 513 healthy controls form North East of Iran). Allele frequencies and genotype distribution were analyzed in case and control samples to find out any association using the Chi-squared test and Logistic regression. All cases were pathologically confirmed; all controls were mainly healthy individuals. Genotype frequencies were found to be in agreement with HWE in controls and cases. TOX3-rs3803662 SNP was associated with breast cancer risk in our study (T vs. C allele contrast model: OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12-1.64, Pvalue = 0.002; TT vs. CT + TT dominant model: OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51-0.87, Pvalue = 0.003; TT vs. CT + CC recessive model: OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.02-2.30, Pvlue = 0.036). Moreover, after adjusting for age, BMI, history of previous cancer and also family history of cancer, all results, except for the recessive model, were remained significant. TOX3-rs3803662, may confer some degrees of risk of breast cancer in Iranian population. This finding is in line with similar results in other populations. It highlights the importance of TOX3 pathway in tumorigenesis.
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Liao J, Chen Y, Zhu J, Wang Q, Mo Z. Polymorphisms in the TOX3/LOC643714 and risk of breast cancer in south China. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:1724600818755633. [PMID: 29683073 DOI: 10.1177/1724600818755633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the most widespread cancer in women, with a high mortality rate. This study aims to assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LOC643714 (rs12922061) and TOX3 (rs3803662) and breast cancer, as well as the clinical characteristics of tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 104 breast cancer patients and 118 healthy controls were recruited to our study. The genotyping was performed by the SNP scan method. General characteristics, the clinical characteristics of tumors and reproductive factors were included in the analysis. Statistical tests included the Student t-test, the Chi-square test (X2) or Fisher's exact test, and unconditional logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictive role of rs12922061 in breast cancer. RESULTS The LOC643714 polymorphism was a risk factor for breast cancer under a dominant model (TT+TC vs. CC: OR 1.801; 95% CI 1.048, 3.095; statistical power=60%), recessive model (TT vs. TC + CC: OR 4.297; 95% CI 1.164, 15.867; statistical power=64%) and log-additive (TT vs. CC: OR 5.163; 95% CI 1.368, 19.485; statistical power= 73%). Furthermore, the rs12922061 polymorphism was associated with menopause status in patients ( P=0.005). No statistically significant association was found between the rs3803662 polymorphism and breast cancer in patients or healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that rs12922061 of LOC643714 was related to breast cancer risk. With a limited sample size and statistical power, further multi-center studies are needed to confirm the influence of the LOC643714 polymorphisms on breast cancer based on larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Liao
- 1 Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 3 Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 4 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yang Chen
- 1 Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 3 Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 4 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 5 Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- 1 Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 3 Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 4 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 5 Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- 1 Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 3 Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 4 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- 1 Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 3 Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 4 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- 5 Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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11
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Jiang C, Yu S, Qian P, Guo R, Zhang R, Ao Z, Li Q, Wu G, Chen Y, Li J, Wang C, Yao W, Xu J, Qian G, Ji F. The breast cancer susceptibility-related polymorphisms at the TOX3/LOC643714 locus associated with lung cancer risk in a Han Chinese population. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59742-59753. [PMID: 27486757 PMCID: PMC5312345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that besides environmental factors, genetic factors are also associated with lung cancer risk. However, to date, the prior identified genetic variants and loci only explain a small fraction of the familial risk of lung cancer. Hence it is vital to investigate the remaining missing heritability to understand the development and process of lung cancer. In the study, to test our hypothesis that the previously identified breast cancer risk-associated genetic polymorphisms at the TOX3/LOC643714 locus might contribute to lung cancer risk, 16 SNPs at the TOX3/LOC643714 locus were evaluated in a Han Chinese population based on a case-control study. Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test revealed that rs9933638, rs12443621, and rs3104746 were significantly associated with lung cancer risk (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.005, respectively). Logistic regression analyses displayed that lung cancer risk of individuals with rs9933638(GG+GA) were 1.89 times higher than that of rs9933638AA carriers (OR = 1.893, 95% CI = 1.308-2.741, P = 0.001). Similar findings were manifested for rs12443621 (OR = 1.824, 95% CI = 1.272-2.616, P = 0.001, rs12443621(GG+GA) carriers vs. rs12443621AA carriers) and rs3104746 (OR = 1.665, 95% CI = 1.243-2.230, P = 0.001, rs3104746TT carriers vs. rs3104746(TA+AA) carriers). The study discovered for the first time that three SNPs (rs9933638, rs12443621, and rs3104746) at the TOX3/LOC643714 locus contributed to lung cancer risk, providing new evidences that lung cancer and breast cancer are linked at the molecular and genetic level to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Jiang
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Shilong Yu
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Pin Qian
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ruiling Guo
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, 324th Hospital of People's Liberation Army (No.324 Hospital of PLA), Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhi Ao
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Guoming Wu
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Changzheng Wang
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiancheng Xu
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Guisheng Qian
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Fuyun Ji
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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12
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Sadik CD, Bischof J, van Beek N, Dieterich A, Benoit S, Sárdy M, Worm M, Meller S, Gläser R, Zillikens D, Homey B, Setterfield J, Minassian D, Schmidt E, Dart J, Ibrahim SM. Genomewide association study identifies GALC
as susceptibility gene for mucous membrane pemphigoid. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1214-1220. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian D. Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Julia Bischof
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Nina van Beek
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Anabelle Dieterich
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Sandrine Benoit
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; University Hospital Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Miklós Sárdy
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Ludwig Maximilian University; Munich Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology; Charité; Berlin Germany
| | - Stephan Meller
- Department of Dermatology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Regine Gläser
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergy; Christian Albrechts University zu Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology; Heinrich Heine University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Jane Setterfield
- Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London; London UK
| | | | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - John Dart
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology; London UK
| | - Saleh M. Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
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13
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Zhang J, Wei B, Hu H, Liu F, Tu Y, He F. The association between differentially expressed micro RNAs in breast cancer cell lines and the micro RNA-205 gene polymorphism in breast cancer tissue. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2139-2146. [PMID: 29434917 PMCID: PMC5776920 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro (mi)RNAs are an endogenous non-coding small RNA comprised of 19–26 nucleotides. miRNAs regulate gene expression through the recognition of its ‘seed sequence’ and interactions with 3′-untranslated region of target miRNAs. Previous studies identified that miRNAs are associated with the onset and development of breast cancer and that a number of mutations in the coding DNA sequence of miRNAs affect its expression. Therefore, the present study aimed to screen differentially expressed miRNAs using miRNA expression profile chips to analyze the expression of miRNA (miR)-205 in 12 breast cell lines of different metastatic performance and benign proliferative variation as well as breast cancer via in-situ hybridization, and screen out single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the miR-205 coding gene region. In addition, the association between SNP and the clinicopathological features of breast lesions was investigated. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of miR-205 was decreased in breast cancer cells and tissues compared with benign lesions. SNPs in the miR-205 coding gene region were identified in tumor cell lines and as increasing lengths of the AGC repetitive sequence were lost, miR-205 expression increased. An association was identified between a number of SNPs in the miR-205 coding gene region and breast cancer, as well as between SNPs in miR-205 coding gene region and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Hematology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Huixian Hu
- Department of Hematology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Fanrong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tu
- Department of Hematology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Hematology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
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14
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Al-Eitan LN, Jamous RI, Khasawneh RH. Candidate Gene Analysis of Breast Cancer in the Jordanian Population of Arab Descent: A Case-Control Study. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:256-270. [PMID: 28272917 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2017.1289217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether there are specific polymorphisms within six genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, DAPK1, MMP9 promoter, and TOX3) that are associated with breast cancer among the Jordanian population. Sequenom MassARRAY system was used to genotype 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these genes in 230 Jordanian breast cancer patients and 225 healthy individuals. Three SNPs (MMP9 (rs6065912), TOX3 (rs1420546), and DAPK1 (rs11141901) were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (p < .05). This study is the first to provide evidence that genetic variation in MMP9, TOX3, and DAPK1 genes contribute to the development of breast cancer in the Jordanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N Al-Eitan
- a Department of Applied Biological Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.,b Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Reem I Jamous
- a Department of Applied Biological Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan.,b Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Rame H Khasawneh
- c Department of Hematopathology, King Hussein Medical Center (KHMC) , Jordan Royal Medical Services (RMS) , Amman , Jordan
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15
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Novel Nine-Exon AR Transcripts (Exon 1/Exon 1b/Exons 2-8) in Normal and Cancerous Breast and Prostate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010040. [PMID: 28035996 PMCID: PMC5297675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 20 different transcripts of the human androgen receptor (AR) are reported with two currently listed as Refseq isoforms in the NCBI database. Isoform 1 encodes wild-type AR (type 1 AR) and isoform 2 encodes the variant AR45 (type 2 AR). Both variants contain eight exons: they share common exons 2-8 but differ in exon 1 with the canonical exon 1 in isoform 1 and the variant exon 1b in isoform 2. Splicing of exon 1 or exon 1b is reported to be mutually exclusive. In this study, we identified a novel exon 1b (1b/TAG) that contains an additional TAG trinucleotide upstream of exon 1b. Moreover, we identified AR transcripts in both normal and cancerous breast and prostate cells that contained either exon 1b or 1b/TAG spliced between the canonical exon 1 and exon 2, generating nine-exon AR transcripts that we have named isoforms 3a and 3b. The proteins encoded by these new AR variants could regulate androgen-responsive reporters in breast and prostate cancer cells under androgen-depleted conditions. Analysis of type 3 AR-GFP fusion proteins showed partial nuclear localization in PC3 cells under androgen-depleted conditions, supporting androgen-independent activation of the AR. Type 3 AR proteins inhibited androgen-induced growth of LNCaP cells. Microarray analysis identified a small set of type 3a AR target genes in LNCaP cells, including genes known to modulate growth and proliferation of prostate cancer (PCGEM1, PEG3, EPHA3, and EFNB2) or other types of human cancers (TOX3, ST8SIA4, and SLITRK3), and genes that are diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer (GRINA3, and BCHE).
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16
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Chen Y, Fu F, Lin Y, Qiu L, Lu M, Zhang J, Qiu W, Yang P, Wu N, Huang M, Wang C. The precision relationships between eight GWAS-identified genetic variants and breast cancer in a Chinese population. Oncotarget 2016; 7:75457-75467. [PMID: 27705907 PMCID: PMC5342752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the new breast cancer susceptibility loci discovered in recent Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have not been confirmed in Chinese populations. To determine whether eight novel Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have associations with breast cancer risk in women from southeast China, we conducted a case-control study of 1,156 breast cancer patients and 1,256 healthy controls. We first validated that the SNPs rs12922061, rs2290203, and rs2981578 were associated with overall breast cancer risk in southeast Chinese women, with the per-allele OR of 1.209 (95%CI: 1.064-1.372), 1.176 (95%CI: 1.048-1.320), and 0.852 (95%CI: 0.759-0.956), respectively. Rs12922061 and rs2290203 even passed the threshold for Bonferroni correction (P value: 0.00625). In stratified analysis, we found another three SNPs were significantly associated within different subgroups. However, after Bonferroni correction (P value: 0.000446), there were no statistically significant was observed. In gene-environment interaction analysis, we observed gene-environment interactions played a potential role of in the risk of breast cancer. These findings provide new insight into the associations between the genetic susceptibility and fine classifications of breast cancer. Based on these results, we encourage further large series studies and functional research to confirm these finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Fangmeng Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Yuxiang Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Minjun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Jiantang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350001, China
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17
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Han YJ, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Huo D, Olopade OI. Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of TOX3 Expression in Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165559. [PMID: 27806084 PMCID: PMC5091860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified low penetrance and high frequency single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that contribute to genetic susceptibility of breast cancer. The SNPs at 16q12, close to the TOX3 and CASC16 genes, represent one of the susceptibility loci identified by GWAS, showing strong evidence for breast cancer association across various populations. To examine molecular mechanisms of TOX3 regulation in breast cancer, we investigated both genetic and epigenetic factors using cell lines and datasets derived from primary breast tumors available through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). TOX3 expression is highly up-regulated in luminal subtype tumors compared to normal breast tissues or basal-like tumors. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses revealed significant associations of rs3803662 and rs4784227 genotypes with TOX3 expression in breast tumors. Bisulfite sequencing of four CpG islands in the TOX3 promoter showed a clear difference between luminal and basal-like cancer cell lines. 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine treatment of a basal-like cancer cell line increased expression of TOX3. TCGA dataset verified significantly lower levels of methylation of the promoter in luminal breast tumors with an inverse correlation between methylation and expression of TOX3. Methylation QTL (mQTL) analyses showed a weak or no correlation of rs3803662 or rs4784227 with TOX3 promoter methylation in breast tumors, indicating an independent relationship between the genetic and epigenetic events. These data suggest a complex system of TOX3 regulation in breast tumors, driven by germline variants and somatic epigenetic modifications in a subtype specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Jeong Han
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health; and Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OIO); (YJH)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health; and Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Yonglan Zheng
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health; and Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Dezheng Huo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health; and Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- * E-mail: (OIO); (YJH)
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18
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He Y, Liu H, Chen Q, Sun X, Liu C, Shao Y. Relationship between five GWAS-identified single nucleotide polymorphisms and female breast cancer in the Chinese Han population. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:9739-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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19
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Han CC, Yue LL, Yang Y, Jian BY, Ma LW, Liu JC. TOX3 protein expression is correlated with pathological characteristics in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1762-1768. [PMID: 26998074 PMCID: PMC4774471 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TOX3 is a newly identified gene that has been observed to correlate with breast cancer by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in recent years. In addition, it has been noted that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TOX3 gene have a strong correlation with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors. However, the role of TOX3 in breast carcinoma development is still unclear. There are limited studies on the subject of TOX3 mRNA expression in breast tumors and little information on the variation of TOX3 protein expression in relation to the clinical pathological features in breast cancer and healthy tissues. In this study, we characterize the protein expression of TOX3 in breast tumors with respect to various clinical and pathological characteristics and explore the correlation between TOX3 protein expression and ER-positive tumors. A breast cancer tissue microarray containing 267 human breast tumors and 25 healthy controls, breast cancer cell lines (ZR-75-1, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and Bcap-37) with positive or negative ER expression, tumor tissues and matched controls were used to analyze the protein expression levels of TOX3 by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Among the 267 breast tumor specimens, ER expression was detected in 66 tumor tissues. The expression levels of TOX3 increased in breast carcinoma tissue compared with controls, and were higher in advanced carcinoma (T3 and T4), lymph node metastases tissues (N2) and stage III tissues. Furthermore, TOX3 protein expression was more intense in ER-positive tumors, but did not demonstrate a statistical significance. However, it was significantly increased in ER-positive breast cancer cell lines (ZR-75-1, MCF-7 and Bcap-37) compared with the MDA-MB-231 cell line, which had ER-negative expression. Our findings provide support to the hypothesis that TOX3 has a strong correlation with the development of breast cancer. The current study is likely to assist in investigating the mechanisms involved in breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Han
- Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161042, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ling Yue
- Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161042, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161042, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Yu Jian
- Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161042, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wei Ma
- Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161042, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161042, P.R. China
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20
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Yu X, Li Z. TOX gene: a novel target for human cancer gene therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:3516-3524. [PMID: 26885442 PMCID: PMC4731627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box factor (TOX) is a member of an evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding protein family and is expressed in several immune-relevant cell subsets. TOX encodes a nuclear protein of the high-mobility group box superfamily. It contains a DNA-binding domain, which allows it to regulate transcription by modifying local chromatin structure and modulating the formation of multi-protein complexes. Previous studies have shown that TOX play important roles in immune system. More recently, several studies have described TOX expression is frequently upregulated in diverse types of human tumors and the overregulation often associates with tumor progression. Moreover, TOXis involved in the control of cell apoptosis, growth, metastasis, DNA repair and so on. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the role of TOX in tumor development and progression biology function. To our knowledge, this is the first review about the role of thisnew oncogene in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100042, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
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21
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Seksenyan A, Kadavallore A, Walts AE, de la Torre B, Berel D, Strom SP, Aliahmad P, Funari VA, Kaye J. TOX3 is expressed in mammary ER(+) epithelial cells and regulates ER target genes in luminal breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:22. [PMID: 25632947 PMCID: PMC4324787 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A breast cancer susceptibility locus has been mapped to the gene encoding TOX3. Little is known regarding the expression pattern or biological role of TOX3 in breast cancer or in the mammary gland. Here we analyzed TOX3 expression in murine and human mammary glands and in molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and assessed its ability to alter the biology of breast cancer cells. Methods We used a cell sorting strategy, followed by quantitative real-time PCR, to study TOX3 gene expression in the mouse mammary gland. To study the expression of this nuclear protein in human mammary glands and breast tumors, we generated a rabbit monoclonal antibody specific for human TOX3. In vitro studies were performed on MCF7, BT474 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines to study the effects of TOX3 modulation on gene expression in the context of breast cancer cells. Results We found TOX3 expression in estrogen receptor-positive mammary epithelial cells, including progenitor cells. A subset of breast tumors also highly expresses TOX3, with poor outcome associated with high expression of TOX3 in luminal B breast cancers. We also demonstrate the ability of TOX3 to alter gene expression in MCF7 luminal breast cancer cells, including cancer relevant genes TFF1 and CXCR4. Knockdown of TOX3 in a luminal B breast cancer cell line that highly expresses TOX3 is associated with slower growth. Surprisingly, TOX3 is also shown to regulate TFF1 in an estrogen-independent and tamoxifen-insensitive manner. Conclusions These results demonstrate that high expression of this protein likely plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression. This is in sharp contrast to previous studies that indicated breast cancer susceptibility is associated with lower expression of TOX3. Together, these results suggest two different roles for TOX3, one in the initiation of breast cancer, potentially related to expression of TOX3 in mammary epithelial cell progenitors, and another role for this nuclear protein in the progression of cancer. In addition, these results can begin to shed light on the reported association of TOX3 expression and breast cancer metastasis to the bone, and point to TOX3 as a novel regulator of estrogen receptor-mediated gene expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1018-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akop Seksenyan
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis 5089, Los Angeles, 90048, CA, USA.
| | - Asha Kadavallore
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis 5089, Los Angeles, 90048, CA, USA.
| | - Ann E Walts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Brian de la Torre
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis 5089, Los Angeles, 90048, CA, USA.
| | - Dror Berel
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Center for Applied Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Samuel P Strom
- Genomics Core Facility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Parinaz Aliahmad
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis 5089, Los Angeles, 90048, CA, USA.
| | - Vincent A Funari
- Genomics Core Facility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Kaye
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis 5089, Los Angeles, 90048, CA, USA. .,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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22
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Park SL, Caberto CP, Lin Y, Goodloe RJ, Dumitrescu L, Love SA, Matise TC, Hindorff LA, Fowke JH, Schumacher FR, Beebe-Dimmer J, Chen C, Hou L, Thomas F, Deelman E, Han Y, Peters U, North KE, Heiss G, Crawford DC, Haiman CA, Wilkens LR, Bush WS, Kooperberg C, Cheng I, Le Marchand L. Association of cancer susceptibility variants with risk of multiple primary cancers: The population architecture using genomics and epidemiology study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2568-78. [PMID: 25139936 PMCID: PMC4221293 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple primary cancers account for approximately 16% of all incident cancers in the United States. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many common genetic variants associated with various cancer sites, no study has examined the association of these genetic variants with risk of multiple primary cancers (MPC). METHODS As part of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study, we used data from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Incident MPC (IMPC) cases (n = 1,385) were defined as participants diagnosed with more than one incident cancer after cohort entry. Participants diagnosed with only one incident cancer after cohort entry with follow-up equal to or longer than IMPC cases served as controls (single-index cancer controls; n = 9,626). Fixed-effects meta-analyses of unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between 188 cancer risk variants and IMPC risk. To account for multiple comparisons, we used the false-positive report probability (FPRP) to determine statistical significance. RESULTS A nicotine dependence-associated and lung cancer variant, CHRNA3 rs578776 [OR, 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.26; P = 0.004], and two breast cancer variants, EMBP1 rs11249433 and TOX3 rs3803662 (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.28; P = 0.005 and OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23; P = 0.006), were significantly associated with risk of IMPC. The associations for rs578776 and rs11249433 remained (P < 0.05) after removing subjects who had lung or breast cancers, respectively (P ≤ 0.046). These associations did not show significant heterogeneity by smoking status (Pheterogeneity ≥ 0.53). CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified rs578776 and rs11249433 as risk variants for IMPC. IMPACT These findings may help to identify genetic regions associated with IMPC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lani Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | | | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert J Goodloe
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shelly-Ann Love
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Tara C Matise
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Lucia A Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Fredrick R Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Beebe-Dimmer
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventative Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fridtjof Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ewa Deelman
- USC Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, California
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Iona Cheng
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
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23
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Genome-wide association study of breast cancer in the Japanese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76463. [PMID: 24143190 PMCID: PMC3797071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in worldwide including Japan. Several studies have identified common genetic variants to be associated with the risk of breast cancer. Due to the complex linkage disequilibrium structure and various environmental exposures in different populations, it is essential to identify variants associated with breast cancer in each population, which subsequently facilitate the better understanding of mammary carcinogenesis. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) as well as whole-genome imputation with 2,642 cases and 2,099 unaffected female controls. We further examined 13 suggestive loci (P<1.0×10−5) using an independent sample set of 2,885 cases and 3,395 controls and successfully validated two previously-reported loci, rs2981578 (combined P-value of 1.31×10−12, OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.16–.30) on chromosome 10q26 (FGFR2), rs3803662 (combined P-value of 2.79×10−11, OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.15–.28) and rs12922061 (combined P-value of 3.97×10−10, OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.15–.31) on chromosome 16q12 (TOX3-LOC643714). Weighted genetic risk score on the basis of three significantly associated variants and two previously reported breast cancer associated loci in East Asian population revealed that individuals who carry the most risk alleles in category 5 have 2.2 times higher risk of developing breast cancer in the Japanese population than those who carry the least risk alleles in reference category 1. Although we could not identify additional loci associated with breast cancer, our study utilized one of the largest sample sizes reported to date, and provided genetic status that represent the Japanese population. Further local and international collaborative study is essential to identify additional genetic variants that could lead to a better, accurate prediction for breast cancer.
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24
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Jones JO, Chin SF, Wong-Taylor LA, Leaford D, Ponder BAJ, Caldas C, Maia AT. TOX3 mutations in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74102. [PMID: 24069272 PMCID: PMC3777980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TOX3 maps to 16q12, a region commonly lost in breast cancers and recently implicated in the risk of developing breast cancer. However, not much is known of the role of TOX3 itself in breast cancer biology. This is the first study to determine the importance of TOX3 mutations in breast cancers. We screened TOX3 for mutations in 133 breast tumours and identified four mutations (three missense, one in-frame deletion of 30 base pairs) in six primary tumours, corresponding to an overall mutation frequency of 4.5%. One potentially deleterious missense mutation in exon 3 (Leu129Phe) was identified in one tumour (genomic DNA and cDNA). Whilst copy number changes of 16q12 are common in breast cancer, our data show that mutations of TOX3 are present at low frequency in tumours. Our results support that TOX3 should be further investigated to elucidate its role in breast cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Owain Jones
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Li-An Wong-Taylor
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Leaford
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce A. J. Ponder
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana-Teresa Maia
- Cambridge Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Zhang X, Zhu H, Wu X, Wang M, Gu D, Gong W, Xu Z, Tan Y, Gong Y, Zhou J, Tang C, Tong N, Chen J, Zhang Z. A genetic polymorphism in TOX3 is associated with survival of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72186. [PMID: 24069142 PMCID: PMC3775787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recently, genetic polymorphism (rs3803662C>T) in TOX3 was reported to induce the risk of breast cancer. In this study, we hypothesized that rs3803662 could influence gastric cancer survival outcomes. Methods With multiplex SNaPshot method, we genotyped TOX3 rs3803662 in 880 gastric patients with surgical resection. The association between genotype and survival outcomes was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression analysis models and the log-rank test. Results There was no association in the analyses of rs3803662 and survival of gastric cancer. However, the stratified analysis by histology showed that rs3803662 CT/TT genotype was associated with a significantly better survival for diffuse-type gastric cancer (log-rank p = 0.030, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46–0.96), than the CC genotype. In addition, this favorable effect was especially obvious among gastric cancer patients with tumor size >5 cm, T3 and T4 depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, no drinking, no distant metastasis, no chemotherapy and gastric cardia cancer. Conclusions TOX3 rs3803662 might play an important role in the prognostic outcome and treatment of gastric cancer, especially perhaps further help in explaining the reduced risk of death associated with diffuse-type gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- Core Laboratory, Nantong Cancer Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Weida Gong
- Department of Surgery, Yixing Cancer Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yixing Cancer Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Yongling Gong
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Na Tong
- Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JC); (ZZ)
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (JC); (ZZ)
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26
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Jobim MR, Jobim M, Salim PH, Portela P, Jobim LF, Leistner-Segal S, Bittelbrunn AC, Menke CH, Biazús JV, Roesler R, Schwartsmann G. Analysis of KIR gene frequencies and HLA class I genotypes in breast cancer and control group. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1130-3. [PMID: 23792055 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the main cause of cancer-related death among women, with a 0.5% increase in incidence per year. Natural killer cells (NK) are part of the innate immune system recognizing class I HLA molecules on target cells through their membrane receptors, called killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between the KIR genes and HLA alleles in patients with breast cancer and healthy controls. Two hundred thirty patients with breast cancer and 272 healthy controls were typed for HLA class I and KIR genes by PCR-SSO. When both groups were compared, the presence of inhibitory KIR2DL2 receptors was significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy controls. No significant differences were found for HLA-C2 and HLA-Bw4. However, a higher frequency of HLA-C1 in breast cancer patients was observed. These findings suggest a potential role for the KIR gene system in breast cancer. Further studies to confirm this observation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Regina Jobim
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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