1
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Hamdy NM, Zaki MB, Rizk NI, Abdelmaksoud NM, Abd-Elmawla MA, Ismail RA, Abulsoud AI. Unraveling the ncRNA landscape that governs colorectal cancer: A roadmap to personalized therapeutics. Life Sci 2024; 354:122946. [PMID: 39122108 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) being one of the most common malignancies, has a significant death rate, especially when detected at an advanced stage. In most cases, the fundamental aetiology of CRC remains unclear despite the identification of several environmental and intrinsic risk factors. Numerous investigations, particularly in the last ten years, have indicated the involvement of epigenetic variables in this type of cancer. The development, progression, and metastasis of CRC are influenced by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are significant players in the epigenetic pathways. LncRNAs are implicated in diverse pathological processes in CRC, such as liver metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), inflammation, and chemo-/radioresistance. It has recently been determined that CRC cells and tissues exhibit dysregulation of tens of oncogenic and tumor suppressor lncRNAs. Serum samples from CRC patients exhibit dysregulated expressions of several of these transcripts, offering a non-invasive method of detecting this kind of cancer. In this review, we outlined the typical paradigms of the deregulated lncRNA which exert significant role in the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC initiation and progression. We comprehensively discuss the role of lncRNAs as innovative targets for CRC prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Nehal I Rizk
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | | | - Mai A Abd-Elmawla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Ismail
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11231, Egypt
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2
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Song X, Li J, Zhu J, Kong YF, Zhou YH, Wang ZK, Zhang J. Predictors of early colorectal cancer metastasis to lymph nodes: providing rationale for therapy decisions. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1371599. [PMID: 39035744 PMCID: PMC11257837 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1371599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of national health awareness and the popularization of a series of screening methods, the number of patients with early colorectal cancer is gradually increasing, and accurate prediction of lymph node metastasis of T1 colorectal cancer is the key to determining the optimal therapeutic solutions. Whether patients with T1 colorectal cancer undergoing endoscopic resection require additional surgery and regional lymph node dissection is inconclusive in current guidelines. However, we can be sure that in early colorectal cancer without lymph node metastasis, endoscopic resection alone does not affect the prognosis, and it greatly improves the quality of life and reduces the incidence of surgical complications while preserving organ integrity. Therefore, it is vital to discriminate patients without lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer, and this requires accurate predictors. This paper briefly explains the significance and shortcomings of traditional pathological factors, then extends and states the new pathological factors, clinical test factors, molecular biomarkers, and the risk assessment models of lymph node metastasis based on artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Leng X, Zhang M, Xu Y, Wang J, Ding N, Yu Y, Sun S, Dai W, Xue X, Li N, Yang Y, Shi Z. Non-coding RNAs as therapeutic targets in cancer and its clinical application. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100947. [PMID: 39149142 PMCID: PMC11325817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer genomics has led to the discovery of numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that play critical roles in cancer development and progression. Oncogenes promote cell growth and proliferation, whereas tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell growth and division. The dysregulation of these genes can lead to the development of cancer. Recent studies have focused on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including circular RNA (circRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), as therapeutic targets for cancer. In this article, we discuss the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes of ncRNAs associated with different types of cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets. Here, we highlight the mechanisms of action of these genes and their clinical applications in cancer treatment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and identifying specific therapeutic targets are essential steps towards the development of effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yujing Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yancheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shanliang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weichen Dai
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Nianguang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhihao Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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4
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Heydari R, Karimi P, Meyfour A. Long non-coding RNAs as pathophysiological regulators, therapeutic targets and novel extracellular vesicle biomarkers for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116868. [PMID: 38850647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) system that includes two groups, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). To cope with these two classes of IBD, the investigation of pathogenic mechanisms and the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are crucial. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which are non-coding RNAs with a length of longer than 200 nucleotides have indicated significant association with the pathology of IBD and strong potential to be used as accurate biomarkers in diagnosing and predicting responses to the IBD treatment. In the current review, we aim to investigate the role of lncRNAs in the pathology and development of IBD. We first describe recent advances in research on dysregulated lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of IBD from the perspective of epithelial barrier function, intestinal immunity, mitochondrial function, and intestinal autophagy. Then, we highlight the possible translational role of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets, diagnostic biomarkers, and predictors of therapeutic response in colon tissues and plasma samples. Finally, we discuss the potential of extracellular vesicles and their lncRNA cargo in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Heydari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Padideh Karimi
- CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Bohrer C, Varon E, Peretz E, Reinitz G, Kinor N, Halle D, Nissan A, Shav-Tal Y. CCAT1 lncRNA is chromatin-retained and post-transcriptionally spliced. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 162:91-107. [PMID: 38763947 PMCID: PMC11227459 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Super-enhancers are unique gene expression regulators widely involved in cancer development. Spread over large DNA segments, they tend to be found next to oncogenes. The super-enhancer c-MYC locus forms long-range chromatin looping with nearby genes, which brings the enhancer and the genes into proximity, to promote gene activation. The colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT1) gene, which is part of the MYC locus, transcribes a lncRNA that is overexpressed in colon cancer cells through activation by MYC. Comparing different types of cancer cell lines using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH), we detected very prominent CCAT1 expression in HeLa cells, observed as several large CCAT1 nuclear foci. We found that dozens of CCAT1 transcripts accumulate on the gene locus, in addition to active transcription occurring from the gene. The accumulating transcripts are released from the chromatin during cell division. Examination of CCAT1 lncRNA expression patterns on the single-RNA level showed that unspliced CCAT1 transcripts are released from the gene into the nucleoplasm. Most of these unspliced transcripts were observed in proximity to the active gene but were not associated with nuclear speckles in which unspliced RNAs usually accumulate. At larger distances from the gene, the CCAT1 transcripts appeared spliced, implying that most CCAT1 transcripts undergo post-transcriptional splicing in the zone of the active gene. Finally, we show that unspliced CCAT1 transcripts can be detected in the cytoplasm during splicing inhibition, which suggests that there are several CCAT1 variants, spliced and unspliced, that the cell can recognize as suitable for export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaya Bohrer
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eli Varon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eldar Peretz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gita Reinitz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Noa Kinor
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - David Halle
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Aviram Nissan
- Ziv Medical Center, Safed, Israel
- Surgical Innovation Laboratory, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yaron Shav-Tal
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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6
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Ma Y, Chen Y, Zhan L, Dong Q, Wang Y, Li X, He L, Zhang J. CEBPB-mediated upregulation of SERPINA1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by enhancing STAT3 signaling. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:219. [PMID: 38710698 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly malignant carcinoma associated with poor prognosis, and metastasis is one of the most common causes of death in CRC. Serpin Family A Member 1 (SERPINA1) is a serine protease inhibitor from the Serpin family. Till now, the function and mechanism of SERPINA1 in CRC progression have not been fully illustrated. We established highly metastatic colorectal cancer cells named as RKO-H and Caco2-H by mice liver metastasis model. By integrative bioinformatic approaches, we analyzed the prognostic value and clinical significance of SERPINA1 in CRC, and predicted potential transcription factors. Colony formation, EDU, MTS, Transwell and wound healing assay were performed to evaluate the biological functions of SERPINA1 in CRC in vitro. Experiments in vivo were conducted to explore the effects of SERPINA1 on liver metastasis of CRC. ChIP and luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to identify the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of SERPINA1 by CEBPB. Our results show that SERPINA1 is highly expressed in CRC and correlated with poor clinical outcomes. SERPINA1 promotes the proliferation, migration by activating STAT3 pathway. Mechanistically, CEBPB binds SERPINA1 gene promoter sequence and promotes the transcription of SERPINA1. SERPINA1 drives CEBPB-induced tumor cell growth and migration via augmenting STAT3 signaling. Our results suggest that SERPINA1 is a potential prognostic marker and may serve as a novel treatment target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuanhe Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lian He
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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7
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Oh CK, Cho YS. Pathogenesis and biomarkers of colorectal cancer by epigenetic alteration. Intest Res 2024; 22:131-151. [PMID: 38295766 PMCID: PMC11079515 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2023.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in cancer incidence and stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. CRC tumorigenesis results from a cumulative set of genetic and epigenetic alterations, disrupting cancer-regulatory processes like cell proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell death, invasion, and metastasis. Key epigenetic modifications observed in cancers encompass abnormal DNA methylation, atypical histone modifications, and irregularities in noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. The advancement in genomic technologies has positioned these genetic and epigenetic shifts as potential clinical biomarkers for CRC patients. This review concisely covers the fundamental principles of CRC-associated epigenetic changes, and examines in detail their emerging role as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and treatment response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyo Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Sadi Khosroshahi N, Koulaeizadeh S, Abdi A, Akbarzadeh S, Hashemi Aghdam SM, Rajabi A, Safaralizadeh R. Upregulation of Long Noncoding RNA PCAT1 in Iranian Patients with Colorectal Cancer and Its Performance as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2024; 28:65-69. [PMID: 38416663 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as critical molecules play an essential role in the development of cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), various lncRNAs are related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. LncRNA prostate cancer-associated transcript 1 (PCAT-1), as an oncogenic factor, is a diagnostic biomarker that regulates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Methods: This study evaluated the relationship between PCAT-1, CRC occurrence, and pathological features of Iranian patients. The studied samples included 100 colorectal tumor tissues and 100 adjacent healthy tissues of Iranian CRC patients. RNAs were extracted from cancerous and noncancerous tissues to synthesize complementary DNA. The expression level of PCAT-1 was assessed using the real-time PCR method, and the data analysis was assessed using SPSS software. Results: In this study, expression level of PCAT-1 in tumor tissue was significantly increased in Iranian patients, and pathological studies of the patients had no significant relationship with the PCAT-1 expression profile. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the high expression of PCAT-1 resulted in the occurrence of colorectal tumor tissues in Iranian patients, which can be considered a diagnostic biomarker in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Sadi Khosroshahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Koulaeizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Abdi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sama Akbarzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Rajabi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Akram F, Tanveer R, Andleeb S, Shah FI, Ahmad T, Shehzadi S, Akhtar AM, Syed G. Deciphering the Epigenetic Symphony of Cancer: Insights and Epigenetic Therapies Implications. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241250317. [PMID: 38780251 PMCID: PMC11119348 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241250317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic machinery is a cornerstone in normal cell development, orchestrating tissue-specific gene expression in mammalian cells. Aberrations in this intricate landscape drive substantial changes in gene function, emerging as a linchpin in cancer etiology and progression. While cancer was conventionally perceived as solely a genetic disorder, its contemporary definition encompasses genetic alterations intertwined with disruptive epigenetic abnormalities. This review explores the profound impact of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs on fundamental cellular processes. When these pivotal epigenetic mechanisms undergo disruption, they intricately guide the acquisition of the 6 hallmark characteristics of cancer within seemingly normal cells. Leveraging the latest advancements in decoding these epigenetic intricacies holds immense promise, heralding a new era in developing targeted and more efficacious treatment modalities against cancers driven by aberrant epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rida Tanveer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Andleeb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Somia Shehzadi
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghania Syed
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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10
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Islam MS, Gopalan V, Lam AK, Shiddiky MJA. Current advances in detecting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115611. [PMID: 37619478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in terms of diagnosis and the second in terms of mortality. Recent studies have shown that various proteins, extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes), specific genetic variants, gene transcripts, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and altered epigenetic patterns, can be used to detect, and assess the prognosis of CRC. Over the last decade, a plethora of conventional methodologies (e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR], direct sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], microarray, in situ hybridization) as well as advanced analytical methodologies (e.g., microfluidics, electrochemical biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [SERS]) have been developed for analyzing genetic and epigenetic biomarkers using both optical and non-optical tools. Despite these methodologies, no gold standard detection method has yet been implemented that can analyze CRC with high specificity and sensitivity in an inexpensive, simple, and time-efficient manner. Moreover, until now, no study has critically reviewed the advantages and limitations of these methodologies. Here, an overview of the most used genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for CRC and their detection methods are discussed. Furthermore, a summary of the major biological, technical, and clinical challenges and advantages/limitations of existing techniques is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sajedul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
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11
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Rahimian N, Sheida A, Rajabi M, Heidari MM, Tobeiha M, Esfahani PV, Ahmadi Asouri S, Hamblin MR, Mohamadzadeh O, Motamedzadeh A, Khaksary Mahabady M. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in pituitary adenoma. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154649. [PMID: 37453360 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is the third most common primary intracranial tumor in terms of overall disease incidence. Although they are benign tumors, they can have a variety of clinical symptoms, but are mostly asymptomatic, which often leads to diagnosis at an advanced stage when surgical intervention is ineffective. Earlier identification of PA could reduce morbidity and allow better clinical management of the affected patients. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not generally code for proteins, but can modulate biological processes at the post-transcriptional level through a variety of molecular mechanisms. An increased number of ncRNA expression profiles have been found in PAs. Therefore, understanding the expression patterns of different ncRNAs could be a promising method for developing non-invasive biomarkers. This review summarizes the expression patterns of dysregulated ncRNAs (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs) involved in PA, which could one day serve as innovative biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the treatment of this neoplasia. We also discuss the potential molecular pathways by which the dysregulated ncRNAs could cause PA and affect its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rajabi
- Department of Pathology, Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Heidari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tobeiha
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Pegah Veradi Esfahani
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Omid Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Motamedzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Khaksary Mahabady
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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12
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Islam S, Mukherjee C. Molecular regulation of hypoxia through the lenses of noncoding RNAs and epitranscriptome. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1750. [PMID: 35785444 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cells maintain homeostasis in response to environmental stress through specific cell stress responses. Hypoxic stress, well known to be associated with diverse solid tumors, is one of the main reasons for cancer-related mortality. Although cells can balance themselves well during hypoxic stress, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The enhanced appreciation of diverse roles played by noncoding transcriptome and epigenome in recent years has brought to light the involvement of noncoding RNAs and epigenetic modifiers in hypoxic regulation. The emergence of techniques like deep sequencing has facilitated the identification of large numbers of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are differentially regulated in various cancers. Similarly, proteomic studies have identified diverse epigenetic modifiers such as HATs, HDACs, DNMTs, polycomb groups of proteins, and their possible roles in the regulation of hypoxia. The crosstalk between lncRNAs and epigenetic modifiers play a pivotal role in hypoxia-induced cancer initiation and progression. Besides the lncRNAs, several other noncoding RNAs like circular RNAs, miRNAs, and so forth are also expressed during hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia has a profound effect on the expression of noncoding RNAs and epigenetic modifiers. Conversely, noncoding RNAs/epigenetic modifies can regulate the hypoxia signaling axis by modulating the stability of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). The focus of this review is to illustrate the molecular orchestration underlying hypoxia biology, especially in cancers, which can help in identifying promising therapeutic targets in hypoxia-induced cancers. This article is categorized under: RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics and Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safirul Islam
- Institute of Health Sciences (erstwhile School of Biotechnology), Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrama Mukherjee
- Institute of Health Sciences (erstwhile School of Biotechnology), Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Wu Y, Xu X. Long non-coding RNA signature in colorectal cancer: research progression and clinical application. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:28. [PMID: 36797749 PMCID: PMC9936661 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the top-ranked human malignancies. The development and progression of colorectal cancer are associated with aberrant expression of multiple coding and non-coding genes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important role in regulating gene stability as well as gene expression. Numerous current studies have shown that lncRNAs are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. In this review, we have searched the available literature to list lncRNAs involved in the pathogenesis and regulation of colorectal cancer. We focus on the role of lncRNAs in cancer promotion or suppression, their value in tumor diagnosis, and their role in treatment response and prognosis prediction. In addition, we will discuss the signaling pathways that these lncRNAs are mainly associated with in colorectal cancer. We also summarize the role of lncRNAs in colorectal precancerous lesions and colorectal cancer consensus molecular subgroups. We hope this review article will bring you the latest research progress and outlook on lncRNAs in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Wu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangshang Xu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Liau XL, Salvamani S, Gunasekaran B, Chellappan DK, Rhodes A, Ulaganathan V, Tiong YL. CCAT 1- A Pivotal Oncogenic Long Non-Coding RNA in Colorectal Cancer. Br J Biomed Sci 2023; 80:11103. [PMID: 37025163 PMCID: PMC10070472 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2023.11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the third most common cancer and second deadliest cancer in both men and women in the world. Currently, the cure rate and 5-year survival rate of CRC patients remain relatively low. Therefore, discovering a novel molecular biomarker that can be used to improve CRC screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment would be beneficial. Long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT 1) has been found overexpressed in CRC and is associated with CRC tumorigenesis and treatment outcome. CCAT 1 has a high degree of specificity and sensitivity, it is readily detected in CRC tissues and is significantly overexpressed in both premalignant and malignant CRC tissues. Besides, CCAT 1 is associated with clinical manifestation and advanced features of CRC, such as lymph node metastasis, high tumor node metastasis stage, differentiation, invasion, and distant metastasis. In addition, they can upregulate oncogenic c-MYC and negatively modulate microRNAs via different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, dysregulated CCAT 1 also enhances the chemoresistance in CRC cells while downregulation of them reverses the malignant phenotypes of cancer cells. In brief, CCAT 1 serves as a potential screening, diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CRC, it also serves as a potential therapeutic marker to treat CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiew Leng Liau
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Salvamani
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shamala Salvamani, ; Baskaran Gunasekaran,
| | - Baskaran Gunasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Shamala Salvamani, ; Baskaran Gunasekaran,
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anthony Rhodes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vaidehi Ulaganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Lian Tiong
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Najafi S, Khatami SH, Khorsand M, Jamali Z, Shabaninejad Z, Moazamfard M, Majidpoor J, Aghaei Zarch SM, Movahedpour A. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); roles in tumorigenesis and potentials as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113294. [PMID: 35870535 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New research has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in a broad range of biological processes, including the pathogenesis of many complex human diseases, including cancer. The detailed regulation mechanisms of many lncRNAs in cancer initiation and progression have yet to be discovered, even though a few of lncRNAs' functions in cancer have been characterized. In the present study, we summarize recent advances in the mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs in cancer. We focused on the roles of newly-identified lncRNAs as oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as the potential pathways these molecules could play. The paper also discusses their potential uses as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Khorsand
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Jamali
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Ji Y, Yang Y, Yin Z. Polymorphisms in lncRNA CCAT1 on the susceptibility of lung cancer in a Chinese northeast population: A case-control study. Cancer Med 2022; 12:500-512. [PMID: 35650713 PMCID: PMC9844612 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECT To explore the association of rs1948915, rs7013433 in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CCAT1 and rs6983267 in MYC enhancer region with the risk of lung cancer in a Chinese northeast population, a case-control study was conducted. METHODS The hospital-based case-control study contained 669 lung cancer patients and 697 healthy controls. Taqman® Probe allele resolution was used for genotyping. The differences between the case-control groups were analyzed using Student t-test and chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the genotypes and the risk of lung cancer. Cross-generation analysis was used to explore the relationship between gene-environment interaction and lung cancer. RESULTS There was no association between the three selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the susceptibility of lung cancer. Rs1948915 CT was correlated with lung adenocarcinoma. In female stratification, rs1948915 CT/CC was associated with a decreased susceptibility of lung cancer significantly. Additionally, the additive and multiplicative interaction models showed that there was no interaction between the three selected SNPs and smoking status in lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS There may be an association between lung adenocarcinoma and rs1948915 polymorphism in the Chinese northeast population, while rs7013433 and rs6983267 might have no association. There was no interaction between the three selected SNPs and smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPeople's Republic of China
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17
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Sargazi S, Mukhtar M, Rahdar A, Bilal M, Barani M, Díez-Pascual AM, Behzadmehr R, Pandey S. Opportunities and challenges of using high-sensitivity nanobiosensors to detect long noncoding RNAs: A preliminary review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:304-315. [PMID: 35182562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The two types ofncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are responsible for several biological processes within cells, such as the immune responses, cell growth and invasion, and regulation of the cell cycle. Rapidly expanding class of ncRNAs, lncRNAsinteract with other molecules to form chromatin-remodeling complexes. These potential hallmarks of diseases contribute to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of several genes, possibly via cross-talk with other RNAs. Aberrant expression of lncRNAshas drawn increasing attention to the pathophysiology of different diseases, includingcancer and cardiovasculardiseases. Unfortunately, circulating lncRNAs are presented in the bloodstream at very low levels, making sensitive detection difficult. Currently, there are few methods for detecting these ncRNAs from which quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is the most routinely used technique. These techniqueslack sensitivity for intracellular detection of lncRNAs. Moreover, they are tedious and require a large sample size. Currently, nanotechnology has taken over the diagnostic field because of the tunable properties and modification opportunities. Furthermore, these conventional techniques can be merged with nanotechnology to improve detection sensitivity.This review highlights some of the most recent findings on nanotechnology-based methods and possible obstacles intheir application for moreaccurate sensing of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran
| | - Mahwash Mukhtar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvösutca 6, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, 538-98615 Zabol, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Razieh Behzadmehr
- Department of Radiology, Zabol university of medical sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
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18
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Iranmanesh H, Entezari M, Rejali L, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Maghsoudloo M, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR, Hushmandi K, Rabiee N, Makvandi P, Ashrafizadeh M, Hashemi M. The Association of Clinicopathological Characterizations of Colorectal Cancer with Membrane-Bound Mucins genes and LncRNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Huang H, Shi Z, Li Y, Zhu G, Chen C, Zhang Z, Shi R, Su L, Cao P, Pan Z, Zhang H, Liu M, Liu H, Chen J. Pyroptosis-Related LncRNA Signatures Correlate With Lung Adenocarcinoma Prognosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850943. [PMID: 35311148 PMCID: PMC8924059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, accompanied by an intense inflammatory response. Previous studies have shown that pyroptosis can modify long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA), thereby affecting the occurrence and progression of tumors. However, the underlying role of pyroptosis-related lncRNA in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of pyrolysis-related lncRNA in patients with LUAD. Methods A total of 454 LUAD samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to identify the pyroptosis-related lncRNAs. Unsupervised consensus clustering was used to identify the various LUAD molecular subtypes. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was conducted to construct a prognostic signature. Results An 11-lncRNA prognostic signature out of 19 identified pyroptosis-related prognostic lncRNAs was constructed. The patients with LUAD were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups. Patients in the high-risk group had higher score values and mortality. The immune score, stromal score, and estimate score were lower in the high-risk group. The risk score was an independent predictor for OS in multivariate Cox regression analyses (HR > 1, p < 0.01). BTLA, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA, and CD47 were lower expressed in the high-risk group. Conclusions Our study identified an 11-pyroptosis-related lncRNA signature. These findings could further clarify the role of pyroptosis in LUAD and guide the prognosis and individualized treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zijian Shi
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongwen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihe Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifeng Shi
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianchun Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Peijun Cao
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhua Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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20
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Selem NA, Youness RA, Gad MZ. What is beyond LncRNAs in breast cancer: A special focus on colon cancer-associated Transcript-1 (CCAT-1). Noncoding RNA Res 2021; 6:174-186. [PMID: 34938928 PMCID: PMC8666458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play a vital role in the process of malignant transformation. In breast cancer (BC), lncRNAs field is currently under intensive investigations. Yet, the role of lncRNAs as promising diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers and as therapeutic target/tool among BC patients still needs a special focus from the biomedical scientists. In BC, triple negative breast cancer patients (TNBC) are the unlucky group as they are always represented with the worst prognosis and the highest mortality rates. For that reason, a special focus on TNBC and associated lncRNAs was addressed in this review. Colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT-1) is a newly discovered oncogenic lncRNA that has been emerged as a vital biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic interventions in multiple malignancies and showed differential expression among TNBC patients. In this review, the authors shed the light onto the general role of lncRNAs in BC and the specific functional activities, molecular mechanisms, competing endogenous ncRNA role of CCAT-1 in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. Selem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana A. Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, 11586, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z. Gad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Barik GK, Sahay O, Behera A, Naik D, Kalita B. Keep your eyes peeled for long noncoding RNAs: Explaining their boundless role in cancer metastasis, drug resistance, and clinical application. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188612. [PMID: 34391844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and drug resistance are two major obstacles in the treatment of cancer and therefore, the leading cause of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. Hence, an in-depth understanding of these processes and identification of the underlying key players could help design a better therapeutic regimen to treat cancer. Earlier thought to be merely transcriptional junk and having passive or secondary function, recent advances in the genomic research have unravelled that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in diverse physiological as well as pathological processes including cancer metastasis and drug resistance. LncRNAs can regulate various steps of the complex metastatic cascade such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration and metastatic colonization, and also affect the sensitivity of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic drugs. A substantial body of literature for more than a decade of research evince that lncRNAs can regulate gene expression at different levels such as epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational and posttranslational levels, depending on their subcellular localization and through their ability to interact with DNA, RNA and proteins. In this review, we mainly focus on how lncRNAs affect cancer metastasis by modulating expression of key metastasis-associated genes at various levels of gene regulation. We also discuss how lncRNAs confer cancer cells either sensitivity or resistance to various chemo-therapeutic drugs via different mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the immense potential of lncRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Abhayananda Behera
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Debasmita Naik
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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22
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Ahadi A. Functional roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 8:424-437. [PMID: 34179307 PMCID: PMC8209321 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as regulators of gene expression and pivotal transcriptional regulators in cancer cells via diverse mechanisms. lncRNAs involves a variety of pathological and biological activities, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. By using microarray and RNA sequencing, it was identified that dysregulation of lncRNAs affects the tumorigenesis process. Taken together, these lncRNAs are putative biomarker and therapeutic target in human malignancies. In this review, I discuss the latest finding regarding the dysregulation of some important lncRNAs and their diverse mechanisms of these lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of certain cancers; also, I summarize the possible roles of lncRNAs in clinical application for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ahadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 198396-3113, Iran
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23
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Decreased expression level of long non-coding RNA CCAT1, was observed in breast cancer tissue of an Isfahanian population (Iran). GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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LncRNA MSC-AS1 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Regulating miR-325/TRIM14 Axis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9954214. [PMID: 34054957 PMCID: PMC8131164 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9954214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background LncRNA MSC-AS1 has been reported to be a tumor promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the function of MSC-AS1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been elucidated. It is designed to study the expression level of MSC-AS1 and investigate its biological effect on the progression of CRC. Methods The expression patterns of MSC-AS1, miR-325, and TRIM14 were explored by RT-qPCR in CRC tissues and cells. The protein expression of TRIM14 was tested by Western blot assay. The association between MSC-AS1 expression and clinicopathological data was analyzed by chi-squared test. CCK-8 assay, colony formation, and Transwell assay were used to investigate the effect of MSC-AS1 on cell growth, invasion, and migration in CRC cells. The correlations among MSC-AS1, miR-325, and TRIM14 were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. Results We found that MSC-AS1 and TRIM14 were upregulated in CRC tissues, while miR-325 was downregulated in CRC tissues. Functional experiments demonstrated that MSC-AS1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities in CRC cells. Additionally, miR-325 was proved to be a target miRNA of MSC-AS1, and TRIM14 might be a downstream gene of miR-325. Besides that, MSC-AS1 counteracted the inhibitory effect of miR-325 on the cell progression and TRIM14 expression. Conclusion Our results indicated that MSC-AS1 facilitated CRC progression by sponging miR-325 to upregulate TRIM14 expression. We suggested that MSC-AS1 might be a potential lncRNA-target for CRC therapy.
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25
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Wang Z. LncRNA CCAT1 downregulation increases the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:654-663. [PMID: 33955133 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate if the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells can be regulated by long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) colon cancer associated transcript1 (CCAT1). CCAT1 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in NSCLC cells (A549, H1299, SK-MES1, H460, and H647) and human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE). H460 and A549 cells were then selected for the determination of CCAT1 expression after exposure to radiation (0, 2, 4, 6 Gy) at different time points (0, 6, 12, 24 h). Colony forming assay was performed to evaluate the effects of CCAT1 siRNA or pcDNA3.1-CCAT1 vector on the radiosensitivity of H460 and A549 cells. Then, flow cytometry, western blotting and qRT-PCR were also conducted. CCAT1 was increased in NSCLC cells when compared with 16HBE cells, which was declined in a time- and dosage-dependent manner after exposure to radiation. The H460 and A549 cell colonies were decreased and the γ-H2AX expression was elevated with the increase of radiation dosage, which was more obvious in those transfected with CCAT1 siRNA. CCAT1 downregulation arrested NSCLC cells at G2/M phase. Moreover, the enhanced apoptosis of radiotherapy-treated NSCLC cells with reductions of p-p38/p38, p-ERK/ERK, and p-JNK/JNK was promoted by siCCAT1, but it was reversed by pcDNA3.1-CCAT1 vector. Inhibiting CCAT1 regulated cell cycle, DNA damage and apoptosis of NSCLC cells, and affected MAPK pathway, eventually improving the radiosensitivity of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy 2, Yantai Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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He J, Wu F, Han Z, Hu M, Lin W, Li Y, Cao M. Biomarkers (mRNAs and Non-Coding RNAs) for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer - From the Body Fluid to Tissue Level. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632834. [PMID: 33996548 PMCID: PMC8118670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been continuously improved, but the mortality rate continues to be high, especially in advanced patients. CRC patients usually have no obvious symptoms in the early stage and are already in the advanced stage when they are diagnosed. The 5-year survival rate is only 10%. The blood markers currently used to screen for CRC, such as carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, have low sensitivity and specificity, whereas other methods are invasive or too expensive. As a result, recent research has shifted to the development of minimally invasive or noninvasive biomarkers in the form of body fluid biopsies. Non-coding RNA molecules are composed of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and circular RNAs, which have important roles in the occurrence and development of diseases and can be utilized for the early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. In this review, we focus on the latest findings of mRNA-ncRNA as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC, from fluid to tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifeng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weida Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuguang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingrong Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang Y, Yan X, Li X, Ma Y, Goel A. Long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer: Novel oncogenic mechanisms and promising clinical applications. Cancer Lett 2021; 504:67-80. [PMID: 33577977 PMCID: PMC9715275 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the improvements in CRC diagnosis and treatment approaches, a considerable proportion of CRC patients still suffers from poor prognosis due to late disease detections and lack of personalized disease managements. Recent evidences have not only provided important molecular insights into their mechanistic behaviors but also indicated that identification of cancer-specific long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) could benefit earlier disease detections and improve treatment outcomes in patients suffering from CRC. LncRNAs have raised extensive attentions as they participate in various hallmarks of CRC. The mechanistic evidence gleaned in the recent decade clearly reveals that lncRNAs exert their oncogenic roles by regulating autophagy, epigenetic modifications, enhancing stem phenotype and modifying tumor microenvironment. In view of their pleiotropic functional roles in malignant progression, and their frequently dysregulated expression in CRC patients, they have great potential to be reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets for CRC. In the present review, we will focus on the oncogenic roles of lncRNAs and related mechanisms in CRC as well as discuss their clinical potential in the early diagnosis, prognostic prediction and therapeutic translation in patients with this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Hussen BM, Gharebaghi A, Eghtedarian R, Taheri M. LncRNA signature in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 222:153432. [PMID: 33857856 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent cancers and is associated with high mortality particularly when being diagnosed in advanced stages. Although several environmental and intrinsic risk factors have been identified, the underlying cause of CRC is not clear in the majority of cases. Several studies especially in the recent decade have pointed to the role of epigenetic factors in this kind of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as important contributors in the epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the initiation, progression and metastasis of CRC. Tens of oncogenic lncRNAs and a lower number of tumor suppressor lncRNAs have been recently identified to be dysregulated in CRC cells and tissues. Notably, expressions of a number of these transcripts have been dysregulated in serum samples of CRC patients, providing a non-invasive route for detection of this kind of cancer. The involvement of lncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy has provided them the ability to modulate response of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic modalities. In the current manuscript, we review the studies which evaluated the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of CRC to appraise their application as diagnostic/ prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Alireza Gharebaghi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reyhane Eghtedarian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Xiao ZS, Zhao L, Zhang XN, Li HX, Yin ZH. Effect of rs67085638 in long non-coding RNA (CCAT1) on colon cancer chemoresistance to paclitaxel through modulating the microRNA-24-3p and FSCN1. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3744-3753. [PMID: 33709519 PMCID: PMC8051717 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that rs67085638 in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA)-CCAT1 was associated with the risk of tumorigenesis. Also, CCAT1 could affect chemoresistance of cancer cells to paclitaxel (PTX) via regulating miR-24-3p and FSCN1 expression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of rs67085638 on the expression of CCAT1/miR-24-3p/FSCN1 and the response of colon cancer to the treatment of PTX. 48 colon cancer patients were recruited and grouped by their genotypes of rs67085638 polymorphism as a CC group (N = 28) and a CT group (N = 20). PCR analysis, IHC assay and Western blot, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were conducted. LncRNA-CCAT1 and FSCN1 mRNA/protein were overexpressed, whereas miR-24-3p was down-regulated in the CT-genotyped patients and cells compared with those in the CC-genotyped patients and cells. The survival of colon cancer cells was decreased, whereas the apoptosis of colon cancer cells was increased by PTX treatment in a dose-dependent manner. MiR-24-3p was validated to target lncRNA-CCAT1 and FSCN1 mRNA, and the overexpression of CCAT1 could reduce the expression of miR-24-3p although elevating the expression of FSCN1. Knockdown of lncRNA-CCAT1 partly reversed the suppressed growth of CT-genotyped tumours. And the knockdown of lncRNA-CCAT1 partly reversed the dysregulation of lncRNA-CCAT1 and FSCN1 mRNA/protein in rs67085638-CT + NC shRNA mice. The findings of this study demonstrated that the presence of the minor allele of rs67085638 increased the expression of CCAT1 and accordingly enhanced the resistance to PTX. Down-regulation of CCAT1 significantly re-stored the sensitivity to PTX of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Sheng Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Han-Xian Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yin
- Department of Anorectal Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Jonaitis P, Kiudelis V, Streleckiene G, Gedgaudas R, Skieceviciene J, Kupcinskas J. Novel Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Gastrointestinal Diseases. Dig Dis 2021; 40:1-13. [PMID: 33647906 DOI: 10.1159/000515522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various noninvasive biomarkers have been used in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of different gastrointestinal (GI) diseases for years. Novel technological developments and profound perception of molecular processes related to GI diseases over the last decade have allowed researchers to evaluate genetic, epigenetic, and many other potential molecular biomarkers in different diseases and clinical settings. Here, we present a review of recent and most relevant articles in order to summarize major findings on novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of benign and malignant GI diseases. SUMMARY Genetic variations, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and microbiome-based biomarkers have been extensively analyzed as potential biomarkers in benign and malignant GI diseases. Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been linked with a number of GI diseases, and these observations are further being used to build up disease-specific genetic risk scores. Micro-RNAs and long ncRNAs have a large potential as noninvasive biomarkers in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases and GI tumors. Altered microbiome profiles were observed in multiple GI diseases, but most of the findings still lack translational clinical application. As of today, cfDNA appears to be the most potent biomarker for early detection and screening of GI cancers. Key Messages: Novel noninvasive molecular biomarkers show huge potential as useful tools in the diagnostics and management of different GI diseases. However, the use of these biomarkers in real-life clinical practice still remains limited, and further large studies are needed to elucidate the ultimate role of these potential noninvasive clinical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Jonaitis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Kiudelis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Streleckiene
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Gedgaudas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Ruiz-Bañobre J, Goel A. Genomic and epigenomic biomarkers in colorectal cancer: From diagnosis to therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 151:231-304. [PMID: 34148615 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Despite ongoing efforts aimed at increasing screening for CRC and early detection, and development of more effective therapeutic regimens, the overall morbidity and mortality from this malignancy remains a clinical challenge. Therefore, identifying and developing genomic and epigenomic biomarkers that can improve CRC diagnosis and help predict response to current therapies are of paramount importance for improving survival outcomes in CRC patients, sparing patients from toxicity associated with current regimens, and reducing the economic burden associated with these treatments. Although efforts to develop biomarkers over the past decades have achieved some success, the recent availability of high-throughput analytical tools, together with the use of machine learning algorithms, will likely hasten the development of more robust diagnostic biomarkers and improved guidance for clinical decision-making in the coming years. In this chapter, we provide a systematic and comprehensive overview on the current status of genomic and epigenomic biomarkers in CRC, and comment on their potential clinical significance in the management of patients with this fatal malignancy, including in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ruiz-Bañobre
- Medical Oncology Department, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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The potential of long noncoding RNAs for precision medicine in human cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:12-19. [PMID: 33359450 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine promises to better classify patients by individual clinical and biological biomarkers, which may provide an accurate assessment of disease risk, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response. Cancer frequently displays substantial inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity and hence oncology is well suited for application of precision approaches. Recent studies have demonstrated that dysregulated lncRNAs play pivotal roles in tumor heterogeneity. In this review, attention is focused on the potential applications of lncRNAs as biomarker candidates for cancer risk evaluation, detection, surveillance and prognosis. LncRNAs are often stable in clinical samples and easily detected. The functional implications and therapeutic potential of targeting lncRNAs in human cancer are further discussed. Finally, existing deficiencies and future perspectives in translating fundamental lncRNA knowledge into clinical practice are highlighted.
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Schwarzmueller L, Bril O, Vermeulen L, Léveillé N. Emerging Role and Therapeutic Potential of lncRNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3843. [PMID: 33352769 PMCID: PMC7767007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the intestinal epithelium is dependent on the control of stem cell (SC) proliferation and differentiation. The fine regulation of these cellular processes requires a complex dynamic interplay between several signaling pathways, including Wnt, Notch, Hippo, EGF, Ephrin, and BMP/TGF-β. During the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), key events, such as oncogenic mutations, influence these signaling pathways, and tilt the homeostatic balance towards proliferation and dedifferentiation. Therapeutic strategies to specifically target these deregulated signaling pathways are of particular interest. However, systemic blocking or activation of these pathways poses major risks for normal stem cell function and tissue homeostasis. Interestingly, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as potent regulators of key cellular processes often deregulated in cancer. Because of their exceptional tissue and tumor specificity, these regulatory RNAs represent attractive targets for cancer therapy. Here, we discuss how lncRNAs participate in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and how they can contribute to the deregulation of each signaling pathway in CRC. Finally, we describe currently available molecular tools to develop lncRNA-targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schwarzmueller
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.S.); (O.B.); (L.V.)
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Bril
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.S.); (O.B.); (L.V.)
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.S.); (O.B.); (L.V.)
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Léveillé
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.S.); (O.B.); (L.V.)
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liao C, Guo Y, Gong Y, Huang X, Liao X, Wang X, Ruan G, Gao F. Clinical implications and nomogram prediction of long noncoding RNA FRGCA as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in colon adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22806. [PMID: 33126318 PMCID: PMC7598802 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, especially colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been implicated in tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential diagnostic and prognostic values of lncRNA FRGCA in COAD.The data of 438 COAD patients were retrieved for analysis. Diagnostic significance was evaluated using tumor and nontumor tissues. Prognostic significance was evaluated using a Cox proportional regression model. Stratified analysis was performed to identify associations between clinical factors and lncRNA FRGCA expression. A nomogram was constructed using the clinical factors and lncRNA FRGCA for survival prediction. Enrichment analysis identified gene ontologies and metabolic pathways of mRNAs with high Pearson correlation coefficients with lncRNA FRGCA.lncRNA FRGCA was highly expressed in tumor tissues of COAD and demonstrated diagnostic value (area under curve = 0.763, P < .0001). Prognostic significance analysis indicated that lncRNA FRGCA had prognostic value in COAD [adjusted P < .001, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.444, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.288-0.685] and high expression of lncRNA FRGCA indicated better survival in COAD. A nomogram was evaluated for prediction of survival at 1, 3, and 5 years. Enrichment analysis revealed many mRNAs involved in the structural constituents of the mitochondrial inner membrane and translational termination, protein binding, translation, ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic pathways, especially the nucleoplasm.Differentially expressed in tumor vs nontumor tissues, lncRNA FRGCA had both diagnostic and prognostic implications in COAD, which may be associated with ribosome metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and nucleoplasm-related metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Liao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Yizhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Guotian Ruan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
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Mao D, Jie Y, Lv Y. LncRNA SNHG6 Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Pituitary Adenoma Via Suppressing MiR-944. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 37:246-255. [PMID: 32935999 PMCID: PMC9127839 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common primary brain tumor with invasive properties. Despite that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) exerts oncogenic function in cancer cells and that miR-944 inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells are well documented, few studies have explored the function and mechanism of SNHG6 and miR-944 in invasive pituitary adenoma (IPA). Materials and Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of SNHG6 and miR-944 in PA samples. Human PA cell line HP75 was used as a cell model. The biological effects of SNHG6 and miR-944 on HP75 cells were investigated with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Transwell assay, and scratch healing assay in vitro, respectively. Markers of EMT, including E-cadherin and vimentin, were detected by Western blot. Interactions between SNHG6 and miR-944, miR-944 and RAB11A were determined by bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR, and dual luciferase reporter assay. Results: SNHG6 was significantly upregulated in IPA samples, whereas miR-944 was downregulated. SNHG6 markedly promoted viability, migration, invasion, and EMT of PA cells, whereas miR-944 transfection had the opposite effects. SNHG6 could downregulate miR-944, and there was a negative correlation between SNHG6 expression and miR-944 expression in IPA samples. Besides, it was confirmed that miR-944 could pair with the 3′-untranslated region of RAB11A and repress its expression. Conclusions: This study authenticates that the SNHG6/miR-994/RAB11A axis plays a crucial role in regulating proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of IPA cells. SNHG6 and miR-994 can serve as novel valuable therapeutic targets for IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Jie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
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Zaheed O, Samson J, Dean K. A bioinformatics approach to identify novel long, non-coding RNAs in breast cancer cell lines from an existing RNA-sequencing dataset. Noncoding RNA Res 2020; 5:48-59. [PMID: 32206740 PMCID: PMC7078458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer research has traditionally centred on genomic alterations, hormone receptor status and changes in cancer-related proteins to provide new avenues for targeted therapies. Due to advances in next generation sequencing technologies, there has been the emergence of long, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as regulators of normal cellular events, with links to various disease states, including breast cancer. Here we describe our bioinformatic analyses of a previously published RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset to identify lncRNAs with altered expression levels in a subset of breast cancer cell lines. Using a previously published RNA-seq dataset of 675 cancer cell lines, a subset of 18 cell lines was selected for our analyses that included 16 breast cancer lines, one ductal carcinoma in situ line and one normal-like breast epithelial cell line. Principal component analysis demonstrated correlation with well-established categorisation methods of breast cancer (i.e. luminal A/B, HER2 enriched and basal-like A/B). Through detailed comparison of differentially expressed lncRNAs in each breast cancer sub-type with normal-like breast epithelial cells, we identified 15 lncRNAs with consistently altered expression, including three uncharacterised lncRNAs. Utilising data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Genotype Tissue Expression (GETx) project via Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2), we assessed clinical relevance of several identified lncRNAs with invasive breast cancer. Lastly, we determined the relative expression level of six lncRNAs across a spectrum of breast cancer cell lines to experimentally confirm the findings of our bioinformatic analyses. Overall, we show that the use of existing RNA-seq datasets, if re-analysed with modern bioinformatic tools, can provide a valuable resource to identify lncRNAs that could have important biological roles in oncogenesis and tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kellie Dean
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
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Esmaeili M, Keshani M, Vakilian M, Esmaeili M, Peymani M, Seyed Forootan F, Chau TL, Göktuna SI, Zaker SR, Nasr Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K. Role of non-coding RNAs as novel biomarkers for detection of colorectal cancer progression through interaction with the cell signaling pathways. Gene 2020; 753:144796. [PMID: 32450203 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer which affects the colon and the rectum. Approximately one third of annual CRC mortality occurs due to the late detection of this type of cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more powerful diagnostic and prognostic tools for identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathology of CRC and also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis in numerous cancers. Recently, attention has turned towards ncRNAs as specific targets for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of various types of cancers, including CRC. In this review, we have tried to outline the roles of ncRNAs, and their involvement in signaling pathways responsible for the progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Esmaeili
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Keshani
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Vakilian
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain.
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farzad Seyed Forootan
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Legal Medicine Research Centre, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tieu Lan Chau
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Ismail Göktuna
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Institute (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sayed Rasoul Zaker
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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Siskova A, Cervena K, Kral J, Hucl T, Vodicka P, Vymetalkova V. Colorectal Adenomas-Genetics and Searching for New Molecular Screening Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093260. [PMID: 32380676 PMCID: PMC7247353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant disease with an incidence of over 1.8 million new cases per year worldwide. CRC outcome is closely related to the respective stage of CRC and is more favorable at less advanced stages. Detection of early colorectal adenomas is the key to survival. In spite of implemented screening programs showing efficiency in the detection of early precancerous lesions and CRC in asymptomatic patients, a significant number of patients are still diagnosed in advanced stages. Research on CRC accomplished during the last decade has improved our understanding of the etiology and development of colorectal adenomas and revealed weaknesses in the general approach to their detection and elimination. Recent studies seek to find a reliable non-invasive biomarker detectable even in the blood. New candidate biomarkers could be selected on the basis of so-called liquid biopsy, such as long non-coding RNA, microRNA, circulating cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells, and inflammatory factors released from the adenoma into circulation. In this work, we focused on both genetic and epigenetic changes associated with the development of colorectal adenomas into colorectal carcinoma and we also discuss new possible biomarkers that are detectable even in adenomas prior to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siskova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.C.); (J.K.); (V.V.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.V.); Tel.: +420-241062251 (A.S.); +420-241062694 (P.V.)
| | - Klara Cervena
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.C.); (J.K.); (V.V.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kral
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.C.); (J.K.); (V.V.)
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomas Hucl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.C.); (J.K.); (V.V.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.V.); Tel.: +420-241062251 (A.S.); +420-241062694 (P.V.)
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.C.); (J.K.); (V.V.)
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 4, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Agostini M, Ganini C, Candi E, Melino G. The role of noncoding RNAs in epithelial cancer. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 32194993 PMCID: PMC7067833 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of RNAs transcribed by regions of the human genome that do not encode for proteins. The three main members of this class, named microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA play a key role in the regulation of gene expression, eventually shaping critical cellular processes. Compelling experimental evidence shows that ncRNAs function either as tumor suppressors or oncogenes by participating in the regulation of one or several cancer hallmarks, including evading cell death, and their expression is frequently deregulated during cancer onset, progression, and dissemination. More recently, preclinical and clinical studies indicate that ncRNAs are potential biomarkers for monitoring cancer progression, relapse, and response to cancer therapy. Here, we will discuss the role of noncoding RNAs in regulating cancer cell death, focusing on those ncRNAs with a potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 106, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP UK
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Chandrapalan S, Arasaradnam RP. Urine as a biological modality for colorectal cancer detection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:489-496. [PMID: 32130868 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1738928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults warrants early and preferably noninvasive diagnostic modalities. Although the current stool-based assays have had good performance indicators for CRC detection, the overall poor uptake remains a challenging issue. However, alternative blood and urine markers are emerging.Areas covered: This paper discusses the various urinary biomarkers available for the detection of CRC. The more commonly encountered drawbacks are the small number of studies and the size of the study population. We discuss the role of microRNA and ProstaglandinE2 in CRC detection. The emergence of new, low-cost technologies, specifically in the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), presents a promising future. We postulate possible mechanisms for the origin of these VOCs in urine and their role in carcinogenesis.Expert opinion: Urinary biomarkers provide an alternative option to the stool-based screening tests. MicroRNA and ProstaglandinE2 have shown utility in CRC detection. Evidence so far suggests that VOCs could also be a potential biomarker for the detection of CRC. In addition to its interaction within the colon lumen, this altered 'VOC signature' might also play a role in carcinogenesis. Low-cost technology may enable such diagnostic methods to be utilized at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashini Chandrapalan
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Ramesh P Arasaradnam
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Health, Biological & Experimental Sciences, University of Coventry, Coventry, UK.,School of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Cheng M, Zhang ZW, Ji XH, Xu Y, Bian E, Zhao B. Super-enhancers: A new frontier for glioma treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188353. [PMID: 32112817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the human brain. Although there are a variety of treatments, such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, glioma is still an incurable disease. Super-enhancers (SEs) are implicated in the control of tumor cell identity, and they promote oncogenic transcription, which supports tumor cells. Inhibition of the SE complex, which is required for the assembly and maintenance of SEs, may repress oncogenic transcription and impede tumor growth. In this review, we discuss the unique characteristics of SEs compared to typical enhancers, and we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of their properties and biological role in gene regulation. Additionally, we highlight that SE-driven lncRNAs, miRNAs and genes are involved in the malignant phenotype of glioma. Most importantly, the application of SE inhibitors in different cancer subtypes has introduced new directions in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zheng Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xing Hu Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yadi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
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Gu C, Zou S, He C, Zhou J, Qu R, Wang Q, Qi J, Zhou M, Yan S, Ye Z. Long non-coding RNA CCAT1 promotes colorectal cancer cell migration, invasiveness and viability by upregulating VEGF via negative modulation of microRNA-218. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2543-2550. [PMID: 32256733 PMCID: PMC7086191 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding (lnc) RNA is aberrantly expressed in numerous types of cancer. Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy; however, the role and mechanism underlying the influence of lncRNA-colon cancer associated transcript 1 (CCAT1) in colorectal cancer is yet to be elucidated. The present study revealed that CCAT1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues. Bioinformatics analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that CCAT1 and microRNA (miR)-218 had complementary binding sites. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR revealed that miR-218 was downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared with paired adjacent healthy tissues. To investigate the biological effects of CCAT1 on colorectal cancer cells, MTT and Transwell assays were performed. The results revealed that when compared with the control group, CCAT1-short hairpin (sh)RNA significantly inhibited colorectal cancer cell (SW480) viability and decreased migration and invasiveness. In addition, CCAT1-shRNA significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in SW480 cells; however, these effects were partially rescued by an miR-218 inhibitor. Furthermore, it was revealed that the CCAT1-plasmid significantly promoted the viability of SW480 cells, increased cell migration and invasiveness, and significantly increased VEGF expression. However, these effects were also partially rescued by with a miR-218 mimic. Taken together, the present results identified that the CCAT1/miR-218 axis serves a key role in the regulation of colorectal cancer progression, which may be used as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Shitao Zou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Chao He
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Suzhou Cancer Center Core Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Qu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Qi
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery Department, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- General Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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Sun M, Shen Z. Knockdown of Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) Colon Cancer-Associated Transcript-1 (CCAT1) Suppresses Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration by Inhibiting the Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2)/ERK/AKT Axis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920020. [PMID: 32009633 PMCID: PMC7020735 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence shows that lncRNAs are involved in carcinogenesis or suppression in diverse cancers. This study assessed the biological role of lncRNA CCAT1 in OSCC and explored the underlying molecule mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS CCAT1 and DDR2 expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Colony formation assay and CCK-8 assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometric analysis and Western blot analysis. In addition, wound healing and Transwell assay were used to assess cell migration and invasion, respectively. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were employed to identify the interaction between DDR2 and CCAT1. Protein levels involved in DDR2/ERK/AKT pathway were estimated by Western blot assay. RESULTS The findings revealed that CCAT1expression was upregulated in OSCC cell lines. Knockdown of CCAT1 repressed cell proliferation, blocked the cell cycle, and suppressed the invasion and migration of TCA-8113 cells. Moreover, DDR2 expression in OSCC cell lines was downregulated and CCAT1 silencing repressed the expression of DDR2. RIP assays validated the binding of CCAT1 and DDR2 protein. Moreover, CCAT1 silencing suppressed the ERK/AKT signaling through DDR2 in TCA-8113 cells. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of CCAT1 suppressed TCA-8113 cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by inactivation of the ERK/AKT pathway via inhibition of DDR2, suggesting the value of CCAT1 in diagnosis and treatment of patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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44
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Talebi A, Masoodi M, Mirzaei A, Mehrad-Majd H, Azizpour M, Akbari A. Biological and clinical relevance of metastasis-associated long noncoding RNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:848-868. [PMID: 31310341 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a foremost cancer-related death worldwide owing to rapid metastasis and poor prognosis. Metastasis, as the most important reason for death, is biologically a multifaceted process involving a range of cell signaling pathways. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as transcriptional regulators, can regulate numerous genomic processes and cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. LncRNAs have also been shown to involve in/regulate the cancer metastasis-related signaling pathways. Hence, they have increasingly been brought to international attention in molecular oncology research. A number of researchers have attempted to reveal the biological and clinical relevance of lncRNAs in ESCC tumourigenesis and metastasis. The aberrant expression of these molecules in ESCC has regularly been reported to involve in various cellular processes and clinical features, including diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responses. Here, we especially consider the pathways in which lncRNAs act as metastasis-mediated effectors, mainly by interacting with epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated factors. We review the biological roles of lncRNAs through involving in ESCC metastasis as well as the clinical significance of the metastasis-related lncRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Talebi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Masoodi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mehrad-Majd
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mazaher Azizpour
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Jung G, Hernández-Illán E, Moreira L, Balaguer F, Goel A. Epigenetics of colorectal cancer: biomarker and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:111-130. [PMID: 31900466 PMCID: PMC7228650 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, evolves as a result of the stepwise accumulation of a series of genetic and epigenetic alterations in the normal colonic epithelium, leading to the development of colorectal adenomas and invasive adenocarcinomas. Although genetic alterations have a major role in a subset of CRCs, the pathophysiological contribution of epigenetic aberrations in this malignancy has attracted considerable attention. Data from the past couple of decades has unequivocally illustrated that epigenetic marks are important molecular hallmarks of cancer, as they occur very early in disease pathogenesis, involve virtually all key cancer-associated pathways and, most importantly, can be exploited as clinically relevant disease biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostication and prediction of treatment response. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge on the best-studied epigenetic modifications in CRC, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, as well as the role of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic regulators. We focus on the emerging potential for the bench-to-bedside translation of some of these epigenetic alterations into clinical practice and discuss the burgeoning evidence supporting the potential of emerging epigenetic therapies in CRC as we usher in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Jung
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Hernández-Illán
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain.,;
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA.,;
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46
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Zhang Q, Lin Z, Zhang H, Bao X, Zhang H. Prediction of overall survival time in patients with colon adenocarcinoma using DNA methylation profiling of long non-coding RNAs. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1496-1504. [PMID: 32002035 PMCID: PMC6960387 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a subgroup of RNAs able to regulate gene expression at the epigenetic level, and are therefore central to the regulation of numerous biological processes and the progression of multiple cancer types. However, lncRNAs have not been identified to considerably influence overall survival (OS) outcome in numerous different types of cancer. The majority of studies investigating the association between lncRNAs and epigenetic regulation have focused on their altered expression levels in cancerous cells, and few studies have focused on determining the correlation between lncRNAs and OS time. In the present study, comprehensive lncRNA expression analysis was performed on a cohort of patients diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method (LASSO). Subsequently, the construction of a prognostic methylation-based predictive system was performed based on the results of LASSO analysis. Functional enrichment analysis of lncRNA co-expression genes was also performed. According to the results of the present study, the classifier was able to significantly predict the prognosis of patients with COAD, and the investigation of the relevant elucidated genes further revealed the mechanism of COAD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Lin
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Bao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Huxiang Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
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Hu M, Zhang Q, Tian XH, Wang JL, Niu YX, Li G. lncRNA CCAT1 is a biomarker for the proliferation and drug resistance of esophageal cancer via the miR-143/PLK1/BUBR1 axis. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:2207-2217. [PMID: 31544294 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that long noncoding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript-1 (lncRNA CCAT1) is abundantly expressed in esophageal cancer and is closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of this disease. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of CCAT1 in the cell proliferation and chemoresistance of esophageal cancer are largely unknown. The correlation between CCAT1 expression and drug resistance to cisplatin (CDDP) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells was analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. CCAT1 knockdown and miR-143 overexpression or inhibition were used to verify the effects on proliferation and drug resistance via MTT, western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence assays. qRT-PCR and western blotting were applied to detect the potential regulatory relationship among CCAT1, miR-143, PLK1, and BUBR1. A xenograft tumor assay was performed to validate the role of CCAT1 in vivo. The expression of CCAT1 was positively correlated with drug resistance in several ESCC cell lines. CCAT1 knockdown and miR-143 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and CDDP drug resistance. Moreover, the downstream target of CCAT1 was found to be miR-143, which can regulate the expression of PLK1 and BUBR1. In vivo assays showed that CCAT1 knockdown suppressed tumor growth and enhanced the sensitivity of tumors to CDDP in nude mice. Taken together, we discovered a novel mechanism by which CCAT1 promotes cell proliferation and enhances drug resistance by regulating the miR-143/PLK1/BUBR1 signaling axis both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings further suggest that lncRNA CCAT1 may be a potential therapeutic target for overcoming chemoresistance in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Tian
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin-Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Niu
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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48
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Kalmár A, Nagy ZB, Galamb O, Csabai I, Bodor A, Wichmann B, Valcz G, Barták BK, Tulassay Z, Igaz P, Molnár B. Genome-wide expression profiling in colorectal cancer focusing on lncRNAs in the adenoma-carcinoma transition. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1059. [PMID: 31694571 PMCID: PMC6836529 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a fundamental role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, however, lncRNA expression profiles in CRC and its precancerous stages remain to be explored. We aimed to study whole genomic lncRNA expression patterns in colorectal adenoma–carcinoma transition and to analyze the underlying functional interactions of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs. Methods LncRNA expression levels of colonic biopsy samples (20 CRCs, 20 adenomas (Ad), 20 healthy controls (N)) were analyzed with Human Transcriptome Array (HTA) 2.0. Expression of a subset of candidates was verified by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH) analyses. Furthermore, in silico validation was performed on an independent HTA 2.0, on HGU133Plus 2.0 array data and on the TCGA COAD dataset. MiRNA targets of lncRNAs were predicted with miRCODE and lncBase v2 algorithms and miRNA expression was analyzed on miRNA3.0 Array data. MiRNA-mRNA target prediction was performed using miRWALK and c-Met protein levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Comprehensive lncRNA-mRNA-miRNA co-expression pattern analysis was also performed. Results Based on our HTA results, a subset of literature-based CRC-associated lncRNAs showed remarkable expression changes already in precancerous colonic lesions. In both Ad vs. normal and CRC vs. normal comparisons 16 lncRNAs, including downregulated LINC02023, MEG8, AC092834.1, and upregulated CCAT1, CASC19 were identified showing differential expression during early carcinogenesis that persisted until CRC formation (FDR-adjusted p < 0.05). The intersection of CRC vs. N and CRC vs. Ad comparisons defines lncRNAs characteristic of malignancy in colonic tumors, where significant downregulation of LINC01752 and overexpression of UCA1 and PCAT1 were found. Two candidates with the greatest increase in expression in the adenoma-carcinoma transition were further confirmed by qRT-PCR (UCA1, CCAT1) and by ISH (UCA1). In line with aberrant expression of certain lncRNAs in tumors, the expression of miRNA and mRNA targets showed systematic alterations. For example, UCA1 upregulation in CRC samples occurred in parallel with hsa-miR-1 downregulation, accompanied by c-Met target mRNA overexpression (p < 0.05). Conclusion The defined lncRNA sets may have a regulatory role in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma transition. A subset of CRC-associated lncRNAs showed significantly differential expression in precancerous samples, raising the possibility of developing adenoma-specific markers for early detection of colonic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kalmár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary. .,Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Brigitta Nagy
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Igaz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str. 46, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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49
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Galamb O, Barták BK, Kalmár A, Nagy ZB, Szigeti KA, Tulassay Z, Igaz P, Molnár B. Diagnostic and prognostic potential of tissue and circulating long non-coding RNAs in colorectal tumors. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5026-5048. [PMID: 31558855 PMCID: PMC6747286 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i34.5026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are members of the non-protein coding RNA family longer than 200 nucleotides. They participate in the regulation of gene and protein expression influencing apoptosis, cell proliferation and immune responses, thereby playing a critical role in the development and progression of various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). As CRC is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide with high mortality, its screening and early detection are crucial, so the identification of disease-specific biomarkers is necessary. LncRNAs are promising candidates as they are involved in carcinogenesis, and certain lncRNAs (e.g., CCAT1, CRNDE, CRCAL1-4) show altered expression in adenomas, making them potential early diagnostic markers. In addition to being useful as tissue-specific markers, analysis of circulating lncRNAs (e.g., CCAT1, CCAT2, BLACAT1, CRNDE, NEAT1, UCA1) in peripheral blood offers the possibility to establish minimally invasive, liquid biopsy-based diagnostic tests. This review article aims to describe the origin, structure, and functions of lncRNAs and to discuss their contribution to CRC development. Moreover, our purpose is to summarise lncRNAs showing altered expression levels during tumor formation in both colon tissue and plasma/serum samples and to demonstrate their clinical implications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Galamb
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barbara K Barták
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsófia B Nagy
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
| | - Krisztina A Szigeti
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
| | - Peter Igaz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
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50
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M. Colon Cancer-Associated Transcripts 1 and 2: Roles and functions in human cancers. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14581-14600. [PMID: 30693526 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) Colon Cancer-Associated Transcripts 1 and 2 (CCAT1 and CCAT2) are located in a recurrently amplified region in cancers. Their proximity with the Myc oncogene and their interactions with its promoter provided further evidence for their contribution in the tumorigenesis processes. Several cell line and clinical studies have shown upregulation of these lncRNAs in diverse malignancies. Moreover, some single nucleotide variants within these genes have been associated with cancer risk or therapeutic response in different populations. Besides, these two lncRNAs act as sponges for some tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs), thus promoting cancer evolution. In the current study, we review recent literature about their expression level, interaction with cancer-related pathways, their role in determination of cell fate and their contribution in malignant phenotype characteristics. Taken together, the current literature shows that these lncRNAs are putative targets for design of novel treatment strategies. Moreover, their expression levels in biopsied samples, exosomes, and sera of patients might be applied as diagnostic biomarkers or markers for patient follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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