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Kamath AJ, Chandy AS, Joseph AA, Gorantla JN, Donadkar AD, Nath LR, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Embelin: A multifaceted anticancer agent with translational potential in targeting tumor progression and metastasis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:1311-1329. [PMID: 38234968 PMCID: PMC10792175 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Embelin, a natural para-benzoquinone product, is derived from plants of the Embelia genus, particularly Embelia ribes Burm.f. A staple in traditional medicinal formulations for centuries, Embelin's pharmacological actions are attributed to the hydroxyl benzoquinone present in its structure. Its therapeutic potential is bolstered by unique physical and chemical properties. Recently, Embelin, recognized as a non-peptidic, cell-permeable small inhibitor of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), has garnered significant attention for its anticancer activity. It demonstrates various anticancer mechanisms, such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy, in different cancer types. Additionally, Embelin modulates several signal transduction pathways, including NF-κB, PI3Kinase/AKT, and STAT3, effectively inhibiting the proliferation of diverse cancer cell lines. This literature review illuminates the anticancer potential of Embelin, detailing its mechanisms of action and prospective clinical applications, based on relevant scientific literature from the past decade sourced from various electronic databases. See also the Graphical abstract(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Jayaprakash Kamath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Alda Sara Chandy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Aina Ann Joseph
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Jaggiah N. Gorantla
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit-48202, Michigan, USA
| | - Asawari Dilip Donadkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Lekshmi R. Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Abdulrahman N, Leo R, Boumenar HA, Ahmad F, Mateo JM, Jochebeth A, Al-Sowaidi NK, Sher G, Ansari AW, Alam M, Uddin S, Ahmad A, Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J. Embelin inhibits viability of cutaneous T cell lymphoma cell lines HuT78 and H9 by targeting inhibitors of apoptosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:2236-2248. [PMID: 37708450 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2256909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a varied group of neoplasms that affects the skin. Acquired resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs and associated toxic side effects are limitations that warrant search for novel drugs against CTCL. Embelin (EMB) is a naturally occurring benzoquinone derivative that has gained attention owing to its anticancer pharmacological actions and nontoxic nature. We assessed the anticancer activity of EMB against CTCL cell lines, HuT78, and H9. EMB inhibited viability of CTCL cells in a dose-dependent manner. EMB activated extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis as shown by the activation of initiator and executioner caspases. EMB-induced apoptosis also involved suppression of inhibitors of apoptosis, XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2. PARP cleavage and upregulation of pH2AX indicated DNA damage induced by EMB. In conclusion, we characterized a novel apoptosis-inducing activity of EMB against CTCL cells, implicating EMB as a potential therapeutic agent against CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Abdulrahman
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rari Leo
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hasna Amal Boumenar
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jericha M Mateo
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anh Jochebeth
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Gulab Sher
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul W Ansari
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majid Alam
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, School of Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Bioactive Compounds from Rhinacanthus nasutus Cell Suspension Culture. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151994. [PMID: 35956472 PMCID: PMC9370634 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The potential benefits of natural plant extracts have received attention in recent years, encouraging the development of natural products that effectively treat various diseases. This is the first report on establishing callus and cell suspension cultures of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz. A yellow friable callus was successfully induced from in vitro leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg/L 1-naphthalene acetic acid. A selected friable callus line was used to establish the cell suspension culture with the same medium. The antioxidant assays showed that the leaf- and ethanolic-suspension-cultured cell (SCC) extracts exhibited high antioxidant potential. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity revealed by the MTT assay demonstrated potent antiproliferative effects against the oral cancer cell lines ORL-48 and ORL-136 in a dose-dependent manner. Several groups of compounds, including terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, quinones, and stilbenes, were identified by UHPLC–QToF–MS, with the same compounds detected in leaf and SCC extracts, including austroinulin, lucidenic acid, esculetin, embelin, and quercetin 3-(2″-p-hydroxybenzoyl-4″-p-coumarylrhamnoside). The present study suggests the value of further investigations for phytochemical production using R. nasutus cell suspension culture.
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Chavez-Dominguez R, Perez-Medina M, Aguilar-Cazares D, Galicia-Velasco M, Meneses-Flores M, Islas-Vazquez L, Camarena A, Lopez-Gonzalez JS. Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:722999. [PMID: 34881173 PMCID: PMC8645998 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.722999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens or genotoxic agents continuously affect the human body. Acute inflammatory reaction induced by a non-sterile or sterile environment is triggered for the efficient elimination of insults that caused the damage. According to the insult, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns, and homeostasis-altering molecular processes are released to facilitate the arrival of tissue resident and circulating cells to the injured zone to promote harmful agent elimination and tissue regeneration. However, when inflammation is maintained, a chronic phenomenon is induced, in which phagocytic cells release toxic molecules damaging the harmful agent and the surrounding healthy tissues, thereby inducing DNA lesions. In this regard, chronic inflammation has been recognized as a risk factor of cancer development by increasing the genomic instability of transformed cells and by creating an environment containing proliferation signals. Based on the cancer immunoediting concept, a rigorous and regulated inflammation process triggers participation of innate and adaptive immune responses for efficient elimination of transformed cells. When immune response does not eliminate all transformed cells, an equilibrium phase is induced. Therefore, excessive inflammation amplifies local damage caused by the continuous arrival of inflammatory/immune cells. To regulate the overstimulation of inflammatory/immune cells, a network of mechanisms that inhibit or block the cell overactivity must be activated. Transformed cells may take advantage of this process to proliferate and gradually grow until they become preponderant over the immune cells, preserving, increasing, or creating a microenvironment to evade the host immune response. In this microenvironment, tumor cells resist the attack of the effector immune cells or instruct them to sustain tumor growth and development until its clinical consequences. With tumor development, evolving, complex, and overlapping microenvironments are arising. Therefore, a deeper knowledge of cytokine, immune, and tumor cell interactions and their role in the intricated process will impact the combination of current or forthcoming therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Perez-Medina
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Galicia-Velasco
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Meneses-Flores
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Islas-Vazquez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel Camarena
- Laboratorio de Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose S Lopez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Devi Daimary U, Girisa S, Parama D, Verma E, Kumar A, Kunnumakkara AB. Embelin: A novel XIAP inhibitor for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22950. [PMID: 34842329 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are a serious health concern worldwide, especially in the elderly population. Most chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular ailments, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases are caused due to the abnormal functioning of multiple signaling pathways that give rise to critical anomalies in the body. Although a lot of advanced therapies are available, these have failed to entirely cure the disease due to their less efficacy. Apart from this, they have been shown to manifest disturbing side effects which hamper the patient's quality of life to the extreme. Since the last few decades, extensive studies have been done on natural herbs due to their excellent medicinal benefits. Components present in natural herbs target multiple signaling pathways involved in diseases and therefore hold high potential in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. Embelin, a benzoquinone, is one such agent isolated from Embelia ribes, which has shown excellent biological activities toward several chronic ailments by upregulating a number of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, CAT, GSH, etc.), inhibiting anti-apoptotic genes (e.g., TRAIL, XIAP, survivin, etc.), modulating transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, STAT3, etc.) blocking inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, etc.), monitoring cell cycle synchronizing genes (e.g., p53, cyclins, CDKs, etc.), and so forth. Several preclinical studies have confirmed its excellent therapeutic activities against malicious diseases like cancer, obesity, heart diseases, Alzheimer's, and so forth. This review presents an overview of embelin, its therapeutic prospective, and the molecular targets in different chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Elika Verma
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Wang J, Zhang H, Kaul A, Li K, Priyandoko D, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Effect of Ashwagandha Withanolides on Muscle Cell Differentiation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101454. [PMID: 34680087 PMCID: PMC8533065 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is used in Indian traditional medicine, Ayurveda, and is believed to have a variety of health-promoting effects. The molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying these effects have not yet been sufficiently explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of Ashwagandha extracts and their major withanolides (withaferin A and withanone) on muscle cell differentiation using C2C12 myoblasts. We found that withaferin A and withanone and Ashwagandha extracts possessing different ratios of these active ingredients have different effects on the differentiation of C2C12. Withanone and withanone-rich extracts caused stronger differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes, deaggregation of heat- and metal-stress-induced aggregated proteins, and activation of hypoxia and autophagy pathways. Of note, the Parkinson’s disease model of Drosophila that possess a neuromuscular disorder showed improvement in their flight and climbing activity, suggesting the potential of Ashwagandha withanolides for the management of muscle repair and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 3058565, Japan; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Huayue Zhang
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 3058565, Japan; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Ashish Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 3058565, Japan; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Kejuan Li
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 3058565, Japan; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.C.K.)
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Didik Priyandoko
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 3058565, Japan; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.C.K.)
- Department of Biology, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bangdung 40154, Indonesia
| | - Sunil C. Kaul
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 3058565, Japan; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.C.K.)
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 3058565, Japan; (J.W.); (H.Z.); (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.P.); (S.C.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Yazarlu O, Iranshahi M, Kashani HRK, Reshadat S, Habtemariam S, Iranshahy M, Hasanpour M. Perspective on the application of medicinal plants and natural products in wound healing: A mechanistic review. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105841. [PMID: 34419563 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wound is defined as any injury to the body such as damage to the epidermis of the skin and disturbance to its normal anatomy and function. Since ancient times, the importance of wound healing has been recognized, and many efforts have been made to develop novel wound dressings made of the best material for rapid and effective wound healing. Medicinal plants play a great role in the wound healing process. In recent decades, many studies have focused on the development of novel wound dressings that incorporate medicinal plant extracts or their purified active compounds, which are potential alternatives to conventional wound dressings. Several studies have also investigated the mechanism of action of various herbal medicines in wound healing process. This paper attempts to highlight and review the mechanistic perspective of wound healing mediated by plant-based natural products. The findings showed that herbal medicines act through multiple mechanisms and are involved in various stages of wound healing. Some herbal medicines increase the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) which play important role in stimulation of re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, formation of granulation tissue, and collagen fiber deposition. Some other wound dressing containing herbal medicines act as inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression thereby inducing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various phases of the wound healing process. Besides the growing public interest in traditional and alternative medicine, the use of herbal medicine and natural products for wound healing has many advantages over conventional medicines, including greater effectiveness due to diverse mechanisms of action, antibacterial activity, and safety in long-term wound dressing usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Yazarlu
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sara Reshadat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories and Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maede Hasanpour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Basha NJ, Basavarajaiah SM, Baskaran S, Kumar P. A comprehensive insight on the biological potential of embelin and its derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3054-3068. [PMID: 34304655 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1955361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring bioactive molecules are known for their diverse biological applications such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Also, some of the natural products act as medicinal drugs. Further, bioactive cell-permeable molecule embelin has been reported for its diverse biological activities such as antimalarial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory in the literature. With the continuation of our research work on biologically active molecules, based on structural activity relationship and docking studies of embelin and its derivatives, we have reported target-specific anticancer and antimalarial activities of embelin and its analogs. Also, it has been reported in many recent research articles that embelin and its derivatives are known to possess medicinal properties. This review mainly highlights recent reports on broad-spectrum biological activities of the embelin and its analogs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Swathi Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bangalore, India
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Singh RS, Singh A, Kaur H, Batra G, Sarma P, Kaur H, Bhattacharyya A, Sharma AR, Kumar S, Upadhyay S, Tiwari V, Avti P, Prakash A, Medhi B. Promising traditional Indian medicinal plants for the management of novel Coronavirus disease: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4456-4484. [PMID: 34132429 PMCID: PMC8441711 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Indian medical practices (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and homeopathy) are a vast reservoir of knowledge about medicinal plants. The promising pharmacological properties of these plants have paved the way for developing therapy against novel Coronavirus (CoV) infection. The current review will summarize published works of literature on the effects of traditional Indian medicinal plants against acute respiratory infection (COVID‐19, SARS, Influenza, and Respiratory syncytial virus infection) and registered clinical trials of traditional Indian herbal medicines in COVID‐19. The current study aims to comprehensively evaluate the data of traditional Indian medicinal plants to warrant their use in COVID‐19 management. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched along with different clinical trial databases. A total of 22 relevant traditional Indian medicinal plants (35 relevant studies) were included in the current study having potential antiviral properties against virus‐induced respiratory illness along with promising immunomodulatory and thrombolytic properties. Further, 36 randomized and nonrandomized registered clinical trials were also included that were aimed at evaluating the efficacy of herbal plants or their formulations in COVID‐19 management. The antiviral, immunomodulatory, and thrombolytic activities of the traditional Indian medicinal plants laid down a strong rationale for their use in developing therapies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The study identified some important potential traditional Indian medicinal herbs such as Ocimum tenuiflorum, Tinospora cordifolia, Achyranthes bidentata, Cinnamomum cassia, Cydonia oblonga, Embelin ribes, Justicia adhatoda, Momordica charantia, Withania somnifera, Zingiber officinale, Camphor, and Kabusura kudineer, which could be used in therapeutic strategies against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Soloman Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harpinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gitika Batra
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Phulen Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anusuya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Sector-32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sujata Upadhyay
- Department of Physilogy, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University Campus, Varanasi, India
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Oz M, Lorke DE, Kabbani N. A comprehensive guide to the pharmacologic regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107750. [PMID: 33275999 PMCID: PMC7854082 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has prompted scientists to address an urgent need for defining mechanisms of disease pathology and treatment. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent for COVID-19, employs angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its primary target for cell surface attachment and likely entry into the host cell. Thus, understanding factors that may regulate the expression and function of ACE2 in the healthy and diseased body is critical for clinical intervention. Over 66% of all adults in the United States are currently using a prescription drug and while earlier findings have focused on possible upregulation of ACE2 expression through the use of renin angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, mounting evidence suggests that various other widely administered drugs used in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemias, coagulation disorders, and pulmonary disease may also present a varied risk for COVID-19. Specifically, we summarize mechanisms on how heparin, statins, steroids and phytochemicals, besides their established therapeutic effects, may also interfere with SARS-CoV-2 viral entry into cells. We also describe evidence on the effect of several vitamins, phytochemicals, and naturally occurring compounds on ACE2 expression and activity in various tissues and disease models. This comprehensive review aims to provide a timely compendium on the potential impact of commonly prescribed drugs and pharmacologically active compounds on COVID-19 pathology and risk through regulation of ACE2 and RAS signaling.
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Key Words
- adam17, a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17
- ace, angiotensin i converting enzyme
- ace-inh., angiotensin i converting enzyme inhibitor
- ampk, amp-activated protein kinase
- ang-ii, angiotensin ii
- arb, angiotensin ii type 1-receptor blocker
- ards, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- at1-r, angiotensin ii type 1-receptor
- βarb, β-adrenergic receptor blockers
- bk, bradykinin
- ccb, calcium channel blockers
- ch25h, cholesterol-25-hydroxylase
- copd, chronic obstructive lung disease
- cox, cyclooxygenase
- covid-19, coronavirus disease-2019
- dabk, [des-arg9]-bradykinin
- erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- 25hc, 25-hydroxycholesterol
- hs, heparan sulfate
- hspg, heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- ibd, inflammatory bowel disease
- map, mitogen-activated protein
- mers, middle east respiratory syndrome
- mrb, mineralocorticoid receptor blocker
- nos, nitric oxide synthase
- nsaid, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug
- ras, renin-angiotensin system
- sars-cov, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- sh, spontaneously hypertensive
- s protein, spike protein
- sirt1, sirtuin 1
- t2dm, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- tcm, traditional chinese medicine
- tmprss2, transmembrane protease, serine 2
- tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- ufh, unfractionated heparin
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Oz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Dietrich Ernst Lorke
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadine Kabbani
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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11
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Opata MR, Dreuw A. Embelin's Versatile Photochemistry Makes It a Potent Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3527-3537. [PMID: 33821648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Embelin, a natural product isolated from Embelia ribes, is a promising small-molecular drug for photodynamic anticancer therapy. Using modern quantum chemical methodology, embelin is shown to possess a versatile photochemistry comprising the capability of singlet oxygen generation, excited-state proton transfer, and oxidation. In particular, the detailed molecular mechanisms of singlet oxygen generation and proton transfer upon excitation are studied in great detail. While excited-state proton transfer can damage the protein itself, it also mediates intersystem crossing along its reaction pathway, thus facilitating singlet oxygen generation. When embelin is bound to proteins, all these processes can lead to protein damage and the desired phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rogo Opata
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Murumkar PR, Ghuge RB, Chauhan M, Barot RR, Sorathiya S, Choudhary KM, Joshi KD, Yadav MR. Recent developments and strategies for the discovery of TACE inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:779-801. [PMID: 32281878 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1744559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TNF-α plays a central role in certain autoimmune diseases as well as in inflammation. The current strategy for excluding TNF-α from circulation is to selectively inhibit TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE), an enzyme that cleaves mTNF-α to active TNF-α. Various TACE inhibitors have been discovered by using different strategies to control inflammatory diseases, cancer, and cardiac hypertrophy. AREAS COVERED The present article summarizes the design and discovery of novel TACE inhibitors that have been reported in the literature since 2012 onwards. It also includes some reports concerning the new role that TACE plays in cancer and cardiac hypertrophy. EXPERT OPINION So far, undertaken studies that have looked to design and develop small TACE inhibitors have been discouraging due to the failure of any TACE inhibitors to hit the market. However, some of the latest developments, such as with tartrate-based inhibitors, has given hope to the potentiality of a viable novel selective TACE inhibitor therapeutic in the future. Indeed, some of the novel peptidomimetics and monoclonal antibodies have great potential to pave the way for an effective and safe therapy by selectively inhibiting TACE enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant R Murumkar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara, India
| | - Rahul B Ghuge
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara, India
| | - Monica Chauhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara, India
| | - Rahul R Barot
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara, India
| | - Sharmishtha Sorathiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara, India
| | - Kailash M Choudhary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara, India
| | - Karan D Joshi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara, India
| | - Mange Ram Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara, India
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13
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Wróbel-Biedrawa D, Grabowska K, Galanty A, Sobolewska D, Żmudzki P, Podolak I. Anti-melanoma potential of two benzoquinone homologues embelin and rapanone - a comparative in vitro study. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104826. [PMID: 32169436 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapanone and embelin are simple alkyl benzoquinone derivatives, mainly distributed in the Primulaceae. They have an interesting scope of biological activities including cytotoxicity. As melanoma is one of the most common types of cancer, in many cases resistant to current treatment regimens, the aim of this study was to assess and compare anti-melanoma activity of the two benzoquinones. Cytotoxicity of both compounds towards different melanoma cell lines (A375, HTB140, WM793) and selectivity with respect to normal keratinocytes (HaCaT) were investigated. Furthermore, interactions with a reference chemotherapeutic, doxorubicine, were assessed. Finally, analysis of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of both benzoquinones was conducted as well. Rapanone showed selective and higher than doxorubicine cytotoxic potential against primary melanoma cell line, WM793. Although embelin was also highly cytotoxic, its selectivity was much poorer. Interestingly, in case of HTB140 and HaCaT cell lines a combination of each benzoquinone with doxorubicine potentiated the cytotoxic potential in a synergistic manner. Embelin revealed higher albumin anti-denaturation potential than rapanone but lower than diclofenac sodium. Anti-hyaluronidase effect of both benzoquinones was higher than quercetin. Both compounds showed antioxidant potential although significantly lower as compared to vitamin C. Finally, neither embelin nor rapanone had any inhibitory effect on tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Danuta Sobolewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Irma Podolak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland.
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14
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Li JY, Chen RJ, Huang LT, Lee TY, Lu WJ, Lin KH. Embelin as a Novel Inhibitor of PKC in the Prevention of Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101724. [PMID: 31635287 PMCID: PMC6832570 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Embelin is a quinone derivative and found in the fruits of Embelia ribes Burm.f. Embelin has been identified as a small molecular inhibitor of X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and has multiple biological activities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antitumor effects. However, the effect of embelin in platelets remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the antiplatelet mechanism of embelin. Our data revealed that embelin could inhibit platelet aggregation induced by various agonists, including the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu). Embelin, as well as the PKC inhibitor Ro 31-8220, markedly reduced PDBu-mediated phosphorylation of the PKC substrate, suggesting that embelin may be a PKC inhibitor for platelets. Embelin could block PKC downstream signaling and events, including the inhibition of protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, granule release, and glycoprotein IIbIIIa activation. Moreover, embelin could delay thrombus formation in the mesenteric microvessels of mice, but did not significantly affect the tail bleeding time. In conclusion, we demonstrated that embelin is a PKC inhibitor and possesses antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. The further analysis is necessary to more accurately determine clinical therapeutic potential of embelin in all clinical thromboembolic events with disturbance of thrombocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun Yi Li
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Ray Jade Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Li Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu Yin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wan Jung Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan Hung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
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15
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Phoomak C, Park D, Silsirivanit A, Sawanyawisuth K, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Detarya M, Wongkham C, Lebrilla CB, Wongkham S. O-GlcNAc-induced nuclear translocation of hnRNP-K is associated with progression and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:338-357. [PMID: 30444036 PMCID: PMC6360360 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
O‐GlcNAcylation is a key post‐translational modification that modifies the functions of proteins. Associations between O‐GlcNAcylation, shorter survival of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients, and increased migration/invasion of CCA cell lines have been reported. However, the specific O‐GlcNAcylated proteins (OGPs) that participate in promotion of CCA progression are poorly understood. OGPs were isolated from human CCA cell lines, KKU‐213 and KKU‐214, using a click chemistry‐based enzymatic labeling system, identified using LC‐MS/MS, and searched against an OGP database. From the proteomic analysis, a total of 21 OGPs related to cancer progression were identified, of which 12 have not been previously reported. Among these, hnRNP‐K, a multifaceted RNA‐ and DNA‐binding protein known as a pre‐mRNA‐binding protein, was one of the most abundantly expressed, suggesting its involvement in CCA progression. O‐GlcNAcylation of hnRNP‐K was further verified by anti‐OGP/anti‐hnRNP‐K immunoprecipitations and sWGA pull‐down assays. The perpetuation of CCA by hnRNP‐K was evaluated using siRNA, which revealed modulation of cyclin D1, XIAP, EMT markers, and MMP2 and MMP7 expression. In native CCA cells, hnRNP‐K was primarily localized in the nucleus; however, when O‐GlcNAcylation was suppressed, hnRNP‐K was retained in the cytoplasm. These data signify an association between nuclear accumulation of hnRNP‐K and the migratory capabilities of CCA cells. In human CCA tissues, expression of nuclear hnRNP‐K was positively correlated with high O‐GlcNAcylation levels, metastatic stage, and shorter survival of CCA patients. This study demonstrates the significance of O‐GlcNAcylation on the nuclear translocation of hnRNP‐K and its impact on the progression of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Phoomak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Dayoung Park
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Marutpong Detarya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
| | | | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.,Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
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16
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Prabhu KS, Achkar IW, Kuttikrishnan S, Akhtar S, Khan AQ, Siveen KS, Uddin S. Embelin: a benzoquinone possesses therapeutic potential for the treatment of human cancer. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:961-976. [PMID: 29620447 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been gaining recognition and are becoming a significant part of research in the area of drug development and discovery. Phytochemicals derived from these sources have been comprehensively studied and have displayed a wide range of activities against many fatal diseases including cancer. One such product that has gained recognition from its pharmacological properties and nontoxic nature is embelin, obtained from Embelia ribes. Amid all the vivid pharmacological activities, embelin has gained its prominence in the area of cancer research. Embelin binds to the BIR3 domain of XIAP, preventing the association of XIAP and caspase-9 resulting in the suppression of cell growth, proliferation and migration of various types of cancer cells. Furthermore, embelin modulates anti-apoptotic pathways by suppressing the activity of NF-κB, PI3-kinase/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway - among others. The present review summarizes the various reported effects of embelin on different types of cancer cells and highlights the cellular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti S Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shilpa Kuttikrishnan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kodapully S Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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17
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Ko JH, Lee SG, Yang WM, Um JY, Sethi G, Mishra S, Shanmugam MK, Ahn KS. The Application of Embelin for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29522451 PMCID: PMC6017120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Embelin is a naturally-occurring benzoquinone compound that has been shown to possess many biological properties relevant to human cancer prevention and treatment, and increasing evidence indicates that embelin may modulate various characteristic hallmarks of tumor cells. This review summarizes the information related to the various oncogenic pathways that mediate embelin-induced cell death in multiple cancer cells. The mechanisms of the action of embelin are numerous, and most of them induce apoptotic cell death that may be intrinsic or extrinsic, and modulate the NF-κB, p53, PI3K/AKT, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Embelin also induces autophagy in cancer cells; however, these autophagic cell-death mechanisms of embelin have been less reported than the apoptotic ones. Recently, several autophagy-inducing agents have been used in the treatment of different human cancers, although they require further exploration before being transferred from the bench to the clinic. Therefore, embelin could be used as a potential agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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18
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Embelin and its derivatives unravel the signaling, proinflammatory and antiatherogenic properties of GPR84 receptor. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:185-198. [PMID: 29471103 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GPR84 is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor, expressed on monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils and is significantly upregulated by inflammatory stimuli. The physiological role of GPR84 remains largely unknown. Medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) activate the receptor and have been proposed to be its endogenous ligands, although the high concentrations of MCFAs required for receptor activation generally exceed normal physiological levels. We identified the natural product embelin as a highly potent and selective surrogate GPR84 agonist (originally disclosed in patent application WO2007027661A2, 2007) and synthesized close structural analogs with widely varying receptor activities. These tools were used to perform a comprehensive study of GPR84 signaling and function in recombinant cells and in primary human macrophages and neutrophils. Activation of recombinant GPR84 by embelin in HEK293 cells results in Gi/o as well as G12/13-Rho signaling. In human macrophages, GPR84 initiates PTX sensitive Erk1/2 and Akt phosphorylation, PI-3 kinase activation, calcium flux, and release of prostaglandin E2. In addition, GPR84 signaling in macrophages elicits Gi Gβγ-mediated augmentation of intracellular cAMP, rather than the decrease expected from Giα engagement. GPR84 activation drives human neutrophil chemotaxis and primes them for amplification of oxidative burst induced by FMLP and C5A. Loss of GPR84 is associated with attenuated LPS-induced release of proinflammatory mediators IL-6, KC-GROα, VEGF, MIP-2 and NGAL from peritoneal exudates. While initiating numerous proinflammatory activities in macrophages and neutrophils, GPR84 also possesses GPR109A-like antiatherosclerotic properties in macrophages. Macrophage receptor activation leads to upregulation of cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 and stimulates reverse cholesterol transport. These data suggest that GPR84 may be a target of therapeutic value and that distinct modes of receptor modulation (inhibition vs. stimulation) may be required for inflammatory and atherosclerotic indications.
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19
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Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Nabavizadeh A, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:158-181. [PMID: 28823533 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that better food habits do play important role in cancer prevention and treatment, how dietary agents mediate their effects remains poorly understood. More than thousand different polyphenols have been identified from dietary plants. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanism by which dietary agents can modulate a variety of cell-signaling pathways linked to cancer, including transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activator protein-1 (AP-1), β-catenin/Wnt, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor- gamma (PPAR-γ), Sonic Hedgehog, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2); growth factors receptors (EGFR, VEGFR, IGF1-R); protein Kinases (Ras/Raf, mTOR, PI3K, Bcr-abl and AMPK); and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, interleukins, COX-2, 5-LOX). In addition, modulation of proteasome and epigenetic changes by the dietary agents also play a major role in their ability to control cancer. Both in vitro and animal based studies support the role of dietary agents in cancer. The efficacy of dietary agents by clinical trials has also been reported. Importantly, natural agents are already in clinical trials against different kinds of cancer. Overall both in vitro and in vivo studies performed with dietary agents strongly support their role in cancer prevention. Thus, the famous quote "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" made by Hippocrates 25 centuries ago still holds good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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20
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Erukainure OL, Hafizur RM, Choudhary MI, Adhikari A, Mesaik AM, Atolani O, Banerjee P, Preissner R, Muhammad A, Islam MS. Anti-diabetic effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Clerodendrum volubile: protocatechuic acid suppresses phagocytic oxidative burst and modulates inflammatory cytokines. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:307-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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21
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Cai YD, Zhang Q, Zhang YH, Chen L, Huang T. Identification of Genes Associated with Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone on a Protein–Protein Interaction Network with a Shortest Path Algorithm. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1027-1038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Cai
- School
of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School
of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- College
of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute
of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Martín-Acosta P, Feresin G, Tapia A, Estévez-Braun A. Microwave-Assisted Organocatalytic Intramolecular Knoevenagel/Hetero Diels–Alder Reaction with O-(Arylpropynyloxy)-Salicylaldehydes: Synthesis of Polycyclic Embelin Derivatives. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9738-9756. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martín-Acosta
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (CIBICAN),
Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez No. 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Gabriela Feresin
- Instituto
de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), CP 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto
de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), CP 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (CIBICAN),
Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez No. 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Verma S, Goyal S, Tyagi C, Jamal S, Singh A, Grover A. BIM (BCL-2 interacting mediator of cell death) SAHB (stabilized α helix of BCL2) not always convinces BAX (BCL-2-associated X protein) for apoptosis. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 67:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Lee H, Ko JH, Baek SH, Nam D, Lee SG, Lee J, Yang WM, Um JY, Kim SH, Shim BS, Ahn KS. Embelin Inhibits Invasion and Migration of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells by Suppression of CXC Chemokine Receptor 4, Matrix Metalloproteinases-9/2, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1021-32. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwool Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Geun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 24 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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Shah P, Djisam R, Damulira H, Aganze A, Danquah M. Embelin inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and alters gene expression profiles in breast cancer cells. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:638-44. [PMID: 27031050 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate effect of embelin on proliferation, apoptosis and gene expression profile changes in breast cancer cells. METHODS Cell viability was determined by MTT assay and apoptosis assayed using flow cytometry. Differential expression of 84 genes commonly involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis was assessed by real-time PCR using the Human Breast Cancer RT(2) Profiler PCR Array. RESULTS MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with embelin (0-25μM) for 24 and 96h. Embelin exhibited time and dose dependence in both cell lines and was more potent in inhibiting MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation compared to MCF-7 cells. IC50 for embelin in MDA-MB-231 cells was ∼4.45μM and 3.28μM at 24h and 96h, respectively. In contrast, IC50 for embelin in MCF-7 cells was ∼6.04μM and 4.51μM at 24h and 96h, respectively. Embelin (50μM) induced apoptosis and activated caspase 3 activity in both cell lines when exposed for 72h. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with embelin (10μM) for 24h resulted in significant differential expression of 27 genes commonly involved in breast cancer carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that embelin inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and alters expression of breast cancer focused genes in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Based on RT(2)-PCR array analysis, embelin down-regulated expression of pivotal oncogenes. This knowledge could be beneficial in the development of effective embelin-based therapies for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, USA
| | - Ransford Djisam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, USA
| | - Hamidah Damulira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, USA
| | - Alice Aganze
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, USA
| | - Michael Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, USA.
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26
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Lu H, Wang J, Wang Y, Qiao L, Zhou Y. Embelin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 928:397-418. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Targeting Mortalin by Embelin Causes Activation of Tumor Suppressor p53 and Deactivation of Metastatic Signaling in Human Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138192. [PMID: 26376435 PMCID: PMC4574062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Embelin, a natural quinone found in the fruits of Embelia ribes, is commonly used in Ayurvedic home medicine for a variety of therapeutic potentials including anti-inflammation, anti-fever, anti-bacteria and anti-cancer. Molecular mechanisms of these activities and cellular targets have not been clarified to-date. We demonstrate that the embelin inhibits mortalin-p53 interactions, and activates p53 protein in tumor cells. We provide bioinformatics, molecular docking and experimental evidence to the binding affinity of embelin with mortalin and p53. Binding of embelin with mortalin/p53 abrogates their complex resulted in nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation function of p53 causing growth arrest in cancer cells. Furthermore, analyses of growth factors and metastatic signaling using antibody membrane array revealed their downregulation in embelin-treated cells. We also found that the embelin causes transcriptional attenuation of mortalin and several other proteins involved in metastatic signaling in cancer cells. Based on these molecular dynamics and experimental data, it is concluded that the anticancer activity of embelin involves targeting of mortalin, activation of p53 and inactivation of metastatic signaling.
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