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Li H, Jia C, Li C, Wang Y, Du W, Jiang H. Anthracycline chemicals with anthracyclinone structure exert antitumor effects by inhibiting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in a xenografted gastric tumor model. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:863-877. [PMID: 37344705 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is vital to screen or develop alternative therapeutic drugs with higher curative characteristics and fewer side effects for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer. METHODS Gastric cancer cells were exposed to different auramycin G doses while determining the impact on cell viability, migration, and invasion. Then the antitumor effects of auramycin G, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) and their combination were evaluated. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis regulated by auramycin G and its analogs were investigated. RESULTS Auramycin G inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 23.72 ± 6.36 mg/L and 32.54 ± 5.91 mg/L for AGS and MGC803 cells, respectively. The migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells were significantly inhibited by 10 mg/L auramycin G, which was consistent with the down-regulation of the VEGFR2-VEGFA-pPI3K-pAkt-pErk1 and VEGFR3-VEGFC-pPI3K-pAkt-pmTOR proteins. Notably, the average tumor weights were significantly reduced in both the auramycin G (2.21 ± 0.45 g) of 50 mg/kg body weight and auramycin G + 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) groups (1.33 ± 0.28 g), compared with the control (3.73 ± 0.56 g). Considering that auramycin G decreased the growth of blood and lymphatic vessels while reducing the degree of tumor malignancy, it effectively suppressed tumors by regulating the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic pathways. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed that auramycin G displayed a prominent antitumor activity in gastric tumor models, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, it was confirmed that auramycin G played a specific role in certain gastric cancer cell types, while the mechanism was validated to be associated with angiogenesis- and lymphangiogenesis-related pathway suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Jia
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Du
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongpeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Nejak-Bowen K, Moghe A, Cornuet P, Preziosi M, Nagarajan S, Monga SP. Role and Regulation of p65/β-Catenin Association During Liver Injury and Regeneration: A "Complex" Relationship. Gene Expr 2017; 17:219-235. [PMID: 28474571 PMCID: PMC5700461 DOI: 10.3727/105221617x695762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An important role for β-catenin in regulating p65 (a subunit of NF-κB) during acute liver injury has recently been elucidated through use of conditional β-catenin knockout mice, which show protection from apoptosis through increased activation of p65. Thus, we hypothesized that the p65/β-catenin complex may play a role in regulating processes such as cell proliferation during liver regeneration. We show through in vitro and in vivo studies that the p65/β-catenin complex is regulated through the TNF-α pathway and not through Wnt signaling. However, this complex is unchanged after partial hepatectomy (PH), despite increased p65 and β-catenin nuclear translocation as well as cyclin D1 activation. We demonstrate through both in vitro silencing experiments and chromatin immunoprecipitation after PH that β-catenin, and not p65, regulates cyclin D1 expression. Conversely, using reporter mice we show p65 is activated exclusively in the nonparenchymal (NPC) compartment during liver regeneration. Furthermore, stimulation of macrophages by TNF-α induces activation of NF-κB and subsequent secretion of Wnts essential for β-catenin activation in hepatocytes. Thus, we show that β-catenin and p65 are activated in separate cellular compartments during liver regeneration, with p65 activity in NPCs contributing to the activation of hepatocyte β-catenin, cyclin D1 expression, and subsequent proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nejak-Bowen
- *Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Akshata Moghe
- ‡Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pamela Cornuet
- *Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Morgan Preziosi
- *Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shanmugam Nagarajan
- *Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- *Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- †Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- ‡Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Iwasaki Y, Takamori S, Mitsuoka M, Kashihara M, Nishi T, Murakami D, Matsumoto R, Mifune H, Tajiri Y, Akagi Y. Experimental validation of talc pleurodesis for carcinomatous pleuritis in an animal model. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 64:409-13. [PMID: 27169846 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-016-0653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the change of pleural cavity by talc pleurodesis for carcinomatous pleuritis in an animal model. METHODS Models of malignant pleuritis were produced by an intra-venous injection of lung adenocarcinoma cells to male BALB/c nude mice at 6 weeks of age. Two weeks after the injection, either talc or saline was injected into the left thoracic cavity and the mice were further observed for 4 weeks. Six weeks after the injection, they were killed and the occurrence of lung cancer, amount of pleural effusion, and histological change of the pleural cavity were examined and compared between the two groups with or without talc administration. RESULTS Talc administration caused a significant reduction in pleural effusion with no increase of pleural adhesion. Talc administration resulted in marked pleural thickening compared to saline treatment. The vascular architecture and its area did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION Talc pleurodesis to reduce pleural effusion is valid for carcinomatous pleuritis, potentially through an acceleration of pleural thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Iwasaki
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shinzo Takamori
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Mitsuoka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Kashihara
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Daigo Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Mifune
- Institute of Animal Experimentation, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuji Tajiri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshito Akagi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
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Zhao W, Wang J, Zhu B, Duan Y, Chen F, Nian W, Sun J, Zhang B, Tong Z, Chen Z. IGFBP7 functions as a potential lymphangiogenesis inducer in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1483-92. [PMID: 26706909 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is not only involved in the processes of embryonic development, tissue repair and chronic inflammation, but also in tumor lymphatic metastasis. Metastatic tumor cells spreading through lymphatic vessels occur in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), with regional lymph node metastasis often being the most important prognostic factor for carcinoma patients. Recent research has identified a range of lymphangiogenic growth factors that could conceivably play a great role in promoting tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. The most extensively accepted signaling pathways promoting lymphangiogenesis in tumors include the secreted lymphangiogenic proteins: vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D, and their cognate receptor on lymphatic endothelium VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). Targeting VEGF pathway strategy sometimes failed to decrease tumor metastasis in vivo experiments and clinical trials. It is unclear whether the tumor cells induced the lymphangiogenesis process, while VEGF pathway could not completely illustrate the mechanism of tumor cell lymphatic metastasis. To explore the novel tumor lymphangiogenesis targets, we screened 181 candidate genes between high lymphatic vascular density (LVD) and low LVD in lung adenocarcinomas using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Microarray. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) was proven to be associated with metastatic clinicopathological features and high LVD. Furthermore, by assessing the capability of lymphatic endothelial cell forming lymphatic vessel-like structures in vitro, it appears to enhance lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhong Duan
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Fanglin Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhengtang Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Dual ligand/receptor interactions activate urothelial defenses against uropathogenic E. coli. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16234. [PMID: 26549759 PMCID: PMC4637824 DOI: 10.1038/srep16234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During urinary tract infection (UTI), the second most common bacterial infection, dynamic interactions take place between uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and host urothelial cells. While significant strides have been made in the identification of the virulence factors of UPEC, our understanding of how the urothelial cells mobilize innate defenses against the invading UPEC remains rudimentary. Here we show that mouse urothelium responds to the adhesion of type 1-fimbriated UPEC by rapidly activating the canonical NF-κB selectively in terminally differentiated, superficial (umbrella) cells. This activation depends on a dual ligand/receptor system, one between FimH adhesin and uroplakin Ia and another between lipopolysaccharide and Toll-like receptor 4. When activated, all the nuclei (up to 11) of a multinucleated umbrella cell are affected, leading to significant amplification of proinflammatory signals. Intermediate and basal cells of the urothelium undergo NF-κB activation only if the umbrella cells are detached or if the UPEC persistently express type 1-fimbriae. Inhibition of NF-κB prevents the urothelium from clearing the intracellular bacterial communities, leading to prolonged bladder colonization by UPEC. Based on these data, we propose a model of dual ligand/receptor system in innate urothelial defenses against UPEC.
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Chakraborty S, Zawieja DC, Davis MJ, Muthuchamy M. MicroRNA signature of inflamed lymphatic endothelium and role of miR-9 in lymphangiogenesis and inflammation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C680-92. [PMID: 26354749 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00122.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatics have emerged as critical players in the progression and resolution of inflammation. The goal of this study was to identify specific microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate lymphatic inflammatory processes. Rat mesenteric lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were exposed to the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α for 2, 24, and 96 h, and miRNA profiling was carried out by real-time PCR arrays. Our data demonstrate a specific set of miRNAs that are differentially expressed (>1.8-fold and/or P < 0.05) in LECs in response to tumor necrosis factor-α and are involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell proliferation and senescence. We further characterized the expression of miRNA 9 (miR-9) that was induced in LECs and in inflamed rat mesenteric lymphatics. Our results showed that miR-9 overexpression significantly repressed NF-κB expression and, thereby, suppressed inflammation but promoted LEC tube formation, as well as expression of the prolymphangiogenic molecules endothelial nitric oxide synthase and VEGF receptor type 3. LEC viability and proliferation and endothelial-mesenchymal transition were also significantly induced by miR-9. This study provides the first evidence of a distinct profile of miRNAs associated with LECs during inflammation. It also identifies the critical dual role of miR-9 in fine-tuning the balance between lymphatic inflammatory and lymphangiogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; and
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; and
| | - Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; and
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7
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Jung MK, Ha S, Huh SY, Park SB, Kim S, Yang Y, Kim D, Hur DY, Jeong H, Bang SI, Park H, Cho D. Hair-growth stimulation by conditioned medium from vitamin D3-activated preadipocytes in C57BL/6 mice. Life Sci 2015; 128:39-46. [PMID: 25748421 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recently, immature adipocyte lineage cells have been suggested as a potential hair-growth stimulator. Diverse studies have been attempted to find methods for the preconditioning of immature adipocyte lineage cells. The present study investigates the effect of conditioned medium (CM) from vitamin D3 (Vd3) pre-activated preadipocytes on hair-growth ability. MAIN METHODS To test the effect of CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocytes on hair-growth efficiency in mice, we compared the differences in hair regenerated after injecting CM from mouse preadipocytes pre-activated with or without Vd3. Next, to determine the regulating factors, the VEGF level was measured by ELISA and angiogenesis level was evaluated by IHC. Finally, the signaling mechanism was investigated by inhibitor kinase assay and western blotting. KEY FINDINGS The CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocyte injection markedly promoted the ability of hair regeneration in mice. The VEGF levels were increased by Vd3 treatment in vitro and the CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocytes significantly increased the angiogenesis in vivo, suggesting the involvement of angiognensis in the hair regeneration induced by CM from pre-activated preadipocytes. In signaling study, Vd3-enhanced VEGF production was reduced by an ERK1/2 inhibitor and the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased by treatment with Vd3. SIGNIFICANCE This has been the first report on CM from Vd3 pre-activated preadipocyte displaying stimulatory effects on hair growth via the enhancement of angiogenesis in a hairless-induced C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Jung
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Soogyeong Ha
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Scarlett Yoona Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Connecticut, CT 06269-3042, USA
| | - Seung Beom Park
- Biotech. Team, Cent'l Res. Inst., Ilyang Pharm., Co., Ltd., 359, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-726, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Kim
- Biotech. Team, Cent'l Res. Inst., Ilyang Pharm., Co., Ltd., 359, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-726, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoolhee Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 110-745, Republic of Korea
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-Ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Ik Bang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 110-745, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunjeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daeho Cho
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-Dong 2-Ka, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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Narunsky L, Oren R, Bochner F, Neeman M. Imaging aspects of the tumor stroma with therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:192-208. [PMID: 24134903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on extensive support from the stroma in order to survive, proliferate and invade. The tumor stroma is thus an important potential target for anti-cancer therapy. Typical changes in the stroma include a shift from the quiescence promoting-antiangiogenic extracellular matrix to a provisional matrix that promotes invasion and angiogenesis. These changes in the extracellular matrix are induced by changes in the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and glucose amino glycans, extravasation of plasma proteins from hyperpermeable vessels and release of matrix modifying enzymes resulting in cleavage and cross-linking of matrix macromolecules. These in turn alter the rigidity of the matrix and the exposure and release of cytokines. Changes in matrix rigidity and vessel permeability affect drug delivery and mediate resistance to cytotoxic therapy. These stroma changes are brought about not only by the cancer cells, but also through the action of many cell types that are recruited by tumors including immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Within the tumor, these normal host cells are activated resulting in loss of inhibitory and induction of cancer promoting activities. Key to the development of stroma-targeted therapies, selective biomarkers were developed for specific imaging of key aspects of the tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Narunsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Filip Bochner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Guo Q, Liu Y, Xu K, Ren K, Sun W. Mouse lymphatic endothelial cell targeted probes: anti-LYVE-1 antibody-based magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2273-84. [PMID: 23818783 PMCID: PMC3693816 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s45817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the specific targeting property of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 binding polyethylene glycol-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (LYVE-1-PEG-USPIO) nanoparticles to mouse lymphatic endothelial cells (MLECs). Methods A ligand specific target to lymphatic vessels was selected by immunohistochemical staining on the sections of a Lewis subcutaneous transplanted tumor. The z-average hydrodynamic diameter (HD), zeta potential, and the relaxivity of PEG-USPIO and LYVE-1-PEG-USPIO nanoparticles were determined with a laser particle analyzer and magnetic resonance T2 spin echo sequence, respectively. Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of nanoparticle labeled cells were performed to determine the nanoparticles’ binding form. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in vitro to evaluate the signal enhancement on the T2 spin echo sequence of the nanoparticle labeled cells. The iron content of the labeled cells after the Prussian blue staining and MRI scanning was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results The anti-LYVE-1 antibody was used as the specific ligand to synthesize the target probe to the MLECs. The mean z-average HDs of the LYVE-1-PEG-USPIO and PEG-USPIO nanoparticles were 57.42 ± 0.31 nm and 47.91 ± 0.73 nm, respectively, and the mean zeta potentials of the LYVE-1-PEG-USPIO and PEG-USPIO nanoparticles were 12.38 ± 4.87 mV and 2.57 ± 0.83 m V, respectively. The relaxivities of the LYVE-1-PEG-USPIO and PEG-USPIO nanoparticles were 185.48 mM−1s−1 and 608.32 mM−1s−1. Cells binding nanoparticles were visualized as blue granules in the Prussian blue staining. The TEM results of the labeled cells showed the specific localization of nanoparticles. The AAS results of labeled cells after the Prussian blue staining and MRI scanning showed that the LYVE-1-PEG-USPIO nanoparticles had good binding selectivity for MLECs. MRI results indicated that the PEG-USPIO and LYVE-1-PEG-USPIO nanoparticles could generate contrast on T2-weighted imaging, and the correlation between R2 and the iron content of the labeled cells was significantly positive. Conclusion This study demonstrated that LYVE-1-PEG-USPIO nanoparticles might potentially be used as an MRI contrast agent for targeting MLECs, and the magnetic properties of LYVE-1-PEG-USPIO nanoparticles were suitable for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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Autoimmunity to uroplakin II causes cystitis in mice: a novel model of interstitial cystitis. Eur Urol 2011; 61:193-200. [PMID: 21719190 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis (IC) is unknown. Deficits in urothelial cell layers and autoimmune mechanisms may play a role. OBJECTIVE To examine whether immunization of mice with recombinant mouse uroplakin II (rmUPK2), a bladder-specific protein, would provoke an autoimmune response sufficient to create an IC phenotype. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS RmUPK2 complementary DNA was generated, transferred into a bacterial expression vector, and the generated protein was purified. Eight-week-old SWXJ female mice were immunized with rmUPK2 protein via subcutaneous injection of 200μg of rmUPK2 protein in 200μl of an emulsion. MEASUREMENTS Mice were euthanized 5 wk after immunization. Axillary and inguinal lymph node cells were tested for antigen-specific responsiveness and cytokine production, serum isotype antibody titers against rmUPK2 were determined, and gene expression of inflammatory mediators was measured in the bladder and other organs. For functional analysis, mice were placed in urodynamic chambers for 24-h micturition frequency and total voided urine measurements. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Immunization with rmUPK2 resulted in T-cell infiltration of the bladder urothelium and increased rmUPK2-specific serum antibody responses in the experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC) mice models compared with controls. The ratio of bladder to body weight was increased in EAC mice. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis showed elevated gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, interleukin (IL)-17A, and IL-1β in bladder urothelium but not in other organs. Evaluation of 24-h micturition habits of EAC mice showed significantly increased urinary frequency (p<0.02) and significantly decreased urine output per void (p<0.021) when compared with control mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that a bladder-specific autoimmune response sufficient to induce inflammation and EAC occurs in mice following immunization with rmUPK2. EAC mice displayed significant evidence of urinary frequency and decreased urine output per void. Further phenotype characterization of EAC mice should include evidence for pain and/or afferent hypersensitivity, and evidence of urothelial cell layer damage.
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Yang H, Kim C, Kim MJ, Schwendener RA, Alitalo K, Heston W, Kim I, Kim WJ, Koh GY. Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 suppresses lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:36. [PMID: 21481239 PMCID: PMC3080348 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most bladder cancer patients experience lymphatic metastasis in the course of disease progression, yet the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis is not well known. The aim of this study is to elucidate underlying mechanisms of how expanded lymphatic vessels and tumor microenvironment interacts each other and to find effective therapeutic options to inhibit lymphatic metastasis. Results The orthotopic urinary bladder cancer (OUBC) model was generated by intravesical injection of MBT-2 cell lines. We investigated the angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and CD11b+/CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) by using immunofluorescence staining. OUBC displayed a profound lymphangiogenesis and massive infiltration of TAM in primary tumor and lymphatic metastasis in lymph nodes. TAM flocked near lymphatic vessels and express higher levels of VEGF-C/D than CD11b- cells. Because VEGFR-3 was highly expressed in lymphatic vascular endothelial cells, TAM could assist lymphangiogenesis by paracrine manner in bladder tumor. VEGFR-3 expressing adenovirus was administered to block VEGF-C/D signaling pathway and clodronate liposome was used to deplete TAM. The blockade of VEGF-C/D with soluble VEGF receptor-3 markedly inhibited lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in OUBC. In addition, the depletion of TAM with clodronate liposome exerted similar effects on OUBC. Conclusion VEGF-C/D are the main factors of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer. Moreover, TAM plays an important role in these processes by producing VEGF-C/D. The inhibition of lymphangiogenesis could provide another therapeutic target to inhibit lymphatic metastasis and recurrence in patients with invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Yang
- National Research Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Saban MR, Sferra TJ, Davis CA, Simpson C, Allen A, Maier J, Fowler B, Knowlton N, Birder L, Wu XR, Saban R. Neuropilin-VEGF signaling pathway acts as a key modulator of vascular, lymphatic, and inflammatory cell responses of the bladder to intravesical BCG treatment. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 299:F1245-56. [PMID: 20861073 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00352.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that VEGF receptors and coreceptors (neuropilins; NRP) are expressed on nonendothelial cells in human bladder urothelium, in one human bladder cancer cell line (J82), and in the mouse bladder urothelium. In addition, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, NRP1, and NRP2 expressions were upregulated in animal models of chronic bladder inflammation induced by four weekly instillations of protease-activated receptors (PAR)-activating peptides or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) into the mouse bladder. Here, we used four weekly instillations of BCG as a model for chronic bladder inflammation to further investigate whether VEGF receptors and NRPs play a role in the migration of inflammatory cells and inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis. For this purpose, we used neutralizing antibodies that were engineered to specifically block the binding of VEGF to NRP (anti-NRP1(B)) and the binding of semaphorins to NRP (anti-NRP1(A)). C57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal injections of PBS, anti-NRP1(A)- or anti-NRP1(B)-neutralizing antibodies and then were challenged chronically with intravesical PBS or BCG. At the end of chronic challenge period, a fluorescent internalizable tracer, scVEGF/Cy5.5, was administered to all mice and near-infrared fluorescence images were obtained in vivo and in real time. BCG increased the overall accumulation of scVEGF/Cy5.5 in the urinary bladder urothelium and inflammatory cells. In addition, BCG increased the density of blood and lymphatic vessels concomitantly with an upregulation of NRP2 expression in lymphatic vessels. Treatment of the mice with NRP1-neutralizing antibodies dramatically reduced scVEGF/Cy5.5 uptake, polymorphonuclear (myeloperoxidase-positive cells) and dendritic cell (CD11c-positive cells) infiltration, and decreased the overall density of BCG-induced blood and lymphatic vessels. These results implicate NRPs as critical in vivo regulators of the vascular and inflammatory responses to the intravesical administration of BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Saban
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
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Wang F, Li HM, Wang HP, Ma JL, Chen XF, Wei F, Yi MY, Huang Q. siRNA-mediated knockdown of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 suppresses the growth and metastasis of mouse bladder carcinoma in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:899-904. [PMID: 22993616 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2010.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of solid tumors is highly dependent on the formation of new blood and/or lymph vessels. Furthermore, metastases often disperse via newly formed blood or lymphatic vessels within the tumor, particularly in the case of epithelium-derived tumors. Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling plays a vital role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, we used the small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach to selectively down-regulate VEGF-A, VEGF-C or VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) expression in bladder transitional carcinoma cells derived from T739 mice in an attempt to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The synthetic siRNA was introduced into the tumor tissues by in vivo electroporation. The knockdown of VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression significantly delayed tumor growth and reduced tumor metastasis compared to the negative controls. Thus, electroporation-mediated siRNA delivery to block the VEGF signaling pathway may provide a novel approach for the treatment or prevention of solid tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Experimental Center, First People's Hospital, Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Vandoorne K, Addadi Y, Neeman M. Visualizing vascular permeability and lymphatic drainage using labeled serum albumin. Angiogenesis 2010; 13:75-85. [PMID: 20512410 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-010-9170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During the early stages of angiogenesis, following stimulation of endothelial cells by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the vascular wall is breached, allowing high molecular weight proteins to leak from the vessels to the interstitial space. This hallmark of angiogenesis results in deposition of a provisional matrix, elevation of the interstitial pressure and induction of interstitial convection. Albumin, the major plasma protein appears to be an innocent bystander that is significantly affected by these changes, and thus can be used as a biomarker for vascular permeability associated with angiogenesis. Traditionally, albumin leak in superficial organs was followed by colorimetry or morphometry with the use of albumin binding vital dyes. Over the last years, the introduction of tagged-albumin that can be detected by various imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, opened new possibilities for quantitative three dimension dynamic analysis of permeability in any organ. Using these tools it is now possible to follow not only vascular permeability, but also interstitial convection and lymphatic drain. Active uptake of tagged albumin by caveolae-mediated endocytosis opens the possibility for using labeled albumin for vital staining of cells and cell tracking. This approach was used for monitoring recruitment of perivascular stroma fibroblasts associated with tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Vandoorne
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Difference in abundance of blood and lymphatic capillaries in the murine epididymis. Med Mol Morphol 2010; 43:37-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-009-0473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bade S, Röckendorf N, Franek M, Gorris HH, Lindner B, Olivier V, Schaper KJ, Frey A. Biolabeling with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid derivatives: the 2,4-D tag. Anal Chem 2010; 81:9695-702. [PMID: 19873999 DOI: 10.1021/ac901900n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Many bioanalytic and diagnostic procedures rely on labels with which the molecule of interest can be tracked in or discriminated from accompanying like substances. Herein, we describe a new labeling and detection system based on derivatives of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and anti-2,4-D antibodies. The 2,4-D system is highly sensitive with a K(D) of 7 x 10(-11) M for the hapten-antibody pair, can be used on a large variety of biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, is not hampered by endogenous backgrounds because 2,4-D is a xenobiotic, and is robust because 2,4-D is a very stable compound that withstands the conditions of most reactions usually performed on biomolecules. With this unique blend of properties, the 2,4-D system compares favorably with its rivals digoxigenin (DIG)/anti-DIG and biotin/(strept)avidin and provides an interesting and powerful tool in biomolecular labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Bade
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 22, 23845 Borstel, Germany
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Afonso J, Santos LL, Amaro T, Lobo F, Longatto-Filho A. The aggressiveness of urothelial carcinoma depends to a large extent on lymphovascular invasion--the prognostic contribution of related molecular markers. Histopathology 2010; 55:514-24. [PMID: 19912357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Bladder cancer is the second most common malignancy of the urogenital region. The majority of bladder cancer deaths occur as a consequence of metastatic disease. Blood vessel density (BVD), a surrogate marker for angiogenesis, has been shown to be predictive of progression and poor prognosis, as well as lymphatic vessel density (LVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate, in human urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), the clinical and prognostic significance of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and lymphovascular invasion, assessed with the use of specific immunohistochemical markers. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry for CD31 (a blood vessel endothelial cell marker), D2-40 (a lymphatic vessel endothelial cell marker), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-receptor 3 antibodies was performed in 83 patients with urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical cystectomy. The classic histopathological characteristics, associated with lymphovascular invasion and loco-regional dissemination, had a negative influence on 5-year overall survival (OS) rates. BVD and LVD were correlated with advanced and poorly differentiated UBC with lymphovascular invasion. Blood vessel invasion (BVI) by malignant emboli assessed by CD31 staining, and lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) by isolated malignant cells assessed by D2-40 staining significantly affected OS. VEGF-C overexpression was correlated with both BVI and LVI by single malignant cells assessed by CD31 and D2-40, respectively. BVI by malignant emboli assessed by CD31 staining remained as an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS Patients with UBC with embolic BVI assessed by CD31 and LVI by isolated malignant cells assessed by D2-40 have a worse prognosis and may benefit from adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Afonso
- Instituto Superior de Saúde do Alto Ave, Isave, Portugal
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Tannic acid and quercetin display a therapeutic effect in atopic dermatitis via suppression of angiogenesis and TARC expression in Nc/Nga mice. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:1459-63. [PMID: 20054339 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bolenz C, Fernández MI, Tilki D, Herrmann E, Heinzelbecker J, Ergün S, Ströbel P, Reich O, Michel MS, Trojan L. The role of lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic tumour spread of urological cancers. BJU Int 2009; 104:592-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.08704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jung MK, Song SB, Cheon SY, Park Y, Park H, Kim C, Cho BJ, Lee WJ, Bang JW, Bang SI, Cho D. Botulinum toxin enhances the implantation effect of adipocytes in C57/BL6 mice. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2009; 33:722-9. [PMID: 19626359 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-009-9394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, many plastic surgeons have been using adipogenic-differentiated cell implantation for remodeling scars in patients. However, this technique is not a long-term solution because implanted cells disappear gradually. Therefore, we investigated a method to increase the grafted cell preservation rate by using an effective adjuvant, botulinum toxin. METHODS The adipogenic-differentiated cells were subcutaneously injected in the dorsal area of C57/BL6 mice with or without botulinum toxin. Two and six weeks later we analyzed the residual volume and confirmed the characteristics of the implanted cells by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Two and six weeks after transplantation we found that the residual volume of the transplantation site was higher in the botulinum toxin-treated group than in the untreated group. We also confirmed that the residual transplanted area has characteristics of adipogenic tissue by histological analysis. Next, to determine the mechanism related to the enhanced preservation rate of grafted cells via treatment with botulinum toxin, we performed immunohistochemical staining for the angiogenesis-related marker CD31. We found that CD31 expression was higher in the botulinum toxin-treated group than in the untreated group. CONCLUSION We have shown that in vivo grafted adipocyte cell preservation can be enhanced by treatment with botulinum toxin as an adjuvant. We suggest that botulinum toxin further increases this graft preservation rate by enhancing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Jung
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
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Blei F. Literature watch. Adrenomedullin signaling is necessary for murine lymphatic vascular development. Lymphat Res Biol 2008; 6:45-59. [PMID: 18361770 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2008.6102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Saban MR, Backer JM, Backer MV, Maier J, Fowler B, Davis CA, Simpson C, Wu XR, Birder L, Freeman MR, Soker S, Hurst RE, Saban R. VEGF receptors and neuropilins are expressed in the urothelial and neuronal cells in normal mouse urinary bladder and are upregulated in inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F60-72. [PMID: 18463314 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00618.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence supports a role for vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) signaling in bladder inflammation. However, it is not clear what bladder cells are targeted by VEGF. Therefore, we determined the nature of cells responding to VEGF in normal and inflamed bladders by tagging such cells in vivo with a targeted fluorescent tracer, scVEGF/Cy, an engineered single-chain VEGF labeled with Cy5.5 dye, which identifies cells with accessible and functionally active VEGF receptors. Inflammation was induced by intravesical instillation of PAR-activating peptides or BCG. In vivo NIRF imaging with intravenously injected scVEGF/Cy revealed accumulation of the tracer in the control mouse bladder and established that inflammation increased the steady-state levels of tracer uptake. Ex vivo colocalization of Cy5.5 dye revealed that in normal and at a higher level in inflamed bladder, accumulation of scVEGF/Cy occurs in both urothelial and ganglial cells, expressing VEGF receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, as well as VEGF coreceptors neuropilins (NRP) NRP1 and NRP2. PCR results indicate that the messages for VEGF-Rs and NRPs are present in the bladder mucosa and ChIP/QPCR analysis indicated that inflammation induced upregulation of genes encoding VEGFRs and NRPs. Our results strongly suggest new and blossoming VEGF-driven processes in bladder urothelial cells and ganglia in the course of inflammation. We expect that molecular imaging of the VEGF pathway in the urinary tract by receptor-mediated cell tagging in vivo will be useful for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, and will help to accelerate the development of bladder-targeting drugs and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Saban
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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