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Stefanik O, Majerova P, Kovac A, Mikus P, Piestansky J. Capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of therapeutic peptides-A review. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:120-164. [PMID: 37705480 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides are a growing class of innovative drugs with high efficiency and a low risk of adverse effects. These biomolecules fall within the molecular mass range between that of small molecules and proteins. However, their inherent instability and potential for degradation underscore the importance of reliable and effective analytical methods for pharmaceutical quality control, therapeutic drug monitoring, and compliance testing. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has long time been the "gold standard" conventional method for peptide analysis, but capillary electrophoresis (CE) is increasingly being recognized as a complementary and, in some cases, superior, highly efficient, green, and cost-effective alternative technique. CE can separate peptides composed of different amino acids owing to differences in their net charge and size, determining their migration behavior in an electric field. This review provides a comprehensive overview of therapeutic peptides that have been used in the clinical environment for the last 25 years. It describes the properties, classification, current trends in development, and clinical use of therapeutic peptides. From the analytical point of view, it discusses the challenges associated with the analysis of therapeutic peptides in pharmaceutical and biological matrices, as well as the evaluation of CE as a whole and the comparison with LC methods. The article also highlights the use of microchip electrophoresis, nonaqueous CE, and nonconventional hydrodynamically closed CE systems and their applications. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of developing new CE-based analytical methods to ensure the high quality, safety, and efficacy of therapeutic peptides in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Stefanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Targeting Human Proteins for Antiviral Drug Discovery and Repurposing Efforts: A Focus on Protein Kinases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020568. [PMID: 36851782 PMCID: PMC9966946 DOI: 10.3390/v15020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great technological and medical advances in fighting viral diseases, new therapies for most of them are still lacking, and existing antivirals suffer from major limitations regarding drug resistance and a limited spectrum of activity. In fact, most approved antivirals are directly acting antiviral (DAA) drugs, which interfere with viral proteins and confer great selectivity towards their viral targets but suffer from resistance and limited spectrum. Nowadays, host-targeted antivirals (HTAs) are on the rise, in the drug discovery and development pipelines, in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry. These drugs target host proteins involved in the virus life cycle and are considered promising alternatives to DAAs due to their broader spectrum and lower potential for resistance. Herein, we discuss an important class of HTAs that modulate signal transduction pathways by targeting host kinases. Kinases are considered key enzymes that control virus-host interactions. We also provide a synopsis of the antiviral drug discovery and development pipeline detailing antiviral kinase targets, drug types, therapeutic classes for repurposed drugs, and top developing organizations. Furthermore, we detail the drug design and repurposing considerations, as well as the limitations and challenges, for kinase-targeted antivirals, including the choice of the binding sites, physicochemical properties, and drug combinations.
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3
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D’Agostino M, Di Cecco M, Marani C, Vigili MG, Sileno S, Volpi CC, Gloghini A, Avitabile D, Magenta A, Rahimi S. Positive Linear Relationship between Nucleophosmin Protein Expression and the Viral Load in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Possible Tool for Stratification of Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043482. [PMID: 36834892 PMCID: PMC9967283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) are human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated, high-risk (HR) cancers that show a better response to chemoradiotherapy and are associated with improved survival. Nucleophosmin (NPM, also called NPM1/B23) is a nucleolar phosphoprotein that plays different roles within the cell, such as ribosomal synthesis, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair and centrosome duplication. NPM is also known as an activator of inflammatory pathways. An increase in NPM expression has been observed in vitro in E6/E7 overexpressing cells and is involved in HPV assembly. In this retrospective study, we investigated the relationship between the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of NPM and HR-HPV viral load, assayed by RNAScope in situ hybridization (ISH), in ten patients with histologically confirmed p16-positive OPSCC. Our findings show that there is a positive correlation between NPM expression and HR-HPV mRNA (Rs = 0.70, p = 0.03), and a linear regression (r2 = 0.55; p = 0.01). These data support the hypothesis that NPM IHC, together with HPV RNAScope, could be used as a predictor of transcriptionally active HPV presence and tumor progression, which is useful for therapy decisions. This study includes a small cohort of patients and, cannot report conclusive findings. Further studies with large series of patients are needed to support our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D’Agostino
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Cecco
- Experimental Immunology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Marani
- Division of Histopathology, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giovanni Vigili
- Head and Neck Surgery Departments, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Sileno
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology IFT, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Costanza Volpi
- Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Magenta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology IFT, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Siavash Rahimi
- Anatomic Pathology Department, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (S.R.)
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Winiewska-Szajewska M, Czapinska H, Kaus-Drobek M, Fricke A, Mieczkowska K, Dadlez M, Bochtler M, Poznański J. Competition between electrostatic interactions and halogen bonding in the protein-ligand system: structural and thermodynamic studies of 5,6-dibromobenzotriazole-hCK2α complexes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18964. [PMID: 36347916 PMCID: PMC9641685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a member of the CMGC group of eukaryotic protein kinases and a cancer drug target. It can be efficiently inhibited by halogenated benzotriazoles and benzimidazoles. Depending on the scaffold, substitution pattern, and pH, these compounds are either neutral or anionic. Their binding poses are dictated by a hydrophobic effect (desolvation) and a tug of war between a salt bridge/hydrogen bond (to K68) and halogen bonding (to E114 and V116 backbone oxygens). Here, we test the idea that binding poses might be controllable by pH for ligands with near-neutral pKa, using the conditionally anionic 5,6-DBBt and constitutively anionic TBBt as our models. We characterize the binding by low-volume Differential Scanning Fluorimetry (nanoDSF), Isothermal Calorimetry (ITC), Hydrogen/Deuterium eXchange (HDX), and X-ray crystallography (MX). The data indicate that the ligand pose away from the hinge dominates for the entire tested pH range (5.5-8.5). The insensitivity of the binding mode to pH is attributed to the perturbation of ligand pKa upon binding that keeps it anionic in the ligand binding pocket at all tested pH values. However, a minor population of the ligand, detectable only by HDX, shifts towards the hinge in acidic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that electrostatic (ionic) interactions predominate over halogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Winiewska-Szajewska
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Honorata Czapinska
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.419362.bInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kaus-Drobek
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fricke
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.419362.bInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Mieczkowska
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dadlez
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.419362.bInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Poznański
- grid.418825.20000 0001 2216 0871Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Ramón AC, Basukala O, Massimi P, Thomas M, Perera Y, Banks L, Perea SE. CIGB-300 Peptide Targets the CK2 Phospho-Acceptor Domain on Human Papillomavirus E7 and Disrupts the Retinoblastoma (RB) Complex in Cervical Cancer Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081681. [PMID: 36016303 PMCID: PMC9414295 DOI: 10.3390/v14081681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CIGB-300 is a clinical-grade anti-Protein Kinase CK2 peptide, binding both its substrate’s phospho-acceptor site and the CK2α catalytic subunit. The cyclic p15 inhibitory domain of CIGB-300 was initially selected in a phage display library screen for its ability to bind the CK2 phospho-acceptor domain ofHPV-16 E7. However, the actual role of this targeting in CIGB-300 antitumoral mechanism remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the physical interaction of CIGB-300 with HPV-E7 and its impact on CK2-mediated phosphorylation. Hence, we studied the relevance of targeting E7 phosphorylation for the cytotoxic effect induced by CIGB-300. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiments followed by western blotting were performed to study the impact of the peptide on the E7–pRB interaction. Interestingly, we found a clear binding of CIGB-300 to the N terminal region of E7 proteins of the HPV-16 type. Accordingly, the in vivo physical interaction of the peptide with HPV-16 E7 reduced CK2-mediated phosphorylation of E7, as well as its binding to the tumor suppressor pRB. However, the targeting of E7 phosphorylation by CIGB-300 seemed to be dispensable for the induction of cell death in HPV-18 cervical cancer-derived C4-1 cells. These findings unveil novel molecular clues to the means by which CIGB-300 triggers cell death in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn C. Ramón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (Y.P.)
| | - Om Basukala
- Tumor Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (P.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Paola Massimi
- Tumor Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (P.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Miranda Thomas
- Tumor Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (P.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (Y.P.)
- China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou 425000, China
| | - Lawrence. Banks
- Tumor Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (P.M.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Molecular Oncology Group, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Biomedical Research Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba; (A.C.R.); (Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.E.P.)
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The Role of Protein Kinase CK2 in Development and Disease Progression: A Critical Review. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10030031. [PMID: 35997395 PMCID: PMC9397010 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous holoenzyme involved in a wide array of developmental processes. The involvement of CK2 in events such as neurogenesis, cardiogenesis, skeletogenesis, and spermatogenesis is essential for the viability of almost all organisms, and its role has been conserved throughout evolution. Further into adulthood, CK2 continues to function as a key regulator of pathways affecting crucial processes such as osteogenesis, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, neuron differentiation, and the immune response. Due to its vast role in a multitude of pathways, aberrant functioning of this kinase leads to embryonic lethality and numerous diseases and disorders, including cancer and neurological disorders. As a result, CK2 is a popular target for interventions aiming to treat the aforementioned diseases. Specifically, two CK2 inhibitors, namely CX-4945 and CIBG-300, are in the early stages of clinical testing and exhibit promise for treating cancer and other disorders. Further, other researchers around the world are focusing on CK2 to treat bone disorders. This review summarizes the current understanding of CK2 in development, the structure of CK2, the targets and signaling pathways of CK2, the implication of CK2 in disease progression, and the recent therapeutics developed to inhibit the dysregulation of CK2 function in various diseases.
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7
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CSNK2 in cancer: pathophysiology and translational applications. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:994-1003. [PMID: 34773100 PMCID: PMC8980014 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CSNK2 (CK2) is a pleiotropic serine/threonine kinase frequently dysregulated in solid and hematologic malignancies. To consolidate a wide range of biological and clinically oriented data from this unique kinase in cancer, this systematic review summarises existing knowledge from in vitro, in vivo and pre-clinical studies on CSNK2 across 24 different human cancer types. CSNK2 mRNA transcripts, protein levels and activity were found to be routinely upregulated in cancer, and commonly identified phosphotargets included AKT, STAT3, RELA, PTEN and TP53. Phenotypically, it frequently influenced evasion of apoptosis, enhancement of proliferation, cell invasion/metastasis and cell cycle control. Clinically, it held prognostic significance across 14 different cancers, and its inhibition in xenograft experiments resulted in a positive treatment response in 12. In conjunction with commentary on preliminary studies of CSNK2 inhibitors in humans, this review harmonises an extensive body of CSNK2 data in cancer and reinforces its emergence as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Continuing to investigate CSNK2 will be crucial to advancing our understanding of CSNK2 biology, and offers the promise of important new discoveries scientifically and clinically.
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Trembley JH, Li B, Kren BT, Peltola J, Manivel J, Meyyappan D, Gravely A, Klein M, Ahmed K, Caicedo-Granados E. Identification of high protein kinase CK2α in HPV(+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and correlation with clinical outcomes. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12519. [PMID: 34993017 PMCID: PMC8675248 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) incidence is rising worldwide, especially human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated disease. Historically, high levels of protein kinase CK2 were linked with poor outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), without consideration of HPV status. This retrospective study examined tumor CK2α protein expression levels and related clinical outcomes in a cohort of Veteran OPSCC patient tumors which were determined to be predominantly HPV(+). Methods Patients at the Minneapolis VA Health Care System with newly diagnosed primary OPSCC from January 2005 to December 2015 were identified. A total of 119 OPSCC patient tumors were stained for CK2α, p16 and Ki-67 proteins and E6/E7 RNA. CK2α protein levels in tumors and correlations with HPV status and Ki-67 index were assessed. Overall survival (OS) analysis was performed stratified by CK2α protein score and separately by HPV status, followed by Cox regression controlling for smoking status. To strengthen the limited HPV(−) data, survival analysis for HPV(−) HNSCC patients in the publicly available The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PanCancer RNA-seq dataset was determined for CSNK2A1. Results The patients in the study population were all male and had a predominant history of tobacco and alcohol use. This cohort comprised 84 HPV(+) and 35 HPV(−) tumors. CK2α levels were higher in HPV(+) tumors compared to HPV(−) tumors. Higher CK2α scores positively correlated with higher Ki-67 index. OS improved with increasing CK2α score and separately OS was significantly better for those with HPV(+) as opposed to HPV(−) OPSCC. Both remained significant after controlling for smoking status. High CSNK2A1 mRNA levels from TCGA data associated with worse patient survival in HPV(−) HNSCC. Conclusions High CK2α protein levels are detected in HPV(+) OPSCC tumors and demonstrate an unexpected association with improved survival in a strongly HPV(+) OPSCC cohort. Worse survival outcomes for high CSNK2A1 mRNA levels in HPV(−) HNSCC are consistent with historical data. Given these surprising findings and the rising incidence of HPV(+) OPSCC, further study is needed to understand the biological roles of CK2 in HPV(+) and HPV(−) HNSCC and the potential utility for therapeutic targeting of CK2 in these two disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Bin Li
- Otolaryngology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Current affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Roseville Medical Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roseville, CA, United States of America
| | - Betsy T Kren
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Justin Peltola
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Juan Manivel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Devi Meyyappan
- Hematology and Oncology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Current affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch, University Blvd, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Amy Gravely
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Mark Klein
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Hematology and Oncology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Emiro Caicedo-Granados
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Otolaryngology Section, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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Jayaraman PS, Gaston K. Targeting protein kinase CK2 in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:434-447. [PMID: 36045705 PMCID: PMC9400764 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a disease with a very poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Although targeted therapies directed towards specific mutations found in CCA are becoming available and are showing great potential, many tumors do not carry actionable mutations and, in those that do, the emergence of drug resistance is a likely consequence of treatment. Therapeutic targeting of enzymes and other proteins that show elevated activity in CCA cells but which are not altered by mutation is a potential strategy for the treatment of target negative and drug-resistant disease. Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a ubiquitously expressed kinase that has increased expression and increased activity in a variety of cancer types including CCA. Several potent CK2 inhibitors are in pre-clinical development or under assessment in a variety of clinical trials often in combination with drugs that induce DNA damage. This review outlines the importance of CK2 in CCA and assesses the progress that has been made in the evaluation of CK2 inhibition as a treatment strategy in this disease. Targeting CK2 based on the expression levels or activity of this protein and/or in combination with drugs that induce DNA damage or inhibit cell cycle progression, could be a viable option for tumors that lack actionable mutations, or for tumors that develop resistance to targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma-Sheela Jayaraman
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kevin Gaston
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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10
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Targeting of Protein Kinase CK2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Using the Clinical-Grade Synthetic-Peptide CIGB-300. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070766. [PMID: 34356831 PMCID: PMC8301452 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an advent that becomes particularly relevant since the treatment of this hematological neoplasia remains challenging. Here we explored for the first time the effect of the clinical-grade peptide-based CK2 inhibitor CIGB-300 on AML cells proliferation and viability. CIGB-300 internalization and subcellular distribution were also studied, and the role of B23/nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), a major target for the peptide in solid tumors, was addressed by knock-down in model cell lines. Finally, pull-down experiments and phosphoproteomic analysis were performed to study CIGB-interacting proteins and identify the array of CK2 substrates differentially modulated after treatment with the peptide. Importantly, CIGB-300 elicited a potent anti-proliferative and proapoptotic effect in AML cells, with more than 80% of peptide transduced cells within three minutes. Unlike solid tumor cells, NPM1 did not appear to be a major target for CIGB-300 in AML cells. However, in vivo pull-down experiments and phosphoproteomic analysis evidenced that CIGB-300 targeted the CK2α catalytic subunit, different ribosomal proteins, and inhibited the phosphorylation of a common CK2 substrates array among both AML backgrounds. Remarkably, our results not only provide cellular and molecular insights unveiling the complexity of the CIGB-300 anti-leukemic effect in AML cells but also reinforce the rationale behind the pharmacologic blockade of protein kinase CK2 for AML-targeted therapy.
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Vats A, Trejo-Cerro O, Thomas M, Banks L. Human papillomavirus E6 and E7: What remains? Tumour Virus Res 2021; 11:200213. [PMID: 33716206 PMCID: PMC7972986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of research on the human papillomavirus oncogenes, E6 and E7, have given us huge amounts of data on their expression, functions and structures. We know much about the very many cellular proteins and pathways that they influence in one way or another. However, much of this information is quite discrete, referring to one activity examined under one condition. It is now time to join the dots to try to understand a larger picture: how, where and when do all these interactions occur... and why? Examining these questions will also show how many of the yet obscure cellular processes work together for cellular and tissue homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Vats
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Oscar Trejo-Cerro
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Miranda Thomas
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy.
| | - Lawrence Banks
- Tumour Virology Group, ICGEB, AREA Science Park, Trieste, 34149, Italy
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12
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CX-4945 and siRNA-Mediated Knockdown of CK2 Improves Cisplatin Response in HPV(+) and HPV(-) HNSCC Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050571. [PMID: 34070147 PMCID: PMC8158385 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can be categorized into human papillomavirus (HPV) positive or negative disease. Elevated protein kinase CK2 level and activity have been historically observed in HNSCC cells. Previous studies on CK2 in HNSCC did not generally include consideration of HPV(+) and HPV(−) status. Here, we investigated the response of HPV(+) and HPV(−) HNSCC cells to CK2 targeting using CX-4945 or siRNA downregulation combined with cisplatin treatment. HNSCC cell lines were examined for CK2 expression levels and activity and response to CX-4945, with and without cisplatin. CK2 levels and NFκB p65-related activity were high in HPV(+) HNSCC cells relative to HPV(−) HNSCC cells. Treatment with CX-4945 decreased viability and cisplatin IC50 in all cell lines. Targeting of CK2 increased tumor suppressor protein levels for p21 and PDCD4 in most instances. Further study is needed to understand the role of CK2 in HPV(+) and HPV(−) HNSCC and to determine how incorporation of the CK2-targeted inhibitor CX-4945 could improve cisplatin response in HNSCC.
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13
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Protein kinase CK2: a potential therapeutic target for diverse human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:183. [PMID: 33994545 PMCID: PMC8126563 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 is a constitutively active Ser/Thr protein kinase, which phosphorylates hundreds of substrates, controls several signaling pathways, and is implicated in a plethora of human diseases. Its best documented role is in cancer, where it regulates practically all malignant hallmarks. Other well-known functions of CK2 are in human infections; in particular, several viruses exploit host cell CK2 for their life cycle. Very recently, also SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been found to enhance CK2 activity and to induce the phosphorylation of several CK2 substrates (either viral and host proteins). CK2 is also considered an emerging target for neurological diseases, inflammation and autoimmune disorders, diverse ophthalmic pathologies, diabetes, and obesity. In addition, CK2 activity has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, as cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. The hypothesis of considering CK2 inhibition for cystic fibrosis therapies has been also entertained for many years. Moreover, psychiatric disorders and syndromes due to CK2 mutations have been recently identified. On these bases, CK2 is emerging as an increasingly attractive target in various fields of human medicine, with the advantage that several very specific and effective inhibitors are already available. Here, we review the literature on CK2 implication in different human pathologies and evaluate its potential as a pharmacological target in the light of the most recent findings.
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14
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Basukala O, Sarabia-Vega V, Banks L. Human papillomavirus oncoproteins and post-translational modifications: generating multifunctional hubs for overriding cellular homeostasis. Biol Chem 2021; 401:585-599. [PMID: 31913845 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are major human carcinogens, causing around 5% of all human cancers, with cervical cancer being the most important. These tumors are all driven by the two HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7. Whilst their mechanisms of action are becoming increasingly clear through their abilities to target essential cellular tumor suppressor and growth control pathways, the roles that post-translational modifications (PTMs) of E6 and E7 play in the regulation of these activities remain unclear. Here, we discuss the direct consequences of some of the most common PTMs of E6 and E7, and how this impacts upon the multi-functionality of these viral proteins, and thereby contribute to the viral life cycle and to the induction of malignancy. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that these modifications, may, in some cases, offer novel routes for therapeutic intervention in HPV-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Basukala
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, I-34149Trieste, Italy
| | - Vanessa Sarabia-Vega
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, I-34149Trieste, Italy
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, I-34149Trieste, Italy
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15
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Protein kinase CK2 inhibition as a pharmacological strategy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 124:23-46. [PMID: 33632467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CK2 is a constitutively active Ser/Thr protein kinase which phosphorylates hundreds of substrates. Since they are primarily related to survival and proliferation pathways, the best-known pathological roles of CK2 are in cancer, where its targeting is currently being considered as a possible therapy. However, CK2 activity has been found instrumental in many other human pathologies, and its inhibition will expectably be extended to different purposes in the near future. Here, after a description of CK2 features and implications in diseases, we analyze the different inhibitors and strategies available to target CK2, and update the results so far obtained by their in vivo application.
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16
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Husain K, Williamson TT, Nelson N, Ghansah T. Protein kinase 2 (CK2): a potential regulator of immune cell development and function in cancer. Immunol Med 2020; 44:159-174. [PMID: 33164702 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2020.1843267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2, formally known as casein kinase II, is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved serine/threonine or tyrosine kinase enzyme that regulates diverse signaling pathways responsible for cellular processes (i.e., cell proliferation and apoptosis) via interactions with over 500 known substrates. The enzyme's physiological interactions and cellular functions have been widely studied, most notably in the blood and solid malignancies. CK2 has intrinsic role in carcinogenesis as overexpression of CK2 subunits (α, α`, and β) and deregulation of its activity have been linked to various forms of cancers. CK2 also has extrinsic role in cancer stroma or in the tumor microenvironment (TME) including the immune cells. However, very few research studies have focused on extrinsic role of CK2 in regulating immune responses as a therapeutic alternative for cancer. The following review discusses CK2's regulation of key signaling events [Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), Cyclooygenase-2 (COX-2), Extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK), Notch, Protein kinase B/AKT, Ikaros and Wnt] that can influence the development and function of immune cells in cancer. Potential clinical trials using potent CK2 inhibitors will facilitate and improve the treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Husain
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tanika T Williamson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nadine Nelson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tomar Ghansah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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17
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Perera Y, Melão A, Ramón AC, Vázquez D, Ribeiro D, Perea SE, Barata JT. Clinical-Grade Peptide-Based Inhibition of CK2 Blocks Viability and Proliferation of T-ALL Cells and Counteracts IL-7 Stimulation and Stromal Support. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061377. [PMID: 32471246 PMCID: PMC7352628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), relapsed cases are still a major challenge. Moreover, even successful cases often face long-term treatment-associated toxicities. Targeted therapeutics may overcome these limitations. We have previously demonstrated that casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) posttranslational inactivation, and consequent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling hyperactivation, leads to increased T-ALL cell survival and proliferation. We also revealed the existence of a crosstalk between CK2 activity and the signaling mediated by interleukin 7 (IL-7), a critical leukemia-supportive cytokine. Here, we evaluated the impact of CIGB-300, a the clinical-grade peptide-based CK2 inhibitor CIGB-300 on T-ALL biology. We demonstrate that CIGB-300 decreases the viability and proliferation of T-ALL cell lines and diagnostic patient samples. Moreover, CIGB-300 overcomes IL-7-mediated T-ALL cell growth and viability, while preventing the positive effects of OP9-delta-like 1 (DL1) stromal support on leukemia cells. Signaling and pull-down experiments indicate that the CK2 substrate nucleophosmin 1 (B23/NPM1) and CK2 itself are the molecular targets for CIGB-300 in T-ALL cells. However, B23/NPM1 silencing only partially recapitulates the anti-leukemia effects of the peptide, suggesting that CIGB-300-mediated direct binding to CK2, and consequent CK2 inactivation, is the mechanism by which CIGB-300 downregulates PTEN S380 phosphorylation and inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In the context of IL-7 stimulation, CIGB-300 blocks janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in T-ALL cells. Altogether, our results strengthen the case for anti-CK2 therapeutic intervention in T-ALL, demonstrating that CIGB-300 (given its ability to circumvent the effects of pro-leukemic microenvironmental cues) may be a valid tool for clinical intervention in this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Perera
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.P.); (A.C.R.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Alice Melão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Ailyn C. Ramón
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.P.); (A.C.R.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Dania Vázquez
- Pharmacogenomics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba;
| | - Daniel Ribeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba; (Y.P.); (A.C.R.); (S.E.P.)
| | - João T. Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.M.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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CIGB-300 anticancer peptide regulates the protein kinase CK2-dependent phosphoproteome. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:63-75. [PMID: 32405972 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Casein-kinase CK2 is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that fosters cell survival and proliferation of malignant cells. The CK2 holoenzyme, formed by the association of two catalytic alpha/alpha' (CK2α/CK2α') and two regulatory beta subunits (CK2β), phosphorylates diverse intracellular proteins partaking in key cellular processes. A handful of such CK2 substrates have been identified as targets for the substrate-binding anticancer peptide CIGB-300. However, since CK2β also contains a CK2 phosphorylation consensus motif, this peptide may also directly impinge on CK2 enzymatic activity, thus globally modifying the CK2-dependent phosphoproteome. To address such a possibility, firstly, we evaluated the potential interaction of CIGB-300 with CK2 subunits, both in cell-free assays and cellular lysates, as well as its effect on CK2 enzymatic activity. Then, we performed a phosphoproteomic survey focusing on early inhibitory events triggered by CIGB-300 and identified those CK2 substrates significantly inhibited along with disturbed cellular processes. Altogether, we provided here the first evidence for a direct impairment of CK2 enzymatic activity by CIGB-300. Of note, both CK2-mediated inhibitory mechanisms of this anticancer peptide (i.e., substrate- and enzyme-binding mechanism) may run in parallel in tumor cells and help to explain the different anti-neoplastic effects exerted by CIGB-300 in preclinical cancer models.
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19
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Takeda T, Komatsu M, Chiwaki F, Komatsuzaki R, Nakamura K, Tsuji K, Kobayashi Y, Tominaga E, Ono M, Banno K, Aoki D, Sasaki H. Upregulation of IGF2R evades lysosomal dysfunction-induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells via transport of cathepsins. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:876. [PMID: 31748500 PMCID: PMC6868013 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the world; however, the survival rates of advanced-stage and recurrent cervical cancer patients remain poor. The multifaced protein insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) has various ligands, represented as IGF-2 and mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)-tagged proteins. Regarding its antagonistic activity as an IGF1R signal, IGF2R is currently considered a tumor suppressor gene, whereas its significance as an M6P receptor is still unclear. Here, on the basis of transcriptome analysis of TCGA and GEO open datasets, we show that IGF2R is upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in cervical cancer. Several experiments using cervical cancer cell lines revealed that IGF2R depletion induced apoptosis, decreased cell viability, and increased vulnerability to certain anticancer drug cisplatin. In contrast to its negligible impact in IGF1R signaling, loss of IGF2R disrupted the Golgi-to-lysosome transport of M6P-tagged cathepsins, resulting in decreased lysosomal activity, with their abnormal accumulation and dysfunction of both autophagy and mitophagy, which cause the accumulation of misfolded proteins and production of reactive oxygen species. Taken together, IGF2R has an oncogenic role through transportation of M6P-tagged cargo in cervical cancer and can be used as a predictive biomarker for prognostic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komatsu
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Fumiko Chiwaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rie Komatsuzaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kanako Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tominaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Ono
- Department of Clinical Proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaki
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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20
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Rodríguez-Ulloa A, Ramos Y, Sánchez-Puente A, Perera Y, Musacchio-Lasa A, Fernández-de-Cossio J, Padrón G, López LJ, Besada V, Perea SE. The Combination of the CIGB-300 Anticancer Peptide and Cisplatin Modulates Proteins Related to Cell Survival, DNA Repair and Metastasis in a Lung Cancer Cell Line Model. CURR PROTEOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164616666190126104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
CIGB-300 is a pro-apoptotic peptide that abrogates CK2-mediated phosphorylation,
and can elicit synergistic interaction in vitro and in vivo when combined with certain anticancer
drugs.
Objective:
The combination of CIGB-300 with cisplatin is studied through data mining and expressionbased
proteomics to reveal the molecular basis of this interaction. Cisplatin resistance-associated proteins,
which have also been reported as CK2 substrates, were first identified by bioinformatic analyses.
Methods:
Data from these analyses suggested that the cisplatin resistance phenotype could be directly
improved by inhibiting CK2 phosphorylation on specific substrates. Furthermore, 157 proteins were
differentially modulated on the NCI-H125 lung cancer cell line in response to CIGB-300, cisplatin or
both drugs as determined by LC-MS/MS.
Results:
The expression of 28 cisplatin resistance-associated proteins was changed when cisplatin was
combined with CIGB-300. Overall, the proteins identified are also related to cell survival, cell proliferation
and metastasis. Furthermore, the CIGB-300 regulated proteome revealed proteins that were initially
involved in the mechanism of action of CIGB-300 and cisplatin as single agents.
Conclusion:
This is the first report describing the protein array modulated by combining CIGB-300
and cisplatin that will support the rationale for future clinical settings based on a multi-target cancer
therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yassel Ramos
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Aniel Sánchez-Puente
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yasser Perera
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alexis Musacchio-Lasa
- Department of Bioinformatics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Gabriel Padrón
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis J.G. López
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Silvio E. Perea
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
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21
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Lian H, Su M, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Soomro SH, Fu H. Protein Kinase CK2, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Carcinoma Management. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:23-32. [PMID: 30677865 PMCID: PMC6485562 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Protein kinase CK2 (formerly known as casein kinase 2) is a highly conserved serine/ threonine kinase
overexpressed in various human carcinomas and its high expression often correlates with poor prognosis. CK2 protein
is localized in the nucleus of many tumor cells and correlates with clinical features in many cases. Increased expression
of CK2 in mice results in the development of various types of carcinomas (both solids and blood related tumors, such
as (breast carcinoma, lymphoma, etc), which reveals its carcinogenic properties. CK2 plays essential roles in many key
biological processes related to carcinoma, including cell apoptosis, DNA damage responses and cell cycle regulation.
CK2 has become a potential anti-carcinoma target. Various CK2 inhibitors have been developed with anti-neoplastic
properties against a variety of carcinomas. Some CK2 inhibitors have showed good results in in vitro and pre-clinical
models, and have even entered in clinical trials. This article will review effects of CK2 and its inhibitors on common
carcinomas in in vitro and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R, China.
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22
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Lobaina Y, Perera Y. Implication of B23/NPM1 in Viral Infections, Potential Uses of B23/NPM1 Inhibitors as Antiviral Therapy. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:2-16. [PMID: 29589547 DOI: 10.2174/1871526518666180327124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B23/nucleophosmin (B23/NPM1) is an abundant multifunctional protein mainly located in the nucleolus but constantly shuttling between the nucleus and cytosol. As a consequence of its constitutive expression, intracellular dynamics and binding capacities, B23/NPM1 interacts with multiple cellular factors in different cellular compartments, but also with viral proteins from both DNA and RNA viruses. B23/NPM1 influences overall viral replication of viruses like HIV, HBV, HCV, HDV and HPV by playing functional roles in different stages of viral replication including nuclear import, viral genome transcription and assembly, as well as final particle formation. Of note, some virus modify the subcellular localization, stability and/or increases B23/NPM1 expression levels on target cells, probably to foster B23/NPM1 functions in their own replicative cycle. RESULTS This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the interaction of B23/NPM1 with several viral proteins during relevant human infections. The opportunities and challenges of targeting this well-conserved host protein as a potentially new broad antiviral treatment are discussed in detail. Importantly, although initially conceived to treat cancer, a handful of B23/NPM1 inhibitors are currently available to test on viral infection models. CONCLUSION As B23/NPM1 partakes in key steps of viral replication and some viral infections remain as unsolved medical needs, an appealing idea may be the expedite evaluation of B23/NPM1 inhibitors in viral infections. Furthermore, worth to be addressed is if the up-regulation of B23/NPM1 protein levels that follows persistent viral infections may be instrumental to the malignant transformation induced by virus like HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Lobaina
- Therapeutic Hepatitis B Vaccine Group, Vaccine Division, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, CP 10600, Cuba
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Group, Pharmaceuticals Division, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, CP 10600, Cuba
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23
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Garay H, Espinosa LA, Perera Y, Sánchez A, Diago D, Perea SE, Besada V, Reyes O, González LJ. Characterization of low-abundance species in the active pharmaceutical ingredient of CIGB-300: A clinical-grade anticancer synthetic peptide. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3081. [PMID: 29676523 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CIGB-300 is a first-in-class synthetic peptide-based drug of 25 amino acids currently undergoing clinical trials in cancer patients. It contains an amidated disulfide cyclic undecapeptide fused to the TAT cell-penetrating peptide through a beta-alanine spacer. CIGB-300 inhibits the CK2-mediated phosphorylation leading to apoptosis of tumor cells in vitro, and in vivo in cancer patients. Despite the clinical development of CIGB-300, the characterization of peptide-related impurities present in the active pharmaceutical ingredient has not been reported earlier. In the decision tree of ICHQ3A(R2) guidelines, the daily doses intake, the abundance, and the identity of the peptide-related species are pivotal nodes that define actions to be taken (reporting, identification, and qualification). For this, purity was first assessed by reverse-phase chromatography (>97%) and low-abundance impurities (≤0.27%) were collected and identified by mass spectrometry. Most of the impurities were generated during peptide synthesis, the spontaneous air oxidation of the reduced peptide, and the lyophilization step. The most abundant impurity, with no biological activity, was the full-length peptide containing Met17 transformed into a sulfoxide residue. Interestingly, parallel and antiparallel dimers of CIGB-300 linked by 2 intermolecular disulfide bonds exhibited a higher antiproliferative activity than the CIGB-300 monomer. Likewise, very low abundance trimers and tetramers of CIGB-300 linked by disulfide bonds (≤0.01%) were also detected. Here we describe for the first time the presence of active dimeric species whose feasibility as novel CIGB-300 derived entities merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Garay
- Peptide Synthesis Laboratory, Physics and Chemistry Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis Ariel Espinosa
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yasser Perera
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Department, Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba
| | - Aniel Sánchez
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba
| | - David Diago
- Peptide Synthesis Laboratory, Physics and Chemistry Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba
| | - Silvio E Perea
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Department, Biomedical Research, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba
| | - Vladimir Besada
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba
| | - Osvaldo Reyes
- Peptide Synthesis Laboratory, Physics and Chemistry Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis Javier González
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 6162, Havana, Cuba
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Ahmed K, Kren BT, Abedin MJ, Vogel RI, Shaughnessy DP, Nacusi L, Korman VL, Li Y, Dehm SM, Zimmerman CL, Niehans GA, Unger GM, Trembley JH. CK2 targeted RNAi therapeutic delivered via malignant cell-directed tenfibgen nanocapsule: dose and molecular mechanisms of response in xenograft prostate tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61789-61805. [PMID: 27557516 PMCID: PMC5308691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2, a protein serine/threonine kinase, promotes cell proliferation and suppresses cell death. This essential-for-survival signal demonstrates elevated expression and activity in all cancers examined, and is considered an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here, we present data on the efficacy of a tenfibgen (TBG) coated nanocapsule which delivers its cargo of siRNA (siCK2) or single stranded RNA/DNA oligomers (RNAi-CK2) simultaneously targeting CK2α and α' catalytic subunits. Intravenous administration of TBG-siCK2 or TBG-RNAi-CK2 resulted in significant xenograft tumor reduction at low doses in PC3-LN4 and 22Rv1 models of prostate cancer. Malignant cell uptake and specificity in vivo was verified by FACS analysis and immunofluorescent detection of nanocapsules and PCR detection of released oligomers. Dose response was concordant with CK2αα' RNA transcript levels and the tumors demonstrated changes in CK2 protein and in markers of proliferation and cell death. Therapeutic response corresponded to expression levels for argonaute and GW proteins, which function in oligomer processing and translational repression. No toxicity was detected in non-tumor tissues or by serum chemistry. Tumor specific delivery of anti-CK2 RNAi via the TBG nanoencapsulation technology warrants further consideration of translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Ahmed
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - Betsy T Kren
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - Md Joynal Abedin
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - Rachel I Vogel
- Department of Obstretrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - Daniel P Shaughnessy
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Yingming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - Cheryl L Zimmerman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | - Gloria A Niehans
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
| | | | - Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, U.S.A
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Rabalski AJ, Gyenis L, Litchfield DW. Molecular Pathways: Emergence of Protein Kinase CK2 (CSNK2) as a Potential Target to Inhibit Survival and DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathways in Cancer Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 22:2840-7. [PMID: 27306791 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (designated CSNK2) is a constitutively active protein kinase with a vast repertoire of putative substrates that has been implicated in several human cancers, including cancer of the breast, lung, colon, and prostate, as well as hematologic malignancies. On the basis of these observations, CSNK2 has emerged as a candidate for targeted therapy, with two CSNK2 inhibitors in ongoing clinical trials. CX-4945 is a bioavailable small-molecule ATP-competitive inhibitor targeting its active site, and CIGB-300 is a cell-permeable cyclic peptide that prevents phosphorylation of the E7 protein of HPV16 by CSNK2. In preclinical models, either of these inhibitors exhibit antitumor efficacy. Furthermore, in combinations with chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin or gemcitabine, either CX-4945 or CIGB-300 promote synergistic induction of apoptosis. While CSNK2 is a regulatory participant in many processes related to cancer, its potential to modulate caspase action may be particularly pertinent to its emergence as a therapeutic target. Because the substrate recognition motifs for CSNK2 and caspases are remarkably similar, CSNK2 can block the cleavage of many caspase substrates through the phosphorylation of sites adjacent to cleavage sites. Phosphoproteomic strategies have also revealed previously underappreciated roles for CSNK2 in the phosphorylation of several key constituents of DNA damage and DNA repair pathways. Going forward, applications of proteomic strategies to interrogate responses to CSNK2 inhibitors are expected to reveal signatures for CSNK2 inhibition and molecular insights to guide new strategies to interfere with its potential to inhibit caspase action or enhance the susceptibility of cancer cells to DNA damage. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2840-7. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Rabalski
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laszlo Gyenis
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Molecules that target nucleophosmin for cancer treatment: an update. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44821-44840. [PMID: 27058426 PMCID: PMC5190137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin is a highly and ubiquitously expressed protein, mainly localized in nucleoli but able to shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleophosmin plays crucial roles in ribosome maturation and export, centrosome duplication, cell cycle progression, histone assembly and response to a variety of stress stimuli. Much interest in this protein has arisen in the past ten years, since the discovery of heterozygous mutations in the terminal exon of the NPM1 gene, which are the most frequent genetic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia. Nucleophosmin is also frequently overexpressed in solid tumours and, in many cases, its overexpression correlates with mitotic index and metastatization. Therefore it is considered as a promising target for the treatment of both haematologic and solid malignancies. NPM1 targeting molecules may suppress different functions of the protein, interfere with its subcellular localization, with its oligomerization properties or drive its degradation. In the recent years, several such molecules have been described and here we review what is currently known about them, their interaction with nucleophosmin and the mechanistic basis of their toxicity. Collectively, these molecules exemplify a number of different strategies that can be adopted to target nucleophosmin and we summarize them at the end of the review.
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Buontempo F, McCubrey JA, Orsini E, Ruzzene M, Cappellini A, Lonetti A, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Barata JT, Martelli AM. Therapeutic targeting of CK2 in acute and chronic leukemias. Leukemia 2017; 32:1-10. [PMID: 28951560 PMCID: PMC5770594 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CK2 is a ubiquitously expressed, constitutively active Ser/Thr protein kinase, which is considered the most pleiotropic protein kinase in the human kinome. Such a pleiotropy explains the involvement of CK2 in many cellular events. However, its predominant roles are stimulation of cell growth and prevention of apoptosis. High levels of CK2 messenger RNA and protein are associated with CK2 pathological functions in human cancers. Over the last decade, basic and translational studies have provided evidence of CK2 as a pivotal molecule driving the growth of different blood malignancies. CK2 overexpression has been demonstrated in nearly all the types of hematological cancers, including acute and chronic leukemias, where CK2 is a key regulator of signaling networks critical for cell proliferation, survival and drug resistance. The findings that emerged from these studies suggest that CK2 could be a valuable therapeutic target in leukemias and supported the initiation of clinical trials using CK2 antagonists. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in CK2 inhibition-mediated effects with a particular emphasis on the combinatorial use of CK2 inhibitors as novel therapeutic strategies for treating both acute and chronic leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - E Orsini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Ruzzene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Cappellini
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - A Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy.,Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy.,Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Benavent Acero F, Capobianco CS, Garona J, Cirigliano SM, Perera Y, Urtreger AJ, Perea SE, Alonso DF, Farina HG. CIGB-300, an anti-CK2 peptide, inhibits angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion and metastasis in lung cancer models. Lung Cancer 2017; 107:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chua MMJ, Ortega CE, Sheikh A, Lee M, Abdul-Rassoul H, Hartshorn KL, Dominguez I. CK2 in Cancer: Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Target. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E18. [PMID: 28134850 PMCID: PMC5374422 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 genes are overexpressed in many human cancers, and most often overexpression is associated with worse prognosis. Site-specific expression in mice leads to cancer development (e.g., breast, lymphoma) indicating the oncogenic nature of CK2. CK2 is involved in many key aspects of cancer including inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of signaling pathways, DNA damage response, and cell cycle regulation. A number of CK2 inhibitors are now available and have been shown to have activity against various cancers in vitro and in pre-clinical models. Some of these inhibitors are now undergoing exploration in clinical trials as well. In this review, we will examine some of the major cancers in which CK2 inhibition has promise based on in vitro and pre-clinical studies, the proposed cellular and signaling mechanisms of anti-cancer activity by CK2 inhibitors, and the current or recent clinical trials using CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M J Chua
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Charina E Ortega
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ayesha Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Hussein Abdul-Rassoul
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The conventional term 'casein kinase' (CK) denotes three classes of kinases - CK1, CK2 and Golgi-CK (G-CK)/Fam20C (family with sequence similarity 20, member C) - sharing the ability to phoshorylate casein in vitro, but otherwise unrelated to each other. All CKs have been reported to be implicated in human diseases, and reviews individually dealing with the druggability of CK1 and CK2 are available. Our aim is to provide a comparative analysis of the three classes of CKs as therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED CK2 is the CK for which implication in neoplasia is best documented, with the survival of cancer cells often relying on its overexpression. An ample variety of cell-permeable CK2 inhibitors have been developed, with a couple of these now in clinical trials. Isoform-specific CK1 inhibitors that are expected to play a beneficial role in oncology and neurodegeneration have been also developed. In contrast, the pathogenic potential of G-CK/Fam20C is caused by its loss of function. Activators of Fam20C, notably sphingolipids and their analogs, may prove beneficial in this respect. EXPERT OPINION Optimization of CK2 and CK1 inhibitors will prove useful to develop new therapeutic strategies for treating cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, while the design of potent activators of G-CK/Fam20C will provide a new tool in the fields of bio-mineralization and hypophosphatemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cozza
- a 1 University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- a 1 University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35131 Padova, Italy .,b 2 University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neurosciences , Padova, Italy ;
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Different Persistence of the Cellular Effects Promoted by Protein Kinase CK2 Inhibitors CX-4945 and TDB. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:185736. [PMID: 26558259 PMCID: PMC4628960 DOI: 10.1155/2015/185736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We compare the cellular efficacy of two selective and cell permeable inhibitors of the antiapoptotic kinase CK2. One inhibitor, CX-4945, is already in clinical trials as antitumor drug, while the other, TDB, has been recently successfully employed to demonstrate the implication of CK2 in cellular (dis)regulation. We found that, upon treatment of cancer cells with these compounds, the extent of inhibition of endocellular CK2 is initially comparable but becomes significantly different after the inhibitors are removed from the cellular medium: while in CX-4945 treated cells CK2 activity is restored to control level after 24 h, in the case of TDB it is still strongly reduced after 4 days from removal. The biological effects of the two inhibitors have been analyzed by performing clonogenic, spheroid formation, and wound-healing assays: we observed a permanent inhibition of cell survival and migration in TDB-treated cells even after the inhibitor removal, while in the case of CX-4945 only its maintenance for the whole duration of the assay insured a persisting effect. We suggest that the superiority of TDB in maintaining kinase activity inhibited and perpetuating the consequent effects is an added value to be considered when planning new therapies based on CK2 targeting.
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Zanin S, Sandre M, Cozza G, Ottaviani D, Marin O, Pinna LA, Ruzzene M. Chimeric peptides as modulators of CK2-dependent signaling: Mechanism of action and off-target effects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1694-707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sarduy MR, García I, Coca MA, Perera A, Torres LA, Valenzuela CM, Baladrón I, Solares M, Reyes V, Hernández I, Perera Y, Martínez YM, Molina L, González YM, Ancízar JA, Prats A, González L, Casacó CA, Acevedo BE, López-Saura PA, Alonso DF, Gómez R, Perea-Rodríguez SE. Optimizing CIGB-300 intralesional delivery in locally advanced cervical cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1636-43. [PMID: 25880012 PMCID: PMC4430720 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a phase 1 trial in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer by injecting 0.5 ml of the CK2-antagonist CIGB-300 in two different sites on tumours to assess tumour uptake, safety, pharmacodynamic activity and identify the recommended dose. METHODS Fourteen patients were treated with intralesional injections containing 35 or 70 mg of CIGB-300 in three alternate cycles of three consecutive days each before standard chemoradiotherapy. Tumour uptake was determined using (99)Tc-radiolabelled peptide. In situ B23/nucleophosmin was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Maximum tumour uptake for CIGB-300 70-mg dose was significantly higher than the one observed for 35 mg: 16.1 ± 8.9 vs 31.3 ± 12.9 mg (P = 0.01). Both, AUC24h and biological half-life were also significantly higher using 70 mg of CIGB-300 (P < 0.001). Unincorporated CIGB-300 diffused rapidly to blood and was mainly distributed towards kidneys, and marginally in liver, lungs, heart and spleen. There was no DLT and moderate allergic-like reactions were the most common systemic side effect with strong correlation between unincorporated CIGB-300 and histamine levels in blood. CIGB-300, 70 mg, downregulated B23/nucleophosmin (P = 0.03) in tumour specimens. CONCLUSION Intralesional injections of 70 mg CIGB-300 in two sites (0.5 ml per injection) and this treatment plan are recommended to be evaluated in phase 2 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Sarduy
- Gynecological service, Center for Medical-Surgical Research, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - I García
- CIGB-300 Research and Development Group, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31 b/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - M A Coca
- Direction for Clinical Research, Clinical Investigation Center, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - A Perera
- Direction for Clinical Research, Clinical Investigation Center, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - L A Torres
- Direction for Clinical Research, Clinical Investigation Center, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - C M Valenzuela
- CIGB-300 Research and Development Group, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31 b/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - I Baladrón
- CIGB-300 Research and Development Group, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31 b/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - M Solares
- Gyneco-obstetric Hospital ‘Ramón González Coro', Havana 10400, Cuba
| | - V Reyes
- CIGB-300 Research and Development Group, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31 b/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - I Hernández
- Deparment of Development, Isotope Center (CENTIS), Havana 11100, Cuba
| | - Y Perera
- CIGB-300 Research and Development Group, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31 b/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - Y M Martínez
- Gynecological service, Center for Medical-Surgical Research, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - L Molina
- Gynecological service, Center for Medical-Surgical Research, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - Y M González
- Gynecological service, Center for Medical-Surgical Research, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - J A Ancízar
- CIGB-300 Research and Development Group, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31 b/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - A Prats
- Direction for Clinical Research, Clinical Investigation Center, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - L González
- CIGB-300 Research and Development Group, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31 b/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - C A Casacó
- Direction for Clinical Research, Clinical Investigation Center, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - B E Acevedo
- CIGB-300 Research and Development Group, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31 b/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - P A López-Saura
- CIGB-300 Research and Development Group, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31 b/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana 11300, Cuba
| | - D F Alonso
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, National University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Gómez
- ELEA Laboratories, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S E Perea-Rodríguez
- CIGB-300 Research and Development Group, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Avenue 31 b/158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, Havana 11300, Cuba
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Development of a high-throughput screening-compatible assay to identify inhibitors of the CK2α/CK2β interaction. Anal Biochem 2015; 468:4-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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LIU JIE, CAO XIAOCHENG, XIAO QIAO, QUAN MEIFANG. Apigenin inhibits HeLa sphere-forming cells through inactivation of casein kinase 2α. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:665-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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36
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Perera Y, Toro ND, Gorovaya L, Fernandez-DE-Cossio J, Farina HG, Perea SE. Synergistic interactions of the anti-casein kinase 2 CIGB-300 peptide and chemotherapeutic agents in lung and cervical preclinical cancer models. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 2:935-944. [PMID: 25279177 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CIGB-300 is a novel clinical-stage synthetic peptide that impairs the casein kinase 2 (CK2)-mediated phosphorylation of B23/nucleophosmin in different experimental settings and cancer models. As a single agent, CIGB-300 induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo and modulates an array of proteins that are mainly involved in drug resistance, cell proliferation and apoptosis, as determined by proteomic analysis. However, the clinical oncology practice and cumulative knowledge on tumor biology suggest that drug combinations are more likely to cope with tumor complexity compared to single agents. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effect of CIGB-300 when combined with different anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin (alkylating), paclitaxel (antimitotic), doxorubicin (antitopoisomerase II) or 5-fluorouracil (DNA/RNA antimetabolite) in cell lines derived from lung and cervical cancer. Of note, using a Latin square design and subsequent analysis by CalcuSyn software, we observed that paclitaxel and cisplatin exhibited the best synergistic/additive profile when combined with CIGB-300, according to the combination and dose reduction indices. Such therapeutically favorable profiles may be explained by a direct cytotoxic effect and also by the observed cell cycle impairment following incubation of tumor cells with selected drug combinations. Importantly, on in vivo dose-finding schedules in human cervical tumors xenografted in nude mice, we observed that concomitant administration of CIGB-300 and cisplatin increased mice survival compared to single-agent treatment. Collectively, these findings provide a rationale for combining the anti-CK2 CIGB-300 peptide with currently available anticancer agents in the clinical setting and indicate platins and taxanes as compounds with major perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Perera
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Pharmaceuticals, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Neylen Del Toro
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Pharmaceuticals, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Larisa Gorovaya
- Animal Facility Unit, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Jorge Fernandez-DE-Cossio
- Department of Bioinformatics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Hernan G Farina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Bernal, Buenos Aires B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Silvio E Perea
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Pharmaceuticals, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana 10600, Cuba
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Abstract
The term 'casein kinase' has been widely used for decades to denote protein kinases sharing the ability to readily phosphorylate casein in vitro. These fall into three main classes: two of them, later renamed as protein kinases CK1 (casein kinase 1, also known as CKI) and CK2 (also known as CKII), are pleiotropic members of the kinome functionally unrelated to casein, whereas G-CK, or genuine casein kinase, responsible for the phosphorylation of casein in the Golgi apparatus of the lactating mammary gland, has only been identified recently with Fam20C [family with sequence similarity 20C; also known as DMP-4 (dentin matrix protein-4)], a member of the four-jointed family of atypical protein kinases, being responsible for the phosphorylation of many secreted proteins. In hindsight, therefore, the term 'casein kinase' is misleading in every instance; in the case of CK1 and CK2, it is because casein is not a physiological substrate, and in the case of G-CK/Fam20C/DMP-4, it is because casein is just one out of a plethora of its targets, and a rather marginal one at that. Strikingly, casein kinases altogether, albeit representing a minimal proportion of the whole kinome, appear to be responsible for the generation of up to 40-50% of non-redundant phosphosites currently retrieved in human phosphopeptides database. In the present review, a short historical explanation will be provided accounting for the usage of the same misnomer to denote three unrelated classes of protein kinases, together with an update of our current knowledge of these pleiotropic enzymes, sharing the same misnomer while playing very distinct biological roles.
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Benavent Acero FR, Perera Negrin Y, Alonso DF, Perea SE, Gomez DE, Farina HG. Mechanisms of cellular uptake, intracellular transportation, and degradation of CIGB-300, a Tat-conjugated peptide, in tumor cell lines. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1798-807. [PMID: 24773585 DOI: 10.1021/mp4006062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CIGB-300 is a cyclic synthetic peptide that induces apoptosis in malignant cells, elicits antitumor activity in cancer animal models, and shows tumor reduction signs when assayed in first-in-human phase I trial in patients with cervical tumors. CIGB-300 impairs phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 through targeting the substrate's phosphoacceptor domain. CIGB-300 was linked to the cell penetrating peptide Tat to facilitate the delivery into cells. Previously, we showed that CIGB-300 had a differential antiproliferative behavior in different tumor cell lines. In this work, we studied differential antiproliferative behavior in terms of cellular uptake, intracellular transportation, and degradation in tumor cell lines with dissimilar sensitivity to CIGB-300. The internalization of CIGB-300 was studied in different malignant cell lines. We found that the cell membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans act as main receptors for extracellular CIGB-300 uptake. The most sensitive tumor cell lines showed higher intracellular incorporation of CIGB-300 in comparison to less sensitive cell lines. Furthermore, CIGB-300 uptake is time- and concentration-dependent in all studied cell lines. It was shown that CIGB-300 has the ability to penetrate cells mainly by direct membrane translocation. However, a minor proportion of the peptide uses an energy-dependent endocytic pathway mechanism to gain access into cells. CIGB-300 is internalized and transported into cells preferentially by caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Lysosomes are involved in CIGB-300 degradation; highly sensitive cell lines showed degradation at earlier times compared to low sensitive cells. Altogether, our data suggests a mechanism of internalization, vesicular transportation, and degradation for CIGB-300 in tumor cells.
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Richards J, Greenlee MM, Jeffers LA, Cheng KY, Guo L, Eaton DC, Gumz ML. Inhibition of αENaC expression and ENaC activity following blockade of the circadian clock-regulatory kinases CK1δ/ε. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F918-27. [PMID: 22832921 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00678.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the circadian clock plays an important role in the control of renal function and blood pressure. We previously showed that the circadian clock protein Period (Per)1, positively regulates the expression of the rate limiting subunit of the renal epithelial sodium channel (αENaC), which contributes to blood pressure regulation. Casein kinases 1δ and 1ε (CK1δ/ε) are critical regulators of clock proteins. CK1δ/ε must phosphorylate the circadian clock protein Per1 in order for the latter to enter the nucleus. We used a commercially available CK1δ/ε inhibitor, PF670462, to test the effect of CK1δ/ε blockade and inhibited Per1 nuclear entry on αENaC in a model of the renal cortical collecting duct (mpkCCD(c14) cells). CK1δ/ε blockade prevented Per1 and Clock from interacting with an E-box from the αENaC promoter. CK1δ/ε inhibition reduced αENaC mRNA levels by <60%. A similar decrease in αENaC mRNA was observed following siRNA-mediated CK1δ/ε knock-down. Inhibition of CK1δ/ε effectively prevented the transcriptional response of αENaC to aldosterone, suggesting an interaction between the circadian clock and aldosterone-mediated regulation of αENaC. CK1δ/ε inhibition significantly reduced αENaC but increased Caveolin-1 membrane protein levels; transepithelial current, a measure of ENaC activity, was decreased. Importantly, single channel analysis in amphibian renal cells demonstrated a dramatic decrease in the number of patches with observable ENaC current following CK1δ/ε inhibition. The present study shows for the first time that CK1δ/ε inhibition and impaired Per1 nuclear entry results in decreased αENaC expression and ENaC activity, providing further support for direct control of ENaC by the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Richards
- 1600 SW Archer Rd., Box 100224, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Taylor KM, Hiscox S, Nicholson RI, Hogstrand C, Kille P. Protein kinase CK2 triggers cytosolic zinc signaling pathways by phosphorylation of zinc channel ZIP7. Sci Signal 2012; 5:ra11. [PMID: 22317921 PMCID: PMC3428905 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transition element zinc, which has recently been identified as an intracellular second messenger, has been implicated in various signaling pathways, including those leading to cell proliferation. Zinc channels of the ZIP (ZRT1- and IRT1-like protein) family [also known as solute carrier family 39A (SLC39A)] transiently increase the cytosolic free zinc (Zn(2+)) concentration in response to extracellular signals. We show that phosphorylation of evolutionarily conserved residues in endoplasmic reticulum zinc channel ZIP7 is associated with the gated release of Zn(2+) from intracellular stores, leading to activation of tyrosine kinases and the phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. Through pharmacological manipulation, proximity ligation assay, and mutagenesis, we identified protein kinase CK2 as the kinase responsible for ZIP7 activation. Together, the present results show that transition element channels in eukaryotes can be activated posttranslationally by phosphorylation, as part of a cell signaling cascade. Our study links the regulated release of zinc from intracellular stores to phosphorylation of kinases involved in proliferative responses and cell migration, suggesting a functional role for ZIP7 and zinc signals in these events. The connection with proliferation and migration, as well as the activation of ZIP7 by CK2, a kinase that is antiapoptotic and promotes cell division, suggests that ZIP7 may provide a target for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Taylor
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VIIth Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK.
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Trembley JH, Unger GM, Korman VL, Tobolt DK, Kazimierczuk Z, Pinna LA, Kren BT, Ahmed K. Nanoencapsulated anti-CK2 small molecule drug or siRNA specifically targets malignant cancer but not benign cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 315:48-58. [PMID: 22050909 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CK2, a pleiotropic Ser/Thr kinase, is an important target for cancer therapy. We tested our novel tenfibgen-based nanocapsule for delivery of the inhibitor 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole (DMAT) and an siRNA directed against both CK2α and α' catalytic subunits to prostate cancer cells. We present data on the TBG nanocapsule itself and on CK2 inhibition or downregulation in treated cells, including effects on Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65. By direct comparison of two CK2-directed cargos, our data provide proof that the TBG encapsulation design for delivery of drugs specifically to cancer cells has strong potential for small molecule- and nucleic acid-based cancer therapy.
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Trembley JH, Unger GM, Tobolt DK, Korman VL, Wang G, Ahmad KA, Slaton JW, Kren BT, Ahmed K. Systemic administration of antisense oligonucleotides simultaneously targeting CK2α and α' subunits reduces orthotopic xenograft prostate tumors in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 356:21-35. [PMID: 21761204 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CK2 is a highly conserved, ubiquitous, signal responsive protein serine/threonine kinase. CK2 promotes cell proliferation and suppresses apoptosis, and increased CK2 expression is observed in all cancers examined. We previously reported that direct injection of antisense (AS) CK2α phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PTO) into xenograft prostate tumors in mice significantly reduced tumor size. Downregulation of CK2α in tumor cells in vivo appeared to result in overexpression of CK2α' protein. This suggested that in cancer cells downregulation of CK2α might be compensated by CK2α' in vivo, prompting us to design a bispecific (bs) AS PTO (bs-AS-CK2) targeting both catalytic subunits. bs-AS-CK2 reduced CK2α and α' protein expression, decreased cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis in cultured cells. Biodistribution studies of administered bs-AS-CK2 oligonucleotide demonstrated its presence in orthotopic prostate xenograft tumors. High dose injections of bs-AS-CK2 resulted in no damage to normal liver or prostate, but induced extensive cell death in tumor tissue. Intraperitoneal treatment with bs-AS-CK2 PTO decreased orthotopic tumor size and downregulated both CK2 mRNA and protein expression. Tumor reduction was accomplished using remarkably low doses and was improved by dividing the dose using a multi-day schedule. Decreased expression of the key signaling pathway proteins NF-κB p65 and AKT was also observed. We propose that the molecular downregulation of CK2 through bispecific targeting of the two catalytic subunits may be uniquely useful for therapeutic elimination of tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Casein Kinase II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Casein Kinase II/genetics
- Casein Kinase II/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacokinetics
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Subunits/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeen H Trembley
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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CIGB-300, a synthetic peptide-based drug that targets the CK2 phosphoaceptor domain. Translational and clinical research. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 356:45-50. [PMID: 21735096 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CK2 represents an oncology target scientifically validated. However, clinical research with inhibitors of the CK2-mediated phosphorylation event is still insufficient to recognize it as a clinically validated target. CIGB-300, an investigational peptide-based drug that targets the phosphoaceptor site, binds to a CK2 substrate array in vitro but mainly to B23/nucleophosmin in vivo. The CIGB-300 proapoptotic effect is preceded by its nucleolar localization, inhibition of the CK2-mediated phosphorylation on B23/nucleophosmin and nucleolar disassembly. Importantly, CIGB-300 shifted a protein array linked to apoptosis, ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation, glycolisis, and cell motility in proteomic studies which helped to understand its mechanism of action. In the clinical ground, CIGB-300 has proved to be safe and well tolerated in a First-in-Human trial in women with cervical malignancies who also experienced signs of clinical benefit. In a second Phase 1 clinical trial in women with cervical cancer stage IB2/II, the MTD and DLT have been also identified in the clinical setting. Interestingly, in cervical tumors the B23/nucleophosmin protein levels were significantly reduced after CIGB-300 treatment at the nucleus compartment. In addition, expanded use of CIGB-300 in case studies has evidenced antitumor activity when administered as compassional option. Collectively, our data outline important clues on translational and clinical research from this novel peptide-based drug reinforcing its perspectives to treat cancer and paving the way to validate CK2 as a promising target in oncology.
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Su YW, Xie TX, Sano D, Myers JN. IL-6 stabilizes Twist and enhances tumor cell motility in head and neck cancer cells through activation of casein kinase 2. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19412. [PMID: 21559372 PMCID: PMC3084854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Unfortunately, the survival of patients with SCCHN has not improved in the last 40 years, and thus new targets for therapy are needed. Recently, elevations in serum level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and expression of Twist in tumor samples were found to be associated with poor clinical outcomes in multiple types of cancer, including SCCHN. Although Twist has been proposed as a master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in cancers, the mechanisms by which Twist levels are regulated post-translationally are not completely understood. Tumor progression is characterized by the involvement of cytokines and growth factors and Twist induction has been connected with a number of these signaling pathways including IL-6. Since many of the effects of IL-6 are mediated through activation of protein phosphorylation cascades, this implies that Twist expression must be under a tight control at the post-translational level in order to respond in a timely manner to external stimuli. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our data show that IL-6 increases Twist expression via a transcription-independent mechanism in many SCCHN cell lines. Further investigation revealed that IL-6 stabilizes Twist in SCCHN cell lines through casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylation of Twist residues S18 and S20, and that this phosphorylation inhibits degradation of Twist. Twist phosphorylation not only increases its stability but also enhances cell motility. Thus, post-translational modulation of Twist contributes to its tumor-promoting properties. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study shows Twist expression can be regulated at the post-translational level through phosphorylation by CK2, which increases Twist stability in response to IL-6 stimulation. Our findings not only provide novel mechanistic insights into post-translational regulation of Twist but also suggest that CK2 may be a viable therapeutic target in SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wen Su
- Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tong-Xin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Program in Cancer Biology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rodríguez-Ulloa A, Ramos Y, Gil J, Perera Y, Castellanos-Serra L, García Y, Betancourt L, Besada V, González LJ, Fernández-de-Cossio J, Sanchez A, Serrano JM, Farina H, Alonso DF, Acevedo BE, Padrón G, Musacchio A, Perea SE. Proteomic profile regulated by the anticancer peptide CIGB-300 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5473-83. [PMID: 20804217 DOI: 10.1021/pr100728v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CIGB-300 is a proapoptotic peptide-based drug that abrogates the CK2-mediated phosphorylation. This peptide has antineoplastic effect on lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. To understand the mechanisms involved on such anticancer activity, the NCI-H125 cell line proteomic profile after short-term incubation (45 min) with CIGB-300 was investigated. As determined by 2-DE or 2D-LC-MS/MS, 137 proteins changed their abundances more than 2-fold in response to the CIGB-300 treatment. The expression levels of proteins related to ribosome biogenesis, metastasis, cell survival and proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance were significantly modulated by the presence of CIGB-300. The protein translation process was the most affected (23% of the identified proteins). From the proteome analysis of the NCI-H125 cell line, novel potentialities for CIGB-300 as anticancer agent were evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielis Rodríguez-Ulloa
- Department of Bioinformatics, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.
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Willems SM, Schrage YM, Bruijn IHBD, Szuhai K, Hogendoorn PCW, Bovée JVMG. Kinome profiling of myxoid liposarcoma reveals NF-kappaB-pathway kinase activity and casein kinase II inhibition as a potential treatment option. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:257. [PMID: 20863376 PMCID: PMC2955617 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxoid liposarcoma is a relatively common malignant soft tissue tumor, characterized by a (12;16) translocation resulting in a FUS-DDIT3 fusion gene playing a pivotal role in its tumorigenesis. Treatment options in patients with inoperable or metastatic myxoid liposarcoma are relatively poor though being developed and new hope is growing. RESULTS Using kinome profiling and subsequent pathway analysis in two cell lines and four primary cultures of myxoid liposarcomas, all of which demonstrated a FUS-DDIT3 fusion gene including one new fusion type, we aimed at identifying new molecular targets for systemic treatment. Protein phosphorylation by activated kinases was verified by Western Blot and cell viability was measured before and after treatment of the myxoid liposarcoma cells with kinase inhibitors. We found kinases associated with the atypical nuclear factor-kappaB and Src pathways to be the most active in myxoid liposarcoma. Inhibition of Src by the small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib showed only a mild effect on cell viability of myxoid liposarcoma cells. In contrast, inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway, which is regulated by the FUS-DDIT3 fusion product, in myxoid liposarcoma cells using casein kinase 2 inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) showed a significant decrease in cell viability, decreased phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappaB pathway proteins, and caspase 3 mediated apoptosis. Combination of dasatinib and TBB showed an enhanced effect. CONCLUSION Kinases associated with activation of the atypical nuclear factor-kappaB and the Src pathways are the most active in myxoid liposarcoma in vitro and inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB pathway activation by inhibiting casein kinase 2 using TBB, of which the effect is enhanced by Src inhibition using dasatinib, offers new potential therapeutic strategies for myxoid liposarcoma patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Trembley JH, Chen Z, Unger G, Slaton J, Kren BT, Van Waes C, Ahmed K. Emergence of protein kinase CK2 as a key target in cancer therapy. Biofactors 2010; 36:187-95. [PMID: 20533398 PMCID: PMC2916697 DOI: 10.1002/biof.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2, a protein serine/threonine kinase, plays a global role in activities related to cell growth, cell death, and cell survival. CK2 has a large number of potential substrates localized in diverse locations in the cell including, for example, NF-kappaB as an important downstream target of the kinase. In addition to its involvement in cell growth and proliferation it is also a potent suppressor of apoptosis, raising its key importance in cancer cell phenotype. CK2 interacts with diverse pathways which illustrates the breadth of its impact on the cellular machinery of both cell growth and cell death giving it the status of a "master regulator" in the cell. With respect to cancer, CK2 has been found to be dysregulated in all cancers examined demonstrating increased protein expression levels and nuclear localization in cancer cells compared with their normal counterparts. We originally proposed CK2 as a potentially important target for cancer therapy. Given the ubiquitous and essential for cell survival nature of the kinase, an important consideration would be to target it specifically in cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Towards that end, our design of a tenascin based sub-50 nm (i.e., less than 50 nm size) nanocapsule in which an anti-CK2 therapeutic agent can be packaged is highly promising because this formulation can specifically deliver the cargo intracellularly to the cancer cells in vivo. Thus, appropriate strategies to target CK2 especially by molecular approaches may lead to a highly feasible and effective approach to eradication of a given cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeen H. Trembley
- Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Research Service, Minneapolis V.A. Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota
| | - Zhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Joel Slaton
- Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Research Service, Minneapolis V.A. Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- The Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Betsy T. Kren
- Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Research Service, Minneapolis V.A. Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD
| | - Khalil Ahmed
- Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Research Service, Minneapolis V.A. Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- The Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Address for correspondence: Khalil Ahmed, Ph.D., Research Service (151), V.A. Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417; Phone: 612-467-2594; Fax: 612-725-2093;
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Silva A, Jotta PY, Silveira AB, Ribeiro D, Brandalise SR, Yunes JA, Barata JT. Regulation of PTEN by CK2 and Notch1 in primary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: rationale for combined use of CK2- and gamma-secretase inhibitors. Haematologica 2009; 95:674-8. [PMID: 20015880 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.011999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients frequently display NOTCH1 activating mutations and Notch can transcriptionally down-regulate the tumor suppressor PTEN. However, it is not clear whether NOTCH1 mutations associate with decreased PTEN expression in primary T-ALL. Here, we compared patients with or without NOTCH1 mutations and report that the former presented higher MYC transcript levels and decreased PTEN mRNA expression. We recently showed that T-ALL cells frequently display CK2-mediated PTEN phosphorylation, resulting in PTEN protein stabilization and concomitant functional inactivation. Accordingly, the T-ALL samples analyzed, irrespectively of their NOTCH1 mutational status, expressed significantly higher PTEN protein levels than normal controls. To evaluate the integrated functional impact of Notch transcriptional and CK2 post-translational inactivation of PTEN, we treated T-ALL cells with both the gamma-secretase inhibitor DAPT and the CK2 inhibitors DRB/TBB. Our data suggest that combined use of gamma-secretase and CK2 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- Cancer Biology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon University Medical School, Av Prof Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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