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Shrestha M, Basukala S, Thapa N, Shrestha O, Basnet M, Shrestha K, Regmi S, Chhetri ST, Kunwor B. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children in Southeast Asia from 2002 to 2022: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2005. [PMID: 38559412 PMCID: PMC10973561 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that impacts the brain, characterized by challenges in social communication and interaction, often accompanied by repetitive behaviors or focused interests. This study sheds light on the prevalence of ASD within the Southeast Asian region. Methods The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (Registration No: CRD42023413915). Appropriate search terms and Boolean operators were employed to explore electronic databases for relevant articles. Data thus extracted were prepared in Excel and analyzed in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. The effect measure utilized in the study was represented by the proportion, and the choice between a fixed or random-effect model depended on the observed heterogeneity. Visual feedback was provided through the use of forest plots and funnel plots. Results A total of 14 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis after screening the imported studies. The prevalence of ASD was six per 1000 population (proportion: 0.006; CI: 0.002-0.017; I 2: 99.263%). Among the ASD cases, 64.4% (proportion: 0.644; CI: 0.590-0.693; I 2: 9.937%) were males and 35.6% (proportion: 0.356; CI: 0.307-0.410; I 2: 9.937%) were females. Conclusion The prevalence of ASD in Southeast Asia was estimated to be six cases per 1000 individuals, with a higher prevalence among males. This study contributes to our understanding of ASD prevalence in the region, although it is essential to note certain limitations in estimating prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Basukala
- Department of SurgeryNepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Niranjan Thapa
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Oshan Shrestha
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Mahima Basnet
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Kala Shrestha
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Shiva Regmi
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | | | - Bishal Kunwor
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
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Alabdulaziz HM, Alghamdi SA, Aladwani AM, Alharthi RA, Almadani LK, Niyazi KA, Alharbi YM. Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Undergraduate Nursing Students. Cureus 2024; 16:e55829. [PMID: 38590485 PMCID: PMC10999896 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a dramatic increase in the incidence and prevalence rate of autism globally. This increase could be correlated to the increase in the awareness level and understanding of the disorder among healthcare providers and autistic children's families. Aim This study aimed to assess undergraduate nursing students' knowledge about and attitudes toward children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods A cross-sectional quantitative study design was used. A convenience sample of 235 undergraduate nursing students from all levels was obtained. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis (including mean, median, and standard deviation) was conducted. Inferential analysis was conducted to identify the relation between participants' demographic data and the subscales. Results The majority of the studied sample was aged 20 years or over (n=194, 82.55%) and was from the second year of undergraduate nursing school (n=120, 51.1%). The total mean score of the overall knowledge levels among nursing students at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) was mild (M=0.91, SD=±1.04), whereas the overall mean percentage score of undergraduate nursing students' attitudes toward care, education, and advocacy for autistic children was 74.38%, indicating a positive high level of attitude. Conclusions This study highlighted the level of nursing students' knowledge about childhood autism. Additionally, it disclosed their attitudes toward autistic children. The study filled a gap in the literature by revealing the perspectives of nursing students toward ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa M Alabdulaziz
- Maternity and Children Department/Pediatric Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Salmah A Alghamdi
- Maternity and Child Health Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Asala M Aladwani
- Radiology Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rawan A Alharthi
- Emergency Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Layla K Almadani
- Pediatric Ward, King Abdullah Medical Complex Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Khadijah A Niyazi
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Maternity and Children Specialist Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Yara M Alharbi
- Adult Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, SAU
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Yılmaz Z, Al-Taie A. A cross-sectional study of community pharmacists' self-reported disease knowledge and competence in the treatment of childhood autism spectrum disorder. Int J Clin Pharm 2023; 45:1088-1097. [PMID: 36547799 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-022-01530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease that can cause significant social, communication, and behavioural challenges. Given the rising prevalence of autism and multiple medication use, healthcare professionals, including community pharmacists, are required to have sufficient ASD knowledge to affect positively the disease prognosis and related comorbidities. AIM To assess community pharmacists' knowledge of disease and pharmacotherapy of ASD, along with the provision of patient education and counselling provided by, community pharmacists in Turkey. METHOD This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among community pharmacists in Turkey using a structured, validated questionnaire to assess ASD knowledge, awareness, and the provision of patient education and counselling by community pharmacists. RESULTS 486 community pharmacists were included, with a mean age of 39.69 ± 13.10 years, and most (n = 151, 31.1%) in the age range between 20 and 29 years. 96.3% of community pharmacists never had training about ASD. 32.9% of the participants were aware of the medicines for ASD treatment, and 25.7% were aware of the drugs' side effects. The mean overall knowledge about childhood autism among health workers questionnaire (KCAHW) score was 11.83 ± 3.91, and there was a statistically significant KCAHW score difference between other pharmacists and those with ASD training (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION There is a lack of disease and pharmacotherapy knowledge about childhood ASD among Turkish community pharmacists, particularly about communication impairment, type, onset, and comorbidities, as well as poor knowledge about drug pharmacotherapy and patient counselling services. This potentially creates a barrier to the adequate provision of healthcare to autistic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekiye Yılmaz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar, Kayışdağı Cad. No: 32, Ataşehir, 34758, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Anmar Al-Taie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tsami L, Nguyen JT, Alphonso N, Lerman D, Matteucci M, Chen N. Outcomes and Acceptability of Telehealth-Based Coaching for Caregivers in Asian Countries. Behav Modif 2023; 47:297-323. [PMID: 35850586 DOI: 10.1177/01454455221113560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies evaluating the effectiveness of using telehealth to train caregivers across large geographical distances in the United States and internationally indicate that this modality can increase families' accessibility to evidence-based interventions for problem behavior. In this study, experimenters and interpreters in the United States remotely coached nine caregivers of children with disabilities residing in three countries in Asia to implement functional analyses (FA) and functional communication training (FCT). Five of the nine families were culturally matched to either the experimenter or the interpreter. Problem behavior was reduced to near-zero levels for all but one participant. Furthermore, all caregivers implemented the procedures with high levels of integrity and rated the assessment and treatment as highly acceptable, regardless of cultural matching or use of interpreters. Overall, findings suggest telehealth-based caregiver coaching and caregiver-implemented FA plus FCT is feasible and acceptable in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ning Chen
- University of Houston-Clear Lake, TX, USA
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Jabbar S, Noor HS, Butt GA, Zahra SM, Irum A, Manzoor S, Mukhtar T, Aslam MR. A Cross-Sectional Study on Attitude and Barriers to Interprofessional Collaboration in Hospitals Among Health Care Professionals. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231171014. [PMID: 37162170 PMCID: PMC10184235 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231171014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The need for an effective health personnel team is important due to the increasing complexity of patient care and increasing co-morbidities. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among healthcare professionals offers appropriate collaborative management for humans. This study aimed to assess the attitude and barriers to IPC in hospitals among healthcare professionals in Lahore, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling technique. Healthcare professionals (speech-language pathologists, audiologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, ENT specialists, pediatricians, dentists, and nursing staff) working at Children Hospital, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Pakistan Society for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled (PSRD), Lahore, Pakistan were included. The paper and online survey questionnaire composed in the google form and attitudes toward healthcare teams scale (ATHCT) and barriers scale toward interprofessional collaboration were used. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze the survey data through frequency analyses and percentage distributions. Most of the respondents (response rate = 88.1%) had positive attitudes toward IPC and strongly agreed on 9 positive statements in ATHCT. Statistically, Major barriers were role and leadership ambiguity 68.6%, different goals of individual team members 68.1%, and 53.3% strongly agreed on the difference in levels of authority, power, expertise, and income. Although healthcare professionals have an optimistic attitude toward IPC, several healthcare professionals come across challenges during the practice of IPC. To overcome the analyzed barriers, the higher healthcare authorities must encourage interprofessional collaborative strategies and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Jabbar
- Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Aleena Irum
- Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Pierucci JM, Aquino GA, Pearson A, Perez M, Mwanza-Kabaghe S, Sichimba F, Mooya H. Parent-mediated intervention training for caregivers of children with developmental differences in Zambia. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 132:104373. [PMID: 36413886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower- and middle-income countries (LAMICs) are under-resourced and have limited intervention services for children with developmental differences and their families. A logical method to address service gaps within resource-scarce contexts is to train caregivers as interventionists, specifically using empirically-supported parent-mediated Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (P-M NDBIs; Kasari et al., 2010; Ingersoll & Wainer, 2013). AIMS The study implemented the first P-M NDBI in Zambia and aimed to train caregivers and improve children's social-communication skills. METHODS/PROCEDURES The current study utilized a mixed-methods, pre-post design and implemented Project ImPACT (Ingersoll & Dvortcsak, 2010, 2019). Participants included 19 Zambian caregivers of children (n = 20) with developmental differences including autism spectrum condition, Down syndrome, and cerebral palsy. OUTCOMES/RESULTS Findings indicated that children's language skills and pretend play skills significantly improved from pre- to post-assessment, and caregivers most frequently used intervention strategies for modeling communication and prompting communication. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS The success and feasibility of implementing Project ImPACT in Zambia, and recommendations for culturally adapting and implementing P-M NDBIs in LAMICs, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Pierucci
- Department of Psychology, St. Mary's University, One Camino Santa Maria, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA.
| | - Gabriela A Aquino
- Department of Human Development & Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, TX 78705, USA.
| | - Alexandra Pearson
- Department of Psychology, Houston Community College, 3100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77002, USA.
| | - Monica Perez
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, 220 Main Building, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Sylvia Mwanza-Kabaghe
- Department of Educational Psychology, Sociology and Special Education, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, P.O. Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Francis Sichimba
- Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, P.O. Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Haatembo Mooya
- Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, P.O. Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia.
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Davin N, Watson S, Harding K, Ghaderi G. A cohort of Ontario physicians' knowledge regarding autism spectrum disorder: a mixed methods study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 70:915-924. [PMID: 39131760 PMCID: PMC11308962 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2149101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Employing a mixed methods approach, this study examined the knowledge and information Ontario physicians have concerning Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Physicians are at the front line when it comes to identifying ASD. The Healthcare Professional Questionnaire was filled out by 46 physicians and 16 filled out the Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers Questionnaire (KCAHW) before being asked to participate in a semi-structured interview in which 7 participated. Paediatricians and psychiatrist reported having the highest levels of knowledge. Findings revealed that physicians are lacking in information regarding some early signs (i.e. social smiling = 50%), added diagnostic criteria (i.e. hypo-reactivity to sensory information = 56%), and the prevalence rate of ASD (average estimate of 1 in 1109). Additionally, exposure to individuals with ASD was found to be a facilitator to knowledge acquisition regarding ASD. The physicians recommended a road map method to disseminate information and increase knowledge and awareness. Implications of the findings include what areas of knowledge and information need to be increased, and how knowledge and competency can be increased, to better care for this population.
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Mao S, Fan X, Ma Y, Chen Y, Lv J, Yang R. Knowledge and beliefs about autism spectrum disorders among physicians: a cross-sectional survey from China. BMJ Paediatr Open 2022; 6:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001696. [PMID: 36645801 PMCID: PMC9756177 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is increasing greatly, with high demands for earlier diagnosis and intervention. However, little is known about ASD knowledge and beliefs among physicians in China. METHODS A questionnaire survey was used to assess the knowledge and beliefs about the diagnosis and management of ASD and 24 beliefs regarding the treatment and prognostic aspects of ASD among physicians of any medical specialty in China. RESULTS A total of 1160 physicians were recruited and surveyed, with an average score of 8.48±2.66 (total of 18 points) for the questionnaire on the main symptoms of ASD and 14.35±3.69 (total of 24 points) for beliefs about ASD. Physicians' age, sex, specialty and practice years were related to their knowledge of identifying patients with ASD. Physicians specialising in paediatrics/psychology/psychiatry scored higher than those specialising in other specialties both in response to diagnostic questions (8.98±2.63 vs 8.30±2.65, p<0.001) and beliefs about ASD (15.57±3.44 vs 13.97±3.97, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge and beliefs about ASD symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are insufficient among physicians in China. Education and training programmes on this topic should be enhanced in physicians of all specialties, especially for male physicians who have short years in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiong Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Child Psychology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Department of Child Psychology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Child Psychology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Lv
- Department of Child Psychology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongwang Yang
- Department of Child Psychology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Cleary M, West S, Hunt GE, McLean L, Hungerford C, Kornhaber R. How People with Autism Access Mental Health Services Specifically Suicide Hotlines and Crisis Support Services, and Current Approaches to Mental Health Care: A Scoping Review. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:1093-1106. [PMID: 36041121 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2022.2108529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
For people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the risk of mental illness, including suicidality, has a higher prevalence than the general population. This scoping review explored how people with ASD access suicide hotlines/crisis support services; and current approaches to delivering mental health services (MHS) to people with ASD. A search identified 28 studies meeting the selection criteria with analysis revealing four key findings. The support received by the person with ASD influenced how they accessed MHS; people often encounter barriers to accessing MHS; a separation exists between autism and MHS; and no studies on accessing or delivering MHS through crisis hotlines. The presence of such autism-specific crisis hotlines and the dearth of studies suggest a void in the existing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cleary
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sancia West
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenn E Hunt
- Speciality of Psychiatry, Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Loyola McLean
- Diploma of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Cert ATP, Accredited AAI Coder and Trainer, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Psychotherapy Program for Complex Traumatic Disorders, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, Sydney, Australia.,Western Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Hungerford
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, NSW, and School of Health, Federation University, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Kornhaber
- School of Nursing, University of Tasmania, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Yaylaci F, Guller B. Diagnostic evaluation of patients referred by family physicians with the suspicion of autism spectrum disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 69:936-945. [PMID: 37885848 PMCID: PMC10599202 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence shows that early interventions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more efficient and associated with better long-term outcomes. This also highlights the need for early recognition of children with ASD symptoms by family physicians and referral to child psychiatrists. This study aimed to evaluate how family physicians' knowledge about ASD is reflected in clinical practice by making a diagnostic evaluation of the cases referred with suspected ASD. The study included 149 cases that family physicians referred to child psychiatrists regarding the assessment for ASD. Diagnostic evaluation of the subjects was carried out using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria. Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) were used in the evaluation process. Denver II developmental screening inventory was used to evaluate all subjects under six. The mean age of all participants was 39.1 (±13.2) months, and in ASD cases, it was 34.6 (±7.8) months. Of all referred cases, 72,5% were diagnosed according to the DSM-5 criteria. The most common diagnoses were global developmental delay (28.9%), language disorder (15.4%), ASD (15.4%), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (8.7%), respectively. The most common reason for referral specified on the consultation note was delayed speech, with a rate of 87.2%. In addition, 148 (99.3%) of the symptoms noted on the referral note were clustered within the DSM-5 ASD A criteria and 19 (12.8%) within the ASD B criteria. Developmental delay was more prominent in cases with ASD when compared to those with global developmental delay and language disorder. The most common diagnosis was a global developmental delay in referred cases, and only some of the symptoms seen in ASD from the referral notes of family physicians stood out as the reason for referral. These results underline the necessity of continuing ASD training for family physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Yaylaci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Dörtcelik Child Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Baris Guller
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Dörtcelik Child Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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Altaher AM, Chu SY, Park HR, Khoong ESQ, Mustaffa Kamal R, Mcconnell G. Current practices of Malaysian speech-language pathologists working with dysarthria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2022; 24:122-132. [PMID: 34348530 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2021.1958921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the practice patterns used by Malaysian speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with patients with dysarthria, identified challenges perceived by SLPs and explored strategies to address perceived barriers for improving dysarthria management.Method: Two studies were conducted. Study 1 disseminated a 30-item survey questionnaire electronically via google link to SLPs in the Malaysian Speech-Language-Hearing Association through e-mail lists. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics. In Study 2, semi-structured interviews of twelve SLPs who managed patients with dysarthria were conducted. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the thematic analysis method.Result: Three major themes and ten sub-themes emerged from the interviews, including "assessment and treatment practices", "challenges", and "overcoming challenges". SLPs' practice of assessment and treatment of dysarthria were predominantly impairment-based. Respondents (64%) who never used standardised assessment tools valued textbooks more as sources of evidence and had a lower level of confidence in their knowledge about dysarthria compared to those who used standardised tools.Conclusion: Focus now needs to be on the education needs of our SLPs, on both the university training and continuing education levels, for direction of the development of professional training courses. Ongoing research and public awareness are required to guide clinical management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Muneer Altaher
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin Ying Chu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Elaine Shi Qing Khoong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahayu Mustaffa Kamal
- Dept of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Grace Mcconnell
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health and Human Services, Rockhurst University, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Mukhamedshina YO, Fayzullina RA, Nigmatullina IA, Rutland CS, Vasina VV. Health care providers' awareness on medical management of children with autism spectrum disorder: cross-sectional study in Russia. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:29. [PMID: 35012536 PMCID: PMC8751116 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental range of conditions that involves difficulties with social interaction and restricted/repetitive behaviors. Unfortunately, health care providers often experience difficulties in diagnosis and management of individuals with ASD, and may have no knowledge about possible ways to overcome barriers in ASD patient interactions in healthcare settings. At the same time, the provision of appropriate medical services can have positive effects on habilitative progress, functional outcome, life expectancy and quality of life for individuals with ASD. METHODS This online survey research study evaluated the awareness and experience of students/residents (n = 247) and physicians (n = 100) in the medical management of children with ASD. It also gathered the views and experiences of caregivers to children with ASD (n = 158), all based in Russia. RESULTS We have established that the Russian medical community has limited ASD knowledge among providers, and have suggested possible reasons for this. Based on results from online surveys completed by students/residents, non-psychiatric physicians, and caregivers of children diagnosed with ASD, the main problems pertaining to medical management of individuals with ASD were identified. Possible problem solving solutions within medical practice were proposed. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study should be considered when implementing measures to improve healthcare practices, and when developing models for effective medical management, due to start not only in Russia but also in a number of other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y O Mukhamedshina
- Clinical Research Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya St 18, Kazan, 420008, Tatarstan, Russia.
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - R A Fayzullina
- Department of Propaedeutics of Pediatric Diseases and Faculty Pediatrics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - I A Nigmatullina
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy of Special Education, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - C S Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - V V Vasina
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogy of Special Education, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Understanding the impact of dog ownership on autistic adults: implications for mental health and suicide prevention. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23655. [PMID: 34880277 PMCID: PMC8655007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems and suicide are more frequent in autistic adults than general population. Dog ownership can improve human well-being. This study aimed to generate a framework of well-being outcomes for dog-related activities in autistic adults and compare it to the framework generated for a general adult population. Thirty-six autistic dog owners (18–74 years old, 18 males) from diverse UK regions were interviewed and transcripts thematically analysed. 16.7% reported that their dogs prevented them from taking their own lives, mainly due to the dog's affection and the need to care for the animal. Close dog-owner interactions (e.g., cuddling, walking, dog's presence) were the most frequent activities improving emotions/moods and life functioning, whereas routine-like activities (e.g., feeding the animal) particularly enhanced life functioning. Well-being worsening was mainly linked to dog behaviour problems, dog poor health/death and obligations to the dog. Despite some negatives associated with ownership, having a dog could improve the well-being of many autistic adults and assist suicide prevention strategies in this high-risk group. The framework was consistent with that generated previously, indicating its robustness and the potential opportunity to focus on dog-related activities rather than the vague concept of “ownership” when considering the impact of ownership on well-being.
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Rahbar MH, Dobrescu I, Gillani S, Hessabi M, Kim S, Stancu M, Rad F. Construct validity for the self-reported competency and sub-construct associated characteristics of Romanian physicians in autism spectrum disorder. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:588. [PMID: 34801018 PMCID: PMC8605522 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of physicians' knowledge regarding mental health, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) could have adverse effects on affected individuals' health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to provide construct validity for a modified questionnaire in order to determine the self-reported competency for underlying sub-constructs in ASD, make inferences on perceived competence in ASD based on a sample of Romanian physicians, and identify physicians' characteristics associated with these sub-domains of competency. METHODS For this survey, we modified a questionnaire that was used in Pakistan and Turkey, and administered it to a sample of 383 practicing physicians in Romania to assess their perceived competency regarding ASD. Exploratory factor analysis on 12 knowledge questions revealed five sub-domains: stigma, potential causes, children's behavior, misconceptions, and educational needs associated with ASD knowledge. Using General Linear Models, we determined physicians' characteristics that predict the total competency score and various competency sub-scores. RESULTS Seventy-five percent of the responding physicians were female and 30% had over 30 years practicing medicine. The majority (73-94%) of physicians have correctly responded to some basic questions regarding knowledge about ASD. We also found that younger physicians were more knowledgeable about potential causes of ASD than older physicians (Adjusted Mean Score (AMS): 2.90 vs. 2.18, P < 0.01), while older physicians knew more about the behavior of children with ASD (AMS: 0.64 vs. 0.37, P = 0.02). We found a significant interaction (P < 0.01) between television as source of ASD knowledge and city where the clinic is located in relation to knowledge of the physicians regarding stigma related to ASD. However, the total score was not associated with the variables associated with sub-domains. CONCLUSION Using factor analysis, we demonstrated construct validity of five sub-domains related to Romanian physicians' knowledge about ASD that include stigma, potential causes, behavior in ASD children, special education needs, and misconceptions related to ASD. The lack of significant association of the knowledge of physicians on ASD neither with the Psychiatry nor the Pediatric ward rotations at medical school may support the need for improving the curriculum on ASD in Romanian medical schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Rahbar
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6410 Fannin Street, Suite 1100.05, UT Professional Building, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6410 Fannin Street, Suite 1100.05, UT Professional Building, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Iuliana Dobrescu
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr.Alex. Obregia” Psychiatry Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Shezeen Gillani
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Manouchehr Hessabi
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6410 Fannin Street, Suite 1100.05, UT Professional Building, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Sori Kim
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6410 Fannin Street, Suite 1100.05, UT Professional Building, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mihaela Stancu
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr.Alex. Obregia” Psychiatry Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florina Rad
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, “Prof. Dr.Alex. Obregia” Psychiatry Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Tasew S, Mekonnen H, Goshu AT. Knowledge of childhood autism among nurses working in governmental hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211049121. [PMID: 34691470 PMCID: PMC8532247 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211049121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs in the early childhood period and is characterized by altered social interaction, communication problems, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior. Genetic, environmental, or physical risk factors are associated with prenatal, natal, or postnatal complications, leading to the development of autism spectrum disorders. Prompt diagnosis and management should be an integral component of the care provision in countries like Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess knowledge of childhood autism among nurses working in governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS Institutional based cross-sectional study design was used. The sample size was calculated using the single population proportion formula, and the final sample size was 360. Final study subjects were selected by using the simple random sampling method. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires and were then coded and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were utilized to show frequencies and percentages, and analysis of variance was carried out to compute the association between the dependent and independent variables. Independent t-test was also done to see the association between dependent variables and independent variables with two means. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The mean score for knowledge-related items was 8.79 ± 0.4. In this study, out of 331 nurses, 180 (54.35%) had good knowledge. Significant mean score difference was observed among age distribution (F-Ratio = 2.8, p-value = 0.04), level of education (F-ratio = 13.97, p < 0.001) and work experience (F-Ratio = 3.07 p-value = 0.017). CONCLUSION A significant gap was observed in the overall knowledge of childhood autism among nurses employed in the governmental hospitals of Addis Ababa. The respondents' knowledge level was significantly different among age group distributions, education levels, and work experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Tasew
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Hussen Mekonnen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Tibebu Goshu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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GÖLBAŞI H, DEMİREL Y, NEMMEZİ KARACA S, UZUN CİCEK A, SARI SA. Sivas İl Merkezi’nde otizm spektrum bozukluğunun (OSB) yaygınlığı ve aile sağlığı merkezleri sağlık çalışanlarının OSB farkındalıkları. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.904937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ee J, Lim JM, Stenfert Kroese B, Rose J. What Are the Experiences of People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders Receiving Outpatient Mental Health Services in Singapore? JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jppi.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ee
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Jan Mei Lim
- Department of Psychology Institute of Mental Health Singapore
| | - Biza Stenfert Kroese
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - John Rose
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
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Çitil G, Çöp E, Açıkel SB, Sarı E, Karacan CD, Şenel S. Assessment of the knowledge and awareness of pediatric residents and pediatricians about autism spectrum disorder at a single center in Turkey. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:2264-2275. [PMID: 34191315 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder and pediatricians play a critical role in early diagnosis. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, beliefs, and experiences of pediatric residents and pediatricians about ASD. A 35-item questionnaire consisting of two sections was administered. The diagnostic features section consisted of questions measuring the level of knowledge about diagnostic criteria of ASD. The general knowledge and beliefs section consisted of questions about beliefs and experiences regarding ASD. The study consisted of 101 participants. Mean score obtained by all participants from the diagnostic features section was 5.78 ± 1.65. The mean scores obtained by residents and pediatricians from the diagnostic features section were 5.35 ± 1.5 and 6.31 ± 1.68. Pediatricians obtained higher scores significantly than residents from diagnostic features section (t = -2.99, p = 0.004). The mean scores obtained by residents and pediatricians from section of general knowledge and beliefs were 13.69 ± 3 and 14.48 ± 3.15. This difference was not significant (t = -1.27, p = 0.225). This study suggests that participants' knowledge and awareness about ASD was insufficient and while pediatricians knew more about the diagnostic criteria, their awareness and approach regarding ASD were no different from pediatric residents in general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çitil
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Çöp
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Burak Açıkel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eyüp Sarı
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Demir Karacan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saliha Şenel
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Concentrations of Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Manganese, and Aluminum in the Blood of Pakistani Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Associated Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168625. [PMID: 34444373 PMCID: PMC8392432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with early onset in utero or childhood. Environmental exposure to six metals (Pb, Hg, As, Cd, Mn, Al) is believed to be associated with ASD directly or interactively with genes. Objective: To assess the association of ASD among Pakistani children with the six metals and genotype frequencies of three GST genes (GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT1). Methods: We enrolled 30 ASD cases, age 2–12 years old, and 30 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) controls in Karachi, Pakistan. We assessed associations of ASD status with various factors using Conditional Logistic Regression models. We also used General Linear Models to assess possible interaction of blood Mn and Pb concentrations with the three GST genes in relation to ASD status. Results: The unadjusted difference between ASD and TD groups in terms of geometric mean blood Pb concentrations was marginally significant (p = 0.05), but for Al concentrations, the adjusted difference was marginally significant (p = 0.06). Conclusions: This is the first study reporting six blood metal concentrations of Pakistani children with ASD. Estimates provided for possible interactions of GST genes with Mn and Pb in relation to ASD status are valuable for designing future similar studies.
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Shrestha R, Dissanayake C, Barbaro J. Implementing and evaluating Social Attention and Communication Surveillance (SACS) to prospectively identify autism in very young children in Nepal. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 115:104013. [PMID: 34144316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be identified as early as 12 months and diagnosed by 24 months, the mean age of diagnosis of ASD in Nepal is ∼58 months, with children missing the opportunity for early intervention. AIMS This study implemented and evaluated a Nepali version of the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance (SACS-N) tool, to identify children between 11-30 months who are at "high likelihood" of ASD in a local community in Nepal. METHODS Sixty Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) were trained to monitor and identify the early signs of ASD using SACS-N. RESULTS Overall, 1926 children were monitored with the SACS-N, with 11 children (0.57 %) referred for further assessments at 11-15 months (n = 4), 16-21 months (n = 4), and 22-30 months (n = 3). Of these children, 10 children had a developmental disorder, including ASD and Global Developmental Delay; no information was available on one child who migrated. Hence, the positive predictive value (PPV) of SACS-N for all developmental disorders was 100 %. Of seven children attending a gold standard diagnostic/ developmental assessment, three had ASD (43 % PPV for ASD). The estimated prevalence of ASD ranged between 0.16 % to 0.26 %. CONCLUSION Community-based developmental monitoring of ASD and other developmental delays by FCHVs is a feasible, cost-effective and sustainable approach to promoting early identification of ASD in Nepal. Further training and awareness of autism is needed for more accurate and increased referral rates using the SACS-N, including regular supervision of FCHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Shrestha
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Cheryl Dissanayake
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Josephine Barbaro
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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A Systematic Review of Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge, Self-Efficacy and Attitudes Towards Working with Autistic People. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHealthcare professionals play a vital role in identifying and supporting autistic people. This study systematically reviewed empirical research examining healthcare professionals’ knowledge, self-efficacy and attitudes towards working with autistic people. Thirty-five studies were included. The included studies sampled a range of countries and professional backgrounds. A modified quality assessment tool found the quality of the included studies was moderately good. Narrative synthesis indicated that healthcare professionals report only moderate levels of autism knowledge and self-efficacy, and often lack training. Variation within and between countries and professional background was not explained by demographic factors. The reviewed evidence suggests health professionals’ limited knowledge and self-efficacy in working with autistic people is a challenge to the provision of healthcare for autistic individuals.
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Javed A, Lee C, Zakaria H, Buenaventura RD, Cetkovich-Bakmas M, Duailibi K, Ng B, Ramy H, Saha G, Arifeen S, Elorza PM, Ratnasingham P, Azeem MW. Reducing the stigma of mental health disorders with a focus on low- and middle-income countries. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 58:102601. [PMID: 33611083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mental health disorders are a burgeoning global public health challenge, and disproportionately affect the poor. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear 80 % of the mental health disease burden. Stigma associated with mental health results in delayed help seeking, reduced access to health services, suboptimal treatment, poor outcomes and an increased risk of individuals' human rights violations. Moreover, widespread co-occurrence of physical comorbidities such as noncommunicable diseases with mental health disorders makes the treatment of both conditions challenging and worsens prognosis. This paper explores various aspects of stigma towards mental health with a focus on LMICs and assesses measures to increase help-seeking and access to and uptake of mental health services. Stigma impacts persons living with mental illness, their families and caregivers and healthcare professionals (mental health professionals, non-psychiatric specialists and general practitioners) imparting mental health care. Cultural, socio-economic and religious factors determine various aspects of mental health in LMICs, ranging from perceptions of health and illness, health seeking behavior, attitudes of the individuals and health practitioners and mental health systems. Addressing stigma requires comprehensive and inclusive mental health policies and legislations; sustainable and culturally-adapted awareness programs; capacity building of mental health workforce through task-shifting and interprofessional approaches; and improved access to mental health services by integration with primary healthcare and utilizing existing pathways of care. Future strategies targeting stigma reduction must consider the enormous physical comorbidity burden associated with mental health, prioritize workplace interventions and importantly, address the deterioration of population mental health from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Javed
- Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan; World Psychiatric Association (WPA), UK.
| | - Cheng Lee
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Hazli Zakaria
- Malaysian Psychiatric Association (MPA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robert D Buenaventura
- Department of Neurosciences, Manila Theological College - College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marcelo Cetkovich-Bakmas
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kalil Duailibi
- Department of Psychiatry, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Ng
- Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico; University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hisham Ramy
- NeuroPsychiatry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Egyptian Psychiatric Association (EPA), Cairo, Egypt; Egyptian Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (EACBT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gautam Saha
- Clinic Brain Neuropsychiatric Institute and Research Center, Kolkata, India; Indian Psychiatric Society, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Paola M Elorza
- Research, Development & Medical, Upjohn - A Pfizer Division, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Muhammad Waqar Azeem
- Department of Psychiatry, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
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Gossou KM, Koudema A, Kpoffon K, Adjiwanou V. Knowledge about Autism among Graduate Students in Togo. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:877-889. [PMID: 33754229 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Graduate students in healthcare or education programs should have adequate knowledge about autism as they could become professionals in that field. However, we were unable to locate any published studies that examined knowledge about autism among graduate students in francophone sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, the goal of this study was to describe knowledge about autism among 254 graduate psychology, medical, and education students in Togo. Results suggested that only 5% of graduate students had good knowledge about autism. Although graduate psychology students achieved higher scores than others, all subgroups had inadequate knowledge about specific characteristics of autism. The findings highlight the necessity of passing public policies to promote autism research and training in local universities in Togo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kodzo Kpoffon
- Department of Psychology, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Visseho Adjiwanou
- Département de Sociologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Shrestha R, Barbaro J, Dissanayake C. Changes in Knowledge on the Signs of Autism in Young Children (11-30 Months) among Female Community Health Volunteers in Nepal. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:219-239. [PMID: 33709379 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nepalese Female Community Health Volunteers' (FCHVs) knowledge on social attention and communication development and the early signs of autism was evaluated before, immediately after, and 12-months following training on typical and atypical social-communicative development in infants/toddlers, early signs of autism, and monitoring of key "markers" of autism using Social Attention and Communication Surveillance. FCHVs (N = 60) significantly improved their knowledge about autism and reported increased perceived confidence in monitoring and referring young children at high likelihood of autism following training, which was sustained one year later. FCHVs also reported a positive impact of training on their work. These findings indicate the effectiveness of training in improving FCHVs' knowledge and perceived confidence to monitor and refer young children at high likelihood of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Shrestha
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Josephine Barbaro
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Cheryl Dissanayake
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Philip M, Ramu R, Prasannan RV, Thomas M, James N, V. KB. Mothers' Knowledge of Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Indian Perspective. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2021; 12:165-170. [PMID: 33531777 PMCID: PMC7846324 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to assess the knowledge of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders (CNDDs) among mothers of children younger than 5 years and to promote awareness through health education to promote early identification. Methods Quantitative approach, a descriptive survey in nature research design, was used. A total of 173 mothers who contented the inclusion conditions were chosen as sample on the basis of purposive sampling. The research study was done at the selected Primary Health Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka. The tabulations were measured and construed based on the objectives of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The findings showed that most of the mothers have insufficient knowledge (mean and standard deviation: 3.02 ± 2.75) and there is no substantial relationship found between mothers' knowledge on CNDD and their demographic variables except their occupation and majority of the mothers communicated that they needed further facts toward CNDD. Conclusion The government and nongovernmental organizations can take initiations to conduct health education programs toward childhood developmental delays and disorders for the general public including mothers and community health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Philip
- College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Ramu
- College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakhi V. Prasannan
- College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Merin Thomas
- College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ninitha James
- College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kathyayani B. V.
- College of Nursing, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Munawar K, Abdul Khaiyom JH, Bokharey IZ, Park MSA, Choudhry FR. A systematic review of mental health literacy in Pakistan. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2020; 12:e12408. [PMID: 32803860 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Individual mental health has become a primary global concern. In Pakistan, the prevalence of mental health issues is still unclear, as not many studies have assessed the level of mental health literacy (MHL) in the country. This systematic review aims to bridge this gap by encouraging the early detection of mental disorders, lessening stigma, and improving help-seeking behavior. Nine electronic databases were searched to identify empirical literature in this area. Only studies that evaluated MHL efficacy and those published in English were selected. Non-peer reviewed articles and gray literature were excluded. From 613 studies retrieved, 59 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Forty-three of the included studies mentioned mental health outcome measures (of which only four mentioned reliability indices), 13 discussed stigma, 18 examined help-seeking approaches to mental illness treatments, and 47 discussed mental health knowledge. Additionally, the outcome of the MHL measures had considerable heterogeneity and limited validity. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to a lack of MHL operationalization. Besides, the measurement tools in the studies lacked consistency and standardization. This review compiled the available studies on MHL to assist researchers currently studying the various dimensions of MHL, as well as those designing new studies or investigating effective methods to increase MHL. This review highlights the need for well-designed controlled intervention studies. Further implications for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadeeja Munawar
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Hanum Abdul Khaiyom
- Department of Psychology, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Iram Zehra Bokharey
- Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Hospital, Neela Gumbad Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Miriam Sang-Ah Park
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fahad Riaz Choudhry
- Department of Psychology, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Namuli JD, Nakimuli-Mpungu E, Mwesiga EK, Joyce NS. Knowledge Gaps about Autism Spectrum Disorders and its Clinical Management among Child and Adolescent Health Care Workers in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study. EC PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY 2020; 9:112-121. [PMID: 34557878 PMCID: PMC8457675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited literature on the knowledge about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among child and adolescent health professionals from resource limited settings. METHODS 40 child and adolescent health professionals were purposively sampled from the two national referral hospitals in Uganda. Participants completed a standardized questionnaire that collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, the Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers (KCAHW) and the challenges related to diagnosing and managing ASD. General linear model with the Poisson regression was used to evaluate bivariate and multivariate factors associated with limited knowledge about ASD. RESULTS The study participation rate was 90% with the majority being females (N = 21, 58%). Also, most (N = 20, 55.6%) were mental health professionals working at the Butabika pediatric out-patient clinic while (N = 16, 44.4%) were pediatric health professionals working at the Mulago mental and neurological pediatric clinics. The mean score on KCAHW was 11.8 (SD = 3.75). The participants (36.1%) who scored below the mean score were regarded as having limited knowledge about ASD. Health workers with limited knowledge about ASD (KCAHW score < 11.8) were less likely to have a degree [adjusted Prevalence rate ratio (aPRR) = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.08 to 0.78, p-value = 0.018. Mental health and Non-mental health workers had comparable KCAHW mean scores. Clinical Psychologists, Psychiatrists, psychiatry residents and pediatric nurses had the highest KCAHW scores while psychiatric nurses and medical social workers had the lowest scores. CONCLUSION The proportion of child and adolescent health professionals with limited knowledge about ASD is substantial. There is urgent need to increase focus on training in autism spectrum disorders especially among non-specialist health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Diana Namuli
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Emmanuel K Mwesiga
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nalugya S Joyce
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Mulago National Referral ansd Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
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Rohanachandra YM, Prathapan S, Amarabandu HGI. The knowledge of Public Health Midwives on Autism Spectrum Disorder in two selected districts of the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 52:102094. [PMID: 32334398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early interventions are important for improving outcome in autism. However, the diagnosis of autism is often delayed for 3-4 years, which leads to missed opportunities to initiate early intensive behavioural interventions, thus jeopardizing its prognosis. The lack of knowledge among healthcare workers about the features of autism is postulated to be the main reason for this delay. METHODOLOGY A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among the PHMs in the Colombo and Kalutara districts of the Western Province, Sri Lanka. A specifically designed self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information about the socio-demographic details. The knowledge about the signs and symptoms and common comorbidities of ASD were assessed using the "Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers (KCAHW) Questionnaire". RESULTS Out of 406 participants, 56.9 % (n = 231) were from the Colombo District. The mean knowledge of the participants on the "Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers (KCAHW) Questionnaire" was 13.23/19 (SD = 2.647). The knowledge was significantly higher in those who had participated in training programmes on autism (p < 0.01) and in those who have had contact with a child with autism (p < 0.05). Of the participants, 17.2 % (n = 70) believed that autism could be completely cured. 43.6 % and 42.2 % believed that poor attention from parents and parental conflicts during pregnancy and early childhood caused autism in children respectively. CONCLUSION The knowledge of PHMs on autism is inadequate, with regard to the comorbidities, aetiology and treatment options. In service programmes are useful in improving the knowledge of PHMs on autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamini Prathapan
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Soratha Mawatha, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - H G Irosha Amarabandu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Soratha Mawatha, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
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A study exploring the autism awareness of students attending the department of pre-school teacher education of a public University in Istanbul, Turkey. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.741719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cooke E, Smith V, Brenner M. Parents' experiences of accessing respite care for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at the acute and primary care interface: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:244. [PMID: 32443974 PMCID: PMC7243332 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population prevalence estimates by the World Health Organisation suggest that 1 in 160 children worldwide has an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Accessing respite care services for children with an ASD can often be a daunting and exhaustive process, with parents sometimes forced to access acute hospital services as an initial point of contact for respite care or in a crisis situation. To gain an in-depth understanding of accessing respite care for children with an ASD, from the perspectives of parents, a systematic review of the evidence on parent's experiences and views of respite care for children with an ASD at the acute and primary interface was undertaken. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO were systematically searched. Studies identified as relevant based on predetermined eligibility criteria were selected for inclusion. The search strategy also targeted unpublished studies and grey literature. Qualitative data and qualitative components of mixed method studies that represented the experiences of parents accessing respite care for children with an ASD were eligible for inclusion. A meta-aggregative approach was used during data synthesis. RESULTS Database searching elicited 430 records of which 291 studies remained after removal of duplicates. These 291 studies were screened for title and abstract by two reviewers resulting in 31 studies to be screened at full text and assessed for eligibility. Six studies met the inclusion criteria and a further additional study also met the inclusion criteria during a manual search. As a result, 7 studies were selected for the review as set out in Fig. 1. CONCLUSION In the absence of appropriate services and defined pathways to support services such as respite care, overwhelmed parents and community providers of mental health resources may not be in a position to meet the specific needs of children with an ASD and their families which may be contributing to a direct increase in hospitalizations. This systematic review identified a number of barriers to respite care, of which the findings can be used to inform future service development and further research. Knowledge of parental experiences in caring for a child with an ASD is vital in addressing the need and type of respite care required for children with an ASD. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018106629.
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Akhter N, Mumtaz N, Saqulain G. Autism Cognizance: A dilemma among medical and Allied Medical practitioners. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:678-682. [PMID: 32494255 PMCID: PMC7260924 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.4.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the awareness about autism among Medical and Allied-Medical Practitioners. Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited a sample of n=300 participants including n=150 Medical and n=150 Allied-Medical practitioners using convenience sampling from Benazir Bhutto Hospital and Autism Resource Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan between 20th May 2018 to 20th October 2018. Sample included both genders, aged 21 to 50 years. Basic demographic sheet and Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Health Workers (KCAHW) Questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21. Results: Study revealed the total mean KCAHW score of 15.20 ± 5.17 and 8.84 ± 6.31 for Allied-Medical and Medical practitioners respectively. While the Domain-I mean KCAHW scores was 6.28±2.10 and 3.68±2.41; Domain-II score 0.86 ± 0.35 and 0.45 ± 0.50; Domain-III score 3.28 ± 1.00 and 1.91 ± 1.65; and Domain-IV score of 4.83 ±1.72 and 2.80 ± 1.75 for Allied-Medical and Medical practitioners respectively. Conclusion: The present study shows that there is significant awareness regarding autism among Allied-Medical compared to Medical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed Akhter
- Ms. Naheed Akhter, M. Phil (Speech Language Pathology), Head of Occupational Therapy, Autism Resource Centre, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Mumtaz
- Dr. Nazia Mumtaz, PhD (Rehabilitation Sciences), Head of Department, Isra Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Saqulain
- Dr. Ghulam Saqulain, F.C.P.S (Otorhinolaryngology), Head of Department Otorhinolaryngology, Capital Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Taresh S, Ahmad NA, Roslan S, Ma’rof AM, Zaid S. Pre-School Teachers' Knowledge, Belief, Identification Skills, and Self-Efficacy in Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Conceptual Framework to Identify Children with ASD. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10030165. [PMID: 32183022 PMCID: PMC7139893 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the identification and detection of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has become an essential issue under ASD intervention services. The high percentage of ASD among children requires preschool teachers to recognizse children's abnormal development and identify them at an early stage, followed by referral to specialists. Therefore, this identification calls for a specific ability among preschool teachers, identified as knowledge, belief, identification skills, and self-efficacy (KBISSE). This conceptual framework aims to utilize the current literature to present a discussion on preschool teachers' KBISSE in identifying children with ASD and making decisions to refer children suspected with ASD to specialists. The conceptual framework is discussed based on social cognitive theory (SCT) and the health belief model (HBM). The conceptual framework emphasizes the need for preschool teachers to be educated in ASD via an educational module that could increase teachers' self-efficacy in identifying children with ASD. Besides, knowledge in ASD, belief in ASD, and identification skills are also necessary variables for building the educational module. The educational module is useful for guiding future research on preschool teachers' identification of children with any disability, one of which is ASD, and subsequent specialist referral at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Taresh
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Nor Aniza Ahmad
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Samsilah Roslan
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Aini Marina Ma’rof
- Department of Foundations of Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.T.); (S.R.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Sumaia Zaid
- Department of Psychology, Sana’a University, Sana’a 1247, Yemen;
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Mac Cárthaigh S, López B. Factually based autism awareness campaigns may not always be effective in changing attitudes towards autism: Evidence from British and South Korean nursing students. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 24:1177-1190. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361319898362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the relationship between autism knowledge, autistic traits, frequency of contact with autistic people and attitudes towards these individuals in British and South Korean student nurses and whether these relationships were affected by the presence of autistic traits. In total, 331 participants (156 South Korean and 175 British) completed self-report measures of autism knowledge, attitudes towards autistic people, frequency of contact with these individuals and autistic traits. Although British participants demonstrated greater knowledge and more favourable attitudes, significant knowledge deficiencies were noted in both groups. Among British participants, knowledge was found to be a significant, but a very marginal, predictor of attitudes, whereas neither knowledge nor frequency of contact were predictive of attitudes among South Korean participants. Contrary to previous research findings, cultural differences in the presence of autistic traits were not noted, nor were these traits found to correlate with attitudes towards autistic people. The findings suggest that awareness initiatives which aim to address attitudes towards autism need more than simply increasing factual knowledge. More importantly, the results suggest that Western-developed autism awareness initiatives may be ineffectual if cultural idiosyncrasies are not considered. Lay abstract This study explored the relationship between autism knowledge, autistic traits, frequency of contact with autistic people and attitudes towards these individuals in British and South Korean student nurses and whether these relationships were affected by the presence of autistic traits. In total, 331 participants (156 South Korean and 175 British) completed self-report measures of autism knowledge, attitudes towards autistic people, frequency of contact with these individuals and autistic traits. Although British participants demonstrated greater knowledge and more favourable attitudes, significant knowledge gaps were noted in both groups. Among British participants, knowledge was found to be only a marginal predictor of attitudes, whereas neither knowledge nor frequency of contact were predictive of attitudes among South Korean participants. Contrary to previous research findings, cultural differences in the presence of autistic traits were not noted, nor were these traits found to be related to attitudes towards autistic people. The findings suggest that awareness initiatives which aim to address attitudes towards autism need more than simply increasing factual knowledge. More importantly, the results suggest that Western-developed autism awareness initiatives may be ineffectual if cultural differences are not considered.
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McClain MB, Harris B, Haverkamp CR, Golson ME, Schwartz SE. The ASKSP Revised (ASKSP-R) as a Measure of ASD Knowledge for Professional Populations. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 50:998-1006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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McCormack G, Dillon AC, Healy O, Walsh C, Lydon S. Primary Care Physicians’ Knowledge of Autism and Evidence-Based Interventions for Autism: A Systematic Review. REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-019-00189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alshammari MS, Afify AAM, Abdelhay O. Perception and convenience of caring for children with autism spectrum disorder among family medicine residents in Riyadh 2018. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:1902-1907. [PMID: 31334153 PMCID: PMC6618206 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_328_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of childhood pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders characterized predominantly by persistent moderate to severe impairment in social skills, communication, and associated with restricted repetitive or stereotyped behaviors. Early diagnosis of this disorder is paramount, which then allows for a timely intervention to facilitate a positive prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study that has investigated the perception of ASD among family medicine residents in Saudi Arabia. Objective To determine the level of awareness of childhood autism among family medicine residents in Riyadh. Settings and Design A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine teaching primary healthcare centers in Riyadh. Materials and Methods The questionnaire was adopted from Unigwe et al. study and distributed to 344 available physicians, of which 277 were received back completed. Results Only 28 physicians (10.1%) answered positively if they had previously attended any ASD workshops or conferences. In addition, only 29 participants (10.5%) correctly answered 50% or more questions. The question that yielded the lowest scoring was "Recognizing the signs and symptoms of autism in individuals with good language and no apparent intellectual difficulties", while the question with the highest scoring was "Identifying stress in the parents and carers of my patients with autism." The regression analysis showed no association between the scores and the physicians' characteristics. Conclusions The results show a low awareness level and moderate to low level of confidence in the physicians ability to recognize, identify, or communicate in regards to ASD. We recommend integrating lectures and clinical exposure of ASD to the residency training program curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha S Alshammari
- Department of Family Medicine Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A M Afify
- Department of Family Medicine Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdelhay
- Department of Data and Information Management and Analysis, United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees, Amman, Jordan
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Hayat AA, Meny AH, Salahuddin N, M.Alnemary F, Ahuja KR, Azeem MW. Assessment of knowledge about childhood autism spectrum disorder among healthcare workers in Makkah- Saudi Arabia. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:951-957. [PMID: 31372123 PMCID: PMC6659086 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.4.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the knowledge of healthcare professionals about increasingly prevalent Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) along with perceptions around its management and prognosis and comparison across various specialties. METHODS This Cross sectional survey based comparative analysis took place at Maternity and Children Hospital and King Faisal Hospital Makkah from December 2017 to May 2018. The validated self-administered "Knowledge about childhood autism among health workers" questionnaire was used along with additional questions regarding perceptions about ASD. The mean and mean percent scores were calculated. Chi squared test and ANOVA were applied to find the association between quantitative and qualitative variables respectively. RESULTS Out of 162 participants, 153 returned the questionnaire and 147 were included in final analysis. Physicians constituted 81.6% (120) of participants. The mean score for participants was 9.80(S.E.M ±0.32) where non-physicians yielded higher mean score (11.2±4.41) as compared to physicians (9.6±3.28) (p=0.113). Psychiatrists had highest score of 16/19 while general physicians had lowest (6/19). Participants with more years of experience had higher mean scores (p-value = 0.01). About 72.10% (106) of participants opted for medication as a treatment option. Nearly 38.1% (56) of participants were skeptical about improvement of ASD with early interventions. CONCLUSION There is a lack of knowledge about ASD amongst healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia. Experienced professionals working with ASD children can be utilized to deliver targeted trainings nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalia Akhtar Hayat
- Dr. Aalia Akhtar Hayat, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah al Mukarama, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Habib Meny
- Miss Areej Habib Meny, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabila Salahuddin
- Dr. Nabila Salahuddin, Mid-Essex Children’s Community Pediatric Medical Service, NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Faisal M.Alnemary
- Dr. Faisal M. Alnemary, Department of Special Education, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumar-Ricky Ahuja
- Dr. Kumar-Ricky Ahuja, Greenwich Community Pediatric Medical Services, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Waqar Azeem
- Prof. Muhammad Waqar Azeem Department of Psychiatry, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, Qatar
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Duggal C, Dua B, Chokhani R, Sengupta K. What works and how: Adult learner perspectives on an autism intervention training program in India. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:246-257. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361319856955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A significant treatment gap exists in low and middle income countries such as India for children with autism spectrum disorder. The Autism Intervention Training Program, a comprehensive 6-month program for training professionals in transdisciplinary evidence-based practices to address concerns associated with autism spectrum disorder, was piloted in India to address this gap. This study attempted to capture the perspectives of trainees on the effectiveness of andragogical approaches adopted in the Autism Intervention Training Program and the impact of this training on their work. An exploratory qualitative study was conceptualized, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 Autism Intervention Training Program trainees. Trainees highlighted the benefits of a blended training format, peer learning, and a responsive, reflective, experiential, and respectful approach to teaching and supervision. The impact of the program was perceived through an increase in trainees’ knowledge and skills, impact on their organizations, and positive outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder and their families. There is a need to develop and document comprehensive, contextualized, and evidence-based training programs for autism spectrum disorder professionals in low and middle income countries. Focusing on andragogical frameworks while conceptualizing and delivering these training programs is underscored, as approaches that promote self-efficacy in learners and enable transformative learning can lead to a cascading impact in resource-constrained settings.
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Awareness and Knowledge Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders Among University Students in Zambia. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:3571-3581. [PMID: 31140012 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Experiences with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) in sub-Saharan Africa are characterized with lots of uncertainty, including lack of awareness and knowledge. This study examined ASD awareness and knowledge among 488 University of Zambia undergraduate students using an autism awareness and knowledge survey. Study findings on awareness revealed a high proportion of students-seventy-nine percent (79%) had never heard of ASD before the survey. Significant variation in aspects of ASD knowledge was explained by gender, having children, internet use and school of study. Implications of low levels of ASD awareness and knowledge is a call to invest in ASD awareness campaigns through different platforms in order to promote ASD knowledge that translates into increased ASD understanding for better service provision in Zambia.
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Crane L, Davidson I, Prosser R, Pellicano E. Understanding psychiatrists' knowledge, attitudes and experiences in identifying and supporting their patients on the autism spectrum: online survey. BJPsych Open 2019; 5:e33. [PMID: 31530309 PMCID: PMC6469236 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2019.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatrists play a critical role in identifying and supporting their patients on the autism spectrum in the UK, yet little is known about their knowledge, attitudes and experiences in this regard. AIMS To understand psychiatrists' experiences of working with autistic individuals, their confidence in making diagnostic/management decisions and the factors that affect such decisions. METHOD A total of 172 psychiatrists took part in an online self-report survey. RESULTS Most psychiatrists reported receiving useful training on autism and were knowledgeable about the condition, particularly those with a personal connection to autism. Higher confidence in working with autistic patients was linked to greater levels of autism knowledge, experience and training. Several systemic and autism-specific factors were highlighted by psychiatrists, which were felt to challenge their ability to provide effective care and support for their patients on the autism spectrum. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatrists' views corroborated previous research with the autism community, highlighting the need to co-design services that are accessible, respectful and person-centred. DECLARATION OF INTEREST I.D. is the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Autism Champion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Crane
- Associate Professor, Centre for Research in Autism and Education, UCL Institute of Education, UK
| | - Ian Davidson
- RCPsych Autism Champion and Consultant Psychiatrist, Royal College of Psychiatrists; and ASD Service, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Rachel Prosser
- Undergraduate Placement Student, Centre for Research in Autism and Education, UCL Institute of Education, UK
| | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Professor of Educational Studies, Department of Educational Studies, Macquarie University, Australia
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Ellias SD, Shah HR. A Study of Assessment of Knowledge of Childhood Autism among Medical Students in Mumbai. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2019; 22:164-169. [PMID: 31007427 PMCID: PMC6472225 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_486_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study is to study the knowledge and awareness on autism among medical students and the factors which impact their knowledge on autism. SETTINGS AND DESIGN For the study, a multicenter cross-sectional research has been carried out among medical students in seven medical colleges in Mumbai. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 201 final-year medical students from seven medical colleges in Mumbai completed the knowledge on childhood autism among healthcare workers (KCAHW) survey and a semi-structured pro forma. Of the 201 students, 152 are from the public medical colleges and 37 from the private medical colleges. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Data collected have been represented in the form of frequency and percentage. SPSS 20.0 is used to analyze the mean distribution of KCAHW scores. A value of P < 0.05 is regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS The total mean score in the KCAHW questionnaire is 11.85 ± 3.15 out of 19. This is considered as poor knowledge. Our study reveals that students' knowledge on autism is limited. Knowledge gaps identified in certain autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms are associated with the obsessive and compulsive repetitive pattern of behavior and that autism is associated with epilepsies. CONCLUSIONS It is thus important that these children displaying ASD symptoms are diagnosed correctly and at the earliest. To enable this, doctors in all fields must be able to accurately identify the diagnostic features of autism both within and outside the four walls of the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia D. Ellias
- Department of Psychiatry, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Charitable Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Henal R. Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Charitable Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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A Preliminary Survey of Autism Knowledge and Attitude among Health Care Workers and Pediatricians in Tehran, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2019; 13:29-35. [PMID: 31037075 PMCID: PMC6451856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism spectrum disease (ASD) is not a common diagnosis for children presenting with neurodevelopmental delay before 36 months in Iran. Although recent years have witnessed improvements in diagnosis of pediatrics psychological disorders the role of referral system starting with health care workers (HCW) is not clear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the common concepts about ASD among pediatricians and HCW. MATERIALS & METHODS Pediatricians were randomly selected from four teaching hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2012-13. HCW were randomly selected from 3 urban health care centers in Tehran, Iran. DSM-IV TR criteria for ASD was used to assess knowledge. Participants were asked to rate sixteen statements on beliefs about autism to assess attitude. RESULTS Overall, 122 pediatricians and 90 HCWs with mean ± SD age of 36±4.7 yr and 76.4% being female recruited. Pediatricians had significantly higher encounter with autistic patients (18% vs. 10%, P-value=0.06) and parents of autistic child (17% vs. 12%, P-value=0.07). But generally, 209 participants (98.6%) declared that they were familiar with autism. There was no statistically significant difference between study groups in rating DSM-IV TR criteria for ASD as "necessary for diagnosis". Age, gender and working experience, did not differ between pediatricians or HCW answers (all P-values >0.05). Among HCW participants, higher educational level was associated with higher disagreement about "autistic children is schizophrenic" (P=0.01). Moreover, HCW with higher working experience had higher agreement rate with "autistic children needs special education" statement (P= 0.04). CONCLUSION There are still misconceptions about ASD regarding developmental, cognitive and emotional features in both HCW and pediatricians needed to be educated through national program.
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Ben-Sasson A, Atun-Einy O, Yahav-Jonas G, Lev-On S, Gev T. Training Physical Therapists in Early ASD Screening. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:3926-3938. [PMID: 29971656 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Physical therapists (PTs) are often one of the first professionals to evaluate children at risk. To examine the effect of an early screening training on pediatric PTs': (1) knowledge of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), (2) clinical self-efficacy, and (3) identification of markers. Twenty-six PTs participated in a 2-day "Early ASD Screening" workshop. The ASD Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and video case study analysis were completed pre- and post-training. Changes following training were significant for ASD knowledge related to etiology and learning performance, early signs, risk factors, and clinical self-efficacy. Rating the videoed case study after the training, was significantly more accurate than it was before. Training PTs is important for enhancing early identification of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Ben-Sasson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Osnat Atun-Einy
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gal Yahav-Jonas
- Association for Children at Risk, 9 Hazvi St., Tel Aviv, 67197, Israel
| | - Shimona Lev-On
- Weinberg Child Development Center, Sheba Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Ramat Gan, 52621, Israel
| | - Tali Gev
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
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Yılmaz T, Şencan İ, Yılmaz TE, Kasım İ, Kaya A, Kahveci R, Özkara A. The Assessment of Knowledge Levels and Practices of Family Physicians Practicing in Family Health Centers in Ankara with Regard to Well Child Follow-up. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.461402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Mendonsa LE, Tiwari S. A Survey of Knowledge and Beliefs regarding Autism in Speech-Language Pathologists in India. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2018; 70:191-202. [PMID: 30231250 DOI: 10.1159/000492863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are significant team members in the identification, assessment, and rehabilitation of children with autism. With a recent upsurge in the number of children with autism, there arises a need to examine SLPs knowledge and skills in identification and intervention of children with autism. AIM The present study is, thus, a novel attempt aimed to investigate knowledge and belief of SLPs in the assessment and intervention of autism in the Indian context. METHOD A total of 219 SLPs participated in a web-based online survey. The study adopted a cross-sectional observational research design. RESULTS The results of the study showed around 43% of the total SLPs obtained a good score on the knowledge section and 27% received a positive rating for the belief section. Additionally, factors like "educational qualification," "duration of clinical experience," and "caseload of children with autism" influenced knowledge and beliefs of SLPs about autism. CONCLUSION The study results indicate that SLPs practicing in India show average and below average scores on a questionnaire assessing knowledge and beliefs regarding autism. The study findings have implications towards developing improved training and course structure related to assessment and intervention of children with autism for SLPs practicing in India.
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Hayes J, Ford T, Rafeeque H, Russell G. Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in adults and children in the UK: a narrative review. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:222. [PMID: 30005612 PMCID: PMC6044100 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that diagnostic procedures for Autism Spectrum Disorder are not consistent across practice and that diagnostic rates can be affected by contextual and social drivers. The purpose of this review was to consider how the content of clinical practice guidelines shapes diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the UK; and investigate where, within those guidelines, social factors and influences are considered. METHODS We electronically searched multiple databases (NICE Evidence Base; TRIP; Social Policy and Practice; US National Guidelines Clearinghouse; HMIC; The Cochrane Library; Embase; Global health; Ovid; PsychARTICLES; PsychINFO) and relevant web sources (government, professional and regional NHS websites) for clinical practice guidelines. We extracted details of key diagnostic elements such as assessment process and diagnostic tools. A qualitative narrative analysis was conducted to identify social factors and influences. RESULTS Twenty-one documents were found and analysed. Guidelines varied in recommendations for use of diagnostic tools and assessment procedures. Although multidisciplinary assessment was identified as the 'ideal' assessment, some guidelines suggested in practice one experienced healthcare professional was sufficient. Social factors in operational, interactional and contextual areas added complexity to guidelines but there were few concrete recommendations as to how these factors should be operationalized for best diagnostic outcomes. CONCLUSION Although individual guidelines appeared to present a coherent and systematic assessment process, they varied enough in their recommendations to make the choices available to healthcare professionals particularly complex and confusing. We recommend a more explicit acknowledgement of social factors in clinical practice guidelines with advice about how they should be managed and operationalised to enable more consistency of practice and transparency for those coming for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Hayes
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Tamsin Ford
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Hateem Rafeeque
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Ginny Russell
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
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Suhaib F, Saeed A, Gul H, Kaleem M. Oral assessment of children with autism spectrum disorder in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2017; 23:81-86. [PMID: 29076744 DOI: 10.1177/1362361317730299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of oral health status, dental needs and dietary habits of children with autism and their healthy siblings. In this cross-sectional study, oral hygiene measures, sugar consumption and dental examination of 58 Pakistani children with autism spectrum disorder were assessed and compared to 27 of their siblings without autism spectrum disorder. Questionnaires were distributed to their parents regarding oral hygiene measures, dietary habits and past dental experiences. Clinical examination for the presence of dental caries, periodontal disease or parafunctional habits was carried out and findings were associated with the mother's education. Children with autism had a higher incidence of caries (50%) as compared to their healthy siblings (22.2%). Significant differences were observed between the groups regarding frequency of brushing and independent brushing. Dental plaque was observed on anterior teeth in 24% children with autism spectrum disorder as compared to 14% in the control group. Trauma due to self-injurious behaviour and bruxism was also recorded and compliance during clinical examination was noted in children with autism spectrum disorder. There was no significant difference in sugar consumption between children with autism spectrum disorder and their healthy siblings. Children with autism had greater dental needs and were more prone to developing dental problems as compared to their healthy siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Suhaib
- Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Asfia Saeed
- Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Hashmat Gul
- Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
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Martínez-Cayuelas E, Ibáñez-Micó S, Ceán-Cabrera L, Domingo-Jiménez R, Alarcón-Martínez H, Martínez-Salcedo E. Level of training in autistic spectrum disorders among hospital paediatricians. An Pediatr (Barc) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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GPs' confidence in caring for their patients on the autism spectrum: an online self-report study. Br J Gen Pract 2017; 67:e445-e452. [PMID: 28483821 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp17x690449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the UK, GPs play a key role in the identification and management of children, young people, and adults on the autism spectrum, but there is a paucity of research on GPs' perceptions of working with these patients. AIM To understand GPs' perceived self-efficacy in identifying and managing their patients on the autism spectrum, and the factors affecting this. DESIGN AND SETTING An online self-report survey was developed for completion by GPs across the UK. METHOD A total of 304 GPs in the UK took part. The survey collected responses on participants' background, training, and experience, both as a GP and with regard to autism, and included a 22-item knowledge of autism questionnaire, a 14-item self-efficacy scale targeting GPs' perceived confidence in identifying and managing their autistic patients, and an open question eliciting participants' experiences of working with autistic people. RESULTS In total, 39.5% (n = 120) of GP participants reported never having received formal training in autism. Despite demonstrating good knowledge of its key features, participants reported limited confidence in their abilities to identify and manage autistic patients, with many citing a number of barriers that overwhelmingly focused on perceived failings of the current healthcare system (such as a lack of clarity around referral pathways). CONCLUSION There is an urgent need for improved local specialist service provision alongside clearer referral pathways for diagnosis to improve both GPs' confidence in caring for their autistic patients and the healthcare experiences of autistic patients and their families. Local clinical commissioning groups are best served to assist GPs in ensuring that they can reliably detect the condition and make appropriate provisions for support.
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Haney JL, Cullen JA. Learning About the Lived Experiences of Women with Autism from an Online Community. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK IN DISABILITY & REHABILITATION 2017; 16:54-73. [PMID: 28187695 DOI: 10.1080/1536710x.2017.1260518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The experience of being an adult female with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been understudied in social work literature. The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of females with ASD, from their perspective, by examining content from an online autism community Web site. Using a phenomenological approach, data analysis on content obtained from the forum revealed several themes about the women's experiences concerning the diagnostic process, managing and understanding symptoms, and the impact of ASD on their personal and work relationships. Implications for social work practice, including creating more effective services for females with ASD, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolynn L Haney
- a Center for Social Work Education , Widener University , Chester , PA , USA
| | - Jennifer A Cullen
- a Center for Social Work Education , Widener University , Chester , PA , USA
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