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Yayla ME, Gümüştakim RŞ, Ayhan Başer D. Quality of life and post-traumatic stress disorder among elderly earthquake survivors: a focus on the February earthquake in Turkey. Psychogeriatrics 2024. [PMID: 39397224 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On 6 February, 2023, Turkey experienced a disaster resulting from two major earthquakes. The elderly population stands out as one of the most vulnerable and least adaptable. This study aims to identify the quality of life (QOL) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among elderly earthquake survivors in Turkey. METHODS This research was conducted between 1 October, 2023 and 15 December, 2023 as a cross-sectional design. During the data collection process, survey questions prepared by the researchers (29 questions) and the Elderly Quality of Life Scale (OPQOL-Bref) and the Impact of Events Scale (IES-R) were used. RESULTS Three hundred and eighty-four elderly people participated in the study. PTSD was more common in those diagnosed with chronic diseases after the earthquake, in those who had a drug-free period after the earthquake, in those who smoked and quit smoking, and in those who started psychiatric medication after the earthquake. Post-traumatic stress was seen more frequently in those with low QOL scores and in those who had a longer period of not using medication after the earthquake. It was observed that QOL was better in married people, high school graduates, those with average income levels, those who did not have chronic diseases before and after the earthquake, those who did not have a drug-free period after the earthquake, those who were physically active, and those who did not use psychiatric medication after the earthquake. CONCLUSION Chronic disease diagnosis post-earthquake, drug-free periods, smoking habits, and psychiatric medication usage were identified as influential factors in PTSD occurrence. Additionally, the study shed light on the profound effect of earthquake-related experiences, such as house damage, injuries, deaths in first-degree relatives, displacement, and changes in living conditions, on PTSD prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhteşem Erol Yayla
- Department of Family Medicine, Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Duygu Ayhan Başer
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Jin JY, Choi YJ. The Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Geriatric Disaster Nursing Simulation Intervention With Supportive Debriefing. Simul Healthc 2024; 19:e84-e90. [PMID: 38363826 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Geriatric disaster nursing simulation curriculum use scenarios with trauma-based topics that may contribute to lack of psychological safety in learners. This learning condition lowers students' self-efficacy, so supportive debriefing is needed to provide psychological safety for learners. The aims of this study are to develop and apply a geriatric disaster nursing simulation and to evaluate the effectiveness of a supportive debriefing model on psychological safety, learning self-efficacy, and counseling self-efficacy. METHODS A geriatric nursing simulation scenario, checklists, and a standardized patient were developed based on the Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation model. Nursing students were recruited as participants and randomly assigned to either the experimental group, conventional group, or control group. All 3 groups participated in the same geriatric disaster nursing simulation scenario, after which the experimental group used a supportive debriefing model-the SENSE (share-explore-notice-support-extend) model. The conventional group used a common debriefing model, the GAS (gathering-analyzing-summarizing) model, and the control group received simple comments with no debriefing model. The effects of the debriefing models on psychological safety, learning self-efficacy, and counseling self-efficacy were measured by self-report questionnaires. The aggregate scores of the measures were 222 for counseling self-efficacy, 70 for learning self-efficacy, and 50 for psychological safety. Higher scores within these measures corresponded to heightened capabilities. RESULTS The mean score of counseling self-efficacy in the SENSE model group was significantly increased after the simulation with the supportive debriefing from 142.80 ± 11.43 to 164.53 ± 15.48 ( Z = -3.411, P = 0.001). In addition, the SENSE model group and the GAS model group had significantly higher scores in counseling self-efficacy, learning self-efficacy, and psychological safety than those of the control group. However, the SENSE model group had a significantly higher score in psychological safety than that of the GAS model group. CONCLUSIONS The SENSE debriefing model is recommended as a supportive debriefing model to foster students' psychological safety in disaster nursing simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Jin
- From the Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Cengiz DU, İnceoğlu F, Karababa E, Polat AP, Yılmaz T, Kuntman BD, Men AF, Hızal E. Effects of the Kahramanmaras, Turkey 2023 earthquakes on balance perception, dizziness and post-traumatic stress: A relational screening model between subjective balance problems and post-traumatic stress. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:531-536. [PMID: 38522358 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the February 6, 2023, earthquakes in Turkey and recurrent aftershocks on balance and post-traumatic stress in surviving victims. METHODS Our study included 1004 participants aged 18-65 years who were exposed to the February 6 earthquakes and aftershocks in Turkey. After obtaining online consent from all participants, the Vertigo Symptom Scale (VSS), the Dizziness Handicap Index (DHI), and the Posttraumatic Post-Traumatic Disorder Checklist Scale (PCL-5) were administered online, and the interactions between the variable sets were examined using a correlational screening model. RESULTS As a result of the structural equation model established with the observed variables, it was found that VSS total scores had a statistically significant positive effect on PCL-5 (β1 = 0.56; p = 0.001 < 0.05). In addition, statistically significant positive high-level correlations were found between VSS and DHI (covVSS-DHI = 0.71), and a positive low level correlation with the number of days with dizziness (covVSS-number of days with dizziness = 0.34), and a positive low level correlation with frequency of days with dizziness (covVSS-frequency of days with dizziness = 0.37). A statistically significant positive low-level relationship was found between DHI and the number of days with dizziness (covDHI-number of days with dizziness = 0.34) and a positive low-level correlation between DHI and the frequency of days with dizziness (covDHI-frequency of days with dizziness = 0.29). CONCLUSION The structural equation modeling analysis showed that post-traumatic stress disorder had a significant effect on balance and dizziness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Uğur Cengiz
- Inonu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Feyza İnceoğlu
- Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ercan Karababa
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tuğba Yılmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Asya Fatma Men
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Hızal
- University of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Yazawa A, Hikichi H, Shiba K, Okuzono SS, Kondo K, Sasaki S, Kawachi I. Association of disaster-related damage with inflammatory diet among older survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1648-1656. [PMID: 38258409 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic experiences from disasters have enduring effects on health, both directly and indirectly by influencing health behaviours. Among potential pathways, the impact of disaster-related trauma on dietary patterns has been understudied. This study investigated the relationship between disaster-related trauma and dietary inflammatory index (DII®), and how these relationships differed by gender and whether they prepare meal by themselves or not among older survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (n 1375). Dietary data were collected in 2020 using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, from which we derived a dietary inflammatory index (DII®) based on twenty-six food/nutrient items, where higher scores indicate pro-inflammatory (i.e. unhealthy) diet. We found that the experience of housing damage due to the earthquake and tsunami was associated with slightly higher DII scores (coef. = 0·38, 95 % CI -0·05, 0·81). Specifically, women who cooked by themselves tended to have higher DII when they experienced housing damage (coef. = 1·33, 95 %CI -0·63, 3·28). On the other hand, loss of friends was associated with a lower DII score (coef. = -0·28, 95 % CI -0·54, -0·01). These findings highlight the importance of providing support to groups who are at increased risk of deterioration in dietary quality in the aftermath of disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Yazawa
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hikichi
- Division of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sakurako Shiba Okuzono
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Culquichicón C, Astudillo-Rueda D, Niño-Garcia R, Martinez-Rivera RN, Tsui NM, Gilman RH, Levy K, Lescano AG. Post-traumatic stress disorder, food insecurity, and social capital after the 2017 coastal El Niño flooding among mothers from Piura, Peru: A mixed method study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002996. [PMID: 38635669 PMCID: PMC11025727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In order to understand the impacts in the post-disaster scenario of the 2017 El Niño events in the Piura region-Peru, we examined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), food insecurity (FI), and social capital (SC) across three-time points in mothers in highly affected areas. In the Piura, Castilla, and Catacaos districts, we studied mothers combining mixed-method assessments at three (June-July 2017), eight and 12 months after the flooding. Each outcome was measured with the PTSD-Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C), the Household-Food-Insecurity-Access-Scale (HFIAS), the Adapted-Social-Capital-Assessment-Tool (SASCAT) surveys. In-depth interviews at the first evaluation were also conducted. At the first evaluation, 38.1% (n = 21) of 179 mothers reported PTSD; eight months and one year after the flooding, it dropped to 1.9% and virtually zero, respectively. Severe FI also declined over time, from 90.0% three months after the flooding to 31.8% eight months after, to 13.1% one year after. Conversely, high-cognitive SC was increased three months after the flooding (42.1%) and much greater levels at eight and 12 months after (86.7% and 77.7%, respectively). High levels of PTSD and severe FI three months after the flooding consistently decreased to nearly zero one-year post-disaster. High levels of high-cognitive SC may have helped mothers to recover from PTSD and FI in Piura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Culquichicón
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David Astudillo-Rueda
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru
| | - Roberto Niño-Garcia
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Raisa N. Martinez-Rivera
- CI-Emerge, Center of Emerging Diseases and Climate Change, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura, Peru
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nicole Merino Tsui
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Karen Levy
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrés G. Lescano
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Mathew G, Varghese AD, Paulose J, Benjamin AI. Community-based screening for post-traumatic stress disorder among flood victims - A cross-sectional study from Kerala, India. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:367-372. [PMID: 38778849 PMCID: PMC11107916 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_749_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Natural disasters like floods have various physical and psychological effects on victims. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that arises as a delayed reaction to extraordinarily threatening or catastrophic situations. Aim The objective was to screen for PTSD and associated factors among victims residing in the flood-affected areas of Kerala, India. Methodology A community-based screening for PTSD was done among 600 flood victims residing in three selected districts (Pathanamthitta, Alleppey, and Kottayam) of Kerala. A trauma screening questionnaire was used to screen for PTSD. Results More than 90% of them had to stay in relief camps during floods. More than 80% had damage to houses, followed by loss of domestic animals and vehicle damage. Among participants, 298 (49.7%) screened positive for PTSD 3 months post disaster. No previous history of flooding, odds ratio (OR) = 8.6 [confidence interval (CI) 5.7-13.1]; younger age, OR = 1.41 (CI 1-1.9); higher family income, OR = 4.2 (CI 2.5-6.8); education, OR = 1.4 (CI 1-2.1); flood-related morbidity, OR = 8.8 (CI 5.3-14.8); and death of a family member, OR = 3.4 (CI 1.2-9.3), were the factors that were found to be significantly associated with stress among respondents. Conclusion Almost 50% of flood victims were screened positive for PTSD. This study's findings reiterate the need to provide psychological support as a priority along with other disaster control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethu Mathew
- Scientist-D, ROHC (S) - NIOH, ICMR, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aby D. Varghese
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Department of Pediatrics, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaico Paulose
- Department of Psychiatry, Believers Church Medical College, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Anoop I. Benjamin
- Department of Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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Tomak L, Demirel T, Demir I. Evaluation of the demographic characteristics and general health status of earthquake survivors affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake; a section from Gaziantep Nurdağı district. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:937. [PMID: 38561730 PMCID: PMC10986009 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 occurred in Pazarcık District of Turkey at 04.17 on February 6, 2023 and another earthquake of 7.6 occurred at 13.24 on the same day. This is the second largest earthquake to have occurred in Turkey. The aim of this study is to investigate the earthquake-related level of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, general health and psychological status of survivors who were affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake and who were living in Nurdağı District of Gaziantep after the earthquake. METHODS Data of 2317 individuals older than 18 years of age who were living in earthquake neighbourhoods, tents and containers in Nurdağı District of Gaziantep were examined. Variables were evaluated to find out the demographic characteristics and general health status of earthquake victims. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to find out psychological states of earthquake victims. RESULTS The rate of injuries was 14.2% and leg and foot injuries were the most common with 44.2%. The relationship between injury status; and age, marital status, and being trapped under debris was revealed (p < 0.05). Mean GHQ-12 score of the survivors was 3.81 ± 2.81 and 51.9% experienced psychological distress. In the evaluation with logistic regression, it was found that female gender, being injured in the earthquake, loss of first degree and second degree relatives (with a higher rate in loss of first degree relative), having a severely damaged -to be demolished house and having a completely destroyed house were correlated with higher level of psychological distress (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION General characteristics, injury prevalence and affecting factors of earthquake survivors were evaluated in the present study. Psychological distress was found in victims. For this reason, providing protective and assistive services to fight the destructive effects of earthquake is vital. Accordingly, increasing the awareness of people residing in earthquake zones regarding earthquakes is exceptionally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leman Tomak
- School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Tolga Demirel
- Turkish Statistical Institute, Gaziantep Recional Office, Degirmicem Mah. Sehit Murat Yasilak Sok. No:13/A, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Demir
- Turkish Statistical Institute, Devlet Mah. Necatibey Cad. No:114 Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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Sapienza A, Falcone R. Flood Risk and Preventive Choices: A Framework for Studying Human Behaviors. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:74. [PMID: 38275357 PMCID: PMC10813114 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The topic of flood phenomena has always been of considerable importance due to the high risks it entails, both in terms of potential economic and social damage and the jeopardizing of human lives themselves. The spread of climate change is making this topic even more relevant. This work aims to contribute to evaluating the role that human factors can play in responding to critical hydrogeological phenomena. In particular, we introduce an agent-based platform for analyzing social behaviors in these critical situations. In our experiments, we simulate a population that is faced with the risk of a potentially catastrophic event. In this scenario, citizens (modeled through cognitive agents) must assess the risk they face by relying on their sources of information and mutual trust, enabling them to respond effectively. Specifically, our contributions include (1) an analysis of some behavioral profiles of citizens and authorities; (2) the identification of the "dissonance between evaluation and action" effect, wherein an individual may behave differently from what their information sources suggest, despite having full trust in them in situations of particular risk; (3) the possibility of using the social structure as a "social risk absorber", enabling support for a higher level of risk. While the results obtained at this level of abstraction are not exhaustive, they identify phenomena that can occur in real-world scenarios and can be useful in defining general guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sapienza
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ISTC-CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Lu K, Liao QQ, Zhu KW, Yao Y, Cui XJ, Chen P, Bi Y, Zhong M, Zhang H, Tang JC, Yu Q, Yue JK, He H, Zhu ZF, Cai ZZ, Yang Z, Zhang W, Dong YT, Wei QM, He X. Efficacy and Safety of Different Doses of Rivaroxaban and Risk Factors for Bleeding in Elderly Patients with Venous Thromboembolism: A Real-World, Multicenter, Observational, Cohort Study. Adv Ther 2024; 41:391-412. [PMID: 37987918 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Venous thromboembolism (VTE) consists of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Rivaroxaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) inhibiting activated coagulation factor X (FXa), and exerts several advantages in the treatment of VTE compared to conventional therapy. However, the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in elderly patients with VTE was still poorly understood. METHODS The study was carried out using an observational and non-interventional approach. A total of 576 patients aged ≥ 60 years with newly diagnosed VTE were included in the study. All patients received rivaroxaban with recommended treatment duration of ≥ 3 months for secondary prevention. In addition, 535 elderly patients with various diseases except VTE were included in the study in a retrospective and randomized way. RESULTS The total bleeding rate was 12.2% (70/576). Major bleeding and non-major clinically relevant (NMCR) bleeding occurred in 4 (0.69%) patients and 5 (0.87%) patients, respectively. The rate of recurrent VTE was 5.4%. The mean level of D-dimers was increased by 467.2% in the elderly patients with VTE compared with the elderly patients without VTE. The elderly patients with VTE receiving rivaroxaban at a dose of 10 mg once daily (n = 134) had lower risk for bleeding (3.7% vs 14.7%; P = 0.001) and a similar rate of recurrent VTE (4.5% vs 5.7%; P = 0.596) as compared to the elderly patients with VTE receiving rivaroxaban at higher doses including 15 mg once daily and 20 mg once daily (n = 442). In addition, age, concomitant aspirin, hemoglobin, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and rivaroxaban doses were independent predictive factors for bleeding events. CONCLUSIONS The study suggested that a dose of 10 mg once daily should be the priority in elderly patients with VTE receiving long-term rivaroxaban anticoagulation therapy in view of reduced bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 24 Jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, China
| | - Qian-Qian Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Guilin, No.12 Civilization Road, Xiangshan District, Guilin, China
| | - Ke-Wei Zhu
- Office of Pharmacovigilance, GuangZhou BaiYunShan Pharmaceutical Holdings CO., LTD. BaiYunShan Pharmaceutical General Factory, No. 88 Yunxiang Road Tonghe Street, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, No. 301 Zhengyuan North Street, Jinfeng District, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32 West Second Section, 1st Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Bi
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of TCM, No. 128 Xiangshan North Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, China
| | - Meng Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Guilin, No.12 Civilization Road, Xiangshan District, Guilin, China
| | - Jing-Cai Tang
- Administration Office of Medication Clinical Trial, People's Hospital of Guilin, No.12 Civilization Road, Xiangshan District, Guilin, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Guilin, No.12 Civilization Road, Xiangshan District, Guilin, China
| | - Jia-Kui Yue
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 212 Renmin Road, Lingui District, Guilin, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Pharmacology, Renshou People's Hospital, No. 177, Section 1, Longtan Avenue, Huairen Street, Renshou County, Meishan, China
| | - Ze-Feng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, No. 15 Lequn Road, Guilin, China
| | - Ze-Zheng Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, People's Hospital of Qiandongnan Prefecture, No. 31 Shaoshan South Road, Kaili, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, North China Medical Health Group Xingtai General Hospital, No. 202 Bayi Street, Xingtai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangquan Coal Industry (Group) General Hospital, No. 218 North Street, Mining Area, Yangquan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, No.31 Longhua Road, Longhua District, Haikou, China
| | - Yang-Tao Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Guilin, No.12 Civilization Road, Xiangshan District, Guilin, China
| | - Qiu-Mian Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Guilin, No.12 Civilization Road, Xiangshan District, Guilin, China
| | - Xuegai He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 24 Jinghua Road, Jianxi District, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, China.
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Gustafson CR, Brooks KR, Meerza SIA, Yiannaka A. Emotional responses to COVID-19 stressors increase information avoidance about an important unrelated health threat. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286712. [PMID: 37708142 PMCID: PMC10501669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, like other crises, has had direct and indirect impacts on individuals, many of which have been negative. While a large body of research has examined the impacts of COVID-19 on people's lives, there is little evidence about how COVID-19 affects decision-making broadly. Emotional responses to COVID-19-related stressors, such as illness and income loss, provide a pathway for these stressors to affect decision-making. In this study, we examine linkages between exposure to COVID-19-related stressors-focusing on temporally specific local case counts and loss of income due to the pandemic-and decisions to access information about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), another critically important health issue. COVID-19 constitutes a natural experiment in that people's exposure to stressors does not result from those individuals' current decisions. Using a nationally representative survey with 1223 respondents in December 2020, we linked the temporally specific COVID-19 cases and income loss experienced by participants to an increased likelihood of feeling hopeless. Higher feelings of hopelessness led to a higher probability of avoiding information about AMR. A mediation analysis confirms that emotional responses to COVID-19 stressors significantly increase information avoidance about an unrelated, but important health issue. Our results suggest that large-scale crises, like COVID-19 and climate change, may diminish action on other important health issues facing humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Gustafson
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kathleen R. Brooks
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Syed Imran Ali Meerza
- Department of Agriculture, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Amalia Yiannaka
- Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
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Wang SM, Kim SH, Choi WS, Lim HK, Woo YS, Pae CU, Bahk WM. The Impact of COVID-19 on Psychiatric Health in the Korean Population. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 21:410-418. [PMID: 37424410 PMCID: PMC10335912 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has multiple negative impacts on the psychiatric health of both those previously infected and not infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Moreover, the negative impacts of COVID-19 are closely associated with geographical region, culture, medical system, and ethnic background. We summarized the evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on the psychiatric health of the Korean population. This narrative review included thirteen research articles, which investigated the impact of COVID-19 on the psychiatric health of Koreans. COVID-19 survivors were reported to have a 2.4 times greater risk of developing psychiatric disorders compared to members of a control group, and anxiety and stress-related disorders were the most common newly diagnosed psychiatric illnesses. Studies also reported that COVID-19 survivors had a 3.33-fold higher prevalence of insomnia, a 2.72-fold higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment, and a 3.09-fold higher prevalence of dementia compared to the control group. In addition, more than four studies have highlighted that the medical staff members, including nurses and medical students, exhibit a greater negative psychiatric impact of COVID-19. However, none of the articles investigated the biological pathophysiology or mechanism linking COVID-19 and the risk of diverse psychiatric disorders. Moreover, none of the studies were actual prospective studies. Thus, longitudinal studies are needed to more clearly elucidate the effect of COVID-19 on the psychiatric health of the Korean population. Lastly, studies focusing on preventing and treating COVID-19-associated psychiatric problems are needed to provide a benefit in real clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sup Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Won-Myong Bahk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Rahman MM, Arif MSI, Hossain MT, Almohamad H, Al Dughairi AA, Al-Mutiry M, Abdo HG. Households' vulnerability assessment: empirical evidence from cyclone-prone area of Bangladesh. GEOSCIENCE LETTERS 2023; 10:26. [PMID: 37305781 PMCID: PMC10243237 DOI: 10.1186/s40562-023-00280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite Bangladesh being vulnerable to cyclones, there is a dearth of research on cyclone vulnerability assessment. Assessing a household's vulnerability is considered a crucial step in avoiding the adverse effects of catastrophe risks. This research was conducted in the cyclone-prone district of Barguna, Bangladesh. This study's purpose is to evaluate this region's vulnerability. A questionnaire survey was conducted using a convenience sample technique. A door-to-door survey of 388 households in two Unions of Patharghata Upazila, Barguna district, was conducted. Forty-three indicators were selected to assess cyclone vulnerability. The results were quantified using an index-based methodology with a standardized scoring method. Where applicable, descriptive statistics have been obtained. In terms of vulnerability indicators, we also utilized the chi-square test to compare Kalmegha and Patharghata Union. When appropriate, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was employed to evaluate the relationship between the Vulnerability Index Score (VIS) and the union. According to the results, the environmental vulnerability (0.53 ± 0.17) and the composite vulnerability index (0.50 ± 0.08) were significantly greater in Kalmegha Union than in Patharghata Union. They faced inequity in government assistance (71%) and humanitarian aid (45%) from national and international organizations. However, 83% of them underwent evacuation practices. 39% were satisfied with the WASH conditions at the cyclone shelter, whereas around half were dissatisfied with the status of the medical facilities. Most of them (96%) rely only on surface water for drinking. National and international organizations should have a comprehensive plan for disaster risk reduction that encompasses all individuals, regardless of race, geography, or ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Disaster Management & Resilience, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, 1216 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saidul Islam Arif
- Department of Disaster Management & Resilience, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, 1216 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Hossain
- Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208 Bangladesh
| | - Hussein Almohamad
- Department of Geography, College of Arabic Language and Social Studies, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Dughairi
- Department of Geography, College of Arabic Language and Social Studies, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Motrih Al-Mutiry
- Department of Geography, College of Arts, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem Ghassan Abdo
- Geography Department, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Tartous University, Tartous, Syria
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Yumiya Y, Chimed-Ochir O, Kayano R, Hitomi Y, Akahoshi K, Kondo H, Wakai A, Mimura S, Chishima K, Toyokuni Y, Koido Y, Kubo T. Emergency Medical Team Response during the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake 2018: J-SPEED Data Analysis. Prehosp Disaster Med 2023; 38:332-337. [PMID: 37073687 PMCID: PMC10267720 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x23000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last ten years, Japan has experienced several large-scale earthquakes with devastating social and health impacts. Earthquakes directly and indirectly cause a variety of health problems. Further investigation is required to increase preparedness and preventive efforts. In response to the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake on September 6, 2018, 32 Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) employed the Japanese version of Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED) as a national standard daily reporting template, gathering data on the number and type of health problems treated. STUDY OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to conduct a descriptive epidemiology study using the J-SPEED data to better understand the health problems during the earthquake disaster. METHODS Reported items in J-SPEED (Ver 1.0) form were analyzed by age, gender, and time to better understand the health issues that have arisen from the earthquake. RESULTS Most consultations (721; 97.6%) occurred between Day 1 and Day 13 of the 32-day EMT response. During the response period, disaster stress-related symptoms were the most common health event (15.2%), followed by wounds (14.5%) and skin diseases (7.0%). CONCLUSION The most often reported health event during the response period was stress-associated illnesses related to disasters, followed by wounds and skin conditions. The health consequences of natural disasters depend on diverse local environment and population. As a result, this initial study was hard to generalize; however, it is expected that data accumulated using the J-SPEED system in the future will strengthen and extend the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Yumiya
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryoma Kayano
- World Health Organization Centre for Health Development (WHO Kobe Centre), Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hitomi
- Hokkaido Government Department of Health and Welfare, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kouki Akahoshi
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kondo
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Wakai
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Mimura
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayako Chishima
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Toyokuni
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Koido
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Buckley TD, Burnette D. Psychological sense of community, self-rated health and quality of life among older adults in Puerto Rico two years after Hurricane María. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2023; 66:512-529. [PMID: 36217794 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2022.2133200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Older adults who experience natural disasters are at risk for immediate and longer-term negative health outcomes and diminished quality of life (QOL), in part due to disruptions to social relationships and protections. We use a risk and resilience framework to examine the protective effects of psychological sense of community (PSOC) on self-rated health (SRH) and QOL for older adults in Puerto Rico 2 years after the devastation of Hurricane María in 2017. Between September 2019 and January 2020, we conducted face-to-face interviews with a nonprobability sample of 154 community-dwelling adults aged 60+ in Puerto Rico. Controlling for covariates, we used multivariate regression to examine the association of PSOC and key social risk factors (mental health, social isolation, and loneliness) with SRH and QOL. Higher levels of PSOC were significantly associated with better SRH and QOL. Regarding risks, worse mental health was significantly associated with lower QOL and SRH, loneliness was significantly related to worse QOL, and social isolation was significantly associated with better SRH and better QOL. PSOC was a protective factor for older adults, suggesting that prevention and intervention efforts should focus on building and sustaining older adults' sense of community in the longer-term wake of natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Buckley
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Denise Burnette
- School of Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Diamantis DV, Katsas K, Kastorini CM, Mugford L, Dalma N, Ramizi M, Papapanagiotou O, Veloudaki A, Linos A, Kouvari M. Older People in Emergencies; Addressing Food Insecurity, Health Status and Quality of Life: Evaluating the "365+ Days of Care" Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5235. [PMID: 37047851 PMCID: PMC10094139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
During emergencies, older adults stand among the most vulnerable, facing long-lasting food insecurity and overall health issues. The "365+ Days of Care" food aid program addressed food insecurity and poor quality of life among vulnerable older adults following a devastating wildfire in Greece. Our aim was to evaluate the program's efficiency, using a process evaluation framework and a partial cost-utility analysis. In total, n = 133 wildfire-hit residents (≥65 years) received daily tailored, pre-cooked meals and/or weekly food packages. The study outcomes were assessed from baseline to 12 months later. Focus groups and interviews (n = 30), researcher observations, and questionnaires were used to assess the beneficiaries' perception of the initiative. Within the 12-month follow-up period, food insecurity and malnutrition risk decreased, whereas Mediterranean diet adherence; quality of life; and physical, social, and mental health were improved (p < 0.05). A one-point increase in food insecurity was positively associated with improved quality of life, general health, limitation in activities, body pain, vitality, and pain/discomfort (p's < 0.05), and it was marginally associated with mobility, anxiety/depression, and self-evaluated health status (p's < 0.1). Quantitative and qualitative data characterized it as successful, acceptable, beneficial, and of high quality. The partial cost-utility ratio was one QALY gained per EUR 22.608. The utilization of well-designed food aid programs during emergencies can alleviate food insecurity and improve quality of life in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios V. Diamantis
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15121 Athens, Greece; (D.V.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Katsas
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15121 Athens, Greece; (D.V.D.); (K.K.)
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Maria Kastorini
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15121 Athens, Greece; (D.V.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Lyndsey Mugford
- Department of History of Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nadia Dalma
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15121 Athens, Greece; (D.V.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Marsellos Ramizi
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15121 Athens, Greece; (D.V.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Ourania Papapanagiotou
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15121 Athens, Greece; (D.V.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Afroditi Veloudaki
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15121 Athens, Greece; (D.V.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Athena Linos
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15121 Athens, Greece; (D.V.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Matina Kouvari
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15121 Athens, Greece; (D.V.D.); (K.K.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
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Maarefvand M, Ghiabi M, Nourshargh F. Social work post-disaster response in Iran: A case study of the 2019 mass flooding in Poldokhtar, Lorestan. INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL WORK 2023; 66:547-567. [PMID: 36926595 PMCID: PMC7614324 DOI: 10.1177/00208728211018742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flash-flooding affected Iran in March 2019 causing the displacement of thousands of people. Social workers established a Child Friendly Space (CFS) and applied comprehensive case management to provide psychosocial support for people who were affected by flooding (PWAF) (n = 565) in a community in Poldokhtar, covering a period of 3 months. Outreach services, involving community-volunteers, providing counseling, establishing CFS, training PWAF for reducing violence, and preventing child abuse were essential social work post-disaster interventions to support vulnerable populations. The article reflects upon the often-neglected role of social workers in post-disaster settings, and brings new material for discussion from the unexplored field of Iranian social workers.
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Cross-Sectional Study on Risk of Flooding and Landslides and Their Associated Perceptions Among Home Health-Care Patients Living in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e264. [PMID: 36226466 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate a risk of flooding and landslides among home-care patients, to reveal an extent to which patients require support for evacuation, and to determine whether risk was accurately perceived among the patients. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study targeting the patients who were actively treated at the home-care clinic in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. We collected data on the patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Additionally, we collected data on their risk of flooding and landslides through hazard maps and distributed a questionnaire to these patients regarding their risk awareness of flooding and landslides. RESULTS Of the 199 eligible home-care patients, 84.9% (169 of 199) were at risk of flooding and/or landslides, and 58.6% (99 of 169) of them needs support during evacuation. Furthermore, of those who were at risk of flooding and/or landslides, 46.0% (45 of 99) had accurate risk assessments. Factors that resulted in inadequate risk awareness of flooding and landslides included: not placing importance on evacuation, not using medical equipment, and living on the first floor. CONCLUSIONS There was limited risk awareness of flooding and/or landslides among the home-care patients. The information of the risk factors regarding inadequate risk awareness of flooding and landslides should be used to sophisticate flooding and landslides evacuation strategy.
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Abolhadi E, Divsalar P, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Dehesh T. Latent classes of posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Bam Earthquake after 17 years. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:603. [PMID: 36088363 PMCID: PMC9464409 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify latent classes of the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the survivors of the earthquake in Bam, south-eastern Iran, 17 years after the disaster. The most influential predictor variables of PTSD classes were also investigated. METHODS Eight hundred survivors of the Bam earthquake who were at least four years old in that disaster were selected by multistage sampling. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version was used. Latent class analysis was performed to identify subgroups of people with different PTSD symptom profiles. Latent class regression analysis was used to explore the influence of demographic and traumatic variables on each class membership. RESULTS We found three latent classes of PTSD, with the following profiles emerging: Low Symptom (56.6% of the participants), Moderate Symptom (23.5%), and Severe Symptom (19.9%). Old age [OR = 2.20, 95% CI = (1.46, 3.32)], physical injury [OR = 1.95, 95% CI = (1.24, 3.06)], being trapped under the rubble [OR = 1.81, 95% CI = (1.15, 2.86)], and death of a family member [OR = 1.86, 95% CI = (1.12, 3.09)] were positive risk factors for PTSD and increased the chance of being in classes having more severe symptoms. Having a high educational level was a negative risk factor [OR = 0.86, 95% CI = (0.67, 1.11)]. CONCLUSIONS The severity of PTSD 17 years after the earthquake shows that natural disasters such as earthquakes have long-term consequences, and earthquake survivors must have psychological support and long term health care. After any catastrophic earthquake, governments should establish psychology and psychotherapy centers for earthquake victims, and these centers should support earthquake victims for a sufficiently long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abolhadi
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parisa Divsalar
- grid.412105.30000 0001 2092 9755Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Mosleh-Shirazi
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ,grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Physics Unit, Department of Radio-Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tania Dehesh
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Valladares-Garrido MJ, Zapata-Castro LE, Peralta CI, García-Vicente A, Astudillo-Rueda D, León-Figueroa DA, Díaz-Vélez C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after the 6.1 Magnitude Earthquake in Piura, Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11035. [PMID: 36078753 PMCID: PMC9518033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Peru, major disasters like the 2007 Pisco earthquake have produced high rates of post-traumatic stress. However, evidence is still needed to strengthen interventions. In 2021, a major earthquake struck Piura, in northern Peru. In this context, we aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted during August-September 2021 in people who experienced the 6.1 Piura earthquake on 30 July 2021. The questionnaire included the PCL-C, CD-RISC, ISI, HFIAS, and additional demographic data. Generalized linear models were used. The prevalence of PTSD was 20.3%. Household income was between PEN 2001 and 3000 (PR = 4.26, 95% CI: 1.08-16.75), smoking (PR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.03-6.01), experience of a nervous breakdown (PR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.09-3.09), moderate food insecurity (PR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.10-7.73), and severe insomnia (PR = 8.25, 95% CI: 2.22-30.71) increased the prevalence of PTSD. One out of five individuals experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms after the 2021 earthquake in Piura, which varies depending on socioeconomic, psychosocial, and individual factors. Further research should strengthen these findings to ensure a fair and early mental health intervention against new seismic events in this and other Peruvian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Luis E. Zapata-Castro
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura (SOCIEMUNP), Piura 20002, Peru
| | - C. Ichiro Peralta
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Abigaíl García-Vicente
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Piura, Piura 20002, Peru
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Piura (SOCIEMUNP), Piura 20002, Peru
| | | | - Darwin A. León-Figueroa
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15013, Peru
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13008, Peru
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación-IETSI, EsSalud, Lima 15072, Peru
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Depression, anxiety and stress among people infected with COVID-19 in Dhaka and Chittagong cities. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10415. [PMID: 36060465 PMCID: PMC9422344 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Covid-19 is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by novel coronavirus 2019. Many individuals have suffered or are experiencing psychological symptoms due to feelings of isolation, insecurity and instability triggered by Covid-19. This study aimed to explore the perceived psychological distress and associated factors among people infected with Covid-19 in Dhaka and Chittagong cities. Methods Using the face-to-face interview method, a survey was conducted from 23 April to 22 May 2021 on a questionnaire on depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21), socio-demographic, economic and health factors. Among those who had ever been infected with Covid-19, a total of 2092 respondents (1180 from Dhaka and 912 from Chittagong) were randomly selected and interviewed. χ2 test for independence of attributes was employed to observe the association of various socioeconomic, cultural, demographic and health factors with psychological distress. Moreover, multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the factors that contributed to psychological distress. Results Among participants from Dhaka, of three mental health conditions, the prevalence was higher for anxiety (80.0%), followed by stress (64.2%) and depression (59.8%), respectively. Anxiety was also more prevalent (57.3) among respondents in Chittagong, followed by depression (47.7%) and stress (39.5%). As the coexistence of symptoms, 52.8% of respondents in Dhaka, 34.4% in Chittagong experienced depression, anxiety and stress simultaneously. Moreover, in both Dhaka and Chittagong, all three psychological symptoms were strongly correlated in pairs. Multivariate analysis revealed that the most consistent factors associated with mild to moderate (MM), and severe to extremely severe (SES) depression were respondents from Chittagong who were illiterate or primary educated (OR = 0.166, CI: 0.076–0.364 for MM and OR = 0.041, CI: 0.013–0.131 for SES), male (OR = 0.999, CI: 0.666–1.496 for MM and OR = 0.395, CI: 0.249–0.625 for SES), single (OR = 0.393, CI: 0.157–0.982 for MM and OR = 0.121, CI: 0.049–0.303 for SES) and married (OR = 0.403, CI: 0.177–0.916 for MM and OR = 0.075, CI: 0.033–0.167 for SES), had a family of size ≤ 4 (OR = 0.253, CI: 0.140–0.458 for MM and OR = 0.114, CI: 0.059–0.218 for SES) and a family of size 5–6 (OR = 0.151, CI: 0.084–0.272), and no family members at risk being infected with Covid-19 (OR = 0.699, CI: 0.487–1.002 for MM and OR = 0.332, CI: 0.199–0.522 for SES). The analysis yielded similar findings for the other two mental health subscales, such as anxiety and stress. For respondents in Dhaka, the effect of factors other than sex on psychological distress was the opposite in Chittagong. Overall, psychological distress during the outbreak was greater among respondents in Dhaka than in Chittagong if respondents were not classified based on various characteristics. Conclusion This study showed that in both Dhaka and Chittagong, a substantially large portion of Covid-19-infected respondents experienced all three psychological distress (e.g., depression, anxiety and stress). Regardless of the dissimilarity between the results in Dhaka and Chittagong, better mental health support was needed for women in both cities.
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Social capital building interventions and self-reported post-disaster recovery in Ofunato, Japan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10274. [PMID: 35715484 PMCID: PMC9205946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that communal resources, cohesion, and social infrastructure can mitigate shocks and enhance resilience. However, we know less about how specific social capital building interventions facilitate recovery in post-disaster environments. Using a survey of over 1000 residents of Ofunato, Japan after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, this study demonstrates that the individuals who actively participated in a community center—created for and led by neighborhood elders—reported higher levels of family and neighborhood recovery than similar individuals who did not participate. Results from ordinal logistic regression analyses, propensity score matching (PSM) and coarsened exact matching (CEM) show arguably stronger causal links between bottom-up, microlocal programs to boost connections in post-disaster areas and post-disaster outcomes. Community-based programs that strengthen social ties even among elderly residents can measurably improve their recoveries.
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22
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Begum TF, Lin Z, Primeau M, Lin S. Assessing short-term and long-term mental health effects among older adults after Hurricane Sandy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153753. [PMID: 35151740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of disasters on older adults. We examined if older individuals experienced increased mental health (MH) effects immediately and long-term after Hurricane Sandy and if these effects varied by socioeconomic status (SES), disease subtypes, number of comorbidities, and length of stay. METHODS We identified older patients (≥64 years) with hospital admissions and Emergency Department (ED) visits (2001-2015) with primary diagnosis of MH diseases using the New York State discharged data. We quantified both short-term (immediately post-Sandy) and long-term effects (3-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year) following Hurricane Sandy, and used the pre-Sandy period in the affected counties as the control period. Poisson regression was used to compare daily counts of MH cases overall and by multiple strata pre-/post Sandy. FINDINGS Older individuals had significantly increased risk of MH ED visits immediately (32%), and 3-months, 1, 2, and 3-years after Sandy (2%, 9%, 15%, and 10%, respectively). MH hospital admissions did not increase immediately, but significantly increased by 8% a year later. Males and those with low SES had delayed, but increased risks of MH 1-3 years after Sandy (RRs range: 1.14-1.71). The top MH subtypes after Sandy were psychosis, mood disorders, substance abuse, suicide, and anxiety (RRs range: 1.12-2.62). After Sandy, patients with ≥8 comorbidities increased from 15% to >25%, along with their length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION We found long-term adverse effects of MH after Sandy, especially among vulnerable populations, which may help plan future disaster preparedness and recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoin F Begum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mike Primeau
- Office of Health Emergency Preparedness, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, United States.
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Subjective Wellbeing and Related Factors of Older Adults Nine and a Half Years after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Coastal Area of Soma City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052639. [PMID: 35270322 PMCID: PMC8910374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined older adults’ subjective wellbeing and related factors in the coastal area of Soma City nine and a half years after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). Data were collected from 65- to 84-year-old residents and 1297 participants via a questionnaire from October to November 2020. The participants were divided into two groups: housing complexes and non-housing complexes. The dependent variable was subjective wellbeing assessed via Lawton’s Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS). Using multivariate regression analysis, the factors most strongly related to a low PGCMS score for both groups were poor health conditions, difficulties resting while asleep, poor financial wellbeing, inability to chew certain foods, and fear of solitary death. The GEJE experience was further distinguished in the housing complex group by the loss of an important non-family individual; for the other group, important factors were female gender, junior high school education level or lower, limited social networks, and deterioration of a family member’s health. Older adults’ subjective wellbeing in Soma City was low after nine and a half years following the GEJE. For disaster victims and their families in both groups, it is crucial to implement measures such as long-term, continuous physical and mental health support.
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Ojeahere MI, Uwakwe R, Piwuna CG, Audu M, Goar SG, Armiyau A, Afolaranmi T. Assessment of full and subsyndromal PTSD and quality of life of internally displaced older adults in northern Nigeria. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2021.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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The Impact of Natural Hazards on Older Adult Health: Lessons Learned From Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 17:e52. [PMID: 34725020 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With natural hazards increasing in frequency and severity and global population aging, preparedness efforts must evolve to address older adults' risks in disasters. This study elucidates potential contributors to the elevated older adult mortality risk following Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico through an examination of community stakeholder preparedness, response, and recovery experiences. METHODS In April 2018, qualitative interviews (n = 22) were conducted with stakeholders in 7 Puerto Rican municipalities. Interview transcripts were deductively and inductively coded and analyzed to identify salient topics and themes representing participant response patterns. RESULTS The hurricane's detrimental impact on older adult health emerged as a prominent finding. Through 6 months post-hurricane, many older adults experienced unmet needs that contributed to declining physical and emotional health, inadequate non-communicable disease management, social isolation, financial strain, and excess morbidity and mortality. These needs were predominantly consequences of lengthy public service gaps, unsafe living conditions, interrupted health care, and the incongruence between preparedness and event severity. CONCLUSIONS In a landscape of increasing natural hazard frequency and magnitude, a pattern of older adult risk has become increasingly clear. Study findings compel practitioners to engage in natural hazard preparedness planning, research, and policy-making that considers the multiple facets of older adult well-being.
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Comparison of the Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable and Non-Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010830. [PMID: 34682574 PMCID: PMC8535316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vulnerable populations may be more vulnerable to mental health problems posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A systematic review was performed to compare the mental health impact of COVID-19 between vulnerable and non-vulnerable groups. Five electronic databases were searched for observational studies reporting the psychological outcomes of both vulnerable populations and healthy controls during the COVID-19 era. The primary outcomes are the severity of depression and anxiety, and secondary outcomes include other aspects of mental health such as stress or sleep disturbance. Meta-analysis was performed for the severity of mental health symptoms, and the results were presented as standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 25 studies were included. According to the findings, the elderly generally experienced significantly lower levels of psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. Pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases, and patients with pre-existing severe mental disorders showed mixed results according to each mental health outcome. The results indicate that vulnerable groups have been affected differently in the COVID-19 era. Though the insufficient number and heterogeneity of included studies leave the results inconclusive, our findings may contribute to identifying priorities of mental health needs among various vulnerable populations and allocating health resources with efficiency.
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Pruchno R, Wilson-Genderson M, Heid AR, Cartwright FP. Effects of peri-traumatic stress experienced during Hurricane Sandy on functional limitation trajectories for older men and women. Soc Sci Med 2021; 281:114097. [PMID: 34120083 PMCID: PMC8276253 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Although the short-term effects of disasters on the physical health of mid-life and older people have been documented, little is understood about the long-term effects that disasters have on the physical health of these people. Based on the environmental docility hypothesis and research regarding gender effects on functional limitations and disaster, our analyses examined the effects of peri-traumatic stress experienced during Hurricane Sandy using longitudinal data from 5688 people aged 50 and older collected over six waves (2006-2019). RESULTS We found that functional limitations follow three trajectories, with people in each group having a significant linear increase over time and all but the highest functioning people also having a significant quadratic effect, indicating that the linear increase peaked post-Hurricane and then slowed in later waves. CONCLUSION Consistent with the environmental docility hypothesis, peri-traumatic stress had its greatest impact on people with more functional limitations before the hurricane. Men experiencing peri-traumatic stress during Hurricane Sandy were more likely to experience an increase in functional limitations than women. These findings, which identify people most likely to experience long-term health effects following a disaster, can be used to inform health policies before, during, and after disaster strikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pruchno
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | - Francine P Cartwright
- New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
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28
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Fang G, Feng J. Is the 2003 SARS epidemic over? Long-term effects of epidemic exposure on mortality among older adults. CHINA ECONOMIC REVIEW 2021; 67:101618. [PMID: 35058678 PMCID: PMC7935677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases put health of millions at risk and induce large socioeconomic costs each year. However, the long-term effects of exposure to infectious diseases on the elderly have received minimal attention. Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, this study adopts a differences-in-differences strategy to evaluate the long-term effects of epidemic exposure on old-age mortality. We find that intense exposure to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic led to an increase in old-age mortality after the SARS outbreak. We provide some suggestive evidence that exposure to SARS increased psychological stress and limitations in physical activities among old people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanfu Fang
- School of Business, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, 1900 Wenxiang Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jin Feng
- School of Economics, Fudan University, 600 Guoquan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Mutianingsih, Mustikasari, Panjaitan RU. Factors that affect the psychological preparedness of the elderly in earthquake prone areas. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Liu C, Liu D, Huang N, Fu M, Ahmed JF, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Shahid M, Guo J. The Combined Impact of Gender and Age on Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms, Depression, and Insomnia During COVID-19 Outbreak in China. Front Public Health 2021; 8:620023. [PMID: 33553099 PMCID: PMC7859527 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.620023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mental health problems might have been increased owing to the COVID-19 pandemic with the commencement of the year 2020, therefore, an epidemiological survey appraising the burden of mental health issues among the general population is imperative. This cross-sectional study attempts to reveal the underlying mental health conditions, such as Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS), depression, and insomnia, relating to the pandemic situation, and to further examine the combined effects of gender and age on the COVID-19 related mental health consequences. An online survey was conducted among 2,992 adults in China from February 1st 2020 to February 10th 2020. The study uses binary logistic regression to analyze the potential factors associated with PTSD, depression, and insomnia. The results indicate that the prevalence of PTSS, depression, and insomnia are 19.5, 26.9, and 19.6% respectively during the COVID-19. Men and women show different rates of PTSS and depression, whereas no insomnia is found in both males and females. The females above 50 years of age have a lower level of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.448, 95%CI: 0.220–0.911, Cohen's d = −0.443) as compared with females aged 18–25; while the highest effect sizes for PTSS (OR = 2.846, 95%CI: 1.725–4.695, Cohen's d = 0.537) and the depression (OR = 2.024, 95%CI: 1.317–3.111, Cohen's d = 0.314) are seen in males aged 26 to 30. Besides gender, education, living conditions, direct exposure to COVID-19, the post mental and the physical health condition is related to PTSS, depression, and insomnia. Our study suggests that high-risk groups, especially those having two or more related factors and young men, should be the focus of mental health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Liu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danxia Liu
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Huang
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingqi Fu
- Center for Social Security Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jam Farooq Ahmed
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- School of Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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The Ontological Praxis Between Disaster Studies and Demography—Extension of the Scope. THE DEMOGRAPHY OF DISASTERS 2021. [PMCID: PMC7495493 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This chapter serves as a summary of the learnings from the present volume and an extension of the scope on disaster-demography nexus. We outline the benefits of exploring the disaster-demography nexus and develop a categorisation summarising seven different approaches to the interlink of disasters with demography from examinations of existing literature. These are: disaster impacts on population, measuring vulnerability, mass displacement, spatial-regional approach, climate change, urbanisation and an applied approach. These seven approaches are our attempt to highlight the complex and multifarious nexus between demography and disasters which may not simply be linked to vulnerability. It is recognised that others may separate or merge some of these approaches in different ways.
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Liang Y, Zeng H, Liu YG, Xu AM, Liu WH. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder after earthquakes among the elderly in China: A meta-analysis. World J Emerg Med 2021; 12:137-142. [PMID: 33728007 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to investigate the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after earthquakes among the elderly. METHODS Data from cross-sectional studies focusing on the prevalence of PTSD after earthquakes among the elderly were collected from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure in December 2019. The search terms included post-traumatic stress disorder, earthquake, and elderly. This study used Review Manager 5.0 to evaluate the impact of the results. In addition, forest plots, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis were carried out on the included articles. The combined estimate of the risk ratio and the standard deviation of the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were measurements of the size of the effect. RESULTS There were 4,834 patients included from 10 eligible studies. The sample sizes of PTSD group and non-PTSD group were 1,277 and 3,557, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that the overall occurrence of PTSD after earthquakes among the elderly was 0.25; the occurrence in females was higher than that in males, and the occurrence in the same province indicated little difference (Wenchuan city 0.25 and Ya'an city 0.24). CONCLUSIONS After earthquakes, the occurrence of PTSD is higher among the elderly than among other age groups, and higher among the females than among the males, while there is little difference among different areas within the same province. This indicated that prioritized specific psychological interventions should be provided to the aged and the females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Yu-Geng Liu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Ai-Min Xu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Wen-Hong Liu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
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Alamri HS, Algarni A, Shehata SF, Al Bshabshe A, Alshehri NN, ALAsiri AM, Hussain AH, Alalmay AY, Alshehri EA, Alqarni Y, Saleh NF. Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among the General Population in Saudi Arabia during Covid-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249183. [PMID: 33316900 PMCID: PMC7764434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Our objective was to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population in Saudi Arabia during this pandemic. A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used targeting all accessible populations in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from participants using an electronic pre-structured questionnaire. Psychological impact was assessed using the Arabic version of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A total of 1597 participants completed the survey. In total, 17.1% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 10% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 12% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly higher among females, younger respondents, and health care providers. Depression was higher among smokers, singles, and non-working respondents. Anxiety was higher among those reporting contacts with COVID-19 positive cases, previously quarantined and those with chronic health problems. Our findings reaffirm the importance of providing appropriate knowledge and specialized interventions to promote the mental well-being of the Saudi population, paying particular attention to high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Saeed Alamri
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (N.N.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdullah Algarni
- Ministry of Health, Abha 11176, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.M.A.); (E.A.A.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Shehata F. Shehata
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
- Biostatistics Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 65 Garidet St., El Horeya Rd., El Shatby, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ali Al Bshabshe
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (N.N.A.)
| | - Nada N. Alshehri
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.B.); (N.N.A.)
| | - Abdalla M. ALAsiri
- Ministry of Health, Abha 11176, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.M.A.); (E.A.A.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Amjad H. Hussain
- Medical City, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.H.); (A.Y.A.)
| | | | - Eman A. Alshehri
- Ministry of Health, Abha 11176, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.M.A.); (E.A.A.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Yahya Alqarni
- Critical Care Medicine, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Norah F. Saleh
- Ministry of Health, Abha 11176, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.M.A.); (E.A.A.); (N.F.S.)
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The Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 and Lockdown in the Spanish Population: An Exploratory Sequential Design. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228578. [PMID: 33227938 PMCID: PMC7699190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to analyze the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown in the Spanish population and to identify what population profiles were most affected. The study used a sequential exploratory design. In the qualitative phase, 40 participants were recruited based on theoretically relevant criteria and the saturation of the information provided by the interviews. In the quantitative phase, a large representative sample was applied. The universe considered was the adult population of Spain. A total of 6789 surveys were conducted. Both the analysis of the narratives of the interviews and the responses to the panel survey showed relevant changes in attitudes and mood swings compared to the period prior to lockdown. These changes include dysphoric moods (i.e., experiences of distress such as sadness/depression, anxiety, rage, feeling of unreality, worry, etc.) and also some euphoric moods (i.e., feelings of well-being, happiness, etc.). A higher number of women were affected than men and a greater increase was observed in younger people. The findings of the study may serve as a basis for detecting needs and providing psychological support, as the symptoms detected as the most common are key for the processes of screening at-risk individuals.
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Wang H, Li T, Gauthier S, Yu E, Tang Y, Barbarino P, Yu X. Coronavirus epidemic and geriatric mental healthcare in China: how a coordinated response by professional organizations helped older adults during an unprecedented crisis. Int Psychogeriatr 2020; 32:1117-1120. [PMID: 32268928 PMCID: PMC7184143 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huali Wang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Beijing100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing100191, China
| | - Tao Li
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Beijing100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing100191, China
| | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill Center for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Enyan Yu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou310022, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang110001, China
| | | | - Xin Yu
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, Beijing100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing100191, China
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Li L, Reinhardt JD, Pennycott A, Li Y, Chen Q. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Depression Among Older Persons 6 Months After the Lushan Earthquake in China: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:853. [PMID: 33132921 PMCID: PMC7549460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older persons are particularly vulnerable to the impact of earthquakes and are more likely to suffer from depression. OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression, to compare the prevalence between disaster-affected and non-disaster affected areas, and to explore additional risk factors for depression 6 months after the Lushan earthquake. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted. SETTING A magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred in Lushan County, Ya'an Prefecture, Sichuan Province, on April 20, 2013. In total, 196 people were killed, and 11,470 were injured over 5 days. PARTICIPANTS A multistage cluster sampling strategy was used. A total of 1,509 older persons (aged 60 or older) participated. METHODS The Geriatric Depression Scale-15, the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness scale, the Activities of Daily Living Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Family Apgar Index scale were used to evaluate symptoms of depression, loneliness, dependence with respect to activities of daily living, perceived social support, and family function, respectively. A generalized linear regression model and multiple logistic regression analysis were employed to identify risk factors for depression. RESULTS Using a cutoff score of 8, the prevalence of depression was 29.16% in the hardest-hit disaster area, 29.06% in the hard-hit disaster area, 31.61% in the moderately-hit disaster area, 17.94% in the remote non-disaster area, and 12.28% in the neighboring non-disaster area. The prevalence was significantly higher in the disaster areas than in the non-disaster areas. Risk factors for depression included an educational level of elementary school or lower, a greater number of chronic illnesses, feelings of loneliness, limitations in activities of daily living, family dysfunction, and low levels of social support. CONCLUSION Depression was highly prevalent in elderly survivors and was significantly more prevalent in disaster areas than in non-disaster areas. Psychological interventions and care should focus on older survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jan D. Reinhardt
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Pennycott
- Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Health Science and Technology ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ying Li
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Chen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yang W, Cui K, Sim T, Zhang J, Yang Y, Ma X. Health-related quality of life and post-traumatic stress disorder in inpatients injured in the Ludian earthquake: a longitudinal study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:229. [PMID: 32664966 PMCID: PMC7362470 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this longitudinal study was to identify risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in inpatients injured in the Ludian earthquake and examine the relationship between PTSD symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following the earthquake. Methods Three assessments were performed during an 18-month follow-up period. In total, one-hundred forty-seven inpatients of one-hundred seventy-four inpatients (85% of the initial sample) underwent all the assessments. Injured inpatients admitted to the No. 1 People’s Hospital of Zhaotong City after a severe earthquake (6.5 on the Richter scale) were enrolled in the study and assessed using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version, Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Scale. Results At the first, third and eighteenth months after the earthquake, the prevalence rates for PTSD were 23, 14, and 7%, respectively. In a regression model, bereavement, history of major diseases, and severe injury in the earthquake were associated with severe PTSD symptoms. HRQoL was negatively correlated with PTSD symptoms. Compared to that of Chinese norms, participants’ HRQoL was significantly lower in all eight HRQoL domains of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Scale. Conclusions The findings suggest that a substantial proportion of inpatients injured in the earthquake experienced severe PTSD symptoms and poor HRQoL. Therefore, early preventive programs and interventions should be implemented following disasters, to reduce PTSD and improve HRQoL in injured individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Yang
- The Mental Health Center, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Cui
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Timothy Sim
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Zhang
- The Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- The Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- The Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Joseph J, Jaswal S. Elderly and Disaster Mental Health: Understanding Older Persons’ Vulnerability and Psychosocial Well-Being Two Years after Tsunami. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-020-09375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rodríguez-Rey R, Garrido-Hernansaiz H, Collado S. Psychological Impact and Associated Factors During the Initial Stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Among the General Population in Spain. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1540. [PMID: 32655463 PMCID: PMC7325630 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 in Spain started at the end of February. By 9th April 2020 Spain was the second country in confirmed cases and in deaths. On March 14, 2020, the Spanish Government declared the state of alarm to limit viral transmission. During such state, citizens must stay confined at home with few justified exceptions. This whole situation drastically changed the life of the population, which can cause a wide range of psychosocial impacts. This study explored the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general adult population (N = 3055) during the first stages of the outbreak in Spain, as well as their anxiety, stress and depression levels. We also examined the extent to which the following variables were associated to participants' mental health: (1) demographics; (2) degree of concern about the pandemic; (3) environmental conditions during the home confinement, (4) changes in daily life as a consequence of the pandemic; (5) contact with the COVID-19 disease; (6) actual and perceived severity of the crisis; (7) information about the COVID-19, (8) perceived health status and (9) leisure activities conducted within the last 24 h. Our results show that Spanish consider the current COVID-19 health crisis as fairly severe, and the majority felt that the COVID-19 crisis had greatly impacted on their daily life, including changes in their daily routines and cancelation of important activities. About 36% of the participants reported moderate to severe psychological impact, 25% showed mild to severe levels of anxiety, 41% reported depressive symptoms, and 41% felt stressed. Women, young, and those who that lost their job during the health crisis showed the strongest negative psychological symptoms. What worried Spaniards the most was the likelihood of suffering an economic crisis derived from the pandemic. We found factors associated with better mental health, such as being satisfied with the information received about the health crisis, conducting leisure activities, and the perception of being in good health. These findings can be used to design psychological interventions to help coping with COVID-19 pandemic, both in Spain and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rodríguez-Rey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Garrido-Hernansaiz
- Department of Education and Psychology, Centro Universitario Cardenal Cisneros, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Silvia Collado
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
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Mutianingsih, Mustikasari, Panjaitan RU. Relationship between psychological preparedness and anxiety among elderly in earthquake prone areas. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Health-Related Quality of Life After the 2015 Gorkha Earthquakes, Among Older Adults Living in Lalitpur District of Central Nepal. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 15:298-307. [PMID: 32046811 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health-related quality of life (HQL) among older adults is often neglected and underprioritized in developing countries and is further burdened during natural disasters, such as earthquakes. The main objective of this study was to explore the factors affecting HQL among older adults living in Lalitpur District of Nepal. METHODS A total of 362 older adults participated in this study. Questionnaires were used to interview the respondents on various aspects, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, functional ability, and social support. An analysis was made to explore the factors affecting HQL. RESULTS HQL scores ranged between 3.13 and 90.63. A majority of the respondents (215/362; 59.4%) scored ≤ 50, indicating poorer HQL. The multivariate analysis found the impact of the following factors on HQL: functional status (β = 0.295; P < 0.001), PTSD (β = -0.225; P < 0.001), chronic disease (β = -0.168; P < 0.001), social support (β = 0.120; P = 0.019), injury (β = -0.104; P = 0.024), age (β = -0.116; P < 0.001), and accessibility to resources. CONCLUSION Poor HQL of older adults was dependent on various factors. The disaster preparedness program in Nepal needs urgent attention to address the concerns of older adults by incorporating the findings from this study.
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Older Adults and Social Support in a Disaster Context: Did Relocation Matter for Access to Social Network Resources After the 2015 South Carolina Flood? Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 15:50-57. [PMID: 31787118 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine social network characteristics and social support (emotional and instrumental support) and to determine how those factors differed between relocating older adults and nonrelocating older adults who were affected by the 2015 flood in South Carolina. METHODS Twenty-five community-dwelling elderly (CDE) were interviewed between December 2015 and May 2016 to learn about their experiences in the immediate aftermath of the flood. Ego-centric network data were collected with a focus on social network members and the types of flood-related support that these network members provided. RESULTS Ten of 25 CDE relocated because of the flood. All CDE were more likely to receive social support from female network members and family members than from other acquaintances. Relocating CDE received significantly less emotional support in comparison to nonrelocating CDE. The odds of receiving instrumental support were higher, but nonsignificant, among relocating CDE in comparison to nonrelocating CDE. CONCLUSIONS The findings around the support provision are concerning particularly because of the additional psychological burden that relocation can place on flood-affected, older adults. Recommendations for public health preparedness strategies are provided in addition to future research directions for examining the well-being of flood-affected, older adults.
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Beaglehole B, Bloomer C, Zhang T, Hamilton G, Boden JM, Mulder RT, Bell C, Frampton C. The impact of the Canterbury earthquakes on dispensing for older person's mental health. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:1599-1604. [PMID: 31291027 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of the Canterbury earthquakes on the mental health of older people by examining dispensing patterns of psychotropic medication. METHOD Dispensing data from community pharmacies for antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and sedative/hypnotics are routinely recorded in a national database. Longitudinal data are available for residents of the Canterbury District Health Board (DHB) (n = 67 760 at study onset) and the rest of New Zealand (n = 469 055 at study onset). We compared older age dispensing data between 2008 and 2018 for Canterbury DHB with older age dispensing data nationally in order to assess the impact of the Canterbury earthquakes on the mental health of older persons. RESULTS Older age residents of Canterbury are dispensed antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics at higher rates than national comparators, but this finding predated the onset of the earthquakes. Short-term increases in anxiolytic and sedative/hypnotic dispensing occurred for the month following the February 2011 earthquake. No other short- or longer-term increases in dispensing of psychiatric medication were present. CONCLUSION The February 2011 Canterbury earthquake caused a short-term increase in dispensing of anxiolytics and sedative/hypnotics. No longer-term effects on dispensing were observed. This suggests that older persons sought assistance for insomnia and anxiety in the aftermath of the most devastating earthquake, but longer-term rates of clinically significant anxiety and depression for older persons did not increase as a consequence of the earthquakes sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Beaglehole
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Bloomer
- Division of Mental Health, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division of Planning and Funding, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Greg Hamilton
- Division of Planning and Funding, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roger T Mulder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Bell
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chris Frampton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Sri-On J, Vanichkulbodee A, Sinsuwan N, Rojsaengroeng R, Kamsom A, Liu SW. Disaster preparedness among Thai elderly emergency department patients: a survey of patients' perspective. BMC Emerg Med 2019; 19:58. [PMID: 31646965 PMCID: PMC6813119 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-019-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In disaster situations, the elderly are considered to be a particularly vulnerable population. Preparedness is the key to reduce post-disaster damage. There is limited research in middle-income countries on how well elderly emergency department (ED) patients are prepared for disaster situations. The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes and behavior of elderly ED patients toward disaster preparedness. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional face-to-face survey at one urban teaching hospital in Bangkok, Thailand between August 1st and September 30th, 2016. Patients aged 60 and older who presented to the ED were included to this study. We excluded patients who had severe dementia [defined as Short Portable Mental State Questionnaires (SPMSQ) > 8], were unable to speak Thai, had severe trauma and/or needed immediate resuscitation. The survey instruction was adapted from previous disaster surveys. This study was approved by the Vajira Institutional Review Board (IRB). RESULTS A total of 243 patients were enrolled. Most of them were female [154 patients (63.4%)]. The median age was 72 [Interquartile range (IQR) 66-81] years and the most common underlying diseases were hypertension [148 patients (60.9%)] and diabetes [108 patients (44.4%)]. The majority of patients [172 patients (72.4%)] reported that they had had some teaching about disaster knowledge from a healthcare provider and had experienced a disaster [138 patients (56.8%)]. While 175/197 (81.8%) patients who had underlying diseases reported that they had a medication supply for disaster situations, only 61 (25.1%) patients had an emergency toolbox for disasters. Most patients (159, 65.4%) did not know the emergency telephone number, and 133 (54.7%) patients reported transportation limitations. CONCLUSIONS While most Thai elderly ED patients reported having a medication supply for disaster situations, many lacked comprehensive plans for a disaster situation. Work needs to be done to improve the quality of preparedness in disaster situations among elderly patients. Future research should focus on preparedness knowledge regarding evacuation, and shelter/residence for older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Sri-On
- The Department of Emergency Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Alissara Vanichkulbodee
- The Department of Emergency Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natchapon Sinsuwan
- The Department of Emergency Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rapeeporn Rojsaengroeng
- The Department of Emergency Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anucha Kamsom
- The Department of Biostatistic, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shan Woo Liu
- The Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Long-Term Health Consequences Among Wenchuan Earthquake Adult Survivors: Implications of a Framework for Postearthquake Reconstruction. J Nerv Ment Dis 2019; 207:884-892. [PMID: 31503179 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal health consequences of the Wenchuan earthquake. Based on descriptive analyses of national-level data and multivariate analyses on a six-wave repeated cross-sectional survey, the findings suggested that after 8 years health risks remained high among earthquake-affected survivors; however, a process of recovery existed. To conceptualize these findings, in this study, we proposed a three-stage recovery model in which the postdisaster health status was divided into three stages: acute, stagnant, and adaptive. At each stage, the health risk varied, and over time, associations between health outcomes and protective factors varied. The three-stage recovery model identified the trends of long-term health consequences among adult earthquake survivors and provided guidance for postdisaster reconstruction in China on the basis of protective factors analyses.
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Tanaka E, Tennichi H, Kameoka S, Kato H. Long-term psychological recovery process and its associated factors among survivors of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Japan: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030250. [PMID: 31434779 PMCID: PMC6707693 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake had an enormous negative impact on survivors' health. Many survivors experienced psychological distress and their long-term psychological recovery process remains unclear. Our objective was thus to explore this long-term psychological recovery process. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING From January to December 2015, face-to-face interviews were conducted in Kobe, Japan. PARTICIPANTS 20 affected survivors (55% female; ages ranged from 7 to 60 at the time of the disaster)-10 volunteer storytellers, six first responders (firefighters/public health nurses) and four post-traumatic stress disorder patients. OUTCOME MEASURES We asked participants about their experiences and psychological distress relating to the earthquake and what facilitated or hindered their psychological recovery. We analysed interview data using constructivist grounded theory. RESULTS Participants experienced diverse emotional reactions immediately after the disaster and often hyperfocused on what they should do now. This hyperfocused state led to both mental and physical health problems several months after the disaster. Months, and sometimes years, after the disaster, guilt and earthquake narratives (ie, expressing thoughts and feelings about the earthquake) played key roles in survivors' psychological recovery: guilt suppressed their earthquake narrative; conversely, the narrative alleviated feelings of distress about the earthquake. In time, participants reconsidered their earthquake experiences both alone and through social interaction. This alleviated their emotional reactions; however, participants still experienced attenuated emotional reactions, and some hid their feelings of distress even 20 years postdisaster. Interpersonal relationships modified this psychological process both positively and negatively. CONCLUSIONS Future psychosocial support plans for disaster survivors may need to (1) include both mental and physical care in the transition from the acute phase to the recovery phase; (2) facilitate supportive interpersonal relationships for survivors during the mid-term recovery phase and (3) provide long-term psychological support to the most traumatised survivors, even if they appear to be functioning normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizaburo Tanaka
- Research Department, Hyogo Institute for Traumatic Stress, Kobe, Japan
| | - Honami Tennichi
- Research Department, Hyogo Institute for Traumatic Stress, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satomi Kameoka
- Research Department, Hyogo Institute for Traumatic Stress, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kato
- Research Department, Hyogo Institute for Traumatic Stress, Kobe, Japan
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A Comparative Survival Analysis Between Evacuees and Nonevacuees Among Dialysis Patients in Fukushima Prefecture After Japan's 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Incident. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019; 13:898-904. [PMID: 31130148 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2019.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been little research on the health consequences of evacuation in the disaster context. A comparative analysis of survival between evacuated and nonevacuated hospital dialysis patients was conducted following Japan's Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant incident, which occurred on March 11, 2011. METHODS The study included 554 patients (mean age: 70.9) receiving dialysis therapy at one of the Tokiwakai Group hospitals-all of which are located in and around Iwaki City, approximately 50 km from the Fukushima nuclear plant-as of the incident date. The patients' survival after the incident was tracked until March 3, 2017. Significant differences in mortality rates between postincident evacuees and nonevacuees were tested using the Bayesian survival analysis with Weibull multivariate regression. RESULTS Out of 554 dialysis patients, 418 (75.5%) were evacuated after the incident. The postincident mortality rate (adjusted for covariates) of evacuees was not statistically significantly different from that of nonevacuees. The hazard ratio was 1.17 (95% credible intervals: 0.77-1.74). CONCLUSIONS If performed in a well-planned manner with satisfactory arrangements for appropriate selection of evacuees and their transportation, evacuation could be a reasonable option, which might save more lives of vulnerable people.
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Abstract
Medicare utilization and costs for residents of the U.S. Gulf Coast, who are highly vulnerable to natural disasters, may be impacted by their disaster exposure.To estimate differences in healthcare utilization by disaster exposure, we calculated Medicare expenditures among residents of U.S. Gulf States and compared them with expenditures among residents of other regions of the U.S.Panel models were used to calculate changes in overall Medicare expenditures, inpatient expenditures, and home health expenditures for 32,819 Medicare beneficiaries. Individual demographic characteristics were included as predictors of change in expenditures.Medicare beneficiaries with National Health Interview Survey participation were identified and Part A claims were linked. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) data was used to determine counties that experienced no, some, high, and extreme hazard exposure. FEMA data was merged with Medicare claims data to create a panel dataset from 2001 to 2007.Medicare Part A claims for the years 2001 to 2007 were merged with FEMA data related to disasters in each U.S. County. Overall Medicare costs, as well as costs for inpatient and home health care for residents of states located along the U.S. Gulf Coast (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida) were compared to costs for residents of the rest of the U.S.Expenditures among residents of U.S. Gulf States decreased with increased hazard exposure. Decreases in inpatient expenditures persisted in the years following a disaster.The use of beneficiary-level data highlights the potential for natural hazards to impact health care costs. This study demonstrates the possibility that exposure to more severe disasters may limit access to health care and therefore reduce expenditures. Additional research is needed to determine if there is a substitution of services (e.g., inpatient rehabilitation for home health) in disaster-affected areas during the post-disaster period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Horney
- Professor, Epidemiology, University of Delaware, 100 Discovery Blvd., Newark, DE
| | - Nathanael Rosenheim
- Associate Research Scientist, Hazard Reduction and Recovery Center, 3137 TAMU, College Station
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Professor, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station
| | - Tiffany Radcliff
- Professor, Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX
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Adhikari Baral I, K.C B. Post traumatic stress disorder and coping strategies among adult survivors of earthquake, Nepal. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:118. [PMID: 30999893 PMCID: PMC6474064 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most frequently reported psychiatric morbidity among the survivors of natural disasters. It is the main hindrance to rehabilitate their life. However its prevalence particularly in Nepal is largely unknown. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder and use of coping strategies among the adult survivors of earthquake. METHODS A cross- sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 291 adult survivors after 10 months of Nepal Earthquake 2015. Study setting was Nuwakot district with multistage sampling (cluster sampling and systematic random sampling) method. PTSD checklist-5 was used to measure PTSD, and adapted and modified brief cope scale was used to assess coping strategies. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test and one-way ANOVA) at 5% level of significance. RESULTS Study findings revealed that PTSD was prevalent among 24.10% of adult survivors with highest intrusion symptoms (3.24 ± 0.71). It was significantly associated with age (p = 0.017), sex (p = 0.013), education (p < 0.0001) and injury to self (p = 0.003). Elderly, females, illiterates and those who were injured during earthquake are at more risk for PTSD. Highest used coping strategy was active coping (2.92 ± 0.51). Survivors not having PTSD scored more on active coping (p < 0.0001) and self distraction coping (p = 0.006) while those with PTSD mostly used passive coping (p < 0.0001), religious coping (p < 0.0001) and substance use coping (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Earthquake poses significant impact on mental health of the survivors. After 10 months of devastating earthquake, prevalence of PTSD among the survivors is high. Maladaptive coping strategies further increase possibility of PTSD. Effective screening and awareness program regarding promotion of positive coping strategies among the vulnerable groups should be reinforced for prevention of psychiatric morbidity among the survivors of earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhagawati K.C
- 0000 0001 2114 6728grid.80817.36Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
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Maltais D, Tremblay AJ, Labra O, Fortin G, Généreux M, Roy M, Lansard AL. Seniors Who Experienced the Lac-Mégantic Train Derailment Tragedy: What Are the Consequences on Physical and Mental Health? Gerontol Geriatr Med 2019; 5:2333721419846191. [PMID: 31192276 PMCID: PMC6540486 DOI: 10.1177/2333721419846191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In July 2013, a train derailment caused the death of 47 people and destroyed the downtown area in the city of Lac-Mégantic (Quebec, Canada). This tragedy had several impacts on this small community. Method: Three years after this disaster, we used a representative population-based survey conducted among 800 adults (including 265 seniors aged 65 or above) to assess the physical and mental health of seniors. Results: Several differences were observed in seniors' physical and mental health based on their level of exposure to the tragedy. Nearly half of seniors highly exposed to the train derailment (41.7%) believe that their health has deteriorated in the past 3 years. The majority of seniors highly exposed to the train derailment (68.7%) also show symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorders. Seniors highly or moderately exposed to the tragedy were also more likely to have found positive changes in their personal and social life as compared with nonexposed seniors. Discussion: A technological disaster such as a train derailment still had negative impacts on seniors' physical and mental health 3 years later. Conclusion: Public health authorities must tailor prevention and promotion programs to restore health and well-being in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oscar Labra
- Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda City, Canada
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